HPOFYJIKH HO HEBCKOMY IIPOCIIEKTY

A.4b6un Konetinbtù

B 1713 r. 1 (no npyrim HcTotunficam 2 B 1712 r.) 6mna npopy6nena B necy BonbumA nepcneicrínmag (nepainewrimnam) nopora, Benyuma OT AnmHpan-TeficTna K AneKCallApO - HeBcKOMy monacTuplo, xoTopasi B 1738 r. nonyxnum ocimuganhHoe Hanamle HericKoil nepcnexTimm, a B Konne XVIII nepeHmeHo-nana B HeBCKHH npeumeKT (npocnexT).

ilpH naBJle I B 1800 F. BROJIb npocneicra (no o6eHm cToponam) ycipoium anneH 3 H 3HamemiToe nepsomaikicoe ExaTepiniroitcAoe rynanhe Brieptime 6bulo nepeHeceHo B ropo).

C Tex nop, KaK limnepaTop Haien flerpormg nonapHn EKaTepímroch H AH-

HeHrocp KHAMO rarapHHy H rpactiy flaneHy, maticKoe rynaHbe H rynAlibe B

Tpoptgbm aesib npostexoasIT pKe He B EKarepriHrock, a 6bino 1-ro man 1800 r. Ha HeBCKOM npocneKTe. BoraTble ammanco TAlly1114Cb B ;aia tutta oT 3eneHoro mocTa, mepe3 Bonbuipo H Manyío Canoaro Bnonb EKaTepHHHHcKoro KaHana, Ha Uapitubm nyr. Horsoe yKpaweime amis. yamibi, T. e. FICBCK0F0

npocneK'ra, maestrali o6ownoch B 60 TbICAM py6srefi; oT Hero oco6eHHo sbl-

HrpanH o6biaaTenH, noTomy TaK41/44 o6pmom y MiX 'renepb non pyKoio nplinTHoe mecTo nnsi nporynoK. 4

HeBCKIA npocneKT npononcem B 1713 r. oT AnmHpanTegerna K nepensmHomy HeBCKOMy moHacTbipio; "no o6e cTopotim ceì y11111/kbl noca)KeHbI 61311111 Tonta *e 6e-pe3bl" (BawynKiA A. n. rlaHopama CaHKTne'rep6ypra. Cr16. 1834. il. 2, c. 130; CM. TaloKe: rpem A. H. Becb rlerep6ypr B KapmaHe. Cr16. 1851, c. 385).

2 C. r. PyHKeimm B cTaTbe "RayxcurneTHHii ro6fineii HeBcKoro npocnelera. 1712-1912", OCHOBblBaSICb Ha apX1113HbIX MaTeprianax AneKcaHnpo-HeacKai nanphi, yraep*- per, erro npoceKa K moHaerbipio 6bina npono*eHa a 1712 r. He nnelmbimii menami'', a moHaxamH (Hosoe 'Tema. 1912. 11 (24) oKTn6pn).

3 rpeti A. H. Becb rleTep6ypr B KapMaHe. CII6. 1851, c. 385.

4 Pefimepc. Ilerep6ypr npia 14MnepaTope rlaane rlerpomige a 1796-1801 rr. / Flep. c Hem. // PyccKan cTapima 1883. T. 39. Ni 7-9, c. 474.

350

A.41,611H KOHeYHbili

H3BCCTHbIe HO nHTepaType AlleBHLIC nporynxx (C gsyx go gemme nacos) nO J1e13011 COJIHCIHOLÌ CTOp011e HeBCKOFO OT lionneficKoro (HmHe: 3eneHoro) AO AHVITIKOBH mocTa BOLIIJIH B mogy B napcmoBaHHe Anexcaligpa I, KOTOpb111

J1106HJI 137.1151Tb HO AHrsmilciami Ha6epe7KHoil, Torga xce 110.11r1H.110 pacHpocTpa-HeHlle CJIOBO netuexoòe«. "Mo*Ho cmeno CKa3aTb, tuo TOJILKO Hoicpyr 314m-Hero gHopHa, Ha HCBCKOM npocnexTe HO AHHHKOBa MOCTa, B gsyx M0pCKHX 14

B AByX MILTIJIHOHIMIX 6bIlIa EBpona, — BCHOMHHaeT BynrapHH ropog Hanana XIX nexa, — ganee nonciogy Hhirnsighinana AUDI 14 cTapHHHasi npeònempoe-

Clalfl Pycb, C CB0e10 II0J1yILHKOCTLIO 14 HonynapHapcmom". 5 Hocne Toro, KaK B 1805 r. nocpega Hpocnewra 6bina npono)KeHa annem

OT HonmgeficKoro go AHnxixosa mocTa 6 CTpaxoB C Hpoimeil oTmenan:

Haum Tepg.rni ACH3Hb CH)I10‘1H, a HblHe Hacran BeK noTepg °Hai cro-

xogg H BHe goma. TIporynxa pacnonaraer BCeM o6pa3oM >1013H14 ) 10 TaK0l7

crenerob ‘-TO BCAKOMy nprie3)Kemy H RaBHO 3AeCb He 6b1BaBIlleMy HenpemeHHo

Hy*Ho npenke Bcex mecT WITH Ha fiy.amap. TaM OH y3HaeT, HblHe npocbi-

naroTcg B oggHHagnaTb gacos yrpa, HagmHaror nporynKg 13 gea vaca 3a nongeHb,

npogon*aror go gerbipex, cajwrci 3a CTOR B nwrb, KOHrlaT ohe) B rlaCOB;

noTom, KTO gpe3 )Ba, KTO gpe3 Tpg vaca, HO 110 ,1TH Bce 6eryr Ha 6y.ab“up, rge

°d'aromi nerom go oggHHagnaTg, a 3HM010 — go germg gacoB. [...] FITax, 6yi1h-

eap gng ripa3gHbix niogeti eC'I'b CpeJICTBO HIIKOrga He 6b1Tb e camgm co6oro, *e-

geTbmg, craphimm nprorrengmg, genamn N coBecTroo: BepHbdi cnoco6

BMecTo gecgTri go6pbix gen H ReCSITH 1-1051e3HbIX MblcneN, BO BeCb JCHb HH ogHoro

He cgenarb H HH He ByiIhOap cgenancsi cxogangem, KyRa ggyr

ToproBaTb cgacTge, noxynaTb Becenge, ripmneHgBaTbcg K Hailmy 14py3eil, HaHli-

MaTb H HaHHMaTbCA M -0611Tb! [...1 B moe BpeMA, Tal( Ha3b1Baemag A1-12.111IHCICCUI

lia6epexHaR nomwranacb nygwero nporynxoFo 60"111020 C6erila, a uo;in

rum) melme cmeng TOAbK0 nepegBgraTb ce6g no ita6epemcnoù nponme ✓lenmezo

caàa. Cun 6oraTbie paMbl 3epKan, o6Texaronnix H pncyrowux B ce6e npeneer-

Hun fleTep6ypr, HbIHe Flp0MeHAFIbl Ha fiynneaphi, He liMeKA_HHe oKpyr ce6g

~ero *HBOTO, xpome TOMIALHHXCA

B 1820 r. CBHHbHH B 3ameme "Hencimil npocneKT B HOBOM Huge" oTme-gasi HepemeHbi Ha napagHoil tiaem ynHubi:

B npowegwem mae mecgge HeBCKEIPI npocneKT, KaK HeKHHM ogaporiaHmem,

ripgroin HOBbIN, HecpaeHeHgo nytungii B14) k, ABHACH ripexpacHefiindo B cecre

ynnuelo, 13 noeti e)114HCTBeHHO Hygcganacb BengxonenHag crongna gng Top-

)1(eCTBeHHbIX cnriaes N Bble3PIOB. KaK 6ynTo no MaHOBeH1410 nomne6Horo >Kes.ria

mcge3 Bb1COKHil 6yaeBati, pa3aellABWHI1 ero Ha jne paBHble 110.110811Hb1, H Tenepb

5 BOCHOMHHaHHA (D'arnesi Bynrapkwa. CII6. 1846. il. 1, c. 199. 6 Fpen A. H. BeCb FleTep6ypr B KapmaHe. C116. 1851, c. 386.

' Orpaxol3 HmKonaii. Mon ne'rep6yprcxge cyMepKH. CI16. 1810. LI. 1, c. 29, 32, 76.

Ilpozymat no He6cicomy npocnelemy 351

y>Ke Ha meure ceM pa3be3>KatoT 3KHna>KH no rnanKoti MOCTOBOit CnpaBen-

IIHBOCTb Tpe6yer ()mimo 3aMeTlfrb, Tro ecnti 6ynetiap ceti crectisin nyinuyie B

minime ymAiy, TO 3NKJIFOLI3J1 JhnA newexontieB N HeKOTopble BblrOlIbI, KOHX He

npencratingtoT Tponapbi, cnenaHHbie Hb!He no o6eHM cTopoHam yntmbi. Bo-

nermix, newexoneg, LINA no HeM, He 66ui o6ecnoKoHBaem Bcrpeileio C Actina-

>Kem, KOHX 'renepb nosoKeH OH 6epegbcsi npli BCAKOM nepexone mtimo BOpOT non

nomamm BO-BTOpb1X, B30p ero .111060133JICA pOBHO 06e11MN cropoHamn yntuibi

HaKomett C 6yneBapom NC9e3He'r .11F06011bITHafl OTANLINTe.111,HOCTb ceri y.rumbi,

Hepenico cnyriaBwasicsi BecHoto, T. e., l'r0 Ha ONH011 cropoHe KaTanHcb eine B ca-

HAX, a no iipyroil HeCJINCb Ilbinb cron6om Kaper LI jipo>Keld HO rnamiati

;IRA K0e11, BepOATHO, 6b1J1 OH ycrpoeH, 4'to6bi newexonen BO BCAKOe Bpemz MOr

HaO'l'H 3necb ripHRTHoe N HOKOIIHOe ry.11AHbe — ocraBanacb HeBb1[10.11HCHHOKE HH

BeCHOIO, HN OCeHb10, Korga 13Cer0 6onee Hy>KHO yi)(96C/M60 yKNOHLITbCA 0'1' rpsi-

311, — Hellb3A 6b1J10 r104111 XONVITI, n0 6yJleBapy. B ceni OTHOLLIeHNII HbIHeWHHC

Tpuryapb1 HecpaBHeimo npeBocxonfflee – 6b10 BbIMOLILeHb1 linwramti, otui Bcerna

cyxH, iia>Ke nocne camoro CIANbH0r0 nonia

HCBCKNti npocneKT B umptmy ;manti" gerbipe ca>Ketm. R.ritiHa ero o'r

AjimmpanTericma no AHNLIKOBa mocry l BepcTa 435 ca>KeH, ort AnnitipanTeti-

cima NO 3HameHbA 2 Bepe rrbi 405 ca>KeH, no HeBCK0r0 moHaerbipsi 4 Bepcmi 185

ca>KeH (4, 6 KM. — A. K). CJIeN0BaTeJlbH0, OH ripeBocxoiittr ;IIINHOLO Bentiiiarunne

11OHNOHCKNe y.1111.1,61 — OKeffiopòcKpo N 17opm ✓ utiòckylo, N3 KONX neptiaz

OKONO 2 1 /4 Bepubi ;NINNOLO, a npyrasi c He6onbumm 2 1 /2 BepCTIN. CBepx 'l'oro,

HeBCKHO npocneK'l' He NMee'r eimHoo6pa3tim CNX ynmi, yronittrenbHoro ;visi

rna3 npti camori orpomHocrti H BentiKonernm 3namiti, KOH 6blB noriTH Bce

BbICOTH H onimaKoBoro Knpnwmoro tmera, ripeiieramtifoTcsi 6eCKOHCI-

Hb1M11 Ka3apmaniti. Hanpo'rHB Toro, y Hac, Kpome pa3H0o6pa3im apxwreKTypbi

'ocra nomoB, npen MHOITIMIL 3N31-11154M1I Ha ceti' yntnie HaxontiTcsi nnomanKti 14

ycryribi, KaK-TO: nepen Ka3aHcKum co6opoM, KirronttilecKylo RepKOBbIO, Poeta-

HbIM N130pom H NBOLLHOM BelINKOr0 KFIA3A HILKONLIA HaBLI0BNI13. 8 3elleHb RepeB,

KONMII yea>KCHO ripocrpaHmo me>imy flontutericKnm N AHNLIKOBIAM mocramti,

no o6eHM cropolum yntium y TparyapoB (9ticnom OK0110 500 ntm), n' Amaci'

H11 mano Kpaco'l' Ceti eNNHCTBeHHOil yntitie. CHepx Toro, 01111 He 6yny'r JbonycKa'l'b

F161.11b ripotinKarb B NOMbl. HATbNeCHT choHapert c peeep6epami4, 9 11pNBellleHNbIX

Ha gyryimbix c1'on6ax vi3sintHoil cptirypbi (13b1IIIITbIX Ha 3aBone r. KnapKa,

pHCyHKaM HH)KeHep-matiopa Ba3eg), 6ynyr pa3nimarb ApKNN CBCT Ha CCM npo-

urpaHurBe ynNll , bl. KII*NbIll 113 CM( CTOJI606 Hmeci"rpn ca>Ketm B Bb111114Hy H no-

CTaBlieli Ha rpaHHTOBOM FlbeNeCTaNe Bb111114H010 OK0110 1 1/2 apumti.

Ynium cinsi yKpacwrcz elle 6onee, Korna Ha Ka3aHcKori nnoutaim nocramiTcsi

ripennono>KeHHmil moHymettr KHA3F0 Kyry30By-CmoneHcKomy H AHIINKOB

MOC'I' nepenenaercB BO BCIO umpimy ynntibi, n0n0600 flontineticKomy. >Kena-

8 HMeeTCA B mmy AHNIAKOB 14I3Opelb KoTopmil B 3'1'14 ronbi riptillanne*an HtiKonato

FIaBnomigy.

9 PeBep6ep — 3Jhecb: pechneKTop.

352

A.4b61111 KOHeqHbla

TeB6H0 Talotte, 4T06b1 rocnoRa xo3setsa ROMOB 83511114 npttmep C r. ,IkaHHBOBa,

yerpomBwero Ro*ReBble Tpy661 y cBoero Roma, LITO Ha CaROBOil H Ha boHTaHKe,

TaKHM O6pa3OM, 4'1'0 Bona C KpbnneK creicaeT nos Tponapb1 H He o6ecnoKoHT HH mano ry.1151101BHX HO HHM. I°

A B 1830 r. ra3eTa "CesepilaK miena" coo6inana:

HeacKHA npocneKT B C. TIeTep6ypre ecTb 6e3 COMHeHP1Anytnam yntuta B MHpe, KaK no npaBH.nbHocTH, WIHHe H wHpitHe CBOeti, TaK H HO KpacoTe, BeRHK011e-

nmo 3JIaHHN. ilkBe OKOHCIHOCTH HeBcKoro npocneKTa, AgmHpanTeftcTBo H HeacKHA moHacTbipb, coentuisnoTcsi morti BeJIH4eCTBeHH6IX itepKBert H 3,11aHliti,

menty KOHMH AHH4KOBCKH11 sBopen H rOCTHHbIti RBop 3aHHMaIOT nepBoe mecTo. HpHcosoKynTe K 3Tomy HoBocTposutHrICA TeaTp,I i BennKonentible Mo-CM!, TpoTyap, MHO*CCTBO 60raTbIX Mara3HHOB, H BbI He HafiReTe HH B ORHOrl

CTO.TIHLke ~ero n0g06Hor0. HHOCTpaHLIbl HccTapn Ha3b1BatoT HCBCKH11 npo-cneKT punew eepomepnumocmu. 12 3/tecb Haxossfrcs Ka3aHcKHrt co6op, gep-KOBb 3HaMeHHA, ATICKCaHRpOHCBCKaSI naspa, nepKBH pitmcKo-KaTonHvecKas, ntoTepaHcKas H apmsticKas. 1103T mor 6b1 cmeno Ha3BaTb Heaciod npocneKT òyulow IleTep6ypra. 3Aech cpeRoTotwe Toprowni H o6utee co6paHHe *wreneit' no genam H gas nporynKH B Asamaym Hawy 3HMy. KTO 6b111 ORHa)K11b1 B Ile- Tep6ypre, TOT scnomptHaeT o HeBCKOM npocneKTe, KaK noceTHTenb IlapkoKa o Mane-Poswe. 13

Ranee B 3ameTKe rosoppucK, trro "r. Hpeso, HaA3HpaTenb BLICTaBKB

Ilp0143BeTkeil14ti pyccKnx XMOACHIIKOB, smyman 113AaTb pliCyHOK HeBCKOTO

npocneKTa B Bige naHopaMbl. [...] Hcnonnexxe cero npeAnpusrrin nopytieno pyccKnm xyAwlan4Kam rr. CMOBHIIKOBy H HBaHOBy".

B 1830-1835 rr. xyAwfanualm HBaHOBLIMII ITO aKAapensim B. C. CaTtos-xliKoHa 6bina Ficnonnena orpomnaK nanopama (6onee 15 M. B Anliny) HeB-cKoro npocneKTa OT AANnyanTeticTsa Ao 49(mrnum4. 14 B nepsoil BOBOBBBe

1() GregecTBeHHbie 3anHcKH 1820. M 2, c. 342-346. I l AJICKCaH1WHHCKH11 TeaTp. 12 cp- . :" BbIR Ra*e npoeKT, npeRno)KeHHbiti oitHHm c4paH1(y3om, nepemeturrb Ha3-

BaHme HeBcKoro npocneKTa Ha Rue de tolerance, T. e. paBeHcTBa, npitgem HOBOROM K

noRo6Homy Ha3BaHtuo OH yKa3b1Ball Ha cyutecTBytow,He Ha HeBCKOM tmocTpaHHble 1tepKBH: KaTonHmecKylo, snoTepaHcKyto, npoTecTatrrcKyto H apMTIHCKyFO. Hp0eKT 3.roT, KOHCIHO, 661n oTBeprHyT" - CeBepnee (TIonHnoB) r. T. C.-HeTep6ypr B Hamane XIX BeKa // kleropmecKHA BeCTHHK 1903. T. 92. Mak, c. 621.

13 CMecb // CeBepHaH wiena 1830. 4 mapTa. 14 CM.: [CagOBBBKOB B. Hattopama HeBcKoro npocneKTa. BocnpoH3BejteHHe

JIHTOrpaChH11, HC11011HeHH6IX 14. I4BaHOBbIM H FI. 1,1BanoBbim no aKBapensm B. C. CaJI0B-

HHKOBa H 143)1(aHHble A. M. lipeBo B 1830-1835 rr. JI. 1974.

17po2pucu no Heockohty npocnelcmy 353

XIX B. 3apgcomg HeecKoro ripocneKTa OCTaBHBH xyTkoxagiKg: H. (1). Anche-

poB, B. BapT, K. 11. Berrpos, JI. JI. BOHLUTORT, T. A. BacHnbes, K. BanbcP, M. r. Jlopll-cbm, A. E. MapTburos, <D. K. Heemos, B. HaTepceH, Mon» 3aMeTHM, TITO sce XyROACHHKH 34HKCHp0BaJIH FlOBCKHil FJ1aBHIAM O6pa3OM Ha

riacTKe OT MOI1KH «OHTaHKH.

IlynixapeB HpHBOTHIT onvicatme HescKoro KOHna 1830-x FO)a0B:

BOT Hel3CKIA npocneKT, npegmer BoReeenefi, anerpamm, noeerreti N pac-

CKa3013. He 6b1BaBLITH Ra>Ke B Flerep6ypre, Bbl mower 6bITb csibiwane o HeBCKOM

npocneKTe 13 KaKal-HH6yRb OTHWICHHOil RepeeeebKe, B Kpyry cemetirre,

nocenkamex Hawy ceeepeyie rronegy. Tio6phie nomengiKe n106eT paaeneKaTb

ogeoo6pa3ge CellbCK0g )KH3HH, cKyKy cemeilablx Bevepos pa3roBopamm o HeB- CKOM npocneKTe, O MAIIIHOCTH N BeAHKOACH1111 ero mamme" KOHRHTepCKHX,

FOCTHHHH, O KpacoTe H HOBKOCTH maramegnig H He06b1KHOBeHH011 ycny>K-

111,1BOCTI1 maraameigeKoe, O ripeeocxoReoll nepcneKTmee nne nporynoK, nne

flpHATHbIX ouAytueHafi. Ho cripasegnaaocTu, HeecKeil ripocneKT aacny*Hearr

oco6efleoe eemmaege H noceTzTensi-npoemegnana H ea6nronaTeng-Kocmo-

nanna; ORFIVI Ha3b1BaKTI . aTy mem-1yr° yneny 3HaMeHHTOK) o6nacTkno mon,

npyree 60.AMBHM eaponeficKam pb1HKOM; HO Ka)KeTcz npou.e H cripaeeRngeee

cKa3aTb, 3'l'O o6eTenb pyCCKOfi menKofi npombneneeeorre, nepeigeRupti

ciona C BOabL11011 CaROB011 ynklikbl H riepepeRNBIllelICA B georrpaefibill KOCTIOM

page cnenoro nopipa*agin. Or AgmmpanTeficKoro 6ynbeapa )p AHWIKOBa

morra 13CA neeaz garrb H AaCTI, npaeoll rropoebi HeBcKoro npocneKTa yHM3aHbl

maraalmame noR HHOCTpaHHb1M14 BblBeCKaMH. CKBO3b 3epKaAbHble rreKna, KaK

13 KanefigocKone, necTpsyrcz 6noaRbi, len4NKH, aHrnaficKme rpaelophi, gercKee

nnaTbe, KOHCPeTbl, chpaegyacKee cropnpeabi, xpyrranbeble CKAAHOAKH, acKyc- CTI3eHlible geerbi, nappKcKee KyKAbl, nomenbebie 3y6m, napHKH, mexaewlecKne

xemegecKne gerrpymeeTbi, n ece a'l'o npeRcTaenzercz rnaaam eatnem B npki-

eneKaTenbeom BHJIe, neem oceeLgempe nymamg collega, HO W,10 ocnengTenb-

Hb1M 651eCKOM raia; maenT Boo6pa)KeHHe Baule, o6onmgar1' nyerrea H eonero

HAY1 eeeonelo, a Bbl aaimere B MOJ4Hb1N mara3aH H npmcsukeTe OTROXHyTb Ha

BblAaKlip0BaHHbIrl riprinaeoK. He yroneo nH BaM Kyr1HTb '-iero-wi6y)kb? FlpeR

13~4 Esce magenez eicyca, npexerre MORbl, H3ReAFIA C BOAWC6Hb1MH ripkina-

raTenbehime: amunKoe,zonrianòcicoe, IImUJIUUHCKoe, cfipannyacKoe.He crpy-

CTHyTIOCb ne eam, mo>KeT rraTb, npe MbICAH, rrro menly eceme H 6e3genKame n

TOBapaMH He egneTe pppro pyccKoro, cBoero, oTemerreempro npormeReene;

HO nocmoTpwre nperranbeee — 3To cpoKyc-noKyc MeRKOti npombennegeorre.

1-1'1'o6 ycny>larrb eam qem - am6yAb ne-pycemt.m, oHa nepeHocwr cFoRa H3 rpmaebix

pyccmix marrepcmix CReAaHHble pyKaMH pyCCKIAX 11.11H 4yX0H1kel3 no HH0cTpaH-

Hb1M pHCyHKaM pa3Hble Toaaphi, KoTopbie nocne 6epe*eo Knaner aa aepKanb-

goe rreKno LuKacka HAH Ha CTOAHK Kpacuoro Repersa pocKounio y6paHHoro

15 lionpo6eee cm.: HeecKell npocneK'r 13 e3o6pa3vrrenbeom mcKycrree. XVIII-

nepeasit nonomma XIX BeKa: KaTanor BbICTaBKH.11. 1978.

354

AJ1b611H KOHe ,mblil

maranHa. B HeCKOJIbKNX mara3mHax Bbl Hai:etere TOBbK0 TilaBHbIX xo3Kee —

chpaHuy3oe, aHrntetaH, 13 epyrkix pyCCKI4X Kynuoe H no 6onbweil Liacm cHeenb-

ueel 6 N3 HHocTpaHnee; nwarrae HaMATb npe*Httx CBOHX ocHoeaTeeeii, mHorHe

mara3HHbi coxpaHsnoT go cero epemeHH c 6naroeapHocTtuo 14X Chamanllio Ha

CBOHX ebleecKax, H Tenepb etue npowreTe: mara3HH 6b1BW1411 .11eHua H npotnix

conepkaTenert, gaeriblm-eafflio paccmewHxce H c mewHom MHp0M, H c npo-

MbILIIIIeHHOCT111-0. OT AHH'IKOBa mocm K 3HaMeFICK0i1 meHbwe y*e HHorrpaH-

1-1b1X maramHoe; Koe-rue menbKaeyr BbIBeCK14 c cooeamm Handlung, Verkauf,

Vente, 3aTo uenb141 peR naeoK HanonHeH KOHCKO 10 c6pyeto, poro*amH,

ANHOBKaM14 N npomumn He06X0/B4Mb1M14 B X03531ICTBeHHOM 6bITy maTepHanamH;

campo *e pemyto nponteonono*Hocm C BeSINK011ellHbIM y6paHc'I'BOM Hee-

cKoro npocneKTa B Haltane npeucTaeneeT BCe HOWI'll npocTpaucTeo me*ey 3Ha-

MeHCIGIM MOC'l'OM H HeBCKHM moHacmtpem, KoTopoe MO)KHO Ha3Ba'I'b 1,13HW-1-

/C010 Ilb1WHOr0 HCBCKOTO npocneKTa. B 3To{1 c'l'opoHe eRea cnbIWeH ropoRcKoft

tuym; HeT mecb HH MORI1b1X maramtHoe, HH Kynuoe-HHocTpaHnee, HH mam3enb,

HH mauam npogaeme, HH noKynaTenefi amaTCpoe; HeT ea*e Topneeoft mocToeoft:

mem 14)keTe Rame, Tem CTaHOBITI'CA yeuHHeHHee, Bripegacre R14111b 1301110,1 Ne pARbl

C CM0J1 040, pb16olo, HeKpacHeble eepeeeHHble )10M14K14, J411 N HHble 3a6opb1, rpe3-

Hble nycmlpH, Ha KOTOpbIX Becaoro 6poRw1' KOpOBbl, — H BCC 3'1'0 Hcrpe6.neeT no-

cTeneHHo nepeoe enegaTnerie, KaKoe nponeenH Ha Bac Hagano H cpeetma

HeecKoro npocneKTa. 17

TaKHM o6pa3om, Hescxliti ripocneier HCTOpWleCKH pa3gemuica Ha TpH

CTH: CBeTCKag ny6gHxa ripegnotiHrana 11p0BOAHTL BpeM31 Ha ynacme OT MOil-K14 TkO CDOHTalIK14, ganee (go JIHFOBKH) HaXORVIJIHCb pa3nwilmie ToproBbie 14

riponile 3aBeAel114S1 A.1151 COCTOSITeJILHOA Ily6J114K14, a paPioH OT 311aMeHCK01111110-

114agl4 )10 Anexcampo-HeHcicoti naspm 6b1n 3acenex HpocToHapomsem.

MapKH3 )le KIOCTHH, 110CeTlIBLIII4H HeTep6ypr B 1839 r., geJIHTCSI CBOHMH

HnenaTneHHamH OT HeBCK0F0 HpocHeicra:

FnaeHau yntwa Flerep6ypra Ha3bIBae'rc3 HeBCKHM npocneKTom H 3acny*Heaer

HecKonbKo 6onee noRpo6Horo onHCaHHA. 3Ta KpacHeae ynHua Clly>K141' MCCTOM

nporynoK H Bene' ecex 6C3RellbH14KOB ropoga. TaKHx, npaBga, He CJINWKOM

MHoro, N60 3ikecb He xoewr paggi camoro npouecca rynsume. Kantbdi war

HmeeT CB010 44Cab, He3aencHmyro oT yROBOBbCTBN flepeeam npHKa3aHHe,

cneunfrb K ceoemy Ha4lailbFINKy, 3aceteteTenbcTeortam Hy*Homy nHity FIO'ITCHNC

— 1301' , ITO HpHBORNT 13 RepoKeHme HaceneHHe fle'rep6ypra.

31'0T HmeHyembul npocneKTom 6ynbeap Bb1M0114eH y*acalotwimit 6y.11131)KFIN-

Kamit HenpaembHoil chopmbt. Ho 3uecb, KaK 11 Ha HeKoTopmx epyriax rnaeHbix

ynktuax, 13 6)31 131)KHOil MOCTOB011 nponcoKeHbi geperseHuble eoporH — Herm tipo-

ee napea 143 BOCbM11yr0.11bHbIX 14.11 N Ky6H4ecKttx COCHOBbIX 6pycKoe.

16 CHeenen — Toprytolukul B naeKe HJIH mara3HHe no jkoHepeHHocTH xo3suma.

17 flywKapee 14. 14. HHKonaeecKrul IleTep6ypr. CI16. 2000, c. 566-568.

B. C. CaRommucos. (Dparmeirr "IlaHopamm Hescicoro npocnewra". 1830-e rr.

B. C. CaROBHITHICOB. 41:Tarmewr "Ilanopambi Hesciwro npocriewra". 1830-e rr.

356

A"611H KOHeKl-lbdi

Arte TaKHe 410110C131 Topnon unippiHoil oT jiHyx no Tpex cpyroa, paatieneHHhie

6yAbl*H01"4 MOCTOB011, no Kompoil 6e*Frr KOI3BHANK, 11pOROACHb4 C Kanioil

CTOpOHM y./1111161. OT ROMOB 14X OTRORAIOT umpolate TpoTyapbt, HbutoxceHubie

111114THAKOM, Ha oTaaneHHbix yntinax coxpaHuntich enne »cantale tiepenzHHble

naHenH. 3ToT Befil4 11eCTBBHHblii npocneKT Hoxotiirr, nocTeneHHo CT341013ACb Bce

6e3ntottHee, HeKpacHnee H nettanbHee, no CaMbIX rpaHHH ropona H mano-nomany

TepzeTcH B HonHax aaHaTcKoro BapBapCTBa, co ncex cTopoH n'amatomi«

lie1'ep6ypr, H60 camble nbiumble ero ynyinbi CXORAT Ha HeT B nyerbiHe.

nocne nonytiust Ha HeBCKOM npocneicre, Ha o6uipHoil nnoinam nepen 3Hm-

HHM iiHopnom, Ha Ha6epe*Hbix H mocTax 110ABBAeTCA 110130.11bH0 6onbume KO-

nritiermo 3104na»ceil pa3Hoo6pa3Horo Briga H npmynnmbtx mepTamil. 3'vo

nplitiaer Hemyropoe 0*NBIleHHe yHbIJI0My ropony, camoil MOHOTOHH011 113 BCCX

esponetictoix cTonkin. 18

C 1830-x rogoB CBeTCKHe nporynicH npoxongT Ha HeBCKOM B 3HmHee Bpe-

MH, BeCHA nepeHocaTcH Ha AHringicKylo Ha6epexcHylo, a 3aTem — B McTHHIi

can. "Ha HeBCKOM npocneKTe rysisnoT TOJILKO 3HMO!O H BeCHOil, — coo6igan

Bainynnifi B 1834 r., — c HpH6nH)KenHem neTa TORMA peneioT H HanvnialoT

nepesnmaTbcH oTciona Ha AnmnpanTencluni 6ynbBap, ,L(BopHoBylo H AIWIIHII-

cxylo Ha6epemmbie, H B JleTHHH can".I 9

"BecHon, BO Bpemst paci -1)/114nm, xorna Ha HeBCKOM nomnsulacb rpn3b H

HanitHanach y6opKa, rynsmbe nepeHocHnocb Ha AHrninicKylo Ha6epe)KHyIO, a

HOTOM B YleTHHil can, — roBopHnocb B 3ameme "AHrimilcxan Ha6epeN(HaH", —

Bce PyJISHOT no AIILIIACKOIA Ha6epexcion, onHomy H3 npenecTHenumx rynb-

ann neTep6yprcKnx, Hmeioinemy nepen BceMH ApyramH eine To npeHmyine-

CTBO, =ITO OHO He cocTaanHeT cooNneHHH me*ny MHOTOJIIORHbIMH nacTsimu ro-

pona, H Ha HeM nonTH He BIfflaTb npocToro Hapona, B OCO6eHHOCTH HeCHOCHMX

macTepoBbix manbnaineic, OAHHM CJIOBOM, Ha HeM HeT memaHoil TORMA, HeH3-

6exmoil Ha HeBCKOM npocnexTe, nenTpe Bceil neTep6yprcKoti neHTenbHocm.

}Kenaiounlx norymb c HCTHHHbIM Hacnawnermem npHrnaumem Ha AHEJIMI-

cxylo Ha6epe)KHyIo, Tem 6onee, =ITO mona Ha 3T0 rynbanne nponnxTcH TOI1b-

K0 TIO cBeTnoro npammuca," a TaM 110BeTkeT oHa BCCX B 3eneHelowmil McTHHIi

can".2 I

PyccKaa nirrepaTypa, oTnaBan nospxHoe BHeamen ITHBIICKaTeJ113HOCTH

npocnewra, Bocupiummana ero KaK meTachopy =ienonenecicoro 6bITHH. Eine B

1810 r, H. CTpaxoB B onepice "HeBcxan yrnina" nHcan:

18 KIOCTHH A. HmonaencKaH Poemi. M. 1990, c. 141-142.

19 Bawynkuni A. IL IlaHopama Camernerep6ypra. C116. 1834. Ll. 3, c. 87.

20 Pel6 inter o flacxe.

21 CeHepHasi mena 1840. 27 mapTa.

17pozy✓ Kti no HeecKomy npocneKmy 357

MTO 6b1Tb MO)KeT HpaBorwrenbHee, trro 6b1Tb mo>KeT OW10 npyromy npo-

THBynono*Hee, KaK He Haqano 14 KoHen Heecxoti ywww? BOJIbWal 6y.aheap c

nocnenylouwm manum, — cyrb wymHwe »pont cyeT 14 erpacTeti, KoTopme Begyr

B Heaciadi MOHCICtriblph, cHe ywinHwe oTBemeffin oT MHpa. [...] Fny6oKa5

THWHHa Heacicozo Kjzaò6uu(a nornowaeT BCCb wym H Bce npllwinewm ceri

BenllKoti yntww, Ko'1'Opal orryna npencTaBnmeTcs4 orpomuoti MC4T010, cocTa-

BSICHHOK) 143 Hapona, nowKeHmylowero B CBOe Bpemz oTnaTb nonr ripmpone [...]

Ha Heeetcoù y.ane npemHo*ecTBo BblBeCOK H Hannuceti, KOTOpb1MH 6ec-

npeptwHo yBewaHw N HanonHeHw CHI43y noBepxy BCC W/Mb!, B *14.11 1,51

FlOCTpOCHHble. C ~oro KoHna no npyroro oHa 3axwomaer B celie 3111,41lK.110-

neòttio e 11111.4aX 11 Òel7CM61111. Ha ceti yntwe HaXORSITC51 BCC xyno*ecTBa, co Bcex

KOHROB 3emni4 CBC3eHHble Bewm lAeHOK) oT onHoro py6w1 no MH11,11 110Ha,

Hamwasi c camoti lie06X01 HMOCTH )1112 cxynoro, no )Kenawn H pOCKOW14 cm-

6apwra, c camoro Tynoro nowrrnm xammanana yrowleHHoro yma HbIOTOHa.

Bcex mondi MbIcnH , *enatu«, cTpacTH H Boo6pwKeHtm B nonHoti epe moryr

6b1'rb y,11OBJICTBOpeHbl B Ceri ynne. [...] Hemaccui pum C OCBC111,eHHb1M11 CBOHMH

OKHaMH nocTaBwier qmnocochy cpenerBo no3HaTb B ORHH Begep BCC cyeTw,

urpacTH H >Kenatisi )KH3HH ,ICJIOBCMCCK01"4. CKOJIbK0 yBHANILL1b pala 14qHbIX

ABneHNri B OKHaX marawHoa, pecTopauti, KyX0HHbIX CTOJI0B, FOCTHWILI, Tpax-

TmpoB H KOHlteKTHbIX JlaBOK. 22

A B 1834 r. A. II. Baulygniii urmenan:

3ToT npocnewr, o6wHpHoe none gnst Ha6monewitt HpaBonucaTenz H ymcTBo-

BaHliii clmnococha, oTxpbmaeT HM 661T, 3aHSITHA, erpacTH H cna6ocTH *wreneti

4104TH BCCX paymnoB; OH }<m 6ynTo rnaBHam apTepng Ilerep6ypra, oT KoTopott

cTpemsrrcz gpyrme meHbwme, nwrwouwe pa3now-wie rinetnA CT011 H 1-1H0r0 'Pena.

[...] Korna Bbl BF.11 SUBITCCb, 'corna Bbl Bcnyulacrecb B HeBCKWA'IlpOCHCKT, Hawl-

HwoLwnicti 3KOHOM14 1-1eCKHM o6wecTBom, npoxonsuwil 4pe3 Bce 06011bIACHHA

pOCKOWH )KH3HH H oKawnwarowffiticsi moHacTupem N Knan6nwem; }corna Bbl

npo6e)Kwre ero C Kotwa Ha KoHen, Torna BaM noxwKeTc51, 4TO aTo orpomHbW,

AmBoil KandigocKon, B KoTophiti BCbIllaHO Bce genoBemecmo, c CBOCK)*H3FleFl-

22 °Taxon Huxonati. Mon nerep6yprcKHe cyMepKH. C116. 1810. g. 1, c. 22, 25-

27. Cp. Ha6nioneHne ckpaH11,y3cxoro nwrepaTopa 113paHcya AHceno, noce'I'HBwero ro-

pon 13 1826 r.: "110KIIHy13 moHacTbipb 14 xnan6HLge, RBOilHOC npti6eAcHwe He6bri'msl, Mb1

nonanaem Ha camyto KpacHByFo ynuny flerep6ypra, Hmetiyemylo HeBCKHM npocnewrom.

HCB03M0>KHO, goporoll KcaBbe, ynep>KaTbcz oT pa3mbanneHtl, Ha KoTopwe HaBORHT ee

pacnono*etwe. Ha onHom ee KoHne — orpomHoe 3naHne AgmtwanTeticTBa, Ha npyrom

— Anexcawpo-HeBcKaz naBpa, a mexcny I 1HMH — pOCKOWb H cycra monHbix naBox. Fna3

cOnococha moAter OXBaTHTb 31 1CCb pa3om mecTo, rne 11e110BCK, mewraz O 6oraTcTBe H

cnaBe, rOTOBHTCSI K nanemim cTpaHcrumm, one3oK, Ha KoTopom 6.newyr 111101 1b1 ero

TA>KKHX wynoB, H, HaKoHen, nocnenHee nplicTanuwe, rne HacTaHer KoHeg ero rop-

newwwm nombicnam H Hanenkam" (AHceno et›. 111CCTb mecsweB B POCCHH. M. 2001, c.

46).

358 24.413611H

HOF0 ReSITeRIDHOCT1110, C CBOHMH monamm, cna6ocTsimm, gyBcTBamH, aambicnamB, HpHtlyjkamn, 3H3H1451MH, cTpacTsimm, pactieramH, Kpaco'roio 14 6e3o6pa3zem, ymom H 6e3ymmem; Bam noKa)KeTcI, Bce 310 Belyrwrog, menbKaer, 6e7Kir, ne- TIAT IMMO Bac, C 113MeHr1HBOCT610, 6bicnoTwo H 6JIeCKOM MbICJI14 141114 M011-

141414! 23

110BeCTb Foronsi "Hescimil npodneKT" (1835) orrKpmBaeTcsi HaHerHpH-KOM: "HeT Hwiero firme fleBCKOr0 ripocneKTa, HO Kpail'Heil Mepe B IleTep-

6ypre; ABB Hero OH COCTaBJHIeT BCC. nem He 6JleCTHT 3Ta ynino — Kpacamup

Haniek cTonvighi! A 3HaIO, LITO HH ogym 143 6eBlIbIX H IIHHOBHLIX ee wwre.neti He ripomeHHeT Ha Bce 6.nara HeBcKoro ripocneKTa. [...] HeBCKIlà 11pOCIleKT eCTb

Bceoagasi KommyHHKaglisì neTep6ypra", a 3asepumeTca ceroBaHHem: "O, He

IlapHx(cKne monHHHB1 1825 r.

23 BawyaKnil A. FI. Flanopama CaFnerne'rep6ypra. CI16. 1834. M. 3, c. 85-86.

17pozyineu no HencKomy npocneKmy 359

BephTe 3TOMy Hescicomy HpocneKTy! [...] Bcé o6MaH, BCé mem, BCé He TO,

nem Ha*eTcH!" 24 Kax 3nocnoHnna "CesepHaH nnena", "HOCTOSIIIHble )KFITCJIH

CTOJIHIIM )KHByT H ymlipatoT, He 3arsiHnhma1 Hincyna, LITO BbIXOAHT 3a npege-nhi Hescicoro HpocneKTa H ero 6nH)Ha1inmx oxpecmocTefi". 25

POMMITWIeCKHil KyJIbT npnponbi 11 AGIBOHHCHOCTI4 CHOCO6CTB013311 HOSIBIIC-

HI4K) Ha 3anage B XVIII HeKe nwrepaTypHoro >KaHpa — "nporynxa" (prome-nade). 26 HOBbILLICIIHblik HHTepec nposmngncg H K HyTemecTrmam. "BbI mox<e-Te cmeno 614TbCg o6 3aKnag, nTo Ho acpaHHeil epe gsa paia B Ilegemo He3ne roHopHT o nymeluecnieunx! — coo6mana "CesepHam miena" (1843. 26 ~Hz) B 3ameme "XypHanbHag HcHinma". — flyremecTHHH cgenannch HbIlle espo-neAcKolo erpacTimo: 3TO monomaimg Handl 3110X11".

FepoeM "npOryJIKH" H "HyremecTHHH" CTaJI 14 FICBCK14f4 HpocneKT.

B 1824 r. "IIHTepaTypnble JIVICTK14: XypHan Hpanon 11 C110BeCHOCT14" HO-

MCCTH.TIH B pamene npo3a onepic "flporynxa HO TpOTyapy Hencicoro npo-cnewra", HOJjn11CaHHbIIi HHHHHanamn B., non KoTophimm nacTo cicpbmancn c13. B. BynrapHH — TOHKHfi 3HaTOK ropoga, aBTOp mnoronncnemmix ny6nm(a-

B nepHognxe (oco6eHHo B "CeBepHo1 nneme") o noncennemoil )10431114

ropoga, 6bne 11 panneneHmix neTep6ypHmen. Cime connneime awrop npen-HapHeT 3rmrpachom 113 3eilme: "KTo HneT nemom, ropa3no 6onee, B

HpaBCTBeHHOM H (1)14314 1ICCKOM OTHOLIICI11414, Hewenn TOT, KOTOphIfi egeT..."

B Hanane onerwa Bynrapnn C0061HaeT BbIMblIIIIICHHOMy CO6eCCAHVIKy Fo-peny, 'ITO 01 1 HACT "nporynnHamcg Ho HCBCKOMy npocneKTy" (no ero CBCT-

CKOI1 nacm — OT Ha'Iana HeHcKoro go AHWIKOBa mocTa), 3aMeTHB HpH 3TOM,

'ITO OH 6bmaeT Ha npocnexTe 110 ,ITH Ka>KJIIbIPI gellb (C gisyx no nemipe nacon mut), rge "cTenenfie mondi' HMCHHO me' npnnneicaeT". nanee cnenyloT pac-cyxcgema o nbmeumnx HpaHax, o6cy)Hgaemn (n ocyH(gaeTcH) npoxonsimaz MHMO ny6nnxa, oco6eHlio nocTaeTcH CBCTCKHM AcHAH-neTumeTpam. "Ilenonexa

24 FOrarib H. B. Co6panne xyno*ecTeentibtx nponneitentni. M. 1960. T. 3, e. 7-8,

56. Cp. 3anncb 13 J1HeBHI1Ke ernicKona H 11 1(011a51 (28 renaapsi 1880 r.): "Bmten Bee

BenzKonenne HeacKoro npocneKTa B neub Gbin penKtd B Flerep6ypre, 14 I 10-

Tomy no HeacKomy, K yC'rblo ero, rynsiFonme tunn cnnountole maccoie: gambi, 110314-

pyknume B KOASICKaX, Kape'rbl, itpo>KK14, TpecK, WyM, — CK0.11 13K0 >K143H11, A1314>KeHl1g N Ka-

Kast macca MblCne6, merrratild, BOIDICHIA, 3a1311C334, HCHaBliCTM, lifflp14131 — ncnapsterot K

neeiy oT acero 33'01-0 mecTa!" (RIAE131-1 H Mi CBSITOF0 1-1 141(0J1a14 ABOHCK01'0. CFI6. nme-

Noli. 2004. T. 1, c. 157). 25 FopoRcKoil BeCTIANK // Ceaepnaa rmena 1845. 18 aarycTa.

26 CM., nanpnmep: Promenade ou itinéraire des jardins d'Ermenonville (Paris.

1788); Henri Marie de Bougrenet de la Tocnaye. Promenade d'un Frane, ais autor de la

Grande Bretagne (Edinburg. 1795); J. Timbs. A picturesque promenade round Dorkind

(London. 1822).

360

A.41,611H KOHC ,Mblei

mowHo ynono6HTb wwre, — roHopprr BynrapHH, — 36anue ero IIJIH COCJI06lle, K

Kompomy OH npuHannexcHT B o61Irecme, eCTb TO tuo 3a2Acieue, Hapy)K-HOCTb – npeòucrzoeue, a noci-mai — coòepxanue".

Bwrpena c cyripyramH Ro6ponAmH nocnymcHna Bynraprmy noHonom, trio-6b1 nosenam "Kpampo HCT0p1410 HeBCK0F0 npocneKTa", coo6urrim cHenewin o paanritmbix nocTpofixax. 3aTeM awrop onepxa naer no) po6Hetiwee °mica-HHe mara3HHoH (He 3a6mHasi 14 KHH)KHble naBK14) CBeTCKOiI num npocneKTa, nepenricsineT ToHapbb nponaHaembix B HI1X. 3a11,151 C ,LIO6p0BLIM B CBOK) n106H-

/Aro xminkrrepcxyro Bonbcka, y Hormnericxoro mocm, B 'compor,' 6bIBan

HyIIIKHH, BynrapHH paccpKnaeT O HbffieruHem COCTOSIIIHH neTep6yprcimx TpaxmpoH, ceTyH, "CITO B HeTep6ypre HeT O6bIKHOBeHHH o6enam 14 3awma-KaTb B KOCI)eIIHIAX nomax ÍI Tpaxmpax, KaK, HanpHmep, B HapriNce, JloHnoHe H npoinlx CTOn1411aX". I1pn 3TOM OH peicomeHnyer 110CeT14Tb HeCKOJIbK0 aaHene-HIA C cppaHnyacxofi xyxHeri: TpaKTrip "JIoHnoH" (B Hanane HeBCK0F0) H pe-cmpawno TanoHa (y IlonwracKoro mocTa).

3aHepwaurca ()nem( o6enom B nome ,LIo6pourx, Ha KoTopom xonesa 14

FOCTH HaCTOSITenbH0 pexomeHnyloT Bynraprmy ony6nHxosam Hcé, "TITO MbI

CeFORIISInepe6onTanH Ha TpoTyape HeBcKoro npocnexTa". Onepx BynrapHH, conemanwfi o6cTosiTenbHylo Hwpopmawno o npo-

cnexTe, CTan cHoeo6pa3Hbim nepabim nyTeHonwrenem 14 pennanumm HCTOn-

HHKOM O 1-10BCeAlIeBHOH )1C143HH HCBCKOF0 HyLUKHHCKOH 3110X14.

Tenepb o6pammcst K TexcTam SIKOBlIeBa, Ral1 H 14 PacTopryeBa, ony6mr-KOBaHHb1M Hamm B c6opHice "Ilporyrum n0 Hencicomy npocnexT B nepBoi 110n0BHHe XIX BeKa" (CI16. 2002 - nanee LIVITaTbI 11p0BOWITCH HO 3TOMy H3na- Inno), Kompbie xoppecnowwproT c onepKom BynrapuHa, Hasepwixa Hm xo- pomo 3HaKOMbIM.

B 1828 r. B MOCKBe Bblínna KHHFa " 1-1yBCTBHTenbH0e nyTentecTmle HO

HeBCKOMy npocnexTy". 14 XOTH Ha H3RaHHH He yxa3aHa cpamlinwi awropa, co-npememmxam xopouro 6b1110 H3BeCTHO, CITO KHHFa npviHanneAarr nepy MOCKBH-

na II. JI. 51K0BneBa – conyntwxy wypHanos "EnaroHamepeHHbnl", "BeCTHHK

EBp011b1" H np. 51KOBJ1eB, KaK H ero COBpeMeHHHKH, 6bra xopowo 3HaKOM C

KHHr0I1 .11operica CTepHa "CeHmmewranbnoe nyTeurecnme HO 113paHHHH 14

HTanHH" (1768), xoTopan ama nepeseneHa Ha pyccxrni H3bIK B Hanane XIX BeKa non 3arnamlem "IlymmeHHoe nyTeniecTrwe BO (I)paHLIHIO" (M. 1803). KHHra CTepHa ciana naponHeri Ha TpanvinHoHHbnl waHp nyTeurecmwt, nrm ero repos, "nyBCT1314TenbHOIX) nyTernecmemaca", rnalwast Herm nepenmKe-HHR – "mar K camono3Hamuo", 27 a He onricaHHe oxppxwoweil peanbHocm.

27 Orepn Jlopenc. )1( —113Hb H MFICI-11451 TpliCnaMa WeEIR14, jpKennumena. CeHTIIMeH-

Tant,Hoe nyTenecTene no 41)panw4n H 1,1Tannn. M. 1968, c. 550.

Ilpozpueu no Hew:Komy npocnexmy 361

AKOBJleB TaToKe onpeAensieT ce6si KaK "CaHTHMeHTallbH0r0 nyreinecT-Bemaca", OH yKa3binaeT RaTy H l'OA nyTemecumn — man 1818 r. (roR npne3Aa awropa s IleTep6ypre) H mapinpyr: OT ARmnpanTeticKoro 6yabnapa RO Minn-KOBa mocTa, T. e. no nenoil apncToKpaTnnecKon cTopone npocnewra. OH OT-

ripaannitz nO 3Tomy nyTH, IIT061,1 OH HCaTb "CTpaHCTBH5T, noxoxqem4m, npn-KBIOneH1151, 3amenannsr, MetITaHHH", noTomy, CITO "ny)Kno yBHAeTb mnp, npexc-Re nem ero nommyTh". 28

B3rnsmyn na HeBCKHH CO CTOpOHLI AAmnpanTencTna, aBTOp HatIHHaeT

cnoe nyTemecTnne, nocneRonaTenbno npoAnnrasicE. K Konennomy nynxTy —

AHHIIKOBy mocTy. Brianane OH 3aXORHT B °Any H3 nynunix KOHAHTepCKHX B

HeTep6ypre — maincy JlapeRbi (nepBblù ROM no nenon cTopone HeBcKoro). OwiaKo, HOMHH, TITO OH HyTeIlleCTBeHHHK, CHHMaeT nomep B rOCTI4H14Be ".110H-

AOH" (nepnbin ROM no npano CT0p0He HpOCHeKTa) H, BOO6pa)Ka1 Ce6H HpHe3-

)KHM, Ha61110)DeT H3 OKHa 3a yHYPIH0f4 )KH3HbIO. Ha c.negyxnnnil ACHb, HOKH-

HyB TOCTHHHHy, OH 3aXORHT B "moxylo JlaBKy" (BCe Jlyt1111He Mara3HHbI HaX0-

AHJIHCb Ha IleBOÙ CT0p0He HeBCK0f0), BbIPIRSI 143 KOTOpOÙ OH BCTpegaeT IlpHH-

TeJIH H BMeCTe C HHM OTHpaBJISIeTCH B Klly6 — "Bonbume Tannenanbnoe co- 6panne", KoTopmti naxowInca y flosinneficKoro mocTa. Ranee OH noceinaeT KHH>KHyK) HaBKy, KyXMIICTepCKy10 (mecTo ABB RellIeBbIX o6egOB), KOHAHTep-

CKy10 AM6Hes I (B ROMe ApMATICKOÙ HepKBH), TOpOINCI, j(01iTH Ro AMPIKOBa

FleBCKIA HpOCHeKT y FOCTHHOPO Rsopa, 1799-1800. AKBapenb Benbsammla HaTepcena

28 Elpory.rnat no EleBcKomy npocnmer B nepeoiA nonomme XIX BeKa. CI16., rime-

imoH, 2002, c. 55; nanee: rIpOrynKH.

362

Anb611H KOHeqH13117

MOCTa, OH 11p0X0):114T MHMO FocTHHoro ABopa, HmnepaTopcKok ny6mHtmoil 6H6JIHOTeK11, MaJI0F0 TeaTpa (me>my 6116.71HOTeKOH H AH14I1KOBbIM ABopnom) 14

nonTH goxoffirr Ao AHH'IKOBa mocTa. Cabla }unga He npHaneKaer BHIIMaHH51

aBTOp, OH coo6uweT 6bITOBbIe noTkpo6HocTH 5114111b O 3aBeACHnftX, B KOTOpbIX

OH no6mBan, 14 rje Ha6nioAan 3a npHemoimm H neTep6yp>KHamm, cslynian HX

pa3rOBOpbI, 3arnichman CB011 Ha6snogerma. Oco6oe ero BHHMalille, KaK Haim-Haioinero nHTepaTopa, npHKoBaHo K cpeRe co6pameB no nepy. 3aBepun4B nporynKy, aBTOp 061,SIBJ151eT "ce631 Bparom Bcex nyTeruecTBeHHHKoB": "xy>Ke Bcero nyTeniecTBoBaTB. OT1HO 14 TO >Ke Be3Ae! Te >Ke JI 10A14, Te )Ke cTpacTH, Te )Ke Bo6poAeTemil 14 nopoKH" (Hpozy.roai, c. 77). B KOHlIe KHHFH aBTOp 3atn4-- TbIBaeT csoe "nyBCTBI4TeBbH0e nyTeuiecTBHe no HeBCKOMy npocneKTy" Ha 3BaH0m o6eae.

HOBeCTb H3BeCTHOF0 npo3aHKa 14 3THorpacpa B. 14. Rari% `91{H3HB ne-noBeKa, Hall flporynKa Ho Hel3CKOMy npocneKTy", BbIllleALLIaa B WypHa.ne

"MOCKBHT51111411" B 1843 P., Ham4HaeTcH C onHcanvisi HeBcKoro npocneKTa, ero 3HaneHHH B )K1431114 ropo)KaH:

HCBCKIA npocneKT, oT ,likeopnoeoil nnoLeann N J(o HeBCKOPO MOHaCTblpg, — 3'1'0

He TOJIbK0 nenblit ropon, nenam cTonnua, aTo I1 ,enbIN mnp; mnp Bel_HeCTBCHHbli1 H

mnp ayXOBHblil, mnp co6biTnil, CTOYIKHOBeHH11, cnygailnocTeil, mnp xwupoil H

cnomcnoil pacgeTnneocTn, TOHKHX nponcKoe, ❑ ponyenoro nycTo3eona N rpy-

6bix o6manoe; 3TO nanaTa yma n 'l'opHal Konem gypanecTea; 6e3nHa npe-

mynpocTm H IllyTOBCKOti nonmocT ctinrnmpcTea; Knane3b 3amblCnOBaTOCTI4 H

6nTam MOCTOBW1 nownocm; KapTiffinam ranepem cKpomHoù monHocTu H no-

3opm1(e monnoti CKpOMHOCT11; ebIcTaeKa ukeronbcTea, pOCK0111 VI H BKyCa — 6a3ap

4BaHCTBa H cyeTnocut, TonKruiti pbIHOK MHOFHX, CCJ1H He ecex, cna6ocTeil

rnynocTeti JI10)1CKHX; onopHam TomKa, OCHOBaHHe RelICTBIA H BeJlOil >K113H1,1

ogHoro menoeeKa— noeopoTnbnYKpyr m conneecTomene npyroro; 3TO pa'rHoe

nonpnine N yKpomHam KUHN — 6er e3anyclut na 6ecnpenenbHoe npocTpancTeo

H TeCHbal Kpyr K0110BpalACHWI BKpyr HaeMHoro oqara (T/pozy.ame, c. 91).

OBHaKo Rau% HHTepecyeT He caM HeBCKHII, a cygB6a KOHKpeTH014' J114q110-

CTH, IIb51 )1(143Hb nponma Ha npocneKTe:

3To He ToT mnp, O Ko'l'opoM H xogy roeopwrb; nafiTe mne paccKanTb eam,

KaKHM o6pa3om )1.112 ORHOF0 qacTnoro rly1OBCKa BeCb mnp orpaupemeancm,

C06CTBeHHO, cTenamn HCBCK0r0 npocneK'ra [...J Haui repON HC c6neancm BO Web

CB0171 BeK CO cTon6oeoro nym HeecKoro npocnelera, H 6b1J1 H *Ha TyT BeCb

CBOH BCK, Tyr OH Hagan >K143Hb, Tyr H KOWII/J1 (17pozyitKu, C. 92).

110BeCTI4 HORKI4gbILLI HOCHCP, BOCIIIITaHHIAti B cembe neTep6yprcKHx HeMUeB, )1CHBbIX B KOHLIe HeBCKOFO, B611 14314 AneKcampo-HeBcKoH Basphi, OT-

KyRa 14 "HatiHHaeTcH nporynKa 3T0F0 menoBeKa HO npaBoil, nne6eficKoi1 CTO-

poHe" (11po2yrucu, c. 95) npocneKTa B cTopoHy HeBbI. BMeCTe C npHemHbimil

17pozynKu no Heecicomy npocneKmy

363

pOT4TeRSIMII, HO Mepe ynynmeHnst HX COCTOSIHIISI, meHsisi KnapTnpb1, npoA-HnraeTca °Un'I HBaH0B1111 HO HeBCKOMy, KOTOpbIfi CTaJI 1(.11S1 Hero "y11H11e10

p0AHHbI, )1(14TeJIbCTBa 14 CMY)K6b1" (11po2yrucu, C. 101), H, HaKOHeH, AocniraeT Hanasio npocneKTa, rAe cHnmaeT KOMHaTKy Ha nermaKe. "IleM 14 3a1(1110 1-1HJI, — ranneT Ranb, — nepHyto 110.110BHHy nporynK14 cHoeil no HescKomy npocneKTy, npoweAnn4 B TpHAHaTb J1eT BCIO npaHylo cTopoHy ero, oT moHacTbipn Ao RBopnoBoh nnomaAn. [...] )1(wrbe-6biTbe Ocmna HBaHOBVI 11a BO wropylo HO-

.110BHHy )4CH3HH ero, Ha nym OT Anopnonon rinowaAn o6paTHo Ao HescKoro moHacTbipsi, no nenon, apncToKpaTnnecKon cTopoHe npocneKTa" (11po2yrucu, c. 102). FleBCKI411 A1151 Ocnna HBaHonana — 3aKOJIROBaHHOe mecTo, OH naHn-nem' 60HTCA BLIATH 3a ero 11penelIbI, OTKIIOHHTC54 OT npnnbinHoro nyrn Ha cny)K6y 14J114 o6paTHO Roma'.

B 1846 r. HOS113115410TCS1 "HporynKH HO HeBCKOMy npocneKTy", n3Aamibie Eropom PacTopryeBblM. PCIACH3eHTb1 ynpeKann PacTopryeBa B TOM, CITO ero

"miteHmi TaK C6HTbI, 'ITO 011CHb nacTo ncTpenaem cTpanlHble npoTnnope-nnz",29 a KHHFa "HaricaHa C06CTBeIIHOF0 yj10B011bCTB1451" awropa, xurn "143 3TIIX HporynoK mo>KHo 6bul0 CACJIaTb nTo-11n6yAb 3a1114MaTCJILII0e, OCO-

6emio Hprie3)Knx, KOTOpbIC Hy)KJ1a1OTC51 B xopomem yKa3aTene HCBCK0f0

npocneKTa", 3() T. C. B KOIIKpeTlIbIX aApecax 3aBC11CHHH.

HpeTe1131114 K aBTOpy KII141 ,1 KpoloTcsi B CO3peBLIICH noTpe6HocTn HMeTb

anTopwreTHoe cripanonHoe H3J1aHIle no HCBCKOMy npocneKTy. B 1842-1844 rr. 6ynrapnHcKa2 "CeBepHai nnena" Bella cnemanbnylo py6pnKy "YKa- 3aTenb HeTep6ypra Ansi HHOF0p01111111X", B KOTOpOM oco6oe MCCTO yAennnocb HeBCKOMy npocneKTy. H TOJIbK0 B 1846 r. A. H. f pen Bb111yCTIIII noAo6Hoe n3gaHHe: "Becb HeTep6ypr B KapmaHe: CripanonHasi muffa Ansi CT01114 11HbIX

nu4Teneil H npne3)Kmx, C HOBCHLIIHM nnaHom Herrep6ypra", rAe npeAcTawnen HCBCKIIA 11pOCIICKT (BTopoe 1431:1aHlle: CH6. 1851).

PacTopryen n He cTaHnn nepeA co6oft 3aAany HanneaTh aApecHoe pyKo-BOACTBO no HeBCKOMy npocneKTy. "HeBCKFIfi npocneKT nmeLnaeT B ce6e Tbl-

051 11H pa3Hoo6pa3Hbix npeAmeTon, AaloMx HencToinnmylo runny ASISI MbICJIH-

TC.351 14 A1151 Ha6snoAaTen1, — roHopwr awrop B 11pC7114CJI0BHH. — HO3TOMy MI10-

rlle oco6bi 6yAyr o)KnAaTb OT cen KHI4FH mnororo, H mHororo He nailAyr, Aa>Ke 143 TOPO mHororo, KoTopoe Heminlyemo 110JDKII0 6b1 3Aecb 6bITb o61,sicHeHo. iho )Ke AenaTb! Hpn nporynKax na HeBCKOM npocnewre muoroe 6bino 3ame-nel1o, a Han6onee TO, 11TO TaK OT1114 11HTelIbH0 xapaKTepn3yeT HescKnil npo-CrIeKT, — HO HCT BO3MONCIOCTH Seer° nepecKa3aTb, 1ITO 1311J1e11 14 3amenan" (Hpo2yrucu, C. 121).

29 1114HCK1411 BeCTHI1K 1846. T. 10. Grg. V, c. 82.

3() Bn6ntio'1'eKa ;VISI 4TeH14511846. T. 76. Org. VI, c. 60.

364

KOHCKIMIÚ

Y PacTopryeBa HeBciain npocneKT npegcTaBneH Ha Bcem ero HpoTspxe-HHH 13 BHge noRpo6HeI4ueti 6brroBoil HaHopambi ("PaMa umpoKa, MOJKHO

no6aBHTL nopTpeToB", — rnacHT anHrpack K KH14Fe). PaCCTa1311111C13 CO CBOHM

HOCTORHHIAM >KHJIHILICM B ropone, aBTOp OTIIpaBJIReTCSI B KpoHnnanT, caAHTca Ha napoxoR H HJIbIBeT Ha Hem "B IleTep6ypr, nTo6bi nono6Ho 6onbnien nacTH Hpne3)Kalounix ciona HacHaRHTbcm" (11pozpeu, c. 122) naHopamon HpH6HH-Acaloweroca ropoAa. 3aTeM OH, }ai( 14 noAo6aeT HacTosunemy nyTeniecT-BeHHHKy, C1114MaeT KBapTHpy Ha HeBCKOM B ROMe ARSI HpHe3)Kappay4x. Ho

npexqe, nem HanaTb nporynxy no HeBCKOMy, OH HallaraeT HcTopillo BO3HHK-

HOBeHl110 IIeTep6ypra H HCBCKOFO, noRpo6Ho ocTaHaBnimaeTcH Ha reorpa-cfmm, CTaTHCTHKe 14 KJIHMaTOTIOFHH npocneicTa. Ranee OH roBopHT O Hpasax

oanaTeneti npocHeKTa (Koro 14 C KaKOft HeJ11310 nplunexaeT K celie HeBcKH11) H oTnpaBnzeTcsi Ha nporynxy. OH npennaraeT 110J1K360BaTI3CSI HeBCKIIM C

6aIIIHH ropogcxon Rymbi, B31JI51HyTb Ha )7 .11 14 1111bIe BbIBeCK14; OHHCbIBaeT y.aHn-Hbie THna)KH 14 AHemylo ACH3H13 npocneKTa, ygen3151 oco6oe BHI4Ma1114e Mara- 3HHaM 14 Tomi- ue B HHX.

KHH*Haz 'lama H 6H6nHoTexa CmHpAHHa. cl)parmeHT "11aHopambi Hescicoro npocnewra" B. C. CanommmcoBa. 1830-e rr.

Hpozymai no HeHocomy npocneicmy 365

Onenbribie r.nashi KH1114 (sce OH14 HMelOT 110)3aFaTIOBOK: Hporymca) HO-

cBsageuid: 3A0p0BbK) ropowan, ysecenemstm, morknomy marammy, Kache-pe-cTopanam, cxrapam, ClIpyKTOBbIM namcam, Toprome BHHaMH, Koacpepam (na-prixmaxepam), HOpTIIMM, FocTmomy Asopy, KnancKomy co6opy 14 HeBCKOMy

npocneKTy 3a JIIIFOBCKHM Kananom. Kruira HarilicaHa B Tpagrinvisix clunnonorrinecKoro otrepKa H corkep)KnT

uemetiuryio H nono6nefiruyio 6brrosylo michopmagrno, gocTosepnocTb KOTO-

poti noTusepxmaeT H npocmoTp ra3eThi "CeBepnan rmena" 3a 1830-e -1840-e roghi.

K cepemme XIX sexa HciieneT wallp "npory.Tiox" 14 "nyreurecTsrdr no

HencKomy, 6o.nbrue Iie scTpenaeTcg ero no)po6Horo orfficanlln, a cam npo- CIIeKT CTallOBHTCH JI11111b ChOHOM Ansi 6bITOBbIX onepKon (CM., nanpirmep: ByT-KOB A. n HCBCKHii npodneKT, rum HyTCIIICCTB1451 HecTopa 3aneTaesa: Ho-BeCTb // OTeirecTsemme 3aHHCKH 1848. T. 60. N9 9. OTA. I, c. 101-176; Kpe-CTOBCKHri B. B. HeTep6yprcKne THHbl: ()gemo'. CII6. 1865; KapaTbirvm II. Ana naca nononymm B pa3mix Kom(ax HeTep6ypra. CII6. 1867 14 Ap.). BbIXOASIT cneurianbribie H3AaH1451, nocssimennbie PlIaBHOPI' yJIHI1e CT01114111,1:

HCBCKH1I npocneKT: 10mopllcurrecKo-caTnprit1ecimil anb6om (CII6. 1869); Hesciatri npocnexT: BCCeJ1e111,K14fi c6opme cospememmix KyIIIICTOB, CTIIXO-

TB0pCHIA 11 HITIOBbIX paCCKa3OB pa3HbIX aBTOpOB C 110rIIITCJIbIlb1MH pncyn- Kat« 14 KaprixaTypamll. CII6. 1873; Illa.rionail Hel3CK0F0 npocneKTa: 10mopn- CTWIeCKIIII arib6om C KapincaTypamw CII6. 1883. A B CI3543H C I113yXCOTSIeTHHM

iffirmeem HeTep6ypra 1105113.11SIeTCH HJIBIOCTpHp0BaHHblr4 yspa)K (C ckoTonano- pamorl npocnelera): 50)Kepsmos H. H. "HeBcKnil npocnewr". 1703-1903: Ky.ribTypno-ricTopwiecKllil onepic AByXBeKOBOA )KH3HH C.-HeTep6ypra. (CH6.

1902-1903). T. 1-2. B 'come XIX BeKa HescianI, oco6emo no BetlepaM, o6peTeT penyTammo

mani-loro mecTa. Betrepom npocnexT 3anonnnna cneunclwiecKaz ny6nica H

"HO HencKomy CIIHTa110Cb nenpruminibim X0I114Tb neuncom HO Benepam". 31 Xypriam4cT XFIBOTOB, na6moRaBrunti no=mori Hel3CKH11 BeTOM 1893 r. C "H3-

KO3e11", IIHHICT: npoxo>KHe — "110 ,ITH HCKIIMIHTelIbH0 `oTpasnen- HbIe', C 6eCCMIACJIeHlib1M11 nopamn, HeTBernablMH HlaraMH, AVIKHM14 BbIX0aKaMH

[...] Ilucno `Aesun' Benllxo [...] Re6oinn Ha HeBCKOM npocnexTe npexpa-maroTcst TOJIbKO B 1151Tb qacos yTpa, KorAa pa3ortuTcz 110 BOMaM nocneArnie 110CeTHTCJIH pecTopanoB, Toprymiumx Ao Tpex-neThipex nacoB yTpa". 32

31 06o.neiiciadi B. A. Mos )1(1,13Hb. Moti COBNMeHHI4K11. Paris 1988, c. 15.

32 ACHBOTOB H. H. He'rep6yprcKme ripoctimin: Ha 113B03911'1611X KOUBX.

B posm 143BO34NKB. CH6. 1894. Bbin. 1, C. 15-16. CM. TaioKe: He'rro o Herojimx HaIBeN CT01111 1161 // Ple'1'ep6yprcu11 RIACTOK 1892. 24 aBrycTa: FINKIATI4H H. B. flerrep-

366 Anb6uu KotiegHbui

Ha py6exce XX nega cBeTcKaa ny6m4Ka HpegnotwaeT, KaK Torga Bb1-

pa)KaJmcb neTep6mKgm, "genaTh 6onbume nporymm"33 no Bonmnoft Mop- ~ti ynyme. "06brmast )KH3Hb ropcnka 6bina 6egHa H ogHoo6pa3Ha, — Bcnomm- HaeT MaHgenbinTam ropog Hanana XX Bela. — E)KegHenHo K Ilacam nani npoxcxogium rynsmbe Ha BOJIbILIOA Mopcicoú — OT Fopoxonoil jlo apKll FeHe- panmoro IuTa6a. BcC, tiTo 6b1J10 B ropoge npa3gHoro 14 BbIJIOLIACHHOI'0, meg- neHHo gmranocb Tyga H o6paTHo no TpoTyapam, pacimainuanch H nepe- cmeHsasich: 3BSIK innop, c1)paHHy3cKasi H aHrnmilcKan penb, )1CHBa1l BbICTaBKa

marannia 14 ›KoKetí-K.ny6a. noga Ace 60HHb1 H rynepHaHTKH, MO-

no)KaBble cppaHgy)KeHKH, HplIBOAHI114 geTeil: B3AOXHyTb H CpaBHHTb C EJIHCBA-

CKHM14 HOJISIMH". 34

"Ilporynxa no TpoTyapy Hescicoro npocnerra" (D. B. ByarapxHa ny6.T1H-KyeTcH HO H3gaHmo: JIHTepaTypHhie JIHCTKH 1824. (DeBpanb. N9 4, c. 117 - 133, MapT. N9. 5, c. 159-172, MapT. N2 6, c. 203-230. IlocTpaHnimbie HpHmegaHHR B onepKe npHHag.nexcaT aBTopy (B CHOCKaX 313e3R0 11Ka * 3ameHeHa Ha mcbphi). CoxpaHeimi apxalltiecKHe cpopmbi cnon 14 asTopciene CTHJIHCTI4iIeCKHe oco6eH-HOCTH. HCTOpHMCCKHe peamHH, HpHsegeHHE,Te aBTopoM, He Hyx(galoTcsi B Kop-pelernposKe. 3a COTIerICTBHe B pa6oTe 6.riarogapio Jlapncy HBaHOBy.

6ypr HO'161-0. C1-16. 1903 (o ,lepic "Taimbi HeBcKoro npocneKTa"); HOBble ne'rep6ypr-cKple Tprgo6b1: 04epKH CTOJINIIHOti NO131-114. 016. 6. r. (AHrapoB IO. HeBCKNil Beqe-

pom); HegeweBa B. HeBCKNii npocneKT: OmepK. 0-16. 1906; rigaci) Amopkt (4. F1. Panrocp). TaHHbI HeBcKoro npocneKTa. flerporpaiz 1915.

33 060J1eNCKNil B. A. MOSI )104311b. MON coBpemeHHHKH, c. 16. 34 Mawkenburram O. ErmnercKam mapKa. JI. 1928, c. 85.