1.country report, egypt

8/7/2019 1.Country Report, Egypt

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The Egyptian cotton is a unique type of cotton

that is characterized by high quality, It gained

a worldwide reputation for more than a century

and half as being of the highest lint quality

among world cottons. From the botanical side,

it belongs to the species "Gossypium barbadense

" which originated in the new world.


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From the commercial production side, it is The

High Quality Cotton that has been developed in

Egypt. Nowadays, Egyptian cotton is grown in

various parts of the world, but mainly in the United

States, where it is known as American Egyptian or

Pima. However, Egypt still the main producer and

the producer of the best qualities as well.


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All Egyptian cotton varieties have Giza

names, they were developed and produced

by Cotton Research Institute.

Since the beginning of the last century,Cotton Research Institute developed and

produced more than 90 Egyptian Cotton

varieties. Most of them were and still usedin the commercial production.


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Cotton production occupies more than half Million

rural householders, beside employs half a million

workers, and indirectly through multiplies

effect generates over one million additional Jobs.

In the year 2009 cotton and textile exports

generated about 1900 million US dollars, which

cotton lint accounted for about US $ 60 million ofthese exports, the higher value-added manufactured

products accounting for the balance.


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Cotton Planted Area for season 2009/2010 have

amounted about 121000 hectare, compared to132000 Hectare in season before 2008/2009 with a

decline about 11000 Hectare, the Lowest cotton

cultivated area since more than 150 years ago dueto unfair prices to producers and better net profits

from alternatives crops especially grains, in the

same time the increasing costs of cotton inputs, in

addition the very high cost of hand picking and

insufficient trained picking workers.


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Giza 86:

was the predominated variety during the season

2009/2010 as it amounted about 87600 Hectare

(72%) of total cotton planted areas with a decrease

of about 53000 Hectare compared to previous

season. The Egyptian Producers prefer to cultivate

Giza 86 due to its high quality & productivity andits high ginning outturn, beside the high demand

locally & internationally.


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Giza 88

takes the second rank, as the planted area

amounted about 14000 Hectare (12%) of the total

cotton area with a decrease of about 10600

Hectare, compared to the previous season. As a

matter of fact there are a high demand from

international market on this variety for its high

spinning utility, in addition to its high

productivity and ginning outturn, but there are a

limited demand from the local market.


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Giza 90

comes in the third rank as the planted area

amounted about 12,000 Hectar , (10 %) of total

planted area, with an increase about 2000

Hectare., Compared to the previous season. It is

cultivated in Upper Egypt as it is Tolerance to

temperature stress, short duration, high

productivity and ginning outturn.


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Giza 80

takes the fourth rank, it is cultivated in upperEgypt, the planted Area amounted about 6000

Hectare (5%) of cotton area with a decrease about

3700 Hectare to previous season, it is toleranceto the temperature stress, high yield and ginning

outrun.

In addition limited isolation area of Giza70&92

Beside new strains in cotton research stations, to

reserve and maintain genetic purity and breading.


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3 - Production andProductivity

Cotton crop has decreased drastically in season

2009/2010 to amount about 95000 Metric Lint

ton, Compared to about 10500 metric Lint ton

the previous season 2008/2009 and average

yield about 785 Kg/HA season 2009/2010

compared to 795kg/HA season 2008/2009.


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Giza 86

is the first as its production amounted about 67380

Metric Lint ton (71%) of total production.

Giza 88

amounted about 24,000 Metric lint ton (19%) of

total production.

Giza 90

amounted about 8000 Metric lint ton (6%) of total

production.


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Giza 80

amounted about 3000 Metric lint ton (2%) of total

production.

Giza 70, 92,

The others (new strains and mixed cotton) amounted

about 2% of total Production.


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In spite of the Egyptian growers do not spare any

effort to maximize the yield of cotton hoping to

increase their income, in the same time great

effort spend from research and supervision

centers , in spite of the lake of finance , but the

decline of the yield due to the late planting after

winter crops as Egyptian bean and wheat.


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4 Local mills demand on Egyptian Cotton:

Local Mills were considered the main consumer,

for Egyptian cotton as its consumption generally

absorbs more than half of total crop, but in thepast years local demand on Egyptian cotton have

decreased as its prices was so much exceeds mills

ability, thus it was substituted with foreign cheap

cotton, in order to fulfill local demand.


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In addition, the Egyptian industries consumes

cheap foreign yarn to supply Egyptian local market,

It is noticeable that Egyptian local mills usually

consume about 200,000 ton annually, yet in season

2009/2010 till end July.

Consumption amounted about 76000 Metric lint ton

from Egyptian cotton & about 52000 Metric lint ton

imported cotton, in addition about 17000 Metric

Ton man-made fiber.


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Generally the decrease of Egyptian cotton

consumption due to the lack of demand on fine

count yarn & fine textile and fine ready made

garments as the global financial crises shrinks the

demand, also low economic growth effects

dramatically the luxury commodities as fine

cotton & high yarns count and fine textile.


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5 International markets demand on Egyptian

cotton:

In spite of the global financial crises and the

slow down of the world economic growth, total

commitments to Egyptian cotton amounted

about 80000 Metric lint cotton, thus due to the

shortage of supply of Egyptian cotton as well asthe other growths of the fine cotton, beside the

improvement on yarn demand


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6- Egyptian cottonPolicy:

Maintaining the same policy since several years based on

the complete freedom in the planting and trading eitherlocally or internationally. Local marketing regime

facilitates buying and selling seed cotton freely through

collecting centers, set under the supervision of general

committee for arranging internal cotton trade. At the

same time the internal price is negotiable between

buyers and sellers in the local market, depends on

supply and demand forces, as production, stock , other

cotton growths, international economic growth,

exchange rate etc.


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On the other hand export prices are left to interact

according to supply and demand forces as well as

market trends. Also agreement between Egyptian

exporting companies and their abroad clients play

an important roll in this matter.


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In this concern we have to mention that Egypt has

actively promoted the liberalized and privatizationof the Egyptian cotton through a package of

economic reform through free financial markets &

banking sector reform since January 1991, as all

controls of foreign exchange were dismantled,

private ownership in the public sector banks more

than 70% and all banks required to abide by Basel

convention on controls.


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Also agriculture reform started before 1990 based

on removal of government controls on farm gate

prices, removal of constrains on private sector to

import or export agriculture crops as well as

limiting the role of ministry of agriculture and land

reclamation to agriculture research.


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The strategy for agricultural development aims to

optimize crops returns per unit of land and water,

increasing agricultural land and achieve growth in

agricultural land at least 4% in the same time

ensuring sustainable production and environmentprotection.

Free cotton trade started in 1994 as the

government issues a legal framework aimed toliberalization.


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The Egyptian government encourage foreign textile

industries in several industrial zones close to

Alexandria and Cairo.

It is worth to mention that the export prices in

season 2009/2010 fluctuated weekly but as a

general there was increasing trend. As Giza 86

started between 90-95 Cent/L F.O.B in September

2009 and recorded about 130 end July 2010. In the

same time Giza 88 started about 105 in September

2009 and recorded about 146 C/L F.O.B end of July

2010.


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7 Outlook season2010/2011:

Cultivated cotton area is expected to increase to

about 158000 Hectar to produce about 130000

Metric lint tons, the expected increase in

comparison to the season 2009/2010 is about

36000 Hectare in area and about 30000 Metric

Lint ton.


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This expected increase mainly due to the

limitation of rice area by government to

rationalize water consumption for that, farmers

are forced to cultivate either cotton or maize as a

crop instead of rice, also may be to a limit extend

the increasing of cotton prices through season

2009/2010.


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actually season 2010/2011 well start without no

carryover, for that in spite of more production

than the previous seasons but the supply of

cotton in season 2010/2011 will be less as there

was a carryover at the beginning of season

2009/2010 about 65000 Metric lint ton, so the

prices for next season will not fall if the economic

circumstances still without change.


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8.The Statistical Situation of the Egyptian cotton


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AREA AND PRODUCTION

*In 2010/2011 season The cotton area in Egypt

will be around 156.000 Hectare.

*The cotton production will be about (135.000

Ton ).


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458

384

292210

317

290

198

297

208

215

120105

95

135

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1000 Ton

1970/1980

1980/1990

1990/2000

2000/2001

2001/2002

2002/2003

2003/2004

2004/2005

2005/2006

2006/2007

2007/2008

2008/2009

2009/2010

2010/2011

Season

EgyptianCottonP

roduction


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798

879

894

965

1020

965

885

971

744

928

916

774

800

860

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

( kg/Hectar)

1970/1980

1980/1990

1990/2000

2000/2001

2001/2002

2002/2003

2003/2004

2004/2005

2005/2006

2006/2007

2007/20082008/2009

2009/2010

2010/2011

Season

Yieldaverage(kg/

Hectar)


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9.Map of Egyptian cotton.


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1- Extra Long varieties

Cotton production

(Tons) 2009/2010

Variety

30787

179

333

Giza 88

Giza 92

Giza 70

31299Total


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2. Long Staple varieties

Cotton production(Tons) 2009/2010

Variety

118752

3341

8794

Giza 86

Giza 80

Giza 90

130887Total


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10.Technical Reports.


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General remarks:

Fiber tests were carried out on one bale of each

of thecomercial cotton varieties and promising

crosses of2009 crop.

All the tested cottons were represented byGood

/FullyGood lintgrade.

The spinning procedures as well as fiber and

yarn tests wereconducted at the pilot Spinning

Mill andLabs of cottonRes.Institute under

standard atmospheric conditions.


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11.Cotton Research Institute, Egypt.


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Cotton Research Institute

(CRI)

CRI one of the oldest cotton research

institutions in Egypt and worldwide.

Its inception dates back to the first

decade of the 20th century.


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CRI Programs aim to produce:

* New cotton varieties of high yielding ability.

* Early maturing varieties.

* High lint percentage and desirable fiber

quality able to satisfy the requirements of

local and foreign textile industry.*Pest resistant and tolerant to salinity , water

stress and high temperature varieties.


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2- Cotton TechnologyandQuality

Resea

rch Sections:

*Cottonginningresearchsection.

*Cottongradingresearchsection.

*Cottonfiberresearchsection.

*Cottonspinningresearchsection.

*Cottonchemistryresearchsection.


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Research staff of Cotton

Research Institute

Chief Researcher (Emirates) 103

Chief Researcher 15

Senior Researcher 19

Researcher 32

Assistant Researcher 19

Research Assistant 10

Total Researcher 198

Other Specialists 561

Total employees 759


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Adopting a long-range breeding program to introduce

new varieties with improved yield and better quality

besides producing early maturing varieties and stress

tolerant varieties especially for high temperature,

drought and salinity to replace the grown varieties.

To conduct genetic and cytogenetic research studiesfor creating and increasing variability of Egyptian

cotton germplasm.


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To produce short season, high yielding varieties

that enable cotton growers to cultivate a full

winter crop such as wheat before cotton.

To breed varieties resistant to pests and

diseases, thus decreasing the use of chemical

pesticides and reducing pollution.


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Objectives:

To preserve and maintain the genetic purity, yield

potentials and fiber quality of the commercially

grown varieties by producing new strains annually.

Producing the breeders and foundation seeds

annually as well as renovation the strains that have

the standard characteristics ofthe cotton variety.


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Covering the area of each variety with new

strains, and accelerates the planting seed

production cycle with contracting farmers, to

decrease the strains duration and handling to be

around three years.

Studying any possible changes that may arise to

the new strains under general farming conditions

as early as possible.

Identifying off-type plants and their percentages

in the fields to determine acceptance and

rejection ratios of cotton planting seeds.


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Objectives: Draw the best map of the varieties depend on climatic

zones under scientific basis by evaluating the

promising crosses and commercially-grown varietiesregionally every year to specify the most appropriate

agro-climatic areas and genetic stability for each

specific genotype.

Conducting demonstration trials on the promising

crosses, to give more attention and public awareness

to its productivity and quality.


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ObjectivesObjectives ::

ConductingConducting researchresearch onon optimaloptimal plantingplanting date,date, plantplant

density,density, fertilizerfertilizer applications,applications, waterwater requirements,requirements,

planting,planting, pickingpicking techniquestechniques andand integratedintegrated cropcrop andand

pestpest managementmanagement aimingaiming toto increaseincrease production,production,

preservepreserve qualityquality andand decreasedecrease productionproduction costscosts..


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Providing agriculture extension with the optimum

technical recommendations required for each

variety. Studying the possibility of mechanizing cotton

cultivation from land preparation up to picking

Following up the cotton fields all over the growingarea in collaboration with agricultural extension to

assure the application of the required

recommendations aiming to maximize the cotton

production and profitability besides minimizing

production costs.


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Objectives : Studying the physiological processes of the cotton

plant aiming to increase the cotton plant efficiency,

productivity and its tolerance to biotic and abiotic

stresses. Studying the plant mapping through following up the

cotton plant growth, efficiency of producing flowering

squares and boll retention.

To study the effect ofgrowth regulators and defoliants

on yield and lint quality.

To investigate physiological disorders such as red leaf

phenomenon.


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Comparing the different types of gin-stands and lint

cleaners, their capacity and efficiency in preserving

fiber and seed quality.

Studying and specifying the optimum settings of the

gin-stands that suits well the variety being ginned.

Improving the feeding techniques used with rotary

and reciprocating gin-stands.


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object es:

Determine quality standards for lint grades using

instruments of fiber quality evaluation.

Study the relation of cotton grades to fiber and yarn

properties.


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Object es :

To evaluate fiber quality characteristics for the

bulks and individual plants of the breeding

programs to enable breeders to combine better

fiber quality with high yield potential.

Evaluating fiber quality for the trials of other

research sections.

To evaluate fiber quality properties for the


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To evaluate fiber quality properties for the

commercially grown varieties and promising

crosses. The results are incorporated into CRI

Annual Report for the benefit of all who are

working in the cotton sector.

Conducting intensive research work on the

mechanical, physical and chemical fiberproperties and its fine structure besides studying

their interrelationships and their relationships to

spinning potential, spinning efficiency and yarn

quality.

Studying the intrinsic fineness of the commercial

varieties and promising crosses in the breeding

program


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Obj cti s :

T st t s i i g ffici cy a d yar uality of t

Br d r ybrids, a d romisi g cross s Vari ty

mai t a ce a d otton regional evaluation programs.

Test spinning value of cotton planting seed propagation

of all lots of all varieties to be used in conjunction wit

t e results of seed tests for t e selection of seedsacceptable for growing t e next crop.


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Evaluate the potential spinning performance and yarn

quality properties of the commercial varieties for the

local industry and cotton exporters.

Study the effect of new spinning technologies on

Egyptian cotton and its blends with natural and man-

made fibers.

Study the problems facing improvement in cotton

industries.


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Objectives:

To asses the percentage of cellulose, sugar, waxes,

organic acids and other chemical components of

cotton fiber.

To study the response of Egyptian cotton fibers to

chemical modifications and treatments including

mercerization, bleaching, and resistance to crimping,

wetting, flaming , fungi and bacteria as well.


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To study the response of Egyptian cotton varieties and

their blends with other natural and synthetic fibers to

mercerization, bleaching, dying and finishing

operations.

To study the naturally colored cotton characteristics

and natural dyes.

Studying chemistry of cotton plant residues and

cotton seed residues to be used in producing useful

products.


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HVI SPECTRUMHVI SPECTRUM


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HV 900 systemHV 900 system


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Rotor Spinning


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Compact and ring Spinning


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Winding machine


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1.country report, egypt

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