16.5 Russia Emerges

Ivan the Terrible• First Czar 1547 at age 3• Boyars (nobility) fought for power w/ Ivan. Absolute rule ex: Oprichnina

• Killed son, led to civil war and the period known as the “Time of Troubles”

Romanov Dynasty

• Time of Troubles (civil war) lasted until Michael Romanov began the Romanov dynasty (1613-1917) restores order for Russia.

Peter the Great (Reigned 1682-1725)• Tsar at 10 but not sole ruler until age 17• In 1697 he journeys west to learn their ways• When he returned he embarked on a policy of “Westernization”• Limited power of Church (land, wealth now his)• Forced Nobles to serve the state (civilian or military)

• What do they get in return?• Education is the key to progress (new schools)• No beards, dress, calendar, schools, women's rights

Reforms in practice• Increased and spread serfdom• Forced military service

• Largest army and a world class navy• Expanded Russia’s borders (East and West)• Built St/ Petersburg on the Baltic after defeating the Swedish (thousands died)• Peterhof (“Russian Versailles”)

• Legacy?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Peterhof_cascade_2048px.jpg

St. Petersburg

• Forced movement of nobles. Similar to whom?

• PUT RUSSIA ON THE MAP FOR IMPORTANCE IN EUROPE/WORLD!

Catherine the Great (1762-1796)• German princess married Tsar Peter III• Elevated to rule by the Russian Army officers• Continued policy of favoring Boyars and the

expense of the Peasantry• Gained ports on the Black sea after

defeating the Turks• 1772 Partitioned Poland (with Austrians and

Prussians)• Well educated in “enlightenment” ideas she

would work to modernize Russia• Reorganized provincial government• Law codes• State sponsored education for boys and girls