1bio-hydrogen from waste
TRANSCRIPT
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Bio-Hydrogen From Waste
Design Project – Group MMSupervisor – Professor Colin Webb
“Global demand for hydrogen is projected to increase 4.1 % annually through 2016
to 286 billion cubic meters.” – The Freedonia Group, 2012
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Process Synopsis
Sugar Beet MolassesCow Manure SlurryRiver Water
Liquid HydrogenCow Manure CompostCarbon Dioxide
Overall Production rate of liquid hydrogen 38,800 kg day-1
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Liquid Hydrogen
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 205002468
101214161820
Predicted Global Alternative Fuel Consumption
BiofuelNatural gasHydrogen
Years
Alte
rnati
ve fu
el c
onsu
mpti
on %
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Qiqihar, China
World Consump-tion of Hydrogen -
2013
United States Middle EastChina Western EuropeEastern Europe Other
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Process Flow Diagram
River Water
Sugar Beet Molasses
Dried Manure
Liquid Hydrogen
Cow Manure Handling
Hydrogen Purification
Culture Tank
Culture Tank
Water Treatment
Hydrogen Recovery
Dark Bioreactor
Photo Bioreactor
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Water Treatment
100% River Water
99% River sludge 1% Mercury
99.2% Water0.7999% Suspended solids0.001% Mercury
Adsorption column
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Manure Handling
14% Solid86% Liquid
Decanter Centrifuge
2% Solid98% Liquid
22% Solid78% Liquid
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Dark Bioreactor
0.10% Sucrose99.9% Water
0.05% Sucrose0.10% Acetate 0.05% Butyrate 99.8% Water
48% Carbon dioxide 48% Hydrogen4.0% Water
Dark Fermentation Bioreactor (CSTR)
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Photo Bioreactor
0.05% Sucrose0.10% Acetate0.05% Butyrate99.8% Water
0.02% Sucrose0.04% Acetate0.01% Butyrate0.02% Ethanol99.91% Water
48% Hydrogen48% Nitrogen4% Water
Photo-Fermentation Bioreactor (PFR)
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Culture Tanks
1.3x10-12% Bacteria94.4% Water0.5% Acetate0.5% Butyrate2.4% Sucrose2.2% Sugar Beet Balance
Gaslift Batch Culture Tanks (Mass Basis)
0.23% Bacteria93.4% Water0.12% Acetate0.14% Butyrate0% Sucrose2.21% Sugar Beet Balance3.7% Carbon Dioxide0.2% Hydrogen
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Hydrogen Recovery
5% Water38% Hydrogen38% Carbon Dioxide19% Nitrogen
9% Water3% Hydrogen62% Carbon Dioxide25% Nitrogen
91% Hydrogen9% Nitrogen
Pressure Swing Adsorption
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Hydrogen Purification
50% Hydrogen50% Nitrogen
91% Hydrogen9% Nitrogen
Membrane Separator
99.995% Hydrogen0.005% Nitrogen
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Hydrogen Liquification
Joule-Thompson Cycle
99.995% Gaseous Hydrogen
99.995% Liquid Hydrogen
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Socioeconomic Sustainability
Action BenefitRiver water vs Mains water Saves $16 million over
project life Process water recycle Saves $17 million annuallyResale of dried cow manure Income of $24 million
annually
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Environmental Sustainability
Stage 1 - Water Treatment
Stage 2 - Manure Handling
Stage 3 - Reactors and Culture tanks
Stage 4 - Product separation
0
5,00010,000
15,000
20,00025,000
30,000
35,00040,000
45,00050,000
kg h
-1 C
O2
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Safety
Substance Leakage Hazard
Likelihood Severity Overall Risk
River Water 3 2 6Cow Manure 2 5 10
Dark Bioreactor 3 2 6Photo Bioreactor 3 2 6
Culture Tanks 2 2 4Hydrogen Recovery 3 2 6
Hydrogen Purity 2 5 10
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Finances – Fixed Capital
Sub-Process Total Fixed Capital ($Million)
Water Treatment 18.3Manure Handling 11.9Dark Bioreactor 18.5Photo Bioreactor 50.0
Culture Tanks 4.3Hydrogen Recovery 2.6Hydrogen
Purification 131.2Total 236.8
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Finances – Operating
Variable Costs Annual Cost ($Million)
Raw Materials 129.0Utilities 58.4Effluent disposal
2.7
Consumables 0.5Packaging/Shipping
23.3
Total 213.9
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Return on Investment
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
Years
Cum
ulati
ve C
ash
Flow
($M
illio
ns)
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Price of Hydrogen
Supply of cow manure
Cost and supply of sugar beet molasses
Constraints
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Designed for the future:
Pilot scale studies Further research into bacteria metabolism Detailed hydrogen market study
Conclusion