1. What is a meta-analysis (2 pts)?

2. What is reciprocal inhibition (2 pts)?

3. Compare and contrast The Rorschach test and the TAT (4 pts.).

Extra Credit

1. According to Pinker, ________ has been declining since 1946.

2. Who asked Pinker a question about video games?

3. Which celebrity did Pinker mention at the beginning of his lecture on language?

4. Pinker proposed a number of reasons to explain profanity. List three or more. (Incorrect answers will result in point deductions.

You are of no use to me.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AukrpAoAYY0

Smith and Glass (1977)• Mary Lee Smith

• Gene V. Glass– Educational psychologists at ASU

Smith and Glass (1977)

• Meta-Analysis aimed at comparing different types of psychotherapy– Increases in self-esteem

– Reductions in anxiety

– Improvements in school performance

– Improved general adjustment

Smith and Glass (1977)• Conclusions

– Psychotherapy works

– No difference between types

– Continued meta-analyses are necessary

Wolpe (1961)• Joseph Wolpe (1915-1997)

– Born in South Africa

– Temple Medical School

• You can’t treat phobias with Freudian concepts

• Reciprocal Inhibition

Wolpe (1961)

• Relaxation Training

• Construct the Anxiety Hierarchy

• Desensitize Progressively

Rorschach (1942)• Hermann Rorschach (1884-1922)

– Swiss Psychoanalyst

Rorschach (1942)• Criteria for images

– Simple, symmetrical, and “moderately suggestive of objects”

• Record– Number of responses and reaction time (or

lack of reaction)

– Did the subject add color or movement?

– How many parts were perceived?

– What exactly was seen?

Rorschach (1942)• Criticisms

– Can you test validity?

• Promising results– Pre-diagnosed

individuals

– Identifying extreme cases

• Applications– Group discussions

– Conversation starters

Murray (1938)• Henry Murray (1893-1988)

– Harvard

– Secret Service and Espionage in WWII

– Freudian Approach

Murray (1938)• Thematic Apperception

Test (TAT)– Assumes unconscious

forces

– Used fiction writers as model examples

• Participants told that it was a test of “creative imagination.”

Murray (1938)Stories came from four sources

1. Books and Movies

2. Real-life events involving friends/relatives

3. Experiences in subject’s own life

4. The subject’s conscious or unconscious fantasies

Criticisms– Validity: Is it measuring a constant

trait or a passing phase?

– Is it confounded by the media age?