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IEEE Switchgear Condition Monitoring, November 11, 1999 Pittsburgh 1

A Method of Selecting On-lineCondition Monitoring for

Substation Power Equipment.

W.J (Bill) BergmanPower System Solutions

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Basis of Presentation

Canadian Electricity Association (CEA)CEA Project No. 485T1049 On-lineCondition Monitoring of Substation PowerEquipment - Utility Needs January 1997.

Draft IEEE C37.10.1 Guide to SelectingMonitoring for Power Circuit Breakers

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Broader View of Monitoring

View in context of substation automation On-line condition monitoring SCADA

Intelligent electronic devices (IED) Automated meter reading (AMR) (customer & system) Environmental data Combine above to leverage greater value from

individual monitoring investments and goals

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Substation/Transmission Automation

Means of combining data to improveavailable informationMeans of extracting data to gain relevantinformation and avoid duplication ofmonitoringMeans of directing information to most

appropriate location/user (i.e. operations,maintenance, business, etc.)

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Purposes of Monitoring

Reduce or avoid forced outages,Improve safety to personnel and theenvironment,Improve equipment or power systemutilization,Improve equipment or power systemavailability, (and reliability), andOptimize maintenance costs

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Basis of Selecting Monitoring

Principles of Reliability CenteredMaintenance (RCM) including: Failure Modes and Effects (Criticality)

Analysis FMEA or FME(C)AValue-based Asset ManagementReview of failure statistics

Combine existing available & new signalsCommercially products available ?

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Reliability Centered Maintenance

Directed at preservation of functionIntended as a logic structure for value based

maintenance selectionTechnique can be used to identify designimprovements and select monitoring

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Reliability Centered Maintenance

Select RCM system boundaries andinterfacesDefine functionsFailure Modes, Effects, Criticality AnalysisMatch appropriate maintenance andinspection tasks to failure causes (RCM)Match on-line condition monitoring tofailure characteristic (Monitor Selection)

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Failure Modes and Effects(Criticality) Analysis - FME(C)A

Identify functionsIdentify failure modes

Identify failure causesIdentify effects of failure modesIdentify criticality or risk

Select on-line monitoring to match characteristic of developing failure cause(s)

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Risk MatrixRisk Matrix

(Risk probability * consequences)

Probability

Consequence I

Frequent

II

Probable

III

Occasional

IV

Remote

V

Improbable1

CatastrophicA A A B B

2

CriticalA A B B C

3Moderate

A B B C C4

NegligibleB C C C C

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Failure Statistics Sources

CEA Forced Outage Performance ofTransmission Equipment for 5 yr periods

CIGRE Circuit Breaker and TransformerSurveysIEEE 463-1990 Recommended Practice

for the Design of Reliable Industrial andCommercial Power Systems

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CANADIAN ELECTRICAL ASSOCIATIONEQUIPMENT RELIABILITY INFORMATION SYSTEM

FORCED OUTAGE PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENTMAJOR COMPONENT

TRANSMISSIONLINES

CIRCUITBREAKERS

CABLE SHUNTREACTOR

BANK

CAPACITORBANK

TRANSFORMERS

ONE THREEPHASE

ELEMENT

THREESINGLE PHASE

ELEMENTS

BULKOIL

MINIMUMOIL

AIR BLAST SF6LIVE TANK

VACUUM OTHERSF6DEAD TANK

VOLTAGE CLASSIFICATION IN kV

110-149 150-199 200-299 300-399 500-599 600-799

ALL INTEGRAL SUBCOMPONENTS ALL TERMINAL EQUIPMENT

WOOD STEEL

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Combining of Signals (example)

interrupter gas pressure interrupter gas temperature

with the addition of time

interruptergas density

interruptergas density

gasleakagerate predictionof fill time

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Value Based (Cost/Benefit) Analysis

Areas of Value (Cost & Benefit) Inspection Maintenance Consequences of Failure

Important to include ALL costs since thisforms the pool of costs that can bereduced by monitoring

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Inspection Costs Considerations

Actual inspection laborTravel time and costsContractor servicesTraining time and costsReporting & analyzing results, technicaland management support of inspectionactivitySupport personnel

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Maintenance Costs Considerations

Power system outage costs e.G.Increased losses, loss of revenue

Actual maintenance laborTravel time and costsContractor servicesTraining time and costs

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Maintenance Costs Consideration(contd)

spare parts management, procurement,warehousing, delivery, interest

preparation of power system switching schedules

and orders, issuing of safe work permits Powersystem switching effort, installation and removalof workers protective grounding

power system outage costs e.g. increased losses,loss of revenue

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Failure Resolution Considerations

Actual failure analysis, rebuild/repair laborTravel time and costs

Contractor servicesPower system outage costs, e.g. increasedlosses, loss of revenue

In and Out costs of failed equipmentand replacement equipment, transportation

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Conclusions

Significant benefits to appropriately appliedmonitoring

Need timely information - not more dataMake better use of existing signals & dataCondition monitoring is a joint effort

between manufacturers (OEM and 3rd parties, utilities (equipment, P&C,communications) and software developers

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Conclusions

RCM & FMEA (and later RCFA) providelogic structure for application of monitoring

Significant benefit to standards - particularly transducers, communications protocol & data management

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Recommendations

Individual on-line monitoring efforts needto integrate with the larger and longer termissues of substation and transmissionautomation.

Utilities need to define long term desired

outcomes for on-line monitoring

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RecommendationsApply condition monitoring in context ofRCM and FME(C)A Use Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM),

a concept directed at preserving function Use Failure Mode & Effects Criticality

Analysis (FMECA) directed at identifyingspecific failure causes of functional failuremodes , suggested as a strategy for identifyingand selecting condition monitoringopportunities

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Recommendations

Develop standards for hardware, softwareand communications protocols

Incorporate future on-line conditionmonitoring into integrated substationautomation SCADA, metering, datacollection, and protection & controls

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Recommendations

Continue to extract or develop informationfrom available data within the substation

Make better use of existing data supplemented with additional easily obtaineddata/information

Expert systems need to be developed foron-line monitoring to translate data rapidlyinto recommended action.

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Recommendations

Optimize costs with ability to use a steppedor modular approach to on-line conditionmonitoring implementation.

Develop improved monitoring sensors

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Recommendations

Standardize and expand on failure /diagnostics reporting

Further research on failure mechanisms andfailure patterns (associated time to failureand degree of warning knowledge)

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References

CEA Project No. 485T1049 On-lineCondition Monitoring of Substation PowerEquipment - Utility Needs January 1997CEA Forced Outage Performance ofTransmission Equipment for PeriodsJanuary 1, 1988 to December 31, 1992

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References

IEEE C37.10.1 draft Guide for selectingmonitoring for Power Circuit Breakers Aimed at guiding users in the selection and

application of monitoring to circuit breakers. Based on FMEA , Risk management and

Economic analysis

Draft stage

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References

CSA CAN/CSA-Q634-M91Risk AnalysisRequirements and Guidelines

IEC 812 Analysis techniques for systemreliability - Procedure for failure mode andeffects analysis (FMEA)IEC 1025 Fault tree analysis (FTA)

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References

The First International enquiry on CircuitBreaker Failures & Defects in Service

ELECTRA No. 79, Dec 1985, pp 21 - 91.{20,000 circuit breakers of all types >63 kVfor the years 1974 through 1977; (77,892circuit-breaker-years)}

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References

Final Report of the Second InternationalEnquiry on High Voltage Circuit BreakerFailures, CIGRE Working Group 13.06Report, June 1994. {18,000 single pressureSF6 circuit breakers >63 kV for the years1988 to 1991; (70,708 circuit-breaker-

years)}

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References

An International Survey on Failures inLarge Power Transformers in Service -Final report of Working Group 05 ofCIGRE Study Committee 12(Transformers), published in Electra No.88, January 1983.

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References

IEEE 463-1990 Recommended Practicefor the Design of Reliable Industrial andCommercial Power Systems

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References

IEEE C37.10-1996 Guide for circuit breaker diagnostics and failureinvestigationIEEE 1325-1996 Recommended practicefor reporting failure data for power circuit

breakers

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References

ANSI/IEEE C57.117-1986 (Reaff 1992),Guide for Reporting Failure Data forPower Transformers and Shunt Reactors onElectric Power SystemsANSI/IEEE C57.125-1991, Guide forFailure Investigation, Documentation, andAnalysis for Power Transformer and ShuntReactor

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IEEE S itchgear Condition Monitoring No ember 11 1999 Pittsb rgh 36

Reference

Assessment of Reliability Worth inElectric Power Systems in Canada(NSERC Strategic Grant STR0045005Prepared by the Power System ResearchGroup, University of Saskatchewan, June1993)

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