1.base your answer to the following question on the 3.the ... · pdf filea)silt and clay...

1. Base your answer to the following question on themap below, which shows the generalized bedrock of apart of western New York State.

A) decreases and larger sediments are deposited firstB) decreases and smaller sediments are deposited

firstC) increases and larger sediments are deposited firstD) increases and smaller sediments are deposited

first

As the Niagara River enters Lake Ontario, the velocityof the river water

A) 0.02 cm/s B) 0.5 cm/sC) 5.0 cm/s D) 20.0 cm/s

2. What is the minimum water velocity necessary tomaintain movement of 0.1-centimeter-diameterparticles in a stream?

A) was constantly decreasingB) was constantly increasingC) decreased and then increasedD) remained the same

3. The table below describes the deposits that anobserver saw while walking downstream along a 500meter section of a streambed.

It could be inferred from the above data that thestream's velocity

A) B)

C) D)

4. Which graph best represents the relationship between the slope of a river and the particle size that canbe transported by that river?

A) dropping directly from a glacierB) an avalanche on a mountainsideC) a decrease in the velocity of a streamD) dropping of weathered rock fragments from a

cliff

5. The diagram below represents a core sample of asedimentary deposit found at a particular location.The deposition most likely occurred as a result of

A) 100 cm/sec B) 200 cm/secC) 300 cm/sec D) 500 cm/sec

6. What is the minimum water velocity needed in astream to maintain the transportation of the smallestboulder?

A) boulders B) cobblesC) pebbles D) sand

7. The largest sediment particles that can be transportedby a stream traveling at a velocity of 200 centimetersper second are

A) has more tributariesB) has a wider streambedC) flows down a steeper slopeD) travels over less resistant bedrock

8. Two streams, A and B, carry the same volume ofwater, but stream A has a greater velocity. The mostlikely cause of this greater velocity would be thatstream A

A) decreases B) increasesC) remains the same

9. As the velocity of a stream decreases, the amount ofsediment in the water of the stream

A) cobbles, onlyB) cobbles and some pebbles, onlyC) cobbles, pebbles, and some sand, onlyD) cobbles, pebbles, sand, slit, and clay

10. A stream flowing at a velocity of 250 centimetersper second is transporting sediment particles rangingin size from clay to cobbles. Which transportedparticles will be deposited by the stream if itsvelocity decreases to 100 centimeters per second?

A) clay, onlyB) boulders, onlyC) sand, silt, and clayD) boulders, cobbles, and pebbles

11. Which material would most likely be carried by astream traveling at a rate of 40 centimeters persecond?

A) silt and clayB) sand and siltC) pebbles and sandD) cobbles and pebbles

12. A stream is carrying sediment particles ranging from0.0004 to 25.6 centimeters. When the streamvelocity decreases from 300 to 100 centimeters persecond, the stream will most probably deposit

A) density of the rock particles carried by thestream decreases

B) slope of the stream increasesC) discharge of the stream increasesD) velocity of the stream decreases

13. More deposition than erosion will take place in astreambed when the

A) silt B) sandC) pebbles D) cobbles

14. What are the largest particles that a stream cantransport when its velocity is 200 centimeters persecond?

15. Base your answer to the following question on the block diagrams of four rock outcrops, A, B, C, andD, located within 15 kilometers of each other. The rock layers have not been overturned.

A) 0.02 cm/s B) 0.05 cm/s C) 10 cm/s D) 20 cm/s

Which stream velocity carried only clay particles to the depositional environment where the shaleformed?

A) sand ® pebbles ® cobbles ® bouldersB) silt ® sand ® pebbles ® cobblesC) cobbles ® pebbles ® sand ® siltD) silt ® pebbles ® sand ® cobbles

16. As water velocity of a stream increases from 25 to225 centimeters per second, in which order willparticles of different sizes begin to move?

A) Clay, silt, sand, pebbles, and smaller cobblesstay in transport; some cobbles are deposited.

B) Clay, silt, sand, and smaller pebbles stay intransport; some pebbles are deposited.

C) Clay, silt, and smaller sand stay in transport;some sand is deposited.

D) Clay and smaller silt stay in transport; some siltis deposited.

17. A river's velocity slows from 100 to 50 centimetersper second at a point in its channel. Which statementbest describes the transport and deposition ofparticles at this point?

A) water velocity decreasesB) stream gradient increasesC) water is deeperD) stream is narrower

18. Deposition within a meandering stream usuallyoccurs on the inside of the curves because the

19. Base your answer to the following question on themap below, which shows a portion of a stream thatflows southward. Letters A through E representlocations in the stream. Line XY is the location of across section.

A) cobbles B) sandC) silt D) clay

Where this stream’s velocity decreases from 300 to200 centimeters per second, which size sediment willbe deposited?

Base your answers to questions 20 and 21 on thediagram below, which shows a meandering stream.Letters A, B, C, and D indicate locations on thestreambed.

A) silt B) sandC) pebbles D) cobbles

20. What are the largest particles that this stream cantransport when its velocity is 200 centimeters persecond?

A) the amount of sediment carried by the streamB) the size of the particles carried by the streamC) deposition within the stream channelD) abrasion of the stream channel

21. A decrease in the velocity of this stream will mostlikely cause an increase in


22. What is the approximate minimum water velocityneeded to maintain movement of a sediment particlewith a diameter of 5.0 centimeters?

A) silt B) sandC) pebble D) cobble

23. What is the largest particle that can be kept inmotion by a stream that has a velocity of 100centimeters per second?

A) pebbles B) sandC) boulders D) cobbles

24. A stream with a water velocity of 150 centimetersper second decreases to a velocity of 100centimeters per second. Which sediment size willmost likely be deposited?


25. What is the minimum rate of flow at which a streamcan maintain transport of boulders?

26. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which is a geologic cross sectionof an area where a river has exposed a 300-metercliff of sedimentary rock layers. The rock layers arelabeled A through I. Line XY represents a gap in thegeologic record (an unconformity).

A) B)

C) D)

Which graph best represents the relative watervelocity at the time of deposition of the particles thatmake up the rock layers shown?

A) B)

C) D)

27. Stream velocity and stream discharge were recordedcontinuously at the same location in a streamchannel. Which graph best shows the relationshipbetween stream velocity and stream discharge at thislocation?


28. What is the minimum stream velocity needed tomaintain transport of a pebble that is 1 centimeter indiameter?

A) decreases B) increasesC) remains the same

29. As the gradient of a stream increases, the stream'sability to carry sediment

A) conglomerate B) sandstoneC) siltstone D) shale

30. A river carrying pebbles, sand, silt, and clay flowsinto the ocean. The sediments are sorted by size asthey are deposited at different distances from shore.Which sedimentary rock will most likely form fromthe sediment deposited farthest from shore?

31. Base your answer to the following question on the cross sections below, which represent a particularlocation of the channel of the San Juan River in Utah. Changes in river discharge (Q), in cubic metersper second, and sediment deposits before, during, and after a flood are shown.

A) velocity B) gradientC) channel length D) sediment deposits

On October 14, during the flood, the discharge of the San Juan River changed dramatically. Thechange in the river’s discharge at this location was related to an increase in the river’s

A) clay, onlyB) pebbles, onlyC) pebbles, sand, silt, and clay, onlyD) boulders, cobbles, pebbles, sand, silt, and clay

32. A stream flowing at a velocity of 75 centimeters persecond can transport


33. What is the minimum rate of flow at which a streamof water can maintain the transportation of pebbles1.0 centimeter in diameter?

A) less than the velocity of the streamB) greater than the velocity of the streamC) the same as the velocity of the stream

34. A pebble with a diameter of 5.0 centimeters is beingrolled in a rapidly moving stream. The velocity ofthe pebble is most likely

A) pebbles, sand, silt, and clayB) sand, silt, and clay, onlyC) silt and clay, onlyD) clay, only

35. A stream’s velocity decreases from 100 cm/s to5cm/s. Which size sediment particles will still betransported by the stream?

A) velocity of the river decreasesB) force of gravity decreasesC) volume of the river increasesD) gradient of the river increases

36. Sediment is deposited in a river delta because the

A) at the base of a shifting sand duneB) at the rapids in a streamC) beneath a large glacierD) in a lake fed by a stream

37. The diagram below represents a cross section ofsedimentary deposits. Where would this type ofdeposition most likely occur?

A) the freezing and thawing of water occursB) the chemical breakdown of rocks occursC) a decrease in the speed of the agent of erosion

occursD) an increase in the physical weathering of rocks

occurs

38. Transported sediments are usually deposited atlocations in which

A) 110 cm/s B) 190 cm/sC) 325 cm/s D) 425 cm/s

39. What is the approximate minimum stream velocityneeded to keep a particle in motion that has adiameter of 10 centimeters?

A) velocity of the river waterB) hardness of the surface bedrockC) mineral composition of the sedimentD) temperature of the water

40. The cross section below illustrates the generalsorting of sediment by a river as it flows from amountain to a plain.

Which factor most likely caused the sediment to besorted in the pattern shown?

A) sand B) pebbleC) cobble D) boulder

41. What is the largest particle that can generally betransported by a stream that is moving at 200centimeters per second?

A) The density of the ocean water is greater thanthe density of the river water.

B) The kinetic energy of the particles increases asthe particles enter the ocean.

C) The velocity of the river water decreases as itenters the ocean.

D) The large particles have a greater surface areathan the small particles.

42. Why do the particles carried by a river settle to thebottom as the river enters the ocean?

A) boulders B) cobblesC) pebbles D) sand

43. A stream with a velocity of 100 centimeters persecond flows into a lake. Which sediment-sizeparticles would the stream most likely deposit firstas it enters the lake?

A) 10 cm/s B) 50 cm/sC) 100 cm/s D) 200 cm/s

44. What is the approximate minimum stream velocityneeded to keep a 6.4-cm-diameter particle inmotion?

45. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows a model used toinvestigate the erosional-depositional system of a stream. The model was tilted to create a gentleslope, and a hose supplied water to form the meandering stream shown.

A) decrease the temperature of the sediment B) decrease the slopeC) increase the size of the sediment D) increase the rate of the water flow

How can the model be changed to increase the amount of sediment transported by the stream?


46. What is the minimum stream velocity that wouldmaintain movement of a quartz cobble with adiameter of 10.0 centimeters?

A) erosion by the riverB) deposition within the riverC) large particles being carried by the riverD) dissolved material being picked up by the river

47. A decrease in a river's velocity will most likelyresult in more


48. What is the lowest stream velocity that would keep acobble-sized particle moving downstream?


49. Which stream velocity would transport cobbles, butwould not transport boulders?


50. The largest particles that a stream deposits as itenters a pond are 8 centimeters in diameter. Theminimum velocity of the stream is approximately

A) decrease in stream velocityB) decrease in stream widthC) increase in stream slopeD) increase in stream discharge

51. Which change at a particular location in a streamusually causes more sediments to be deposited atthat location?

1.base your answer to the following question on the 3.the ... · pdf filea)silt and clay...

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