19th century Art and Culture

4ESO History

Culture during the Industrial Revolution Education

• Before the 1800s, education was not free nor compulsory

• Governments began taking steps towards making education compulsory & accessible, especially those who worked in the factories

Great writers & scientists

Romanticism

Realism

World’s Fairs

Famous Minds of the 19th c.

Charles Darwin(England)

Victor Hugo(France)

Charles Dickens(England)

Romanticism: Romantic Painting• 1st half of the 19th century.

• Artistic & intellectual movement tied to the liberal revolutions of 1820, 1830, and 1848.

• Sought creative liberty anti-academic; opposite of neoclassicism.

• Celebrated nature and the rural lifestyle (as opposed to industrialized cities).

• Characteristics:

• Expresses moods and feelings

• Dramatic contrast between light and dark, colors

• Oriental & exotic elements

• Themes: wild and mysterious landscapes, scenes from national history, literature

The Raft of Medusa

Gericault (France)

Liberty Leading the People

Delacroix (France)

The Moon Rising over the Sea

Fredreich (Germany)

Realism: Realistic Painting• 2nd half of 19th century historical context: after Marx & Engels

published the “Communist Manifesto” in 1848, the labor movement grew exponentially. There was a constant push for workers’ rights and better living conditions.

• Sought a realistic representation of people and their lives.

• Themes: the work of the proletariat & peasants, the city, realistic landscapes.

• Total contrast to Romanticism:

• Represented nearby and current events

• Objectivity

• Social commentary

The Stonecutters

Courbet (France)

The Third Class Carriage

Daumier (France)

The Gleaners

Millet (France)

Realistic Landscape

● Sought to represent nature objectively

● Focus on formal elements of painting (setting the stage for Impressionism)

● Focus on light and time

● Open air painting

The Bridge of Mantes

Corot and the Barbizon

School

Memories of Mortefontaine

Corot and the Barbizon School

Activity1. Choose one of the following paintings.2. Determine whether it is romantic or realistic & give 2 reasons why.3. What feelings or social situations caused this style of art to become popular?

19th c. ArchitecturePracticality and function

Use of iron (Eiffel Tower, Estación de Atocha, etc.)

Historicism: return to styles of the past

Opera Garnier (Paris) Neo-Baroque

Palace of Westminster (London) Neogothic

Eiffel Tower

Estación de Atocha (Madrid)

The Chicago School (Architecture)

World’s Fairs• Huge international exhibitions where countries

showcase their achievements

• Chicago’s World Fair

• Celebrating the 400th anniversary of Columbus’s arrival to North America

• Neoclassical architecture, all white buildings

• 1st Ferris Wheel & 1st commercial movie theater

• And America’s 1st serial killer!!!

Surviving Buildings...

Palace of Fine Arts,

Now the Museum of Science & Industry

World’s Congress Building

Now the Art Institute of Chicago