1960’s (1962-1975)1960’s (1962-1975)CulturalCulturalSexualSexual

and Socialand SocialRevolutionsRevolutions

The Feminine MystiqueThe Feminine Mystique

Written in 1963Written in 1963 Betty FriedanBetty Friedan Claimed that women were capable of Claimed that women were capable of

handling issues outside the homehandling issues outside the home Freed women from being strictly Freed women from being strictly

‘homemakers’ in post war America‘homemakers’ in post war America

FeminismFeminism

A collection of A collection of social theories and social theories and political political movements to movements to equalize the sexesequalize the sexes

In the 1960’s In the 1960’s women sought women sought education, a place education, a place in the workforce in the workforce and equal payand equal pay

Beatle ManiaBeatle Mania

Appeared on the Appeared on the Ed Sullivan Show in in 19641964

John Lennon, Paul John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George McCartney, George Harrison, and Harrison, and Ringo StarrRingo Starr

Caused a sensation Caused a sensation in the United in the United States States

John GlennJohn Glenn

First man to orbit First man to orbit the Earththe Earth

Beat the Russians Beat the Russians in that aspect of in that aspect of the Space Racethe Space Race

Aboard shuttle Aboard shuttle Friendship 7 Friendship 7 (Mercury program)(Mercury program)

February 20, 1962February 20, 1962

Warren ReportWarren Report Founded November 26, 1963Founded November 26, 1963 Investigating the Kennedy Assassination Investigating the Kennedy Assassination Found Lee Harvey Oswald Acted AloneFound Lee Harvey Oswald Acted Alone All shots had been fired from the Texas All shots had been fired from the Texas

Book DepositoryBook Depository Found that the Secret Service had been at Found that the Secret Service had been at

fault for the assassinationfault for the assassination All files were sealed by executive order of All files were sealed by executive order of

President Johnson for 75 years (2039)President Johnson for 75 years (2039) The files are scheduled for release to the The files are scheduled for release to the

public in 2017public in 2017

Cesar ChavezCesar Chavez 1927-19921927-1992 Founded the National Founded the National

Farm Workers Farm Workers AssociationAssociation

Leader for the Mexican-Leader for the Mexican-American civil rights American civil rights movementmovement

Fought for higher wages Fought for higher wages for migrant workers for migrant workers

Hailed as one of the Hailed as one of the greatest Civil Rights greatest Civil Rights leaders since Martin leaders since Martin Luther King Jr.Luther King Jr.

1964 Election1964 Election

Lyndon B. Johnson-Lyndon B. Johnson-DemocratDemocrat

Barry Goldwater-Barry Goldwater-RepublicanRepublican

Goldwater was Goldwater was painted as a radical painted as a radical and a hothead who and a hothead who would lead to would lead to nuclear warnuclear war

Johnson’s Great SocietyJohnson’s Great Society Medicare/medicade Medicare/medicade

Infant mortality rate dropped by 33%Infant mortality rate dropped by 33% Food StampsFood Stamps Head Start programHead Start program Job CorpsJob Corps

For people who dropped out of high schoolFor people who dropped out of high school VISTA’s (Volunteers in Service to America)VISTA’s (Volunteers in Service to America)

Domestic Peace CorpsDomestic Peace Corps Highway Beautification Act 1967Highway Beautification Act 1967

Placed regulations on billboardsPlaced regulations on billboards Immigration ReformImmigration Reform National Origins Act (1920)National Origins Act (1920)

Set quotas on nationalities; eliminated in 1960Set quotas on nationalities; eliminated in 1960 Vietnam erodes the Great Society and America loses trust Vietnam erodes the Great Society and America loses trust

in LBJin LBJ

Johnson and Civil RightsJohnson and Civil Rights Civil Rights Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 1964

Strengthens the governments ability to Strengthens the governments ability to intervene in voting rightsintervene in voting rights

Outlaws segregation in public accommodationsOutlaws segregation in public accommodations Establishes the Equal Employment Opportunity Establishes the Equal Employment Opportunity

CommissionCommission Voting Rights Act of 1965Voting Rights Act of 1965

Prohibits the use of Literacy Tests in the southProhibits the use of Literacy Tests in the south Thurgood Marshall-1967Thurgood Marshall-1967

First African-American Supreme Court JusticeFirst African-American Supreme Court Justice Civil Rights Act of 1968Civil Rights Act of 1968

Prohibits discrimination in housingProhibits discrimination in housing

Watts RiotsWatts Riots August 11-17, 1965August 11-17, 1965 People began rioting People began rioting

over the ‘racism’ of over the ‘racism’ of the police departmentthe police department

Of 205 police officers Of 205 police officers in the district only 5 in the district only 5 were African-Americanwere African-American

99% African-American 99% African-American populationpopulation

34 people killed (28 34 people killed (28 African-Americans)African-Americans)

$35 million in $35 million in damages over the 6 damages over the 6 daysdays

Counter CultureCounter Culture Haight-Ashbury, San Haight-Ashbury, San

FranciscoFrancisco Epicenter for the Beat Epicenter for the Beat

Movement and hippiesMovement and hippies 1967-Summer of Love1967-Summer of Love

Reaction against social Reaction against social norms and the rigid rules norms and the rigid rules of the 1950’s of the 1950’s

Used drugs, music and Used drugs, music and equal rights to rebelequal rights to rebel

Music-Jimmy Hendrix, Music-Jimmy Hendrix, Bob Dylan, and Janis Joplin, and Janis Joplin

Equal Rights-feminist Equal Rights-feminist movement and Civil Rightsmovement and Civil Rights

The DraftThe Draft

Instituted at the Instituted at the beginning of the beginning of the Vietnam WarVietnam War

College was the College was the only way to avoid only way to avoid the draftthe draft

People burned draft People burned draft cards in public cards in public

Stopped by Nixon in Stopped by Nixon in 19751975

Apollo IApollo I January 27, 1967January 27, 1967 3 astronauts on a training 3 astronauts on a training

missionmission Gus Grissom, Ed White, Gus Grissom, Ed White,

and Roger Chaffeeand Roger Chaffee Too much oxygen had Too much oxygen had

been pumped into the been pumped into the chamberchamber

Problems with the Problems with the communication system communication system and the suitsand the suits

A fire broke out in the A fire broke out in the command modulecommand module

Within 17 seconds the Within 17 seconds the entire crew was deadentire crew was dead

Columbia UniversityColumbia University

19681968 Columbia University take-overColumbia University take-over Students occupy the office of the Students occupy the office of the

President of the collegePresident of the college 1,000 students are protesting for civil 1,000 students are protesting for civil

rights and against the warrights and against the war

Bobby KennedyBobby Kennedy

Attorney General Attorney General under President under President KennedyKennedy

Major Civil Rights Major Civil Rights advocateadvocate

Responsible for the Responsible for the arrest of Teamster arrest of Teamster Jimmy HoffaJimmy Hoffa

Ran for Senate in Ran for Senate in 1964 from New 1964 from New YorkYork

Bobby vs. Organized CrimeBobby vs. Organized Crime Special TargetsSpecial Targets Sam Giancana (#4)Sam Giancana (#4)

Original case was tainted by Original case was tainted by the CIA and Kennedy had to the CIA and Kennedy had to start over againstart over again

Close with Frank SinatraClose with Frank Sinatra Sinatra was friends with the Sinatra was friends with the

Kennedy’sKennedy’s Tried to expose JFK’s Tried to expose JFK’s

womanizing by order of womanizing by order of GiancanaGiancana

A Spy in the President’s A Spy in the President’s BedroomBedroom

Judith CampbelJudith Campbel Jimmy HoffaJimmy Hoffa

Indicted for receiving $1 Indicted for receiving $1 million in illegal fundsmillion in illegal funds

Tried for Jury TamperingTried for Jury Tampering Convicted Convicted

Santos TrafficanteSantos Trafficante Helping the CIA with CastroHelping the CIA with Castro Kennedy kept raiding his Kennedy kept raiding his

operationsoperations Knew when he was beaten by Knew when he was beaten by

KennedyKennedy Carlos MarelloCarlos Marello

Technically not a US citizenTechnically not a US citizen Deported to Guatemala and Deported to Guatemala and

felt that he needed to get felt that he needed to get back at Kennedyback at Kennedy

By 1961 he was under 2 By 1961 he was under 2 indictments and decided to indictments and decided to lay lowlay low

Bobby Kennedy Cont’dBobby Kennedy Cont’d Running for the Running for the

Democratic candidacy Democratic candidacy for the 1968 Electionfor the 1968 Election

June 5, 1968-gave a June 5, 1968-gave a speech accepting the speech accepting the California primary California primary victoryvictory

Ambassador hotel in Ambassador hotel in Los AngelesLos Angeles

Assassinated by Assassinated by Sirhan B. Sirhan Sirhan B. Sirhan

Palestinian man angry Palestinian man angry about the US about the US involvement in Israelinvolvement in Israel

Theories on RFK AssassinationTheories on RFK Assassination

Theory 1: Edward G. Partin-claimed Hoffa Theory 1: Edward G. Partin-claimed Hoffa tried to hire him to kill RFKtried to hire him to kill RFK

FBI determined he was telling the truthFBI determined he was telling the truth Theory 2: Jose Aleman witnessed Theory 2: Jose Aleman witnessed

Trafficante threatTrafficante threat September 1962 “No Jose, you don’t September 1962 “No Jose, you don’t

understand, he’s going to be hit”understand, he’s going to be hit” Theory 3: Edward Becker-witness to Theory 3: Edward Becker-witness to

Marcello threat “if you chop off the tail, Marcello threat “if you chop off the tail, the dog will keep biting, you chop off the the dog will keep biting, you chop off the head the dog will die”head the dog will die”

1968 Election1968 Election

Democrat-Hubert Democrat-Hubert HumphreyHumphrey

Republican-Richard Republican-Richard NixonNixon

Independent-George Independent-George WallaceWallace

LBJ had withdrawn his LBJ had withdrawn his candidacy earlier in candidacy earlier in 19681968

Nixon became Nixon became PresidentPresident

Man on the MoonMan on the Moon

Apollo 11Apollo 11 July 20, 1969July 20, 1969 Neil Armstrong and Neil Armstrong and

Buzz AldrinBuzz Aldrin ““That’s one small step That’s one small step

for man, one giant for man, one giant leap for man kind”leap for man kind”

Fulfilled Kennedy’s Fulfilled Kennedy’s prediction of landing prediction of landing on the moon by the on the moon by the end of the 1960’send of the 1960’s

WoodstockWoodstock

August 15-18, 1969August 15-18, 1969 Held in Bethal, New Held in Bethal, New

YorkYork 500,000 “flower 500,000 “flower

children” occupied a children” occupied a dairy farm for the 3 dairy farm for the 3 daysdays

1 died of a drug 1 died of a drug overdose, 1 fell off overdose, 1 fell off scaffolding, 1 was in a scaffolding, 1 was in a sleeping bag and run sleeping bag and run over by a tractorover by a tractor

A collection of bands A collection of bands and artists from around and artists from around the countrythe country

A culmination of the A culmination of the ‘hippie’ movement‘hippie’ movement

Relatively non-violentRelatively non-violent Tried to repeat it in Tried to repeat it in

19791979 Used ‘Hells Angels’ as Used ‘Hells Angels’ as

securitysecurity Ended up being a violent, Ended up being a violent,

non-Woodstock eventnon-Woodstock event

Apollo 13Apollo 13 Supposed to be the 3Supposed to be the 3rdrd

moon landing moon landing Manned by Jim Lovell, Jack Manned by Jim Lovell, Jack

Swigert, Fred Haise Swigert, Fred Haise April 14, 1970-Stirring of April 14, 1970-Stirring of

the oxygen tank caused an the oxygen tank caused an explosion explosion

Returned April 17, 1970Returned April 17, 1970 NASA’s “Most Successful NASA’s “Most Successful

Failure”Failure” Jack Swigert was elected to Jack Swigert was elected to

Congress from Colorado in Congress from Colorado in 19821982 Died of bone cancer Died of bone cancer

before he could take officebefore he could take office

Jack Swigert-August 30, 1931-December 27, 1982Denver, Colorado

Statue resides in Washington,DC. One of 2 Colorado StatuesOne of 2 statues that breaks The rules. The other is fromHawaii.

Kent StateKent State May 4, 1970May 4, 1970 Kent State University, OhioKent State University, Ohio Students were protesting the Students were protesting the

American invasion into CambodiaAmerican invasion into Cambodia May 1-demonstration in the May 1-demonstration in the

courtyardcourtyard May 2-mayor declares a state of May 2-mayor declares a state of

emergency and the National emergency and the National Guard is sent to Kent StateGuard is sent to Kent State

May 3-Rally is organized and May 3-Rally is organized and broken up by tear gasbroken up by tear gas

May 4-Rally was scheduled at May 4-Rally was scheduled at noonnoon

National Guard was called to try National Guard was called to try to disperse the crowdto disperse the crowd

2,000 students had appeared to 2,000 students had appeared to protestprotest

Guards fired on the students and Guards fired on the students and 4 were killed4 were killed

Mary Ann Vecchio (14) over the body of Jeremy Miller. Photograph by John Filo. Won the Pulitzer Prize in 1970

Pentagon PapersPentagon Papers

Discussed US-Vietnam relations from Discussed US-Vietnam relations from 1945-19671945-1967

7,000 pages of top secret government 7,000 pages of top secret government documentsdocuments

Created a credibility gap between Created a credibility gap between what Johnson had told the public and what Johnson had told the public and what was happening in Vietnamwhat was happening in Vietnam

Leaked to the New York Times in 1971Leaked to the New York Times in 1971

1972 Olympics1972 Olympics Held in Munich, Held in Munich,

GermanyGermany First Olympics held in First Olympics held in

Germany since Hitler’s Germany since Hitler’s 1936 in Berlin1936 in Berlin

Black September-Black September-Terrorist OrganizationTerrorist Organization

Held 9 Israeli athletes Held 9 Israeli athletes hostage and killed 2 hostage and killed 2 others others

An unsuccessful rescue An unsuccessful rescue attempt led to the attempt led to the massacre of all the massacre of all the athletes and all but 3 athletes and all but 3 terrorists were killedterrorists were killed

OPECOPEC Organization of the Organization of the

Petroleum Exporting Petroleum Exporting CountriesCountries

International organization International organization including the following including the following countries:countries:

Iraq, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Indonesia, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Angola, Kuwait, Libya, Angola, Algeria, Nigeria, Qatar, Algeria, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and VenezuelaEmirates, and Venezuela

Decide on quotas for Decide on quotas for exportation of oil exportation of oil

1970’s-had a very strong 1970’s-had a very strong agreement and drove up agreement and drove up the price of oil and caused the price of oil and caused a gas shortage around the a gas shortage around the United StatesUnited States

Equal Rights AmendmentEqual Rights Amendment Equal Rights regardless of Sex Equal Rights regardless of Sex

(gender)(gender) Section 1.Section 1. Equality of rights Equality of rights

under the law shall not be under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the denied or abridged by the United States or by any State United States or by any State on account of sex.on account of sex.

Section 2.Section 2. The Congress The Congress shall have the power to shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of legislation, the provisions of this articlethis article..

Section 3.Section 3. This amendment This amendment shall take effect two years shall take effect two years after the date of ratification.after the date of ratification.

35 states ratified it of 3835 states ratified it of 38 5 of the 35 rescinded their 5 of the 35 rescinded their

votes before the 1982 votes before the 1982 deadlinedeadline

Nixon in ChinaNixon in China

February 21-28, February 21-28, 1972 1972

First step towards First step towards US/Chinese relationsUS/Chinese relations

US broke off US broke off relations with the relations with the Republic of China Republic of China (Taiwan) and (Taiwan) and committed itself to committed itself to the Peoples Republic the Peoples Republic of Chinaof China

StagflationStagflation

Out of control inflation along with Out of control inflation along with combined with slow output and rising combined with slow output and rising unemploymentunemployment

Began under Nixon’s Presidency in Began under Nixon’s Presidency in 19691969

Watergate ScandalWatergate Scandal

June 17, 1972 June 17, 1972 5 men were 5 men were

arrested for arrested for breaking into the breaking into the Democratic National Democratic National HeadquartersHeadquarters

They’d been there They’d been there on May 27 and 28 on May 27 and 28 and needed to fix and needed to fix the wiretapsthe wiretaps

Significance of WatergateSignificance of Watergate

Revealed the ‘dirty Revealed the ‘dirty tricks’ squad of tricks’ squad of CREEP (the CREEP (the Committee to Re-Committee to Re-Elect the President)Elect the President)

Enemies listEnemies list The Plumbers-to The Plumbers-to

plug leaks from the plug leaks from the Presidents officePresidents office

Secret slush fund Secret slush fund

““Deep Throat”Deep Throat” Gave anonymous Gave anonymous

tips to the tips to the Washington Post Washington Post that linked Nixon to that linked Nixon to the cover upthe cover up

William Mark Felt William Mark Felt Sr.Sr.

FBI 2FBI 2ndnd in Command in Command to J. Edgar Hooverto J. Edgar Hoover

Revealed himself in Revealed himself in May 2005May 2005

ResignationsResignations

April 30, 1973April 30, 1973 Nixon must ask for the resignations Nixon must ask for the resignations

of his top two aidsof his top two aids H.R. HaldemanH.R. Haldeman John EhrlichmanJohn Ehrlichman

Nixon’s InvolvementNixon’s Involvement

The TapesThe Tapes Nixon wanted his dealings to be saved for Nixon wanted his dealings to be saved for

‘posterities sake’‘posterities sake’ Archibald Cox-Attorney GeneralArchibald Cox-Attorney General Subpoenaed the tapesSubpoenaed the tapes Nixon refused to turn them over to Cox Nixon refused to turn them over to Cox Claimed executive privilegeClaimed executive privilege

Saturday Night Massacre-October 20, 1973Saturday Night Massacre-October 20, 1973 Nixon continued firing people until he could Nixon continued firing people until he could

find someone willing to fire Coxfind someone willing to fire Cox

Watergate ScandalWatergate Scandal

United States v. NixonUnited States v. Nixon July 24, 1974July 24, 1974 Decided that Nixon’s Decided that Nixon’s

claims of executive claims of executive privilege in not privilege in not releasing the tapes releasing the tapes was voidwas void

July 30, 1974-Nixon July 30, 1974-Nixon released the tapes released the tapes

Mysteriously 19 Mysteriously 19 minutes of the tapes minutes of the tapes had been deleted had been deleted

Nixon’s ResignationNixon’s Resignation July 27, 1974 July 27, 1974 House began House began

impeachment process impeachment process voting 27 to 11 to impeachvoting 27 to 11 to impeach

Nixon was to be charged Nixon was to be charged with obstruction of justice, with obstruction of justice, abuse of power and abuse of power and contempt of congresscontempt of congress

August 8, 1974-Nixon August 8, 1974-Nixon announced he would announced he would resign as President resign as President effective August 9 at nooneffective August 9 at noon

September 8, 1974-Nixon September 8, 1974-Nixon was pardoned by President was pardoned by President Gerald Ford Gerald Ford