19.2 ming & qing china. fall of yuan dynasty 1368 – bubonic plague chinese-led peasant army...
TRANSCRIPT
19 .2
MING & QING CHINA
FALL OF YUAN DYNASTY
• 1368 – Bubonic Plague
• Chinese-led peasant army revolts and throws Mongols out of China.
MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)
• Ming = “brilliant”• Founded by Zhu Yuan
Zhang• A Chinese commoner, led
army to capture capital city (Dadu)
• Proclaimed himself Emperor Hong Wu
• Changes: • Brought stability & peace• Reintroduced Confucianism• Centralized the
government• Increase economy through
agriculture
MING SOCIETY & CULTURE
• Emperor Yong Le organized Chinese encyclopedia… 23,000 manuscript rolls!! • Novels• Silks
MING EXPLORATION
• Zheng He• Sent on 7 expeditions (1405-1433) • Emperor wanted to control trade in Indian Ocean• Commanded 317 ships w/ 28,000 soldiers• Traveled to: • Southeast Asia• India• Persian Gulf• Arabia• East Africa
• Used diplomacy over force, when possible• Trips ended in 1430s – too expensive,
refocus on agriculture (even destroyed maps!)
Columbus’ Ship
Zheng He’s Ship
1421: The Year China Discovered America (by Gavin Mendies)
• Argues that Zheng He actually reached America first.
• Records supposedly destroyed, colonies forgotten
Answer Question
#1
Answer Question
#2
THE FORBIDDEN CITY
• Yong Le moved capital city to newly-rebuilt Beijing• Forbidden City =
complex of palaces, great halls, courtyards, gardens, moats• 30 ft. high walls• City within a city• Outer layer had high-
ranking officials• Within inner red wall lived
the emperor’s family (only eunuchs allowed)
Answer Question
#3
DOWNFALL OF THE MING
Lavish living & feasting
Raising taxes on
commoners
Peasant unrest
Corruption & Inefficiency
weaken borders
MANCHU INVASION
QING DYNASTY (1644-1911)
• Qing = “pure”• 2nd time foreigners ruled China• Extended Chinese territory to: • Tibet, Manchuria, Mongolia, Taiwan
Answer Question
#4
MANCHU MEETS CHINESE
Manchus Chinese
Supported by Ming
bureaucrats tired of
corruption
Ruling Elite
Outlawed marriage
between Manchus
& Chinese
Outnumbered
Manchus 30 to 1
Men forced to
shave heads
(except for queue)
“Keep your hair and lose
your headOr
Lose your hair and keep your
head”
Answer Question
#5
Answer Question
#6
QING POLICIES
• Emperor Kangzi• Organized flood control &
irrigation projects• Confucian scholar
• Labor-intensive farming• Internal trade (specialization)• Europeans came beginning
in Ming Dynasty, looking for: • Tea• Porcelain• Silk
• Policy of Isolation• Called Europeans “ocean
devils” • Refused to trade with outsiders
IN-CLASS PROMPT
• Role: Newspaper Writer• Audience: Newspaper
Readers• Format: Eulogy• Topic: Praise the
strengths & criticize the weaknesses of either the Ming or Qing Dynasties. • Include: two strengths, two
weaknesses, three policies or changes
Grading Rubric
Qualities Points
Excellent Depth of thought2 strengths2 weaknesses3 policies/changesCreative & neat
10
Ok Depth of thoughtSome strengths, weaknesses, policies/changesSome errors
7
Assignment was attemptedToo rushed (little depth)Minimal detailsMany errors
5