18 - electronic government concept

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About the Speaker

EDUCATION BACKGROUND   Doctor of Business Administration from University of

the City of Manila, Intramuros, Philippines   Master of Business Administration from Leicester

University, Leicester, United Kingdom   Master of Applied Computer Science from Harvard

University, Massachusetts, United States   Bachelor of Science from ITS Surabaya, Jawa Timur,

Indonesia ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES   Chairman, Perbanas School of Computing and

Information System, Jakarta, Indonesia   Faculty Member of Graduate School of Information

System Management, Master of Information System Management Program, Bina Nusantara University – Curtin University, Jakarta, Indonesia

  Faculty Member of Graduate School of Computer Science, Master of Information Technology Program, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

  Faculty Member of Graduate School of Economic and Management, Master of Management Program, Atmajaya University, Jakarta, Indonesia

  Faculty Member of Jakarta Institute of Arts, Undergraduate Program of Performing Arts, Jakarta, Indonesia

  Faculty Member of Graduate School of Management, Institut Pengembangan Manajemen Indonesia – Monash University, Jakarta, Indonesia

  Lead Lecturer of Graduate School of Management, Institut Manajemen Global Universal, Ujung Pandang, Indonesia

  Guest Lecturer of Industrial Technology Faculty, Surabaya Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia

  Vice President of Veritas Computing School and Professional Development Center, Cibubur, Indonesia

PROFESSIONAL RESEARCH   Chairman of Renaissance Center, Perbanas School of

Computing and Information System, Jakarta, Indonesia   Consultative Member of National Defence Division,

Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional (Lemhannas), Jakarta, Indonesia

  Vice President of National Management System Division, Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional (Lemhannas), Jakarta, Indonesia

  Member of Indonesian Cyber Policy Club   Member of National Acreditation Board   Advisory Board of Indonesian Internet Business

Community

WORK EXPERIENCE Current:   Chief Executive Officer of Computer-Aided Training

Center   Chief Executive Officer of PT Prima Mitranata   President Director of PT Renaissance Sentra Indonesia   President Director of PT Mitra Humanika Persada   Director of PT Veritas Informasi Prakarsa   Director of PT Peta Akses Cakrawala

Past:   President Director of PT Mitra-Artec Prima Sejati   Information System Director of PT Macro-Data Internusa   General Manager of Training and Consulting, Jakarta

Consulting Group, Jakarta, Indonesia   Business Manager of Prosys Bangun Nusantara,

Jakarta, Indonesia   Associate Director of Information Technology, Balai

Lelang Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia   Corporate Advisor, Rodamas, Jakarta, Indonesia   Consultant in Information Technology, Price

Waterhouse, Jakarta, Indonesia

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INPRES Nomor 3 Tahun 2003

  Tentang “Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional Pengembangan E-Government”

  Sejak tanggal 9 Juni 2003, Presiden RI menginstruksikan: 1.  Menteri 2.  Kepala Lembaga Pemerintah Non Departemen 3.  Pimpinan Kesekretariatan Lembata Tertinggi dan Tinggi Negara 4.  Panglima Tentara Nasional Indonesia 5.  Kepala Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia 6.  Jaksa Agung Republik Indonesia 7.  Gubernur 8.  Bupati/Walikota

untuk (1) “mengambil langkah-langkah yang diperlukan sesuai tugas, fungsi, dan kewenangan masing-masing guna terlaksananya pengembangan e-government secara nasional dengan berpedoman pada Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional Pengembangan E-Government…”

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Substansi INPRES

Bagian Utama   Motivasi Kebijakan E-Government

–  Tuntutan Perubahan –  Pemerintah yang Diharapkan

  Menuju E-Government –  Tujuan Pengembangan E-Government

  Kondisi Saat Ini –  Kesiapan Memanfaatkan Teknologi Informasi –  Inisiatif E-Government Sampai Saat Ini

  Strategi Pengembangan E-Government –  Langkah Pelaksanaan

Lampiran   Kerangka Arsitektur E-Government   Kerangka Pelaksanaan Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional

Pengembangan E-Government   Kerangka Kebijakan Anggaran Pengembangan E-Government

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Agenda for Today: the 10 Questions

1.  Why are we pursuing e-government? 2.  Do we have a clear vision and priorities for e-government? 3.  What kind of e-government are we ready for? 4.  Is there enough political will to lead the e-government effort? 5.  Are we selecting e-government projects in the best way? 6.  How should we plan and manage e-government projects? 7.  How will we overcome resistance from within the government? 8.  How will we measure and communicate progress? How will we

know if we are failing? 9.  What should our relationship be with the private sector? 10.  How can e-government improve citizen participation in public

affairs?

(Pacific Council on International Policy, 2002)

 WWhhyy aarree wwee ppuurrssuuiinngg ee--ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt??

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Definition of “Electronic Government”

World Bank   E-Government refers to the use by government agencies of information technologies (such as Wide Area Networks, the Internet, and mobile computing) that have the ability to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government.

United Nation Development Programme   E-government is the application of Information and Communicat-ion Technology (ICT) by government agencies.

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Asian Development Bank   E-government is the use of information and communications technology (ICT) to promote more efficient and cost-effective government, facilitate more convenient government services, allow greater public access to information, and make government more accountable to citizens.

Price Waterhouse Coopers   E-government is about bringing the government into the world of the Internet, and work on Internet time.

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Software Vendor (SAP)   E-government is a global reform movement to promote Internet use by government agencies and everyone who deals with them.

Hardware Vendor (IBM)   Electronic government is nothing short of a fundamental transformation of government and governance at a scale we have not witnessed since the beginning of the industrial era.

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Federal Government of USA   E-government refers to the delivery of government information and services online through the Internet or other digital means.

Government of New Zealand   E-government is a way for governments to use the new technologies to provide people with more convenient access to government information and services, to improve the quality of the services and to provide greater opportunities to participate in our democratic institutions and processes.

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State of Nevada   online services that eradicate the traditional barriers

that prevent citizens and businesses from using government services and replace those barriers with convenient access;

  government operations for internal constituencies that simplify the operational demands of government for both agencies and employees.

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Government of Italy The use of modern ICT in the modernization of our administration, which comprise the following classes of action: 1. Computerization designed to enhance operational efficiency within individual departments and agencies; 2. Computerization of services to citizens and firms, often implying integration among the services of different departments and agencies; 3. Provision of ICT access to final users of government services and information.

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Karakteristik DEFINISI E-GOVERNMENT   Merupakan suatu mekanisme interaksi baru (moderen) antara pemerintah dengan masyarakat dan kalangan lain yang berkepentingan (stakeholder); dimana   Melibatkan penggunaan teknologi informasi (komputer dan telekomunikasi, terutama internet); dengan tujuan utama   Memperbaiki mutu (kualitas) pelayanan publik.

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Paradigm Shift

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Manfaat E-Government (internal forces)

  Memperbaiki kualitas pelayanan pemerintah kepada para stakeholder-nya (masyarakat, kalangan bisnis, dan industri) terutama dalam hal kinerja efektivitas dan efisiensi di berbagai bidang kehidupan bernegara;

  Meningkatkan transparansi, kontrol, dan akuntabilitas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dalam rangka penerapan konsep Good Governance di pemerintahan (bebas KKN);

  Mengurangi secara signifikan total biaya administrasi, relasi, dan interaksi yang dikeluarkan pemerintah maupun stakeholdernya untuk keperluan aktivitas sehari-hari;

  Memberikan peluang bagi pemerintah untuk mendapatkan sumber-sumber pendapatan baru melalui interaksinya dengan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan;

  Menciptakan suatu lingkungan masyarakat baru yang dapat secara cepat dan tepat menjawab berbagai permasalahan yang dihadapi sejalan dengan berbagai perubahan global dan trend yang ada; dan

  Memberdayakan masyarakat dan pihak-pihak lain sebagai mitra pemerintah dalam proses pengambilan berbagai kebijakan publik secara merata dan demokratis.

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Manfaat E-Government (external forces)

  Desakan dari negara-negara besar dalam rangka globalisasi (pasar terbuka dan perdagangan bebas) - pemerintah harus menyediakan iklim kondusif   Tuntutan menjadi negara yang demokratis - pemerintah harus responsif   Penerapan good governance - pemerintah harus memperhatikan aspek-aspek transparancy, accountability, dan responsibility   Alokasi beragam sumber daya – pemerintah harus memiliki landasan berpijak dalam membuat kebijakan   Implementasi knowledge-based economy – pemerintah harus merubah paradigma (transformasi fungsi)

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E-Government in Action

 DDoo wwee hhaavvee aa cclleeaarr vviissiioonn aanndd pprriioorriittiieess ffoorr ee--ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt??

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Vision of E-Government

  Should be a shared vision by stakeholders (government and non-government) –  find common denominators

  Should be citizen-centered –  improving the quality of life

  Should be easily understood and linked to the programs –  simple sentence, clear and strong meaning

  Should be well communicated –  make the people understasnd, followed by key objectives

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Vision Characteristics

  Improving services to citizens;   Improving the productivity (and efficiency) of government agencies;   Strengthening the legal system and law enforcement;   Promoting priority economic sectors;   Improving the quality of life for disadvantaged coummunities; and   Strengthtening good governance and broadening public participation.

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 WWhhaatt kkiinndd ooff ee--ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt aarree wwee rreeaaddyy ffoorr??

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Type of E-Government Initiatives

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Research Results

  Year 2000 – Indonesia rank 123 for IT infrastructure and superstructure (from 178 countries) –  #1 United States

  Year 2002 – Indonesian rank 95 for e-Government (from 123 countries), evaluated by Brown University –  #1 Taiwan

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Research Results

  Year 2001 by world’s region (190 countries), evaluated by UNDPEPA (United Nations Division for Public Economics and Public Administration)

1.  North America 2.60 2.  Europe 2.01 3.  South America 1.79 4.  Middle East 1.76 55..  AAssiiaa//OOcceeaanniiaa 11..3377 6.  Carribean 1.34 7.  Central America 1.28 8.  Africa 0.84

–  Year 2001 Top Ten by country, evaluated by UNDPEPA 1.  United States 3.11 2.  Australia 2.60 3.  New Zealand 2.59 44..  SSiinnggaappoorree 22..5599 5.  Norway 2.55 6.  Canada 2.52 7.  United Kingdom 2.52 8.  Netherlands 2.51 9.  Denmark 2.47 10. Germany 2.46

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E-Government Application Evolution

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About the Readiness

  Readiness for e-government is not only a governmental issue   Readinesss starts with political will   Readiness also rests on information policy   Other keys factors for readiness:

–  Telecommunication infrastructure –  Current connectivity and ICT usage by government –  Human capital within government –  Existing and expected budgetary resources –  E-business climate –  Officials’ readniness for change

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Paradigm Change

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About the Leaders

  Find where e-leaders are emerging   Expect opposition and setbacks   Motivate political leaders   Sustain leadership   Presevere   Promote

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KKeebbiijjaakkaann ddaann ssttrraatteeggii PPeennggeemmbbaannggaann ee--GGoovveerrnnmmeenntt

SSttaannddaarr KKeellaayyaakkaann PPeellaayyaannaann EElleekkttrroonniikk

KKeebbiijjaakkaann IInntteerrooppeerraabbiilliittaass SSiittuuss PPeemmeerriinnttaahh

KKeebbiijjaakkaann PPeemmaannffaaaattaann,, KKeerraahhaassiiaaaann,, ddaann KKeeaammaannaann IInnffoorrmmaassii

PPaanndduuaann SSiisstteemm MMaannaajjeemmeenn IInnffoorrmmaassii ddaann DDookkuummeenn EElleekkttrroonniikk

PPaanndduuaann PPeennggeemmbbaannggaann AApplliikkaassii,, MMuuttuu ddaann JJaannggkkaauuaann PPeellaayyaannaann MMaassyyaarraakkaatt

PPaanndduuaann PPeennggeemmbbaannggaann IInntteerrooppaarriibbiilliittaass PPoorrttaall PPeemmeerriinnttaahh

Kerangka Pengembangan Pelayanan Publik

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KKeebbiijjaakkaann ddaann SSttrraatteeggii PPeennggeemmbbaannggaann ee--GGoovveerrnnmmeenntt

KKeebbiijjaakkaann PPeennddiiddiikkaann ee--GGoovveerrnnmmeenntt

PPaanndduuaann PPrrooyyeekk ee--GGoovveerrmmeenntt

KKeebbiijjaakkaann PPeennggeemmbbaannggaann KKeeppeemmeerriinnttaahhaann yyaanngg BBaaiikk ddaann MMaannaajjeemmeenn PPeerruubbaahhaann

KKeebbiijjaakkaann KKeelleemmbbaaggaaaann ddaann OOttoorriissaassii PPeemmaannffaaaattaann ddaann PPeerrttuukkaarraann IInnffoorrmmaassii

KKeebbiijjaakkaann KKeeiikkuutt SSeerrttaaaann SSeekkttoorr SSwwaassttaa ddaallaamm PPeennyyeelleennggggaarraaaann ee--GGoovveerrnnmmnneett

PPeennyyuussuunnaann RReennccaannaa IInndduukk ee--GGoovv LLeemmbbaaggaa

Kerangka Sistem Manajemen dan Kelembagaan

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KKeebbiijjaakkaann ddaann SSttrraatteeggii PPeennggeemmbbaannggaann ee--GGoovveerrnnmmeenntt

SSaassaarraann ee--GGoovveerrnnmmeenntt

AArraahh ddaann PPrriioorriittaass AAnnggggaarraann

SSttrruukkttuurr AAPPBBNN

TTaahhaappaann PPeennggeemmbbaannggaann ee--GGoovveerrnnmmeenntt

KKeerraannggkkaa AAllookkaassii

AAnnggggaarraann

PPeerrssyyaarraattaann KKeellaayyaakkaann

PPeemmbbiiaayyaaaann

Kerangka Perencanaan dan Alokasi Anggaran

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 AArree wwee sseelleeccttiinngg ee--ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt pprroojjeeccttss iinn tthhee bbeesstt wwaayy??

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Selecting and Prioritizing Projects

  Do a diagnosis   Shop around   Match the project to the vision   See e-government from the user’s perspective   Pick winners   Think ambitiously, but implement discretely (“think big, start small,

scale fast”)   Clarify existing procedures   Ask your customers

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Things to Consider

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41


42


 HHooww sshhoouulldd wwee ppllaann aanndd mmaannaaggee ee--ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt pprroojjeeccttss??

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Managing Portfolio of Projects

  Consider establishing e-government teams within government   Ensure the project management team has sufficient authority   Develop a work plan to implement the priority e-government projects

–  Content development –  Competency building –  Connectivity –  Cyber laws –  Citizen interfaces –  Capital

  Establish mechanisms for the continuing involvement of key stakeholders

  E-government management is more than implementing projects; it means planning for capacity-building

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Key Success Factors

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Things to Do

  Understand   See “buy-in”   Explain   Train   Evaluate   Force   Solicit   Reward   Praise and celebrate

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Priority Matrix

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Performance Indicators

  Performance is the key   Set overall performance criteria   Set banchmarks to measure progress   Plan and publicize “quick wins” for e-government

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E-Government Capacity Check

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E-Government Coordination

 WWhhaatt sshhoouulldd oouurr rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp bbee wwiitthh tthhee pprriivvaattee sseeccttoorr??

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Strategic Alliances

  Treat the private sector as a partner   Everyone needs “return on investment”   Minimizing “brain drain” requires planning   Create realistic business models for e-government projects   Find each partner’s strengths   Develop formal policies on outsourcing   Identify counterparts

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Public vs Private Sector

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Council for Excellence Mechanism

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 HHooww ccaann ee--ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt iimmpprroovvee cciittiizzeenn ppaarrttiicciippaattiioonn iinn ppuubblliicc aaffffaaiirrss??

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People Participation

  Learn as you go   Click-and-collaborate   Citizens are the e-government experts   Make public input easy   E-government is evaluated through public participation

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Conclusion

  The Three Key Success Factors

1. Leadership 2. Change 3. Roadmap

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Richardus Eko Indrajit

http://www.indrajit.org

[email protected] [email protected]

Thank You

Q&A

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Referensi: Buku dan Dokumen Publik

  California Franchise Tax Board, E-Government Blueprint, Califormat Franchise Board Members, September 2000.

  City of Los Angeles, Final E-Government Strategy Report, E-Government Services Project by Price Waterhouse Coopers, January 2000.

  Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, E-Government: Delivering Local Government Online – Milestones and Resources for the 2005 Target, Eland House, Bressenden Place, London, 2001.

  International Consortium on Governmental Financial Management, The Impact of E-Government on Financial Management: Corruption Risks and Control Rewards – Proceedings of Fifteenth Annual International Financial Management Conference, Miami Florida, April 2001.

  Pacific Council on International Policy, Roadmap for E-Government in the Developing World, the Working Grouop on E-Government in the Developing Country, 2002.

  The Council for Excellence in Government, E-Government The Next American Revolution, Intergovernmental Technology Consortium, 2000.

  United Kingdom Cabinet Office, Electronic Government Services for the 21st Century, September 2000.

  United States Government Working Group, Leadership for the New Millenium – Delivering on Digital Progress and Prosperity – the 3rd Annual Report, 2000.

  Washington State Digital Government, Turning Government to Face the People – Release 2, 2000.

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Referensi: Jurnal, Artikel, dan Presentasi

  Belt, Juan A.B., E-Government: an Essential Element of a Strategy to Promote a Knowledge-Based Society, World Bank, June 2001.   Caldow, Janet, e-Gov Goes Wireless: From Palm to Shining Palm, IBM Institue for Electronic Government, August 2001.   Caldow, Janet, Seven E-Government Leadership Milestones, IBM Institue for Electronic Government, 2001.   Caldow, Janet, The Quest for Electronic Government: A Defining Vision, IBM Institute for Electronic Government, July 1999.   Darcy, David, E-Government Best Practices – An Implementation Manual, Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, May 2001.   Dickshon, Brooke J., Update on E-Government, Information Policy and Technology – Office of Management and Budget of US Government, 2000.   Frater, Tony, e-Government in the US Federal Government, Information Policy and Technology, OMB, September 2001.   Forman, Mark A., Achieving the Vision of e-Government, July 2001.   Galby, Douglas A., E-Government: Developing State Communications in a Free Media Environment, Federal Communications Commission, February

2001.   Governo do Estado de Sao Paulo, Improving Service Delivery to Citizens: The Right to Information and Communication, Washington DC, June 2001.   Haedtler, David, Transforming the Public Sector through E-Government, US Symposium IT Expo 2001, Colorado Convention Center, May 2001.   Ho, Alfred T., Reinventing Local Governments and the E-Government Initiative, Iowa State University, Public Administration Review, 2002.   Kelly, Carol, The Information Nexus and the Transformation to e-Government, Public Sector Strategies – META Group, 1999.   Khandelwal, Mukesh, Electronic Government Implementation – Multi-Dimensional Challenge, Oyster Solution, 2001.   Mak, Stephen, An Enabling IT Architecture and Infrastructure to Support E-Government, Information Technology Services Department, April 2001.   McConnell International, Seizing E-Government Opportunities: Assessment, Prioritization, and Action, A World Free of Property, June 2001.   Morin, Theresa, Ken Devansky, Gard Little, and Craig Petrun, The Future of Information Leadership, Price Waterhouse Coopers Know-How Series, 2000.   National Association of Counties, 2000 E-Government Survey, NACO, 2000.   Office of Liaison with International Financial Institutions, An Overview of E-Government Opportunities at the World Bank and the Inter-American

Development Bank, Canada Embassy, September 2001.   Palmer, Jonathan, Alternative Funding Strategy for Electronic Commerce Projects, Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, May 2000.   Pellici, Jack, Next Generation e-Government: Making the Tranformation, Oracle Service Industries, September 2001.   Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, E-Government Action Plan, Dipartimento Della Funzione Pubblica, June 2000.   Rimmer, John, Electronic Government in Australia’s Information Economy, National Office for the Information Economy, Canberra, Australia, September

2001.   Ronen, Joiwind, Empowering Citizens and Communities, Technology Leadership Consortium, 2000.   SilverSource e-Government Steering Committee, Nevada’s Electronic Government Statement of Direction – Appendix B, March 2001.   Strover, Sharon, and Joe Straunbhaar, E-Government Services and Computer and Internet Use in Texas, A Report from the Telecommunications and

Information Policy Institute, University of Texas at Austin, June 2000.   Suda, Bob, Buyers/Sellers Views on B2G, GSA Federal Technology Services, Septemebr 2001.   Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat, e-Government Capacity Check – Lessons Learned Report, Chief Informat-ion Officer Branch August 2000.   UNDP, E-Government: Consideration for Arab States, April 2001.   World Bank Group, Electronic Government Procurement: Mexico’s Compranet Pilot Project, Washington, June 2001.   Westcott, Clay G., E-Government in the Asia-Pacific Region, Asia Development Bank, 2001.   Westcott, Grant., Business Case for e-Government 2005, Government Telecommunications and Informatics Services, Canada, 2000.   West, Darrell M., State and Federal Government in the United States, Brown University, 2001.   World Markets Research Centre, Global E-Government Survey, Brown University, USA, September 2001.   Zhu, Raphael, Case Study: “Digital Park”, Beard Hi-Tech Ltd. Corp., November 2000.

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Alamat Situs E-Government di Indonesia

  DDeeppaarrtteemmeenn AAggaammaa wwwwww..ddeeppaagg..ccoomm   DDeeppaarrtteemmeenn KKeehhaakkiimmaann ddaann HHaakk AAssaassii

MMaannuussiiaa wwwwww..iittjjeenn..ddeeppkkeehhhhaamm..ggoo..iidd   DDeeppaarrtteemmeenn KKeehhuuttaannaann wwwwww..ddeepphhuutt..ggoo..iidd   DDeeppaarrtteemmeenn KKeesseehhaattaann wwwwww..ddeeppkkeess..ggoo..iidd   DDeeppaarrtteemmeenn KKeeuuaannggaann wwwwww..ddeeppkkeeuu..ggoo..iidd   DDeeppaarrtteemmeenn KKooppeerraassii wwwwww..ddeeppkkoopp..ggoo..iidd   DDeeppaarrtteemmeenn LLuuaarr NNeeggeerrii wwwwww..ddeepplluu..ggoo..iidd   DDeeppaarrtteemmeenn PPaarriiwwiissaattaa wwwwww..ddeeppbbuuddppaarr..ggoo..iidd   DDeeppaarrtteemmeenn PPeekkeerrjjaaaann UUmmuumm wwwwww..ppuu..ggoo..iidd   DDeeppaarrtteemmeenn PPeemmuukkiimmaann ddaann PPrraassaarraannaa

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wwwwww..ddpprriinn..ggoo..iidd   DDeeppaarrtteemmeenn PPeerrhhuubbuunnggaann

wwwwww..ddeepphhuubb..ggoo..iidd//iinnddeexx..aasspp   DDeeppaarrtteemmeenn PPeerrttaahhaannaann wwwwww..hhaannkkaamm..ggoo..iidd   DDeeppaarrtteemmeenn PPeerrttaammbbaannggaann ddaann EEnneerrggii

wwwwww..sseettjjeenn..ddppee..ggoo..iidd   DDeeppaarrtteemmeenn PPeerrttaanniiaann wwwwww..ddeeppttaann..ggoo..iidd   DDeeppaarrtteemmeenn SSeennii ddaann BBuuddaayyaa

wwwwww..ddeeppaarrsseenniibbuudd..ggoo..iidd

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wwwwww..rrii..ggoo..iidd   DDeewwaann PPeerrwwaakkiillaann RRaakkyyaatt wwwwww..ddpprr..ggoo..iidd   MMaajjeelliiss PPeerrmmuussaawwaarraattaann RRaakkyyaatt wwwwww..mmpprr..ggoo..iidd   BBaaddaann PPeerreennccaannaaaann PPeemmbbaanngguunnaann NNaassiioonnaall

wwwwww..bbaappppeennaass..ggoo..iidd   BBaannkk IInnddoonneessiiaa

wwwwww..bbii..ggoo..iidd//bbaannkk__iinnddoonneessiiaa22//   BBaaddaann UUrruussaann LLooggiissttiikk wwwwww..bbuulloogg..ggoo..iidd   BBaaddaann PPuussaatt SSttaattiissttiikk wwwwww..bbppss..ggoo..iidd   BBaaddaann PPeennggeemmbbaannggaann ddaann PPeenneerraappaann

TTeekknnoollooggii wwwwww..bbpppptt..ggoo..iidd

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Alamat Situs E-Government berbagai Negara

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71

Penjelasan Lebih Lanjut

TTeerriimmaa KKaassiihh

18 - electronic government concept

Government & Nonprofit