19th Century Progress

Inventions and Developments

Setting the Stage

• The Industrial Revolution happened because of inventions such as the spinning jenny and the steam engine. By the late 1800s, advances in both industry and technology were occurring faster than ever before. In turn, the demands of growing industries spurred even greater advances in technology. A surge of scientific discovery pushed the frontiers of knowledge forward. At the same time, in industrialized countries, economic growth produced many social changes.

-World History, Patterns in Interaction

Inventions Make Life Easier

• Late 1800s gasoline made combustible engine possible

• 1870s electric generator developed, producing current thus powering machines

Inventions Make Life Easier

• Thomas Edison created over 1,000 inventions

• These were created in his research lab at Menlo Park, NJ

• Two of his most important inventions were…

The Light Bulb

The Phonograph

Communications Revolutionized

Alexander Graham Bell

-Invented the telephone

Guglielmo Marconi

-created first radio used to send messages wirelessly

Automobile Industry

• In the 1880s Germans had developed the automobile with a gasoline engine

• Cars were made by hand and extremely expensive

• Henry Ford used standardized interchangeable parts to make automobiles cheaper and faster to assemble

Henry Ford and the Automobile

• Ford developed the Assembly Line– A line of workers who each put a single piece

on an unfinished car as it passes on a moving belt

Ford Makes Cheaper Cars

• As production costs fell so did the price

Wright Brothers Take the Skies

• Wilbur and Orville Wright flew a gasoline powered machine at Kitty Hawk, NC on December 17, 1903 for 59 seconds

Medical Advancements

• Louis Pasteur develops pasteurization to kill germs in liquids

• Joseph Lister ordered surgical wards sterilized and washing wounds in antiseptics

• Cities built plumbing and sewer systems to prevent spread of disease

• Vaccines were developed for deadly diseases

Scientific Achievements

• Charles Darwin developed his theory of evolution– Survival of the fittest– Species adapt to their environment for

survival and pass on adaptations to their offspring over generation

Scientific Achievements

• Gregor Mendel discovered between the 1850s and 1860s that certain traits are inherited, thus beginning genetics

• John Dalton in 1803 theorized that all matter is made up of atoms

Scientific Achievements

• In 1869 Dmitri Mendeleev organized elements into a chart we now know as the Periodic Table

Scientific Achievements

• Marie and Pierre Curie discovered two elements that released a powerful energy– Radium– Polonium

• 1898, Marie called this energy radioactivity

Social Sciences

• Scholars begin to study ancient civilizations and world cultures leading to developments in the sciences of– Archaeology– Anthropology– Sociology – Psychology- the study of the human mind and

behavior

Social Sciences

• Ivan Pavlov believed human actions were unconscious reactions to experiences and could be changed by training– i.e. Pavlov’s Dog

Social Science

• Sigmund Freud also believed the unconscious mind drives how people think and act– Suppressed memories,

desires, and impulses shape behavior

• Developed psychoanalysis therapy to deal with conflict created by these forces

Mass Culture on the Rise

• Prior to the 20th Century art, music, and theatre were only enjoyed by the wealthy

• Around 1900 came Mass Culture- the appeal of art, writing, music, and other forms of entertainment for the masses

• More leisure time for people led them to demand more activities and entertainment

Entertainment

• Music Halls/Vaudeville Acts– Singers– Dancers– Comedians– Jugglers– Magicians– Acrobats

A cross between SNL and the Circus

Movies are Developed

• During the 1880s several inventors attempted to project moving images

• By 1900 filmmakers were producing feature films

• By 1910 10,000 Theaters

were open in the US alone

Sports Entertainment

• Spectator sports became entertainment at the turn of the century

• United States– Football and Baseball

Sports Entertainment

• European professional soccer clubs drew large crowds of spectators

• Cricket also was a popular British sport

Sports Entertainment

• The growing international interest in athletics revived the Olympic Games of Ancient Greek times

• 1896 first modern Olympic Games held in Athens, Greece