2-2-1 turbine control.pdf

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Workshop on Renewable Energies

November 14-25, 2005

Nadi, Republic of the Fiji Islands

Module 2.2Module 2.2--11

WIND TURBINE TECHNOLOGYWIND TURBINE TECHNOLOGY

Turbine ControlTurbine ControlGerhard J. Gerdes

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Contents Module 2.2Contents Module 2.2--11

Control of the power of a wind turbine

Stall control

Pitch control


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150

%

125

100

75

50

25

0

Rotor speed

Power

Cons

t.torque

Optimum cp

DC generator

Synchr. generator

Induction generator

Rated power

Const. ctorque

Characteristic diagram power versus rotorCharacteristic diagram power versus rotor

speedspeed

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Power of a wind turbinePower of a wind turbine

the rotor of a wind turbine develops an enormous

power with increasing wind speed

to keep the rotor within its speed limits, it has to

braked down by a generator, that is connected to a

grid or directly to a consumer

In order to keep the extracted power within rated limits,the power of the rotor has to be controlled by means of

aerodynamic systems


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Aerodynamic control of windAerodynamic control of wind

turbinesturbines

Stall: fixed blade pitch

passive power control by stall effect

control parameter: wind speed

Pitch:

blade pitch activated by WT control

active power control

control parameter: power output, wind speed and rotor

speed

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The stall effectThe stall effect

Separated flow (stall)

around a profile

Attached flow around a

profile


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r eal

wind

attackin

gwind

rotational speed

rotation plane

vrated

Powe

r

vcut in Wind

Speed

Prated

driving force

th

ru

st

Stall control (3)Stall control (3) power generationpower generation

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r

eal

wind

attackin

gwind

rotational speed

rotation planedriving force

th

ru

st

Stall control (4)Stall control (4) increasing windincreasing wind

vrated

Power

vcut in Wind

Speed

Prated


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r eal

wind

attackin

gwi

nd

rotational speed

rotation planedriving force

th

ru

st

Stall control (5)Stall control (5) power limitation (stall)power limitation (stall)

vrated

Powe

r

vcut in Wind

Speed

Prated

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Example of a stall controlled windExample of a stall controlled windturbineturbine


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Pitch control (1)Pitch control (1) stand stillstand still

re a

lw

ind

rotation plane

vrated

Power

vcut in Wind

Speed

Pratedth

ru

st

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Pitch control (2)Pitch control (2) start of operationstart of operation

rotation plane

vrated

Power

vcut in Wind

Speed

Prated

driving force

th

ru

st

r eal

wind

rotational speed

attackin

gwin

d


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Pitch control (3)Pitch control (3) power generationpower generation

r eal

wind

attackin

gwind

rotational speed

rotation plane

vrated

Power

vcut in Wind

Speed

Prated

driving force

th

ru

st

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Pitch control (3)Pitch control (3) power generationpower generation

r eal

wind

attackin

gwind

rotational speedrotation plane

vrated

Power

vcutin Wind

Speed

Prated

driving force

th

ru

st


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Pitch control (4)Pitch control (4) power limitationpower limitation

r eal

wind at

tacking

wind

rotational speed

rotation plane

vrated

Power

vcut in Wind

Speed

Prated

driving force

th

ru

st

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Example of a pitch controlledExample of a pitch controlledturbineturbine

2-2-1 turbine control.pdf

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