Name ________

A) living organisms are composed of cells that arisefrom preexisting cells

B) organisms that lack certain organelles reproduce bybinary fission

C) all cells regenerate and contain the same basicstructures

D) all cells have nuclei that contain geneticinformation

1. The cell theory states that

A) mitochondrion–movementB) ribosome–protein synthesisC) nucleus–storage of nutrientsD) vacuole–cell division

2. Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primaryfunction?

A) have a greater demand for energy than the musclecells of nonathletes

B) reproduce less frequently than the muscle cells ofnonathletes

C) have a smaller demand for cell proteins than themuscle cells of nonathletes

D) have nuclei containing more DNA than nuclei inthe muscle cells of nonathletes

3. Muscle cells in athletes often have more mitochondriathan muscle cells in nonathletes. Based on thisobservation, it can be inferred that the muscle cells inathletes

A) chloroplasts B) a nucleusC) a cell membrane D) centrioles

4. One difference between plant and animal cells is thatanimal cells do not have

A) The cell wall B) The nucleusC) The cytoplasm D) The cell membrane

5. What cellular structure must oxygen cross to get fromthe outside to the inside of an animal cell?

A) it is enclosed in an organelle such as a vacuoleB) the pH of the substance is greater than the pH of the

cellC) it is a large organic food molecule such as protein

or starchD) the concentration of the substance is greater outside

the cell than inside

6. A substance is most likely to diffuse into a cell when

A) substance A to enter the cell B) substance B to enter the cellC) both substances to enter the cell D) neither substance to enter the cell

7. The diagram below shows two different kinds of substances, A and B, entering a cell.

ATP is most likely being used for

8. Base your answer to the following question on Aninvestigation was set up to study the movement of waterthrough a membrane. The results are shown in thediagram below.

A) The red blood cells will lose water and decrease insize.

B) The red blood cells will first lose water, then absorbwater, and finally double in size.

C) The red blood cells will first absorb water, then losewater and maintain their normal size.

D) The red blood cells will absorb water and increasein size.

Based on these results, which statement correctly predictswhat will happen to red blood cells when they are placedin a beaker containing a water solution in which the saltconcentration is much higher than the salt concentrationin the red blood cells?

9. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below represents a plant cell in tap water as seenwith a compound light microscope.

A) B)

C) D)

Which diagram best represents the appearance of the cellafter it has been placed in a 15% salt solution for twominutes?

A) cell walls and ribosomesB) ribosomes and mitochondriaC) chloroplasts and mitochondriaD) chloroplasts and vacuoles

10. Plant cells can synthesize energy-rich organicmolecules, and later break them down to extract thatenergy for performing life processes. These activitiesrequire direct interaction between the

A) carbon dioxide and oxygen move in; ozone movesout

B) water and ozone move in; carbon dioxide movesout

C) oxygen moves in; nitrogen moves outD) carbon dioxide moves in; oxygen moves out

11. Leaves of green plants contain openings known asstomates, which are opened and closed by specializedcells allowing for gas exchange between the leaf andthe outside environment. Which phrase best representsthe net flow of gases involved in photosynthesis intoand out of the leaf through these openings on a sunnyday?

A) protein, which is metabolized into less complexmolecules by dehydration synthesis

B) glucose, which is metabolized into more complexcarbohydrates by dehydration synthesis

C) starch, which is metabolized into less complexmolecules by dehydration synthesis

D) glycerol, which is metabolized into more complexcarbohydrates by dehydration synthesis

12. What does the process of photosynthesis produce?

A) carbon dioxide and oxygenB) carbon dioxide and waterC) oxygen and chlorophyllD) glucose and water

13. Which substances must a green plant obtain from itsenvironment to carry on photosynthesis?

14. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below represents events associated with abiochemical process that occurs in some organisms.

A) The process represented is respiration and theprimary source of energy for the process is theSun.

B) The process represented is photosynthesis and theprimary source of energy for the process is theSun.

C) This process converts energy in organiccompounds into solar energy which is releasedinto the atmosphere.

D) This process uses solar energy to convert oxygeninto carbon dioxide.

Which statement concerning this process is correct?

A) fermentation B) respirationC) photosynthesis D) transpiration

15. By which process are CO2 and H2O converted tocarbohydrates?

A) maintain homeostasis by controlling water lossB) absorb light energy necessary for cellular

respirationC) store excess heat during the day and remove the

heat at nightD) detect changes in the biotic factors present in the

environmen

16. The diagram below represents changes in the sizes ofopenings present in leaves as a result of the actions ofcells X and Y.

The actions of cells X and Y help the plant to

A) chloroplast functionB) ribosomesC) endoplasmic reticulumD) mitochondria

17. Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration?

18. Which structures in the diagram below enable theobserver to identify it as a plant cell?

A) A and C B) B and CC) B and D D) A and B

19. Base your answer to the following question on the laboratory setup illustrated below and on yourknowledge of biology.

A) carbohydrate synthesisB) dehydrationC) active transportD) diffusion

This laboratory setup would most likely be used todemonstrate

A) Genetic material B) SugarsC) Fats D) Enzymes

20. Which class of molecules is responsible for speeding upchemical reactions?

21. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below represents a series of reactions that canoccur in an organism.

A) ribosomes and sugarsB) amino acids and glucoseC) enzymes and synthesisD) antigens and immunity

This diagram best illustrates the relationship between

22. Base your answer to the following question on the information and graph below and on your knowledge of biology.

The pH of the internal environment of lysosomes (organelles that contain digestive enzymes) isapproximately 4.5, while the pH of the surrounding cytoplasm is approximately 7. The average pH ofthe human stomach during digestion is approximately 2.5, while the average pH of the small intestineduring digestion is about 8. The graph below shows how pH affects the enzyme activity of four different enzymes, A, B, C, and D.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

Which enzyme functions best in a pH environment most similar to that of human stomach enzymes?

A) Its shape would change.B) It would no longer act as an enzyme.C) Its activity would slow down.D) It would be broken down.

23. Meat tenderizer contains an enzyme that interacts withmeat. If meat is coated with tenderizer and then placedin a refrigerator for a short time, how would theenzyme be affected?

A) amount of glucose present in the cellB) sequence of bases present in ATPC) number of molecules involvedD) shapes of the molecules involved

24. The enzyme amylase will affect the breakdown ofcarbohydrates, but it will not affect the breakdown ofproteins. The ability of an enzyme molecule to interactwith specific molecules is most directly determined bythe

A) ATP B) DNAC) sunlight D) starch

25. The energy used to obtain, transfer, and transportmaterials within an organism comes directly from

A) starch B) a hormoneC) carbon dioxide D) nitrogen

26. A student prepared a test tube containing yeast, glucose,and water. After 24 hours, the test tube was analyzedfor the presence of several substances.

What substance would the student expect to find ifrespiration occurred in the test tube?

A) oxygen atoms B) chemical bondsC) inorganic nitrogen D) carbon atoms

27. Which part of a molecule provides energy for lifeprocesses?

A) circulation B) digestionC) excretion D) respiration

28. Which process is directly responsible for the synthesisof adenosine triphosphate molecules?

A) water and oxygenB) pyruvic acid and glycerolC) alcohol and carbon dioxideD) nitrogen gas and ammonia

29. What are possible products of certain types of anaerobicrespiration?

A) heterotrophic B) anaerobicC) saprophytic D) aerobic

30. Which term best defines a bacteria that can survivewithout oxygen?

A) photosynthesisB) anaerobic respirationC) photolysisD) aerobic respiration

31. What process may cause lactic acid to form?

A) animal carries on a complex form of respirationduring daylight hours

B) muscle cells have been active during a period ofoxygen deficiency

C) animal is not adapted to the use of glucoseD) number of mitochondria in the muscle cells has

increased

32. The presence of lactic acid in the cells of an animal'smuscle tissue is an indication that the

A) mitosis of body cellsB) meiosis of sex cellsC) mitosis of sex cellsD) meiosis of body cells

33. Which process allows a mammal to continue to grow insize?

34. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below represents chromosomes in a zygote.

A) B)

C)

D)

Which diagrams best illustrate the daughter cells thatresult from normal mitotic cell division of this zygote?

35. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below can be used to illustrate a processdirectly involved in

A) sexual reproduction B) meiosisC) tissue repair D) recombination

36. Base your answer to the following question on Aphotomicrograph of cells involved in various stages ofnuclear division is shown below.

A) Gametogenesis in Yeast CellsB) Mitosis in an Onion Root TipC) Meiosis in Male GametesD) Cell Division in Human Blood Cells

Which title is most appropriate for thisphotomicrograph?

37. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below represents a microscopic structureobserved during cell division.

A) homologous chromosome and spindle fiberB) centriole and tetradC) chromatid and centromereD) autosome and allele

Which parts of the structure are indicated by arrows A and B, respectively?

A) four cells with half the number of chromosomes asthe parent cell

B) two cells with only one chromosome from each setof homologous chromosomes

C) two cells with the same number of chromosomesas the parent cell

D) one cell with a replicated set of homologouschromosomes

38. The process of mitotic cell division normally results inthe production of

39. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagrams below represent a cell process.

A) 8 B) 2 C) 16 D) 4

If the cell in diagram 1 contains 4 chromosomes, whatis the total number of chromosomes in each cell indiagram 3?

40. Base your answer to the following question on Cells ofa whitefish embryo were viewed under high power of acompound microscope and a photograph was taken asshown below.

A) centrioles B) chromosomesC) ribosomes D) centrosomes

Which structures are indicated by A?

A) meiosis B) mitosisC) recombination D) coordination

41. Melanoma is a type of cancer in which abnormal skincells divide uncontrollably. Some chemotherapy drugs,which stop the growth of the cancer, directly interferewith the process of

A) hemophilia B) color blindnessC) cancer D) albinism

42. Which human disorder is characterized by a group ofabnormal body cells that suddenly begin to undergocell division at a very rapid rate?

43. Base your answer to the following question on thediagrams below and on your knowledge of biology.

List the laboratory procedures to follow that wouldcause the cells in diagram 1 to resemble the cells indiagram 2.

Base your answers to questions 44 and 45 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology

Yeast cells carry out the process of cellular respiration as shown in the equation below.

An investigation was carried out to determine the effect of temperature on the rate of cellularrespiration in yeast. Five experimental groups, each containing five fermentation tubes, were set up.The fermentation tubes all contained the same amounts of water, glucose, and yeast. Each group of fivetubes was placed in a water bath at a different temperature. After 30 minutes, the amount of gasproduced (D) in each fermentation tube was measured in milliliters. The average for each group wascalculated. A sample setup and the data collected are shown below.

44. Plot the data from the data table. Surround each point with a small circle, and connect the points.

45. Mark an appropriate scale on each labeled axis.

Biology (Living Environment)

Name _________________ Class _________________ Date _________

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.

36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.