1920s – republican decade the russian revolution vladimir lenin promised to end russian...
TRANSCRIPT
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1920s – Republican Decade
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The Russian Revolution
Vladimir Lenin promised to end Russian participation in WWI
Bolsheviks gain control in November 1917
Soviets placed property, industry, transportation etc. under government control
Civil War 1918-1920 - Mensheviks vs. Bolsheviks
Cold War begins - U.S troops helped Mensheviks
Mensheviks lose – Soviet Union created
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The Red Scare Communism terrified Americans
1. Government owned all land & property
2. One political party controlled government
3. Individuals had no rights
4. Vowed to stir revolutions and spread
Red Scare – fear of communism
spreading to the U.S
Gov’t sought out & expelled suspected
communists
Schenck vs. The United States
Palmer RaidsRed Scare returns after WWII
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Palmer Raids• June 1919—Bombs
exploded in several U.S. cities
• Including one at the home of A. Mitchell Palmer, the Attorney General
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Palmer Raids• Palmer was convinced that radicals were
trying to overthrow the gov’t• He went on a campaign to root out anyone
that posed a threat to the U.S.• Targets included Communists, Socialists, &
anarchists• “Any movement, however, cloaked or
dissembled, designed to undermine the gov’t, will be met w/ unflinching, persistent, aggressive warfare.”
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Palmer Raids• Jan. 2, 1920—Agents in 33 cities arrested
thousands of suspected radicals w/o evidence– Most were immigrants– Many were completely innocent– 500+ were deported
• Americans, including Palmer, expected the worst on May 1, 1920 (an annual Socialist holiday), but nothing happened & the press turned on Palmer
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Labor Strikes Post-WWI Labor Unrest
Myth - communists organized strikes
Fact - doubling in the cost of living w/o wage increases
Boston Police Strike – 1919
No pay increase since 1914
19 officers fired for union activity
Police force went on strike causing riots
Nat’l Guard sent to stop rioting & end strike
Strikes ended as 1920’s boom began
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Steel/Coal Strikes• 350K workers walk off job at U.S. Steel
Corporation (1919)– 65 hr/week on average; wanted 8-hr day
• Blamed on Communists
• Private police force killed 18 strikers & injured hundreds
• African American workers brought in to break strike
• Strikers give up after 10 weeks
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Strikes Decline• Most Americans opposed strikes
– Seen as un-American & likely to violence
• Distrust of labor unions• Linked to radicalism and communism• Union membership peaked in 1920, then dropped
– 5 million workers in 1919-1920 (height of Red Scare)
• Economy improved over course of 1920s– Higher wages
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Nativism
Foreigners could never be fully loyal to the U.S.
Slums, corruption & crime blamed on immigrants
Workforce feared loss of jobs to lower paid immigrants
Increase in:
– Patriotism
– Anti-Catholicism; Anti-Semitism
– Fear of losing jobs
– Red Scare & radicalism
Quotas placed on annual immigration
350K foreigners per year
Immigrants from SE Europe (Italy, Poland and Russia) had lower quotas
Asian immigrants were banned entirely
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Republican Leadership Public turned to Republican Party amidst Red Scare, strikes,
overseas revolution etc.
1921-1933 - Republicans dominated all 3 branches of government
Republicans united in basic goals
Favored business & wanted economic growth
Desired social stability
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Harding & Coolidge Presidencies
Isolationism
Avoid foreign political & economic alliances (no League of Nations)
Disarmament – call on nations to voluntarily give up their weapons
Laissez Faire approach to business
Government should not interfere &
regulate business/economy
Approach fueled the business boom
of the decade – The
Roaring Twenties
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The End