16270 power transformers

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SECTION 16270

POWER TRANSFORMERS

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 ESCRIPTION

A. Genera!" T#$s se%&$on %o'ers re()$remen&s for e *ower &ransformers+a**)r&enan%es+ s*are *ar&s+ an, &oo!s.

-. T#e %on&ra%& $&ems 20 / 6 / Power Transformer+ an, 6 / 1.3 / Power Transformer $n%!),e ,es$4n$n4+ man)fa%&)r$n4+ fa%&or5&es&$n4+ an, ,e!$'er$n4 &o ar'e5 O. -an/s P)m*$n4 P!an& *ower&ransformers an, a**)r&enan%es as s*e%$f$e,.

C. T#e %on&ra%& $&em 6 / .16 / Power Transformer $n%!),es,es$4n$n4+ man)fa%&)r$n4+ fa%&or5 &es&$n4+ an, ,e!$'er$n4 &o So) -a5P)m*$n4 P!an& *ower &ransformers an, a**)r&enan%es as s*e%$f$e,.

. T#e %on&ra%& $&em A%%essor$es+ S*are Par&s+ an, Too!s $n%!),es,es$4n$n4+ man)fa%&)r$n4+ an, ,e!$'er$n4 &o So) -a5 P)m*$n4 P!an&an, ar'e5 O. -an/s P)m*$n4 P!an& &oo!s an, s*are *ar&s for *ower&ransformers as s*e%$f$e,.

E. T#e Con&ra%&or s#a!! )n!oa, e e()$*men& an, ma&er$a!s *ro'$,e, eCon&ra%&or mee&s e re()$remen&s as s*e%$f$e, $n Para4ra*# 1.06 F.

1.2 RELATE SECTIONS

A. S)**!emen&ar5 Genera! Con,$&$ons+ Genera! Con,$&$ons+ $'$s$on 1se%&$ons+ an, raw$n4s a**!5 &o $s se%&$on. T#$s se%&$on ma5 re()$re,$re%& %orre!a&$on w$ e fo!!ow$n4 se%&$ons of e %on&ra%&"

1. Se%&$on 070 Coa&$n4s.

2. Se%&$on 16080 -as$% E!e%&r$%a! Ma&er$a!s an, Meo,s.

. Se%&$on1686 Ser'$%es of an Ere%&$n4 En4$neer.

. Se%&$on 168 Tra$n$n4 Pro4ram.

8. Se%&$on 16882 L$a$son Ser'$%es.

1. REFERENCES

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for @a%/$n4+ !$f&$n4+ *)!!$n4+ an, an%#or$n4 w#en e &ransformersare w$o)& o$! an, w$ o$! f$!!e,.

4. T#e !$f&$n4 ,$a4ram s#a!! $n%!),e e a%&)a! we$4#&s of %ore an,%o$!+ &an/ an, f$&&$n4s+ !$f&$n4 *o$n&s+ s*rea,er $f re()$re,+ an, o$!

for e &ransformers+ $f e5 are s)$&a:!e for !$f&$n4 w$ o$!.

#. O)&!$ne ,raw$n4s s#ow$n4 o'era!! ,$mens$ons of e&ransformer. S.

4a!!ons a& 20 ,e4rees C.

s. Ra&$n4 of a);$!$ar5 e()$*men&+ $n%!),$n4 a$r %oo!$n4 fans.

&. a&a an, ,raw$n4s for e ,e9ener4$?e, !oa, &a* %#an4er.

). raw$n4s s#ow$n4 e ,e&a$!s of e remo'a:!e safe&5 *os&ss5s&em.

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'. S%#ema&$% an, %onne%&$on ,$a4rams for s)**!5 an, %on&ro!%$r%)$&s for fan mo&ors an, a);$!$ar5 ,e'$%es.

. Tes& Pro%e,)res"

a. Tes& *ro%e,)res for fa%&or5 &es&s $n%!),$n4 a !$s& of $ns&r)men&s+a**!$an%es+ %a!$:ra&$on *ro%e,)res+ &es& ,e'$%es+ a%&)a! fa%&or5&es&s se()en%e an, %onne%&$on ,$a4rams for ea%# &ransformer&es&s+ :)s#$n4 &es&s+ :)s#$n4 %)rren& &ransformer &es&s+ s)r4earres&er &es&s+ s#or& %$r%)$& &es&s+ an, an5 m$s%e!!aneo)s &es&s &o:e *erforme,.

. F$na! a&a"

a. >*on %om*!e&$on of fa:r$%a&$on an, &es&$n4 of ea%# &ransformer+s$; %o*$es of e &es& re*or&s an, ,a&a for ea%# &ransformer.

:. T#e &es& re*or&s s#a!! $n%!),e sam*!e %a!%)!a&$ons an, eform)!as )se, $n ,e&erm$n$n4 e &es& res)!&s. T#e $m*)!se &es&re*or& s#a!! $n%!),e *r$n&s of ne%essar5 os%$!!o4ram"

1= O$! !ea/ &es&.

2= Im*)!se &es&.

= Os%$!!o4ram of a**!$e, 'o!&a4e.

= A**!$e, *o&en&$a! &es&.

8= In,)%e, *o&en&$a! &es&.

6= Losses+ $n /$!owa&&s a& ra&e, 'o!&a4e+ 1.0 an, 0.8 !a44$n4*ower fa%&or a&"

a= No !oa,.

:= 80 *er%en& of ra&e, o)&*)&.

%= 78 *er%en& of ra&e, o)&*)&.

,= 100 *er%en& of ra&e, o)&*)&.

7= Per%en& re4)!a&$on a& ra&e, /A :ase"

a= >n$&5 *ower fa%&or.

:= 0.8 !a44$n4 *ower fa%&or.

%= 0.30 !a44$n4 *ower fa%&or.

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3= Per%en& $m*e,an%e a& ra&e, 'o!&a4e+ an, ra&e,


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%= Ne& we$4#& of %ore an, %o$!s for ea%# &ransformer $n*o)n,s.

,= Ne& we$4#& of &an/+ %o'er an, f$&&$n4s for ea%#&ransformer.

e= Ne& we$4#& of ra,$a&ors an, fans for ea%# &ransformer.

2= o!)me a&a"

a= o!)me of o$! $n ea%# &ransformer &an/ $n >. S. 4a!!onsa& 20 ,e4rees C.

:= o!)me of o$! $n ra,$a&ors an, *$*$n4 $n >. S. 4a!!ons a&20 ,e4rees C for ea%# &ransformer.

1.8 ESIGN CRITERIA FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS

A. Genera!"

1. T#e *ower &ransformers s#a!! :e &wo w$n,$n4+ o$! $mmerse,+ *a,mo)n&e,+ se!f9%oo!e, an, for%e, a$r %oo!e, an, s#a!! :e ,es$4ne,w$ ,e9ener4$?e, &a* %#an4er.

2. T#e )&$!$&5 *ower s)**!5 w$!! norma!!5 :e a& 20 / B *er%en& a& ear'e5 O. -an/s P)m*$n4 P!an& Sw$&%#5ar,.

. T#e )&$!$&5 9*#ase s#or& %$r%)$& %on&r$:)&$on a& ar'e5 O. -an/sP)m*$n4 P!an& Sw$&%#5ar, w$!! :e w$!! :e 26+3 A a& 20 /.

. T#e %ons&r)%&$on of e ma$n &an/ an, e o$! *reser'a&$on s5s&emof e *ower &ransformers s#a!! *ro'$,e for &em*era&)re %#an4esa&&a$ne, :e&ween no9!oa, an, ma;$m)m ra&e, !oa, o*era&$on. T#eam:$en& &em*era&)re w$!! 'ar5 :e&ween 910 ,e4rees C an,80 ,e4rees C. In a%%or,an%e w$ Se%&$on .1 an, . of

ANSI C87.12.00+ e a'era4e am:$en& &em*era&)re for an5 2 #o)r*er$o, s#a!! no& e;%ee, 0 ,e4rees C.

8. O*era&$on of e &ransformers w$!! :e a& an e!e'a&$on :e!ow+000 fee& a:o'e sea !e'e!.

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-. Se$sm$% Ca*a:$!$&5"

1. Se$sm$% es$4n Cr$&er$a"

a. T#e *ower &ransformers s#a!! rema$n f)n%&$ona! an, o*era:!e,)r$n4 an, s):se()en& &o e a**!$%a&$on of se$sm$% !oa,$n4.W$n, !oa,s s#a!! no& :e ass)me, &o o%%)r s$m)!&aneo)s!5 w$se$sm$% !oa,s.

:. A s&r)%&)re res*onse s*e%&r)m $n,$%a&$n4 res*onses a& e&ransformers are e;*e%&e, &o e;*er$en%e ,)r$n4 a se$sm$% e'en&$s s#own on e s*e%&r)m %#ar& $n A**en,$; II+ A'era4eS*e%&r)m 80D 4. T#e &ransformers an, e$r an%#ora4e s#a!!:e ,es$4ne, &o res$s& ear()a/es #a'$n4 a ?ero *er$o,a%%e!era&$on

1= A s&a&$% ana!5s$s w$ an )nam*!$f$e, ?ero *er$o,a%%e!era&$on w$!! :e a!!owe,+ *ro'$,e, %a!%)!a&$ons or &es&,a&a 'er$f5 a& e %om*onen& resonan%e o%%)rs a:o'e ?.

2= A s$m*!$f$e, *se),o,5nam$% a**roa%# )s$n4 a %onser'a&$'eam*!$f$%a&$on fa%&or or oer meo, as a**ro'e, w$!! :ea!!owe, for ana!5s$s.

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,. A ,am*$n4 'a!)e of 2 *er%en& ma5 :e )se, for *or%e!a$n an,ose 'a!)es for oer ma&er$a!s s#a!! :e as s*e%$f$e, $n IEEES&an,ar, + S):se%&$on .8.2 an, .8. or as es&a:!$s#e, :5,5nam$% &es&$n4. T#e 'a!)e of e ma;$m)m mo,e! res*onses#a!! :e ,e&erm$ne, :5 )s$n4 e res*onse s*e%&ra s#own on

e a'era4e s*e%&r)m %#ar&+ A**en,$; II.

e. T#e Con&ra%&or ma5+ $n !$e) of ,e&erm$n$n4 e na&)ra!fre()en%$es+ )se e meo, ,es%r$:e, $n IEEE +S):se%&$on 8.+ &$&!e, S&a&$% Coeff$%$en& Ana!5s$s for a&e()$*men& w#ere ,ef!e%&$ons nee, no& :e %a!%)!a&e,.

f. T#e %a!%)!a&e, s&resses )n,er se$sm$% %on,$&$ons ma5 :e$n%rease, &o 180 *er%en& of e a!!owa:!e wor/$n4 s&ress :)&s#a!! no& :e 4rea&er an e fo!!ow$n4"

1= S&resses $n s&ee! or %o**er %om*onen&s s#a!! no& e;%ee,

0 *er%en& 5$e!, s&ren4 $n :en,$n4+ 38 *er%en& 5$e!,s&ren4 $n &ens$on+ or 80 *er%en& 5$e!, s&ren4 $n s#ear.

2= S&resses $n %eram$% %om*onen&s s#a!! no& e;%ee, *er%en& of a& %om*onen&s )!&$ma&e s&ren4.

. o%)men&a&$on of Com*!$an%e &o Se$sm$% Cr$&er$a"

a. a&a s#a!! es&a:!$s# &o e sa&$sfa%&$on of e En4$neer a& ee()$*men& &o :e f)rn$s#e, mee&s e s*e%$f$e, se$sm$%re()$remen&s. a&a s#a!! %ons$s& of se$sm$% ana!5s$s+ &es& ,a&a+

or a %om:$na&$on of se$sm$% ana!5s$s an, &es& ,a&a. T#$s ,a&as#a!! :e a%%om*an$e, w$ a %er&$f$%a&e of %om*!$an%e a&&es&$n4&o e %om*!e&eness+ a%%)ra%5+ an, %om*!$an%e w$ ese$sm$% re()$remen&s. T#e %er&$f$%a&e of %om*!$an%e s#a!! :es$4ne, :5 e Con&ra%&ors re*resen&a&$'e an, a re4$s&ere,*rofess$ona! en4$neer ()a!$f$e, $n e f$e!, of se$sm$% '$:ra&$on.

C. Ra&$n4s"

1. T#e ra&$n4 of e 6 / .16 / *ower &ransformers s#a!! :e asfo!!ows"

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Ra&$n4sSo) -a5

P)m*$n4 P!an&

Con&$n)o)s f)!! !oa, %a*a%$&5 ONAN 0+000 /A

Con&$n)o)s f)!! !oa, %a*a%$&5 ONAF 0+000 /A

Fre()en%5 60 ?

N)m:er of *#ases

$4# 'o!&a4e 6 /

Low 'o!&a4e .16 /

$4# 'o!&a4e w$n,$n4 %onne%&$on W5e+ so!$,!5 4ro)n,e,ne)&ra!

Low 'o!&a4e w$n,$n4 %onne%&$on e!&a

Per%en&a4e Im*e,an%e on ONAN ra&e,

/A :ase+ !$ne &o L !$ne

.0D

Ins)!a&$on C!ass


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. Ea%# &ransformer s#a!! #a'e e fo!!ow$n4 %#ara%&er$s&$%s"

1. S#or&9&$me erma! !oa, %a*a:$!$&5 of 28 &$mes e ra&e,


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s#$*men& s#a!! :e *ro*er!5 mar/e, an, $,en&$f$e, for ease ofreassem:!5 $n e f$e!,. T#e Con&ra%&or s#a!! no& s#$* e&ransformers+ &oo!s an, s*are *ar&s )n&$! e En4$neer $ns*e%&s e&ransformers $ns$,e an, o)&s$,e+ an, a**ro'es e *re*ara&$on fors#$*men&.

2. T#e &ransformers ma5 :e s#$**e, w$ or w$o)& o$!. T#e %ore an,%o$!s s#a!! :e s#$**e, $n ea%# &ransformers &an/.

. If e &ransformers are s#$**e, w$o)& o$!+ ea%# &an/ s#a!! :e*)r4e, an, *ress)r$?e, w$ ,r5+ nono;$,$?$n4+ $ner& 4as. O$!*reser'a&$on s5s&em a**ara&)s ma5 :e )&$!$?e, for *re*ara&$on fors#$*men&+ &rans*or&a&$on an, s&ora4e+ or a se*ara&e 4as s)**!5re4)!a&$on s5s&em ma5 :e *ro'$,e,. Ea%# 4as *ress)re s5s&ems#a!! a)&oma&$%a!!5 ma$n&a$n a *os$&$'e *ress)re of 1H2 &o 3 *s$,)r$n4 s#$*men&. T#e 4as *ress)re s5s&ems w$!! :e ma$n&a$ne, :5e e*ar&men& af&er ,e!$'er5.

-. S&ora4e Re()$remen&s"

1. >*on ,e!$'er5 of e &ransformers &o e So) -a5 P)m*$n4 P!an&or ar'e5 O. -an/s P)m*$n4 P!an&+ e )n$&s s#a!! :e %onf$4)re, for!on49&erm o)&,oor s&ora4e as re%ommen,e, :5 e &ransformersman)fa%&)rer.

C. Im*a%& Mon$&ors"

1. T#e $m*a%& mon$&ors s#a!! :e %a*a:!e of mon$&or$n4

'$:ra&$onsHs#o%/s $n ree ,$mens$ons. No& !ess an reea**ro'e, $m*a%& mon$&ors s#a!! :e $ns&a!!e, on ea%# &ransformer*r$or &o s#$*men& as re%ommen,e, :5 e man)fa%&)rer. Ea%#$m*a%& mon$&or s#a!! %ons$s& of a m$n$m)m of ree s#o%/ $n,$%a&ors.T#e nom$na! 4 ra&$n4s of e $n,$%a&ors s#a!! :e 1 a& .0 4 1 a&8.0 4 an, 1 a& 7.8 4.

2. T#e mon$&ors an, e$r !o%a&$ons on ea%# &ransformer s#a!! :e$ns*e%&e, :5 e Con&ra%&or an, e En4$neer a& e &$me ofs#$*men&+ a& an5 $n&erme,$a&e *o$n& w#ere ea%# &ransformer $s)n!oa,e, ,)r$n4 s#$*men&+ an, )*on arr$'a! a& e *)m* s&a&$ons. If

e En4$neer ,e&erm$nes a& e;%ess$'e s#o%/ $s s#own on an5 ofe $m*a%& mon$&ors+ a,,$&$ona! &es&s s#a!! :e *erforme, :5 eCon&ra%&or as ,$re%&e,.

. T#e $m*a%& mon$&ors s#a!! rema$n e *ro*er&5 of e Con&ra%&or+an, s#a!! :e remo'e, from e &ransformers af&er $ns*e%&$on :5 eEn4$neer an, Con&ra%&ors re*resen&a&$'e.

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. Ins*e%&$on"

1. T#e Con&ra%&or an, e En4$neer w$!! @o$n&!5 $ns*e%& e&ransformers+ s)r4e arres&ers+ s*are *ar&s+ an, &oo!s+ a& e *!a%e of,e!$'er5 :efore an, af&er )n!oa,$n4. T#e Con&ra%&or s#a!! *ro'$,e a

wr$&&en re*or& of e $ns*e%&$on &o e En4$neer.

2. An5 $n,$%a&$on of e;%ess$'e $m*a%& ma5 res)!& $n re@e%&$on of es#$*men& or re()$re a,,$&$ona! &es&s &o %onf$rm e a%%e*&a:$!$&5 ofe s#$*men&. A,,$&$ona! &es&s w$!! :e ,$re%&e, :5 e En4$neer a& no%os& &o e e*ar&men&.

E. No&$f$%a&$on" T#e Con&ra%&or s#a!! no&$f5 e En4$neer $n wr$&$n4 a& !eas&18 ,a5s *r$or &o s#$**$n4.

F. >n!oa,$n4" T#e Con&ra%&or s#a!! )n!oa, e *ower &ransformers an,a**)r&enan%es+ s*are *ar&s+ an, &oo!s a& e ,e!$'er5 *o$n&. T#e

Con&ra%&or s#a!! *ro'$,e ne%essar5 $&ems+ $n%!),$n4 !$f&$n4 s*rea,ersan, w$ an e;&ra se& of ,raw$n4s an, !$f&$n4 ,$a4ram as s*e%$f$e, $nPara4ra*#s 1.0 A.2.f an, 1.0 A.2.4 *a%/e, $n a se*ara&e an, %!ear!5$,en&$f$a:!e :o;+ re()$re, &o !$f&+ )n!oa,+ an, &rans*or& e &ransformers.

PART 2 PRO>CTS

2.1 POWER TRANSFORMERS

A. Ea%# *ower &ransformer s#a!! mee& e re()$remen&s as s*e%$f$e, $nPara4ra*# 1.08+ es$4n Cr$&er$a for Power Transformers.

-. T#e a**)r&enan%es for ea%# &ransformer s#a!! $n%!),e+ :)& no& :e!$m$&e, &o+ e fo!!ow$n4"

1. Low9'o!&a4e


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10. Fa)!& 4as mon$&or s5s&em.

11. Remo'a:!e safe&5 *os&s.

12. E;&erna! f)ses an, f)se assem:!5 for e 6 / 1.3 /&ransformer on!5.

1. Ma&er$a!s re()$re, &o :e em:e,,e, for fo)n,a&$ons an, s)**or&s ofe *ower &ransformers.

C. Fa:r$%a&$on"

1. S&ee! *!a&e fa:r$%a&$on meo,s s#a!! no& ,es&ro5 e or$4$na!*ro*er&$es of e ma&er$a!. S#ar* /$n/s or :en,s $n mem:ers w$!!no& :e a!!owe,. -en,s s#a!! :e ma,e :5 ,$es+ :en,$n4 ro!!s+ oroer a**ro'e, meo,s. S#a*$n4 :5 :!ows w$!! no& :e a!!owe,.S#ear$n4 s#a!! :e a%%)ra&e!5 ,one+ an, a!! *or&$ons of e wor/

nea&!5 f$n$s#e,.

2. Car:on s&ee! s#a!! :e %)& :5 &or%#es+ s#ears+ or saws. T#e %)&&$n4f!ame s#a!! no& o'er#ea& e a,@a%en& me&a!. An a**ro'e,me%#an$%a! 4)$,e s#a!! :e )se, &o 4)$,e e *a of e &or%#.Tor%# %)&s s#a!! :e %#$**e,+ 4ro)n,+ or ma%#$ne, &o so)n, me&a!an, s#a!! :e smoo+ )n$form+ free of !oose s%a!e+ an, s!a4 me!&a%%)m)!a&$ons. E,4es s#a!! :e smoo+ free of no&%#es an,4o)4es+ an, s#a!! :e s!$4#&!5 ro)n,e, &o a 1H16 $n%# ra,$)s :5a**ro'e, means.

. Par&s s#a!! :e ma,e &o Amer$%an )n$&s. -o!&s+ n)&s+ s%rews+ r$'e&s+rea,s+ *$*e+ an, meas)remen& s#a!! %onform &o ANSI S&an,ar,s.-o!& #o!es s#a!! :e ,r$!!e, or ma%#$ne %)&. o!es for :o!&s s#a!! :e1H16 $n%# !ar4er an e nom$na! ,$ame&er of e :o!& )n!ess %!oser&o!eran%es are s#own+ or s*e%$f$e, for e s*e%$f$% $&em ofme&a!wor/. W#ere ,r$!!$n4 an, ream$n4 $s s*e%$f$e,+ $& s#a!! :e ,oneaf&er e *ar&s are assem:!e,. S!o&&e, #o!es s#a!! :e ma,e :5ma%#$n$n4. o!es s#a!! no& :e ma,e :5 :)rn$n4. P)n%#$n4 of #o!esw#ere e ma&er$a! e;%ee,s H $n%# w$!! no& :e a!!owe,. -o!& #ea,san, n)&s s#a!! :ear on sea&s a& r$4#& an4!es &o e %en&er!$ne of e:o!&s. o!es s#a!! :e %5!$n,r$%a! an, *er*en,$%)!ar &o e mem:er

)n!ess oerw$se s#own or s*e%$f$e, for e s*e%$f$% $&em ofme&a!wor/. M$sma&%#$n4 of #o!es w$!! :e %ons$,ere, ,efe%&s $n ewor/. We!,$n4 &o #$4# s&ren4 :o!&s w$!! no& :e a!!owe,.

. -ra?$n4 s#a!! :e $n a%%or,an%e w$ e man)fa%&)rers a**ro'e,*ro%e,)re. Pr$or &o ma/$n4 :ra?e, %onne%&$ons+ &wo &5*$%a! sam*!e%onne%&$ons s#a!! :e %om*!e&e, an, %)& $n&o se%&$ons. T#eEn4$neer w$!! $ns*e%& e sam*!es for @o$n& so)n,ness an, ()a!$&5.

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8. We!,$n4 s#a!! :e $n a%%or,an%e w$ AWS 1.1 an, e fo!!ow$n4"

a. E!e%&ro,es for man)a! we!,$n4 of %ar:on s&ee! s#a!! :e !ow#5,ro4en *er AWS A8.1 or AWS A8.8.

:. S)rfa%es w$$n one $n%# of an5 we!,$n4 s#a!! :e free froms%a!e+ r)s&+ *a$n& or oer fore$4n s):s&an%e.

%. We!,s s#a!! :e %on&$n)o)s an, )n$form ro)4# $&s f)!! !en4an, :!en, $n&o e s)rfa%es of e :ase me&a! w$o)&)n,er%)&&$n4 or o'er!a**$n4. Crown re$nfor%emen& s#a!! no&e;%ee, H2 $n%#.

,. Ma&er$a! m$sa!$4nmen& s#a!! :e !$m$&e, &o 10 *er%en& of e$%/ness of e $nner *ar& :e$n4 @o$ne,+ :)& $n no %ase morean 1H3 $n%#.

e. Tem*orar5 we!,e, %onne%&$ons s#a!! #a'e e we!, me&a!remo'e, f!)s# w$ a,@a%en& :ase me&a!. Remo'a! of a!$4nmen&an, assem:!5 ,e'$%es :5 #ammer :!ows w$!! no& :e a!!owe,.

f. We!, s!a4 an, s*!a&&er s#a!! :e remo'e, *r$or &o f$na! $ns*e%&$onan, %oa&$n4. Nee,!e s%a!ers s#a!! no& :e )se, &o remo'e we!,s!a4 an, we!, s*!a&&er.

4. We!,$n4 s#a!! :e )*war, on s!o*e, s)rfa%es 4rea&er an18 ,e4rees from #or$?on&a! )n!ess oerw$se a**ro'e,.

#. We!,e, @o$n&s &o :e %oa&e, or 4a!'an$?e, s#a!! :e :o;e, an,sea!e, :5 we!,$n4.

$. We!,$n4 s#a!! :e *erforme, a& an am:$en& &em*era&)re of no&!ess an 20 ,e4rees F.

@. No we!,$n4 s#a!! :e ,one )n*ro&e%&e, $n $n%!emen& weaers)%# as ra$n+ w$n,+ or snow. No 4as s#$e!,e, we!,$n4 *ro%esss#a!! :e *erforme, w#en w$n, 'e!o%$&5 ma/es s#$e!,$n4$neffe%&$'e.

. Ma$n Tan/s"

1. T#e &an/s s#a!! :e %ons&r)%&e, of we!,e, s&ee! *!a&e+ %om*!e&e w$o$! $n!e&+ o)&!e&+ ,ra$n 'a!'es+ mo)n&$n4 :ra%/e&s+ %on&ro! en%!os)res+%o'ers+ :)s#$n4 o)&!e&s+ an, o*en$n4s.

2. L$f&$n4 !)4s an, *ress)re re&a$n$n4 we!,s s#a!! :e %om*!e&e*ene&ra&$on @o$n& ,es$4n. T#e &an/ s#a!! :e ,es$4ne, an,

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Power Transformers

%ons&r)%&e, &o w$s&an, an $n&erna! *ress)re of 10 *s$ an, a f)!!'a%))m w$o)& !ea/a4e or *ermanen& ,$s&or&$on.

. A& !eas& one man#o!e of m$n$m)m 13 $n%# ,$ame&er w$ f!an4e,+:o!&e, %o'ers s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, for a%%ess &o a wor/ s*a%e a:o'e

e %ore an, %o$! assem:!5. T#e wor/ s*a%e s#a!! :e s$?e, &o*erm$& $ns*e%&$on an, ma$n&enan%e of e )**er *or&$on of e %orean, %o$! assem:!5.

. O*en$n4s $n e &an/ %o'er w#$%# )&$!$?e 4as/e&s s#a!! :e o$! an,4as &$4#&+ an, fa:r$%a&e, &o *re'en& e a%%)m)!a&$on of mo$s&)rearo)n, e 4as/e&e, @o$n&. Gas/e&s s#a!! :e of res$!$en& ma&er$a!+w#$%# s#a!! no& ,e&er$ora&e )n,er a%&$on of #o& o$!. T#e 4as/e&ss#a!! :e re)sa:!e &5*es.

8. T#e &an/ s#a!! #a'e a 2 $n%# o$! ,ra$n+ o$! sam*!e 'a!'es+ an, o$! f$!!'a!'es for o$! re%$r%)!a&$on an, *ro%ess$n4. T#e ,ra$n 'a!'e s#a!! :e

!o%a&e, a& e !owes& !e'e! &o *erm$& %om*!e&e ,ra$n$n4 of e &an/.T#e f$!! 'a!'e s#a!! :e 1 $n%# an, s#a!! :e near e &o* of e &an/:)& :e!ow e 20 ,e4rees C &o* o$! !e'e!.

6. Two 4ro)n,$n4 %onne%&$ons s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, on o**os$&e s$,es ofe &ransformers+ an, s#a!! :e s$?e, for &wo 800 MCM s&ran,e,%o**er %a:!es ea%#. Ea%# %onne%&$on s#a!! %ons$s& of a &$nne,%o**er :oss :ra?e, &o e &an/ :ase+ f)rn$s#e, w$ a :ron?e%!am*9&5*e or %om*ress$on9&5*e &wo9#o!e NEMA &erm$na!%onne%&or.

7. T#e &an/ :ase s#a!! :e for *!a%emen& on a f!a& %on%re&e *a,. L$f&$n4!)4s+ *)!!$n4 !)4s+ an, @a%/$n4 *a,s s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, for mo'$n4 e&ransformers e$er :5 %rane or :5 @a%/s.

3. T#e &an/ &o* s#a!! :e f!a& w$o)& :ra%$n4 :an,s an, #a'e a non9s/$, f$n$s#.

E. Cores"

1. T#e %ores s#a!! :e :)$!& of nona4$n4+ %o!,9ro!!e,+ 4ra$n9or$en&e,+s$!$%on s&ee! !am$na&$ons #a'$n4 a #$4# *ermea:$!$&5 an, !ow %ore!oss. Lam$na&$ons s#a!! :e free of :)rrs. Ea%# !am$na&$on s#a!! :eoro)4#!5 %oa&e, w$ a ,)ra:!e+ o$!9*roof+ #ea&9res$s&an&+$ns)!a&$on %oa&$n4.

2. T#e !am$na&$on assem:!5 an, e %!am*$n4 or s)**or&$n4 s&r)%&)ress#a!! :e ,es$4ne, &o e!$m$na&e #armf)! '$:ra&$ons an, &o o:&a$n am$n$m)m o:s&r)%&$on of o$! f!ow. Cores s#a!! :e r$4$,!5 %!am*e, an,:ra%e, &o w$s&an, w$o)& ,$s&or&$on e s&resses ,)e &o s#or&9

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Power Transformers

%$r%)$&$n4+ #ea&$n4+ s#$**$n4 an, #an,!$n4+ an, &o *re'en& s#$f&$n4 of!am$na&$ons.

. N)&s+ :o!&s+ an, %!am*s of e !am$na&$on assem:!5 s#a!! #a'e*os$&$'e !o%/$n4 ,e'$%es &o *re'en& !oosen$n4 :5 '$:ra&$on. No

ro)4# %ore :o!&s s#a!! :e )se,.

. T#e %ores s#a!! :e se%)re!5 4ro)n,e, &o e &an/. T#e 4ro)n,%onne%&$on s#a!! :e %ons&r)%&e, so a& $& %an :e eas$!5,$s%onne%&e, &o *ro'$,e for remo'a! of e %ore from e &an/. A:)s#$n4 s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, &o :r$n4 e %ore 4ro)n, o)& ro)4# e&an/ for 4ro)n, &es&$n4.

F. W$n,$n4s"

1. T#e w$n,$n4s s#a!! :e ,es$4ne, an, %ons&r)%&e, &o *ro'$,e efa%&ors of ser'$%e $n%!),$n4+ :)& no& !$m$&e, &o+ e fo!!ow$n4"

a. $4# ,$e!e%&r$% an, me%#an$%a! s&ren4 of $ns)!a&$on.

:. >n$form e!e%&ros&a&$% f!); ,$s&r$:)&$on.

%. M$n$m)m ,$e!e%&r$% !osses.

,. M$n$m)m res&r$%&$on &o free o$! %$r%)!a&$on.

e. M$n$m)m o*era&$n4 &em*era&)re.

f. E!$m$na&$on of #o& s*o&s.

4. >n$form 'o!&a4e ,$s&r$:)&$on :e&ween a,@a%en& &)rns an,ro)4#o)& e w$n,$n4.

#. Pre'en&$on of %orona forma&$on a& ra&e, o*era&$n4 'o!&a4eB10 *er%en&.

$. Con&ro! of ,$e!e%&r$% f!); )n,er $m*)!se %on,$&$ons for #$4#$m*)!se s&ren4.

2. T#e !oa,$n4 %a*a:$!$&$es $n%!),e, $n ANSI C87.1 s#a!! a**!5 w$

res*e%& &o !$fe+ ma$n&enan%e+ an, oer fa%&ors affe%&$n4 eo*era&$on of e &ransformers.

. W$n,$n4 %on,)%&ors s#a!! :e re%&an4)!ar %o**er+ free from s%a!e+:)rrs+ an, s*!$n&ers+ an, s#a!! #a'e ro)n,e, %orners &o m$n$m$?ee!e%&ros&a&$% f!); %on%en&ra&$on. T#e w$n,$n4 s#a!! :e $ns)!a&e, w$e en, &)rns of %o$!s an, w$n,$n4s *ro'$,e, w$ *o&en&$a! 4ra,$n4or a,,$&$ona! $ns)!a&$on &o w$s&an, e 'o!&a4e s&resses. T)rns

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Power Transformers

s#a!! :e wo)n, an, %o$!s forme, an, :ra%e, so a& e f$n$s#e,w$n,$n4s are %a*a:!e of w$s&an,$n4 e 9*#ase s#or&9%$r%)$&s&resses !$m$&e, :5 e &ransformers $m*e,an%e on!5 w$o)&,ef!e%&$on+ mo'emen&+ or an5 ,ama4e &o e w$n,$n4.

. W$n,$n4s s#a!! #a'e a %om:$na&$on of f$!m9%oa&e, %on,)%&or an,*a*er $ns)!a&$on.

8. Ins)!a&$on s#a!! :e of )n$form ()a!$&5 an, %om*os$&$on+ an, s#a!!*ro'$,e m$n$m)m war*a4e+ res$s&an%e &o ,e&er$ora&$on $n #o& o$!+an, #$4# me%#an$%a! an, ,$e!e%&r$% s&ren4 for e ser'$%ere()$re,. C)rren& %arr5$n4 @o$n&s or s*!$%es an, ser$es %onne%&$onss#a!! :e :ra?e,+ forme,+ an, se%)re, w$ %om*ress$on or :o!&e,%onne%&$ons+ forme, an, f$n$s#e,+ an, $ns)!a&e, &o %onform &o e:as$% $ns)!a&$on. Crosso'er an, w$n,$n4 &a* an, &erm$na! !ea,ss#a!! :e $ns)!a&e, an, fas&ene, $n s)%# manner as &o *re'en& an5mo'emen& w#$%# %o)!, ,ama4e e $ns)!a&$on an, %a)se s#or&$n4of %o$! &)rns or w$n,$n4s. arn$s#es an, $ns)!a&$n4 %om*o)n,s+ $f)se,+ s#a!! :e :a/e, on :5 an a**ro'e, an, es&a:!$s#e, *ro%ess+an, s#a!! :e of a &5*e $m*er'$o)s &o #o& o$!.

6. T#e assem:!e, %ore an, %o$!s s#a!! :e ,r$e, $n a 'a%))m &o ens)ree!$m$na&$on of mo$s&)re an, a$r w$$n e $ns)!a&$n4 s&r)%&)re. Af&er,r5$n4+ e assem:!5 s#a!! :e $mmerse, $n mo$s&)re9free o$!.

7. T#e man)fa%&)rers s&an,ar, meo, of ,r5$n4 an, $m*re4na&$n4w$!! :e a%%e*&e, *ro'$,e, e Con&ra%&or %an ,emons&ra&e &o esa&$sfa%&$on of e En4$neer a& e Con&ra%&ors meo, w$!! mee&

e a:o'e re()$remen&s.

3. T#e %ore an, w$n,$n4 assem:!5 ,es$4n s#a!! *ro'$,e a,e()a&es&ren4 an, s&a:$!$&5 of e assem:!5+ an, *re'en& mo'emen& ,)e&o s),,en )n*re,$%&a:!e s#o%/s.

G. Ins)!a&$n4 O$!"

1. Ins)!a&$n4 o$! s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, :5 e Con&ra%&or. If s#$**e,se*ara&e!5+ o$! w$!! :e $ns&a!!e, :5 oers )n,er e ,$re%&$on ofere%&$n4 en4$neer as ,es%r$:e, $n Se%&$on 1686 Ser'$%es of an

Ere%&$n4 En4$neer. T#e &ransformers o$! s#a!! :e )n$n#$:$&e, an,s#a!! mee& e o;$,a&$on s&a:$!$&5 re()$remen&s as s*e%$f$e,. T#e$ns)!a&$n4 o$! s#a!! %on&a$n !ess an 1 *ar& *er m$!!$on ofPo!5%#!or$na&e, -$*#en5!s


19/42

Power Transformers

T5*e of Tes& ASTM es$4na&$on Tes& L$m$&s

A%$,$&5+ m4 KOH4 7 0.028 ma;.

An$!$ne *o$n&+ C 611 73 ma;.

Co!or 1800 0.8 ma;.

Corros$'e s)!f)r 1278 ma;.

$e!e%&r$% s&ren4+ / 377 0 m$n.

$e!e%&r$% s&ren4+ / 1316 26 m$n.

F!as# Po$n&+ C 2 18 m$n.

In&erfa%$a! Tens$on 5nesH%m. 71

nf$!&ere,=

0 m$n.

Po)r *o$n&+ C 7 90 ma;.

Power fa%&or a& 100C+ *er%en& 2 0. ma;.

Power fa%&or a& 28C+ *er%en& 2 0.08 ma;.

S*e%$f$% Gra'$&5 60H60 F 123 0.36890.10

$s%os$&5 a& 7.3C"

K$nema&$%+ Cs 8+ 2161 11 ma;.

Sa5:o!& 33+ 2161 62 ma;.

O;$,a&$on s&a:$!$&5 20

S!),4e *er%en&"72 #o)rs 0.2 ma;.

16 #o)rs 0.80 ma;.

Ne)&ra!$?a&$on 'a!)e+ m4 KOH4"

72 #o)rs 1.3 ma;.

16 #o)rs 2.0 ma;.

F)ran$% Com*o)n,s


20/42

Power Transformers

. T#e Con&ra%&or s#a!! f)rn$s# a !e&&er of %om*!$an%e a%%om*an5$n4ea%# s#$*men& $f e o$! $s s#$**e, se*ara&e!5 s&a&$n4 a& e o$! #as:een &es&e, an, %on&a$ns !ess an 1 **m of PC-.

. O$! Preser'a&$on S5s&em"

1. Genera!"

a. T#e o$! *reser'a&$on s5s&em s#a!! :e a %onser'a&or s5s&em+ or an$&ro4en 4as *ress)re s5s&em a& e Con&ra%&ors o*&$on.

:. T#e o$! *reser'a&$on s5s&em s#a!! *re'en& an5 %on&a%& :e&weene &ransformers o$! an, e a&mos*#ere.

%. T#e fo!!ow$n4 a%%essor$es for e res*e%&$'e s5s&em s#a!! :e*ro'$,e, as a**!$%a:!e"

1= An a)&oma&$% *ress)re re!$ef ,e'$%e w$ &wo $so!a&e, a!arm%on&a%&s for ea%# &ransformer.

2= A !ow *ress)re 4a)4e for ea%# &ransformer.

= An a,@)s&a:!e !ow9*ress)re re!a5 w$ &wo $so!a&e, a!arm%on&a%&s for ea%# &ransformer.

= T#ree9s&a4e *ress)re re4)!a&or w$ *ress)re :!ee,er,e'$%e.

8= -5*ass 'a!'e.

6= Sam*!$n4 an, :!ow o)& 'a!'es a& &o* an, :o&&om ea%# w$a f$&&$n4 for a #ose %onne%&$on. T#e sam*!$n4 'a!'e a& e:o&&om s#a!! :e !o%a&e, a& e !owes& *oss$:!e *o$n&.

7= A!arm %on&a%&s s#a!! :e w$re, &o &erm$na! :!o%/s $n e&erm$na! %a:$ne&.

2. Fa)!& Gas Mon$&or S5s&em for 20 / 6 / an, 6 / .16 /Transformers"

a. T#e o$! *reser'a&$on s5s&em s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, w$ a%on&$n)o)s!5 mon$&or$n4 &5*e %om:)s&$:!e94as ana!5s$s s5s&em.T#e fa)!& 4as mon$&or$n4 s5s&em s#a!! &ren, 4asses *er

ANSIHIEEE C87.10.

:. T#e s5s&em s#a!! $n%!),e $n,$%a&$n4 me&ers+ a!arm re!a5s+ an,oer re()$re, ,e'$%es for a %om*!e&e !o%a! an, remo&emon$&or$n4 s5s&em.

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22/42

Power Transformers

1. T#e n$&ro4en 4as *ress)re s5s&em s#a!! :e as ,ef$ne, :5ANSI C87.12.30 an, s#a!! o*era&e a)&oma&$%a!!5 &o ma$n&a$n a !a5erof n$&ro4en 4as a& a *os$&$'e *ress)re of 1H2 &o 3 *s$ a:o'e e o$! $ne ma$n &ransformers &an/.

2. A NEMA T5*e %a:$ne& s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, &o en%!ose e n$&ro4en4as %5!$n,er an, 4as *ress)re re4)!a&$n4 e()$*men& re()$re, fore &ransformers. T#e %a:$ne& s#a!! :e %ons&r)%&e, of no& !ess anNo. 11 4a)4e s#ee& s&ee!. T#e %a:$ne& s#a!! :e mo)n&e, on es$,e of &ransformers &an/ a& a !e'e! %on'en$en& for a%%ess :5 a*erson s&an,$n4 a& e !e'e! of e &ransformers :ase. T#e %a:$ne&an, %onne%&$n4 *$*$n4 s#a!! :e ,es$4ne, an, %ons&r)%&e, &o *re'en&,ama4e :5 '$:ra&$ons from &ransformers o*era&$on an, fromse$sm$% for%es.

. T#e 4as %5!$n,er %a:$ne& an, &erm$na! %a:$ne& s#a!! ea%# #a'e*ro'$s$ons &o !o%/ e %a:$ne& w$ *a,!o%/.

. S)ff$%$en& ,r5 nono;$,$?$n4 n$&ro4en 4as s#a!! :e f)rn$s#e, for*)r4$n4+ s#$**$n4+ s&ora4e+ an, $n$&$a! o*era&$on of ea%# &ransformer.One a,,$&$ona! f)!!5 %#ar4e, %5!$n,er of n$&ro4en 4as for ea%# )n$&s#a!! :e f)rn$s#e, for ma/e)* *)r*oses as s*e%$f$e,.

8. T#e fo!!ow$n4 a,,$&$ona! a%%essor$es s#a!! :e *ro'$,e,"

a. Low *ress)re 4a)4e w$ &wo $so!a&e, a!arm %on&a%&s for e4as *ress)re $n ea%# &ransformers &an/+ &o :e !o%a&e, $n e$ner& 4as a**ara&)s en%!os)re.

:. $4# *ress)re 4a)4e for e 4as *ress)re $n e %5!$n,er+ &o :e!o%a&e, $n e $ner& 4as a**ara&)s en%!os)re.

%. Press)re sw$&%# w$ &wo $so!a&e, a!arm %on&a%&s for !ow 4as*ress)re $n e %5!$n,er+ !o%a&e, $n e $ner& 4as a**ara&)sen%!os)re. T#e !ow 4as *ress)re sw$&%# s#a!! :e a,@)s&a:!ean, $f %om:$ne, w$ e !ow *ress)re 4a)4e+ a,@)s&men&s ofe sw$&%# s#a!! no& $n&erfere w$ e a%%)ra%5 an, o*era&$on ofe 4a)4e.

K. Ta* C#an4er"

1. A man)a!!59o*era&e, ,e9ener4$?e, Loa, &a* %#an4er s#a!! :e*ro'$,e, for e #$4# 'o!&a4e w$n,$n4s. T#e &a* %#an4er s#a!! :eo*era:!e on!5 w#en e &ransformers are ,e9ener4$?e,. T#e &a*%#an4er s#a!! :e ,es$4ne, an, !o%a&e, for e;&erna! o*era&$on :5 a*erson s&an,$n4 on e same !e'e! as e &ransformers :ase. T#e&a* %#an4er s#a!! $n%!),e an o*era&$n4 !e'er or #an,w#ee!+ a &a*

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Power Transformers

*os$&$on $n,$%a&or+ an, a means for *a,!o%/$n4 e &a* %#an4er $nan5 &a* *os$&$on e;%e*& e off9&a* *os$&$on.

L. Coo!$n4 S5s&em"

1. Coo!$n4 fans s#a!! :e a)&oma&$%a!!5 %on&ro!!e, :5 e &ransformersw$n,$n4 &em*era&)re re!a5. T#e %oo!$n4 s5s&em %on&ro! s#a!! s&ar&an, s&o* e %oo!$n4 fans. T#e fans s#a!! :e mo)n&e, &o fa%$!$&a&ee$r remo'a! for ma$n&enan%e. T#e fan mo&ors s#a!! :e of e&o&a!!5 en%!ose, ,es$4n+ ener45 eff$%$en& &5*e. T#e fan :!a,eassem:!5 s#a!! :e %as& a!)m$n)m an, s#a!! :e en%!ose, $n a*ro&e%&$'e :as/e&.

2. Con&ro!s an, *ro&e%&$'e ,e'$%es for e fans s#a!! :e mo)n&e, $n a!o%/a:!e NEMA T5*e weaer&$4#& an, ,)s&9&$4#& %on&ro! %a:$ne&+w#$%# s#a!! :e %ons&r)%&e, of no& !ess an No. 11 4a)4e s#ee&s&ee!. T#e %on&ro! %a:$ne& s#a!! :e e()$**e, w$ a #$n4e, ,oor+

an, mo)n&e, a& a %on'en$en& !e'e! an, eas$!5 a%%ess$:!e forma$n&enan%e. T#e mo&or s&ar&ers s#a!! no& :e sma!!er an NEMA 1s$?e.

. T#e *ower s)**!5 for e fan mo&ors w$!! :e 203 'o!&s+ *#ase+60 ? for e 0+000H0+000 /A *ower &ransformers. T#e *owers)**!5 for e fan mo&ors w$!! :e 30 'o!&s+ *#ase+ 60 ? for e6+000H3+000 /A *ower &ransformers an, for e +000H+000 /A*ower &ransformers. T#e %$r%)$& :rea/er of a,e()a&e ra&$n4 w$:ran%# %$r%)$& *ro&e%&$on an, mo&or r)nn$n4 o'er%)rren& *ro&e%&$ons#a!! :e *ro'$,e, for fan mo&ors. Mo&or o'er!oa, *ro&e%&$on s#a!! :e

$n%!),e, $n ea%# *#ase a!on4 w$ )n,er 'o!&a4e re!a5 *ro&e%&$on.Tes& sw$&%#es s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, for &es&$n4 ea%# 4ro)* of fans. T#efan mo&ors s#a!! :e TEFC+ #a'e a 1.18 ser'$%e fa%&or+ erma!o'er!oa, *ro&e%&$on+ an, C!ass F $ns)!a&$on.

. A Man)a!9Off9A)&o mo,e se!e%&or %on&ro! sw$&%# w$ one se& of NOan, NC %on&a%&s for ea%# *os$&$on s#a!! :e *ro'$,e,. T#e fan mo&or!ea,s or %or, s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, $n an a**ro'e, &5*e f!e;$:!e %on,)$&an, %onne%&e, &o e s)**!5 %$r%)$& :5 means of a wa&er&$4#& &w$s&9!o%/ &5*e *!)4 an, re%e*&a%!e. E()$*men& s#a!! :e mo)n&e, an,w$re, on ea%# &ransformer w$ s)$&a:!e &erm$na!s *ro'$,e, for

e;&erna! w$r$n4 &o e %on&ro!s+ a!arms+ an, fan mo&or *owers)**!$es.

8. Ea%# &ransformer s#a!! :e e()$**e, w$ ra,$a&or :an/s a&&a%#e, &oe &ransformers &an/ :5 :o!&e, an, 4as/e&e, f!an4es. L$f&$n4 e5ess#a!! :e *ro'$,e, on ea%# ra,$a&or :an/ &o fa%$!$&a&e e remo'a! of$n,$'$,)a! :an/. To a!!ow e remo'a! of an5 $n,$'$,)a! ra,$a&or:an/ w$o)& $n&erfer$n4 w$ e &ransformers o*era&$on+ ea%# :an/

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Power Transformers

s#a!! :e e()$**e, w$ s#)&9off 'a!'e an, :!an/ f!an4es a& e &o*an, :o&&om %onne%&$ons a ,ra$n 'a!'e a ,ra$n *!)4 an, a 'en&*!)4 $n ea%# #ea,er. Ra,$a&ors s#a!! no& :e !o%a&e, on e !ow'o!&a4e s$,e of e &ransformers.

M. -)s#$n4s"

1. T#e &ransformers :)s#$n4s s#a!! %onform &o ANSIHIEEE C87.1.00+ANSIHIEEE C87.1.01+ an, NEMA S&an,ar,s. -)s#$n4s of esame 'o!&a4e an, %)rren& ra&$n4s s#a!! :e $n&er%#an4ea:!e.

2. T#e *or%e!a$n )se, $n e :)s#$n4s s#a!! :e we&9*ro%ess+#omo4eneo)s+ an, free from %a'$&$es or oer f!aws. T#e 4!a?$n4s#a!! :e )n$form $n %o!or an, free from :!$s&ers+ :)rns an, oer,efe%&s. T#e *or%e!a$n %o!or s#a!! :e ANSI 88.1+ No. 70 !$4#& 4ra5.

. O$!9f$!!e, :)s#$n4s s#a!! #a'e a %on'en$en& means for sam*!$n4 an,

,ra$n$n4 e o$!. -)s#$n4s s#a!! #a'e o$! s$4#& 4!asses. T#e:)s#$n4s s#a!! :e s#$**e, f)!! of o$!.

. T#e #$4# 'o!&a4e !$ne :)s#$n4s s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, w$ a *owerfa%&or &es& &a* 4ro)n,e, &o e :)s#$n4 f!an4e w#$!e e :)s#$n4 $s$n ser'$%e. For &es&$n4+ e 4ro)n, s#a!! :e remo'e,.

8. Ea%# !ow 'o!&a4e !$ne :)s#$n4 for e 6 / .16 / &ransformerss#a!! #a'e ree $n&erna! :)s#$n49&5*e %)rren& &ransformers.

6. T#e :)s#$n4 ra&$n4s s#a!! :e as fo!!ows"

a. T#e #$4# 'o!&a4e !$ne :)s#$n4s s#a!! :e ra&e, no& !ess an20 /+ 00 / -IL+ 300 A for e 6+000H3+000 /A&ransformers.

:. T#e !ow 'o!&a4e !$ne :)s#$n4s s#a!! :e ra&e, no& !ess an6 /+ 80 / -IL+ 1+200 A for e 6+000H3+000 /A&ransformers.

%. T#e #$4# 'o!&a4e ne)&ra! :)s#$n4 s#a!! :e ra&e, no& !ess an28 /+ 180 / -IL+ 1+200 A for e 6+000H3+000 /A&ransformers.

,. T#e #$4# 'o!&a4e !$ne :)s#$n4s s#a!! :e ra&e, no& !ess an6 /+ 80 / -IL+ 1+200 A for e 0+000H0+000 /A&ransformers.

e. T#e !ow 'o!&a4e !$ne :)s#$n4s s#a!! :e ra&e, no& !ess an 8 /+78 / -IL+ 6+000 A for e 0+000H0+000 /A &ransformers.

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Power Transformers

f. T#e #$4# 'o!&a4e ne)&ra! :)s#$n4s s#a!! :e ra&e, no& !ess an18 /+ 110 / -IL+ 1+200 A for e 0+000H0+000 /A&ransformers.

4. T#e #$4# 'o!&a4e !$ne :)s#$n4s s#a!! :e ra&e, no& !ess an

6 /+ 80 / -IL+ 00 A for e +000H+000 /A &ransformer.

#. T#e !ow 'o!&a4e !$ne :)s#$n4s s#a!! :e ra&e, no& !ess an18 /+ 110 / -IL+ 600 A for e +000H+000 /A &ransformers.

7. T#e :)s#$n4 mo)n&$n4s an, &erm$na!s s#a!! :e as fo!!ows"

a. T#e #$4# 'o!&a4e !$ne :)s#$n4s s#a!! :e &o* %o'er mo)n&e, fore 0+000H0+000 /A &ransformers+ 6+000H3+000 /A&ransformers+ an, e +000H+000 /A &ransformer. T#e !ow'o!&a4e !$ne :)s#$n4s for e 6+000H3+000 /A &ransformersw$!! :e &o* %o'er mo)n&e,. T#e :)s#$n4s w$!! :e *ro'$,e, w$

rea,e, s&),s s)$&a:!e for %onne%&$on &o a!)m$n)m a!!o5 s&),%onne%&ors. T#e P#ase A an, P#ase C :)s#$n4s s#a!! :es5mme&r$%a! a:o)& e P#ase - :)s#$n4. S&), %onne%&ors w$!!:e *ro'$,e, :5 oers.

:. T#e P#ase - #$4# 'o!&a4e !$ne :)s#$n4 s#a!! :e on e%en&er!$ne of e &an/ a& :$se%&s e !on4er ,$mens$on of e&an/.

%. For e 0+000H0+000 /A &ransformers+ e !ow 'o!&a4e 8 /!$ne :)s#$n4s s#a!! :e mo)n&e, on e s$,e of e &ransformers

o**os$&e e #$4# 'o!&a4e :)s#$n4s or as a**ro'e,. T#eP#ase A an, P#ase C :)s#$n4s s#a!! :e s5mme&r$%a! a:o)& eP#ase - :)s#$n4s for %onne%&$on &o 8 / nonse4re4a&e, :)s.

An a$r $ns)!a&e, 8 / &erm$na! :o; s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, for%onne%&$on of e 8 / nonse4re4a&e, :)s &erm$na&$ons. Ea%#:)s#$n4 s#a!! :e e()$**e, w$ a &erm$na! s&), ,es$4ne, an,fa:r$%a&e, for %onne%&$on &o e %o**er nonse4re4a&e, :)s.

,. For e +000H+000 /A &ransformer+ e !ow 'o!&a4e 18 / !$ne:)s#$n4s s#a!! :e mo)n&e, on e s$,e of e &ransformero**os$&e e #$4# 'o!&a4e :)s#$n4s or as a**ro'e,. T#e P#ase

A an, P#ase C :)s#$n4s s#a!! :e s5mme&r$%a! a:o)& e P#ase- :)s#$n4s for %onne%&$on &o e 18 / nonse4re4a&e, :)s. Ana$r $ns)!a&e, 18 / &erm$na! :o; s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, for%onne%&$on of e 18 / nonse4re4a&e, :)s &erm$na&$ons. Ea%#:)s#$n4 s#a!! :e e()$**e, w$ a &erm$na! s&), ,es$4ne, an,fa:r$%a&e, for %onne%&$on &o e %o**er nonse4re4a&e, :)s.

e. T#e ne)&ra! !ea, for e 0+000H0+000 /A &ransformers an,e 6+000H3+000 /A &ransformers s#a!! :e :ro)4#& o)& &o a

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Power Transformers

&o* %o'er mo)n&e, :)s#$n4 an, s#a!! $n%!),e e fo!!ow$n4$&ems"

1= T#e &erm$na! s&), s#a!! :e s&an,ar, for a& %!ass of:)s#$n4. A &$nne, %o**er ne)&ra! :)s :ar s#a!! %onne%& e

ne)&ra! :)s#$n4 an, a 4ro)n, *a, on e &an/.

2= T#e ne)&ra! :)s s#a!! :e $ns)!a&e, an, se%)re, from e&ransformers &an/ w$ 12 /


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Power Transformers

:. T#e %)rren& &ransformers w$ ()an&$&$es an, ra&$n4s for ea%# ofe 6+000H3+000 /A &ransformers are as fo!!ows"

)an&$&5 Ra&$o A%%)ra%5 Lo%a&$on

ea. 1200"8 C300 on ea%# #$4# 'o!&a4e :)s#$n4

ea. 600"8 C00 on ea%# !ow 'o!&a4e :)s#$n4 an,&a* :)s#$n4

2 ea. 1200"8 C3002 on e #$4# 'o!&a4e ne)&ra!:)s#$n4

2. T#e ra&$n4 of %)rren& &ransformers )se, for #o& s*o& &em*era&)re,e&e%&$on s#a!! :e ,e&erm$ne, :5 e man)fa%&)rer.

. C)rren& &ransformers s#a!! :e %onne%&e, w$ *o!ar$&5 !o%a&e,

o**os$&e e *ro&e%&e, e()$*men&. T#5r$&e o'er'o!&a4e *ro&e%&orss#a!! :e *ro'$,e, on e se%on,ar5 %$r%)$&s of ea%# %)rren&&ransformer. T#e *ro&e%&ors s#a!! :e !o%a&e, $n e &erm$na! %a:$ne&.

. T#e !ea,s from &a*s of ea%# m)!&$9ra&$o %)rren& &ransformer s#a!! :ew$re, o)& an, &erm$na&e, on e s#or&$n49&5*e &erm$na! :!o%/s $n e&erm$na! %a:$ne&. No #$n4e9&5*e w$r$n4 s#a!! :e a%%e*&a:!e :e&weene %)rren& &ransformers an, &erm$na! :!o%/s.

8. T#ese %)rren& &ransformers are $n a,,$&$on &o e %)rren&&ransformers re()$re, for w$n,$n4 &em*era&)re re!a5 an, w$n,$n4

#o& s*o& ,e&e%&ors s*e%$f$e, e!sew#ere $n $s se%&$on.

O. Transformer A%%essor$es"

1. Ga)4es+ me&ers+ re!a5s+ an, ermome&ers s#a!! :e mo)n&e, for*ro&e%&$on from #armf)! '$:ra&$on %a)se, :5 e &ransformers.

2. Con&a%&s of e a%%essor$es s#a!! :e e!e%&r$%a!!5 $n,e*en,en&+a,@)s&a:!e an, $ns)!a&e, from 4ro)n, an, s#a!! :e mer%)r5 &5*es or*os$&$'e sna*9a%&$on &5*e. A!arm+ &r$* an, %on&ro! %on&a%&s s#a!! :eo*en ,)r$n4 norma! %on,$&$ons+ an, s#a!! :e se!f9rese&+ e;%e*& es),,en *ress)re ,e'$%e w#$%# s#a!! :e man)a!9rese&. Con&a%&san, ,e'$%es for e;&erna! %onne%&$ons s#a!! :e w$re, &o e %on&ro!&erm$na! %a:$ne&.

. A!arm+ &r$* an, %on&ro! %on&a%&s for re!a5s an, $ns&r)men&s s#a!! :es)$&a:!e for o*era&$on on 128 'o!& ,% *ower s)**!5 an, ra&e,10 am*eres


28/42

Power Transformers

. A);$!$ar5 re!a5s s#a!! :e )se, $f re()$re,. T#e &ransformers s#a!! :ee()$**e, w$ e fo!!ow$n4 a%%essor$es"

a. $a!9&5*e !$()$, ermome&er w$ m$n$m)m ree sw$&%#es a&%an :e a,@)s&e, for ,$fferen& &em*era&)res+ e #$4#es& se&&$n4

#a'$n4 2 %on&a%&s for a!arm an, &r$* %$r%)$&s


29/42

Power Transformers

#a'e a ser'$%e !$fe %om*ara:!e &o a& of e &ransformers. Twoa!arm %on&a%&s s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, on e ,e'$%e &o 4$'e '$s)a!an, e!e%&r$%a! $n,$%a&$on of o*era&$on **er f$!&er *ress 'a!'e.

$. A ,$a4ramma&$% name*!a&e of me&a! en4ra'e, &5*e s#a!! :e

*ro'$,e, on e &ransformers an, s#a!! :e !o%a&e, $n ano:ser'a:!e *os$&$on. T#e name*!a&e s#a!! 4$'e %om*!e&e ,a&a+ra&$n4s an, ser$a! n)m:ers $n a%%or,an%e w$ NEMA TR91an,

ANSIHIEEE C87.12.8.12.

@. L$4#&s+ sw$&%#es+ %on'en$en%e GFI o)&!e&s+ an, %$r%)$& :rea/er*ro&e%&$on s#a!! :e $n e %on&ro! %om*ar&men&s.

/. A);$!$ar5 %on&ro! re!a5s an, m$s%e!!aneo)s a%%essor$es asre()$re,.

8. Coo!$n4 fans s#a!! o*era&e on 203 'o!& a%


30/42

Power Transformers

. T#e &erm$na! :o; ,oor s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, w$ a #ea'59,)&5 ree9*o$n& !a&%# !o%/a:!e *$s&o! 4r$* #an,!e.

. Low o!&a4e


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Power Transformers

3. Term$na! %a:$ne& w$r$n4 s#a!! a!!ow e %on,)%&ors &o :e 4ro)*e, for%onne%&$on &o a m$n$m)m n)m:er of e;&erna! %a:!es. T#e e;&erna!%a:!e for remo&e %$r%)$&s+ w#$%# &erm$na&e $n e &erm$na! %a:$ne& w$!!:e f)rn$s#e, an, $ns&a!!e, :5 oers.

. -arr$ers s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, :e&ween &erm$na! :!o%/s of ,$fferen&'o!&a4e s5s&ems.

10. Term$na! %a:$ne& s#a!! :e ,es$4ne, &o fa%$!$&a&e ,$s%onne%&$on ofw$r$n4 &o e;&erna! %$r%)$&s w#en mo'$n4 &ransformers.

11. T#e %on&ro! %a:$ne& s#a!! #a'e a :!an/+ remo'a:!e+ a%%ess$:!e s&ee!*!a&e a& e :o&&om w$ 4as/e& for e e*ar&men&s )se.

12. Res$s&an%e &em*era&)re ,e&e%&or &erm$na! %onne%&$ons s#a!! :e asa**ro'e,.

1. W$r$n4 $ns$,e e %a:$ne& s#a!! :e en%!ose, $n *!as&$% w$r$n4 ,)%&w$ :)n,!es no& !a%e,. W#ere *!as&$% w$r$n4 ,)%& $s no& *ra%&$%a:!e+as ,e&erm$ne, :5 e En4$neer+ *!as&$% &$e s&ra*s s#a!! :e )se,.

1. Ea%# %a:$ne& en%!os)re s#a!! #a'e $&s own &erm$na! :!o%/s.Se*ara&e &erm$na! :!o%/s s#a!! :e )se, for e;&erna! %onne%&$onsan, s#a!! :e !o%a&e, $mme,$a&e!5 a,@a%en& &o :!o%/9o)&s or %on,)$&en&ran%es.

18. T#e %on&ro! %a:$ne& s#a!! :e e()$**e, w$ !$4#&$n4 an, a120 'o!& a% GFI re%e*&a%!e.

S. Con,)$& an, )n%&$on -o;es"

1. E;&erna! a%%essor5 w$r$n4 s#a!! :e $ns&a!!e, $n e$er #o&9,$**e,4a!'an$?e, r$4$, s&ee! %on,)$& or !$()$,9&$4#& &5*e f!e;$:!e s&ee!%on,)$& $n a%%or,an%e w$ e NEC.

2. T#e ne%essar5 @)n%&$on :o; or :o;es+ w$ &erm$na! :!o%/s+%onne%&$on %on,)$&+ an, a s)ff$%$en& n)m:er of s#or&$n49&5*e&erm$na! :!o%/s !o%a&e, $n e &erm$na! %a:$ne& s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, fore :)s#$n4 %)rren& &ransformers. T#e ne%essar5 @)n%&$on :o;ess#a!! :e *ro'$,e, for &rans$&$on :e&ween f!e;$:!e %on,)$&s an, r$4$,

%on,)$&s.

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Power Transformers

T. S)r4e Arres&ers"

1. T#ree s)r4e arres&ers+ one on ea%# *#ase+ s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, on e#$4# 'o!&a4e w$n,$n4s of e &ransformers as fo!!ows"

a. T#e s)r4e arres&ers for e ar'e5 O. -an/s P)m*$n4 P!an&Sw$&%#5ar, 20 / 6 / &ransformers s#a!! :e ra&e, 12 /.

:. T#e s)r4e arres&ers for e So) -a5 P)m*$n4 P!an& 6 / .16 / &ransformers s#a!! :e ra&e, 60 /.

%. T#e s)r4e arres&ers for e ar'e5 O. -an/s P)m*$n4 P!an&Sw$&%#5ar, 6 / 1.3 / &ransformer s#a!! :e ra&e, 60 /.

2. Ea%# s)r4e arres&er s#a!! :e se!f9s)**or&$n4 &5*e. T#e arres&ers#a!! :e mo)n&e, on :ra%/e&s a,@a%en& &o e #$4# 'o!&a4e :)s#$n4sof e &ransformers. T#e *or%e!a$n %o!or s#a!! :e ANSI No. 70+ !$4#&

4ra5. T#e arres&er mo)n&$n4 :ra%/e&s s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, so a& e&o* of e s)r4e arres&er &erm$na!s an, e &o* of e #$4# 'o!&a4e:)s#$n4 &erm$na!s are a& e same #e$4#&.

. S)r4e arres&ers s#a!! :e s$n4!e9*o!e+ s&a&$on %!ass+ me&a! o;$,e'ar$s&or &5*e.

. Arres&er *ro&e%&$'e %#ara%&er$s&$%s s#a!! :e $n a%%or,an%e w$NEMA P):!$%a&$on No. LA 1+ A**en,$; -+ Ta:!e A.

8. T#e s)r4e arres&ers s#a!! %om*!5 w$ e a**!$%a:!e re()$remen&sof ANSI C62.1 an, NEMA P):!$%a&$on No. LA 1.

6. T#e :ase s)**or& for e arres&er s#a!! #a'e a #$4# %on,)%&$'$&5&$nne,9%o**er a!!o5 so!,er!ess %!am*9&5*e 4ro)n, %onne%&or w$&wo :o!&s ea%#+ for &wo 800 MCM s&an,ar, %o**er %on,)%&ors ea%#.T#e 800 MCM :are %o**er %a:!es *ro'$,e, :5 e Con&ra%&or s#a!!:e %onne%&e, &o e &ransformers &an/ 4ro)n, *!a&es.

7. T#e ,$s%#ar4e %o)n&er s#a!! #a'e a f$'e9,$4$& %5%!ome&er ,$a! &oa!!ow eas5 rea,$n4 of ,$s%#ar4e e'en&s. T#e %o)n&er s#a!! a!so#a'e a %on&$n)o)s a% !ea/a4e %)rren& $n,$%a&or me&er an, s#a!! :e%a*a:!e of sen,$n4 remo&e s$4na! $n,$%a&$n4 e n)m:er of

,$s%#ar4es an, e !ea/a4e %)rren&.

3. T#e ,$s%#ar4e %o)n&ers s#a!! :e :ra%/e& mo)n&e, s$; fee& a:o'ee &ransformers *a, e!e'a&$ons. A 4)ar, s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, &o*re'en& a%%$,en&a! %on&a%& of e &erm$na! %onne%&$on.

. T#e ,$s%#ar4e %o)n&ers s#a!! :e Genera! E!e%&r$% Co. O#$o -rassCom*an5 or e()a!.

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Power Transformers

>. Remo'a:!e Safe&5 Pos&s"

1. Remo'a:!e safe&5 *os&s for 4)ar,ra$! s#a!! :e *ro'$,e, aro)n, een&$re &o* of e &ransformers &an/+ for e safe&5 of *ersonne!*erform$n4 ma$n&enan%e an, &es&$n4. W$ e e;%e*&$on of e

mo)n&$n4 :ra%/e&s+ e 4)ar,ra$! an, safe&5 *os&s s#a!! :eremo'a:!e.

2. T#e mo)n&$n4 :ra%/e&s s#a!! :e s&ee!+ *ermanen&!5 $ns&a!!e,+ e$er:ase mo)n&e, &o e &o* of e &an/+ or s$,e mo)n&e, near e &o*of e &an/. T#e 4)ar,ra$!$n4 s5s&em s#a!! ma$n&a$n a,e()a&ee!e%&r$%a! %!earan%e from e !$'e *ar&s as re()$re, :5 a**!$%a:!es&an,ar,s.

. T#e remo'a:!e *os&s s#a!! :e ro)n,+ r$4$, a!)m$n)m &):$n4+ am$n$m)m of 191H2 $n%# $n ,$ame&er+ an, s#a!! #a'e e5e!e&s &os)**or& e 4)ar,ra$!$n4. W#en $ns&a!!e,+ e safe&5 *os&s s#a!! :e

se%)re, &o e mo)n&$n4 :ra%/e&s w$ H3 $n%# ro)4# :o!&s.

. T#e 4)ar,ra$! s#a!! %ons$s& of a &o* ra$!+ an, a m$,9ra$!+ an, s#a!! :eof n5!on ro*e no& !ess an 8H3 $n%# $n ,$ame&er. T#e &o* ra$! s#a!!:e no& !ess an 2 $n%#es or more an 8 $n%#es a:o'e e &o* ofe &ransformers &an/. T#e ro*e s#a!! #a'e a *os$&$'e !o%/$n4s5s&em &o *re'en& e ro*e from s!$**$n4.

2.2 TOOLS AN SPARE PARTS

A. Genera!" T#e &oo!s an, s*are *ar&s s#a!! $n%!),e ,es$4n$n4+

man)fa%&)r$n4 an, ,e!$'er$n4 one se& of &oo!s an, s*are *ar&s for ea%#&ransformer s$?e.

-. S*are Par&s"

1. Ea%# s*are *ar& s#a!! :e $n&er%#an4ea:!e w$+ s#a!! :e of e samema&er$a! an, wor/mans#$*+ an, s#a!! :e &es&e, as s*e%$f$e, for e*ar& $& re*!a%es. S*are *ar&s s#a!! :e %om*!e&e w$ /e5s+ s%rews oroer fas&eners+ an, 4as/e&s ne%essar5 &o re*!a%e e%orres*on,$n4 *ar&. S*are *ar&s s#a!! :e :o;e, an, *reser'e,a4a$ns& ,e&er$ora&$on $n s&ora4e.

2. T#e s*are *ar&s for e &ransformers s#a!! $n%!),e+ :)& are no&!$m$&e, &o+ e fo!!ow$n4"

a. S*are 4as/e& se&s for ea%# &5*e+ f)ses for ea%# &5*e+ 1 %$r%)$&:rea/er for ea%# &5*e+ an, 10 $n,$%a&$on !am*s for ea%# &5*e.

:. Two re!a5s or %on&a%&ors for ea%# &5*e an, s$?e )se,.

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%. One f)!!5 %#ar4e, %5!$n,er of n$&ro4en 4as a& 2+000 *s$+re)sa:!e &5*e an, s#a!! :e A$r Re,)%&$on Pa%$f$% Com*an5Na&$ona! C5!$n,er Gas Com*an5 or e()a!+ for n$&ro4en 4as*ress)re s5s&em+ $f a**!$%a:!e.

,. One 4as *ress)re re4)!a&or for ea%# &5*e )se, for e o$!*reser'a&$on s5s&em+ $f a**!$%a:!e.

e. One s)r4e arres&er for ea%# 'o!&a4e ra&$n4.

f. One :)s#$n4 of ea%# 'o!&a4e an, %)rren& ra&$n4.

4. One se& of s*are *ar&s for e fa)!& 4as mon$&or s5s&em asre%ommen,e, :5 e man)fa%&)rer.

#. S$; s*are 6 / f)ses.

C. Too!s"

1. T#e &oo!s s#a!! $n%!),e an5 s*e%$a! &oo!s re()$re, for ser'$%$n4+ma$n&a$n$n4+ an, re*a$r$n4 e *ower &ransformers.

2. Too!s s#a!! :e :o;e, an, *reser'e, a4a$ns& ,e&er$ora&$on $ns&ora4e.

. L$f&$n4 s*rea,ers for e f)!!5 assem:!e, &ransformers s#a!! :e*ro'$,e, $f re()$re, &o !$f& e &ransformers.

2. FACTORJ ASSEM-LJ AN TESTS

A. Genera!" T#e *ower &ransformers s#a!! :e assem:!e, a& e fa%&or5 &oe e;&en& ne%essar5 for &es&$n4. Ea%# assem:!e, )n$& s#a!! :e 4$'ene man)fa%&)rers ro)&$ne s#o* &es&s+ an, e &es&s s*e%$f$e, :e!ow.T#e &es&s+ &es& e()$*men&+ &es& meo,s+ meas)remen&s+ an,%om*)&a&$ons s#a!! :e $n a%%or,an%e w$ ANSI C87.12.00 an,C87.12.0+ an, NEMA P):!$%a&$on No. TR 1.

-. Transformers Tes&s"

1. Res$s&an%e Meas)remen&s" T#e res$s&an%e of e *r$mar5 w$n,$n4

an, &a*s+ an, se%on,ar5 w$n,$n4 s#a!! :e meas)re, $n e fo!!ow$n4se()en%e"

a. Af&er e w$n,$n4 of ea%# %o$! $s %om*!e&e, :)& *r$or &o :e$n4assem:!e, on e %ore $ron.

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:. Af&er e %o$!s are assem:!e, on e %ore $ron+ an, af&er %ores&a%/$n4 an, *)!! ,own are %om*!e&e+ :)& *r$or &o 'a%))m &an/*ro%ess$n4.

%. Af&er e %ore an, %o$! assem:!5 #as :een *!a%e, $n e

&ransformers &an/ )n,er o$!+ an, e &a* %#an4er $s %onne%&e,an, $s o*era&$ona!.

,. T#e &em*era&)re ,$fferen&$a! :e&ween &o* an, :o&&om o$!&em*era&)res s#a!! :e meas)re, w$ ermome&ers+ an, s#a!!no& e;%ee, a 8 ,e4ree Ce!s$)s ,$fferen%e. T#e w$n,$n4 s#a!! :e)n,er e $ns)!a&$on o$! w$ no e;%$&a&$on or %)rren& $n ew$n,$n4 for a *er$o, of a& !eas& #o)rs :efore e %o!,res$s&an%e $s meas)re,.

e. Af&er e %ore an, %o$! assem:!5 $s *!a%e, an, se%)re, $n e&ransformers &an/+ %ore &o 4ro)n, $ns)!a&$on &es& s#a!! :e

*erforme,. T#e wa&&+ %)rren&+ *ower fa%&or+ an, %a*a%$&an%e fore %ore s#a!! :e meas)re, )s$n4 2.8 / a% *ower. T#emeas)re, 'a!)e s#a!! :e %orre%&e, &o 20 ,e4rees Ce!s$)s.

2. O$! Lea/ Tes&" T#e ra,$a&ors s#a!! :e &es&e, :efore assem:!5 on e&ransformers. T#e &an/ an, ra,$a&ors s#a!! :e &es&e, for o$! !ea/s :5%om*!e&e!5 f$!!$n4 w$ o$! an, a**!5$n4 a 4a)4e *ress)re of 10 *s$an, o$! &em*era&)re of 0 ,e4rees Ce!s$)s for no& !ess an12 #o)rs.

. $sso!'e, Gas Ana!5s$s Tes&" T#e $ns)!a&$n4 o$! s#a!! :e sam*!e, :5

an a**ro'e, %ommer%$a! !a:ora&or5 for fa)!& 4as ana!5s$s asfo!!ows"

a. >*on f$!!$n4 of e &ransformers *r$or &o fa%&or5 &es&$n4.

:. >*on %om*!e&$on of fa%&or5 &es&$n4 *r$or &o remo'a! of o$! frome &ransformers.

%. T#e &es& *ro%e,)res s#a!! %onform &o ASTM 612+ Meo, A.T#e e;&ra%&$on &$me s#a!! no& :e !ess an 20 m$n)&es. T#e 4asana!5s$s &es&s s#a!! ,e&erm$ne %on%en&ra&$ons of eane+meane+ a%e&5!ene+ e!ene+ #5,ro4en+ o;54en+ n$&ro4en+%ar:on mono;$,e an, %ar:on ,$o;$,e $n e $ns)!a&$n4 o$! w$an a%%)ra%5 of 1 *ar& *er m$!!$on.

. Po!ar$&5 an, P#ase Re!a&$on Tes&s" Po!ar$&5 an, *#ase re!a&$on &es&ss#a!! :e *erforme, on e ra&e, 'o!&a4e %onne%&$on. T#e *#asere!a&$ons#$* meas)remen&s s#a!! :e *erforme, )s$n4 e 'o!&me&ermeo, an, %#e%/e, :5 %a!%)!a&e, 'a!)es.

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8. Ra&$o Tes&s" Ra&$o &es&s s#a!! :e *erforme, on e ra&e, 'o!&a4e%onne%&$on an, on ea%# &a* %onne%&$on )s$n4 e 'o!&me&ermeo,. Two 'o!&me&ers an, &wo *o&en&$a! &ransformers s#a!! :e)se, &o *ro'$,e s$m)!&aneo)s rea,$n4s a& fo)r 'o!&a4es+ $na**ro;$ma&e!5 10 *er%en& s&e*s. T#e a'era4e res)!& of e fo)r

rea,$n4s s#a!! :e &a/en as e &r)e 'a!)e an, s#a!! %#e%/ es*e%$f$e, ra&$o w$$n one *er%en&. T#e ra&$o :r$,4e meo, of&es&$n4 w$!! :e a%%e*&a:!e $n !$e) of e 'o!&me&er meo,.

6. No Loa, Loss Tes&"

a. No !oa, !oss &es& s#a!! :e *erforme, :5 e a'era4e9'o!&a4e'o!&me&er meo, af&er e $m*)!se &es&s. T#ree wa&&me&erss#a!! :e )se, for meas)remen&s+ an, e s)m of ewa&&me&ers s#a!! :e %ons$,ere, as e no !oa, !oss. Lossmeas)remen&s s#a!! :e *erforme, a& 0 *er%en&+ 100 *er%en&an, 110 *er%en& of ra&e, 'o!&a4e.

:. E;%$&a&$on 'o!&a4es s#a!! :e meas)re, :e&ween ea%# &erm$na!w$ an rms 'o!&me&er an, an a'era4e rea,$n4 'o!&me&er. T#ee;%$&a&$on %)rren& s#a!! :e meas)re, $n ea%# *#ase !ea, w$ anrms amme&er.

%. No !oa, !osses an, e;%$&$n4 %)rren& s#a!! :e ,e&erm$ne, for eONAN ra&e, 'o!&a4e an, fre()en%5 on a s$ne wa'e :as$s.

7. Im*e,an%e Tes& In%!),$n4 Loa, Loss"

a. T#e !osses s#a!! :e ,e&erm$ne, for e ONAN an, ONAFra&$n4s a& e fa%&or5 am:$en& &em*era&)re.

:. Pr$or &o s&ar& of e !oa, !oss &es&+ res$s&an%e of e #$4# 'o!&a4ean, !ow 'o!&a4e w$n,$n4s+ an, &a*s+ s#a!! :e meas)re,fo!!ow$n4 e *ro%e,)res )se, $n Para4ra*# 2.0 -.1.

%. Meas)remen& of $m*e,an%e+ 'o!&a4e an, !oa, !oss s#a!! :e*erforme, a& e 0+000 /A :ase an, 0+000 /A :ase for e6 / .16 / &ransformers a& ea%# &a*+ a& e 6+000 /A:ase an, 3+000 /A :ase for e 20 / 6 / &ransformersa& ea%# &a* an, a& e +000 /A :ase an, +000 /A :ase fore 6 / 1.3 / &ransformer a& ea%# &a*. T#e reewa&&me&er meo, s#a!! :e )se, for meas)r$n4 !osses+ an,*r$mar5 an, se%on,ar5 %)rren&s s#a!! :e meas)re,.

,. T#e $m*e,an%e of e &ransformers s#a!! #a'e a &o!eran%e of7.8 *er%en& of e s*e%$f$e, 'a!)e. Loa, !osses for eeff$%$en%5 %a!%)!a&$ons s#a!! :e ,e&erm$ne, for ra&e, 'o!&a4e+

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%)rren&+ an, fre()en%5 a& e ONAN ra&$n4+ an, %orre%&e, &o ereferen%e &em*era&)re as ,es%r$:e, :e!ow.

3. To&a! Losses an, Eff$%$en%5"

a. T#e referen%e &em*era&)re for ,e&erm$n$n4 &o&a! !osses an,eff$%$en%5 s#a!! :e e()a! &o e s)m of e ra&e, a'era4e&em*era&)re r$se :5 res$s&an%e a& e ONAN ra&$n4+ *!)s20 ,e4rees Ce!s$)s.

:. T#e no !oa, !osses an, e;%$&a&$on %)rren& s#a!! :e ,e&erm$ne,for e ONAN ra&e, 'o!&a4e an, fre()en%5 on a s$ne wa'e:as$s.

%. T#e !oa, !osses s#a!! :e ,e&erm$ne, for e ONAN ra&e,'o!&a4e+ %)rren&+ an, fre()en%5 an, s#a!! :e %orre%&e, &o ereferen%e &em*era&)re.

,. T#e eff$%$en%5 of e &ransformers s#a!! :e %a!%)!a&e, on e:as$s of e referen%e &em*era&)re.

e. T#e eff$%$en%5 of e &ransformers s#a!! :e e ra&$o of $&s )sef)!*ower o)&*)& &o $&s &o&a! *ower $n*)& :5 e form)!a"

Eff$%$en%5 o)&*)& $n*)&

$n*)& !osses

$n*)&

1 !osses$n*)&

1 !osseso)&*)& !osses

. Tem*era&)re R$se Tes&s"

a. Tem*era&)re r$se &es&s


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Power Transformers

!osses for e %onne%&$on an, !oa,$n4 )se,. To&a! !osses s#a!!:e ose meas)re, $n S):*ara4ra*# 6+ No Loa, Loss Tes&+ an,S):*ara4ra*# 7+ Im*e,an%e Tes& In%!),$n4 Loa, Loss s*e%$f$e,a:o'e+ an, %on'er&e, &o a &em*era&)re e()a! &o e ra&e,a'era4e w$n,$n4 &em*era&)re r$se+ *!)s 20 ,e4ree Ce!s$)s.

,. o& res$s&an%e rea,$n4s s#a!! :e &a/en on e #$4# 'o!&a4ew$n,$n4+ an, e &$me from e $ns&an& of s#)&,own &o ea%#res$s&an%e meas)remen& s#a!! :e re%or,e,. A m$n$m)m of s$;me&er rea,$n4s s#a!! :e &a/en w$$n m$n)&es of s#)&,own.

Af&er e #$4# 'o!&a4e res$s&an%e #as :een %#e%/e,+ e #ea&r)n s#a!! :e res)me, for a& !eas& one more #o)r w$ rea,$n4san, &em*era&)res :e$n4 re%or,e,. T#e #ea& r)n s#a!! :e&erm$na&e, an, #o& res$s&an%e rea,$n4s s#a!! :e &a/en on e!ow 'o!&a4e w$n,$n4 $n e same manner an, w$ e same&$me frame as e #$4# 'o!&a4e w$n,$n4. T#e w$n,$n4&em*era&)re s#a!! :e %orre%&e, &o e $ns&an& of s#)&,own )s$n4e %oo!$n4 %)r'e meo,. T#e res$s&an%eH&$me ,a&a s#a!! :e*!o&&e, an, e res)!&$n4 %)r'e e;&ra*o!a&e, &o o:&a$n eres$s&an%e a& e $ns&an& of s#)&,own. T#$s res$s&an%e s#a!! :e)se, &o %a!%)!a&e e a'era4e w$n,$n4 &em*era&)re a& s#)&,ownfor ea%# ra&$n4.

10. A),$:!e So)n, Le'e! Tes&" T#e a),$:!e so)n, !e'e! &es& s#a!! :e*erforme, $n a%%or,an%e w$ NEMA P):!$%a&$on No. TR 190.08 an,

ANSIHIEEE C87.12.0.

11. Im*)!se Tes&s"

a. Im*)!se &es&s s#a!! :e *erforme, on #$4# an, !ow 'o!&a4e&erm$na!s w$o)& e;%$&a&$on. >n4ro)n,e, &erm$na!s no& :e$n4&es&e, ma5 :e *ro&e%&e, :5 a 4a*+ *ro'$,e, e 4a* ,oes no&f!as# o'er ,)r$n4 e &es&. Im*)!se &es&s s#a!! %ons$s& of a& !eas&one re,)%e, f)!!9wa'e+ &wo %#o**e,9wa'e+ an, one f)!!9wa'eon ea%# w$n,$n4. T#e Con&ra%&or ma5 *erform an5 oer$m*)!se &es&s af&er e $n$&$a! re,)%e, wa'e+ an, *r$or &o e !as&&wo %#o**e,9wa'e an, f$na! f)!!9wa'e &es&s.

:. Gro)n, %)rren& meas)remen&s $n a%%or,an%e w$ e

ANSI C87.12.1 &es&$n4 s&an,ar,s s#a!! :e ma,e. T#e meo,)se, for ,e&e%&$on of $ns)!a&$on fa$!)re s#a!! :e e %om*ar$sonof wa'es. T#e re%or,s for e re,)%e, f)!!9wa'e an, f$na! f)!!9wa'e s#a!! #a'e $,en&$%a! am*!$&),es &o a$, fa$!)re ,e&e%&$on :5s)*er$m*os$n4 e os%$!!o4rams of e &es& wa'es. >n!ess e%om*ar$son &es& wa'es are $,en&$%a!+ &es&s+ re()$re, &o,e&erm$ne e %a)se for an, remo'a! of e ,$s&)r:an%e+ s#a!!:e ma,e.

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%. Os%$!!o4rams for 4ro)n, %)rren& an, a**!$e, 'o!&a4e s#a!! :ere%or,e, an, f)rn$s#e, &o e En4$neer for re'$ew.

12. Ins)!a&$on Power Fa%&or Tes&s"

a. Ins)!a&$on *ower fa%&or &es&s s#a!! :e *erforme, :efore an,af&er e &ransformer #ea& r)ns. T#e res$s&an%e &em*era&)rean, e o$! &em*era&)re s#a!! :e near 20 ,e4rees Ce!s$)s. T#emeas)re, 'a!)e s#a!! :e %orre%&e, &o 20 ,e4rees Ce!s$)s.

:. Ins)!a&$on *ower fa%&or &es&s s#a!! :e ma,e from w$n,$n4s &o4ro)n, an, :e&ween w$n,$n4s.

1. Ins)!a&$on Res$s&an%e Tes&s" Ins)!a&$on res$s&an%e &es&s s#a!! :ema,e w$ a mo&or ,r$'en me44er+ 2+800 'o!& ,% a**!$e, &o ea%#w$n,$n4. T#e &es& s#a!! :e ma,e :efore an, af&er e #ea& r)n an,e *ower fa%&or &es&s.

1. Po!ar$?a&$on In,e; Tes&" T#$s &es& $s an $ns)!a&$on &es& of e %orean, w$n,$n4. T#e &es& s#a!! :e ma,e w$ a mo&or ,r$'en me44er2+800 'o!& ,% a**!$e, &o ea%# w$n,$n4 an, %ore for 10 m$n)&es w$rea,$n4s &a/en e'er5 m$n)&e. T#$s &es& s#a!! :e ,one $mme,$a&e!5af&er $ns)!a&$on res$s&an%e &es&.

18. In,)%e, Po&en&$a! Tes&" T#e $n,)%e, *o&en&$a! &es& s#a!! :e a&1.8 &$mes e ra&e, 'o!&a4e an, s#a!! :e a**!$e, for 1 #o)r. T#ema;$m)m RI


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Power Transformers

,. Po&en&$a! &a* w$s&an, 'o!&a4e.

2. W#en e *ower fa%&or &es&s s#ow more an a one *er%en&'ar$a&$on %orre%&e, &o 20 ,e4rees Ce!s$)s+ or w#en e %a*a%$&an%e&es& $n,$%a&es a 'ar$a&$on of one *er%en& or more from 'a!)es

o:&a$ne, from e or$4$na! :)s#$n4 man)fa%&)rers &es&+ e :)s#$n4w$!! :e %ons$,ere, ,efe%&$'e.

. An5 $n,$%a&$on of $n&erna! $on$?a&$on $n e$er of e re*ea&e, &es&sw$!! :e %a)se for re@e%&$on.

. -)s#$n4 C)rren& Transformers Tes&s" -)s#$n4 %)rren& &ransformerss#a!! :e &es&e, $n a%%or,an%e w$ ANSI C87.1. T#e a**!$%a&$on ,a&a!$s&e, ere$n s#a!! :e f)rn$s#e, for )se $n *erforman%e %a!%)!a&$ons.

E. S)r4e Arres&er Tes&s"

1. Conforman%e &es&s for e s)r4e arres&ers s#a!! :e *erforme, $na%%or,an%e w$ ANSIHIEEE C62.11. T#e %er&$f$e, &es& re*or&s frome man)fa%&)rers for e fo!!ow$n4 &es&s w$!! :e a%%e*&a:!e"

a. Power9fre()en%5 s*ar/o'er &es&.

:. Fron&9of9wa'e $m*)!se s*ar/o'er &es&.

%. $s%#ar4e 'o!&a4e &es&.

,. In&erna! $on$?a&$on an, ra,$o $nf!)en%e 'o!&a4e &es&.

F. M$s%e!!aneo)s Tes&s" O*era&$ona! &es&s for e fo!!ow$n4 a%%essor$esan, ,e'$%es s#a!! :e *erforme, an, res)!&s s#a!! :e re%or,e, an,f)rn$s#e, &o e En4$neer"

1. $a!9&5*e !$()$, ermome&er w$ re()$re, se&s of sw$&%#es fora!arm an, %on&ro! %$r%)$&s.

2. $a!9&5*e w$n,$n4 ermome&er w$ re()$re, se&s of sw$&%#es fora!arm an, %on&ro! %$r%)$&s.

. O$! !e'e! 4a)4e w$ !ow !e'e! a!arm %on&a%&s.

. S),,en *ress)re re!a5.

8. Press)re re!$ef ,e'$%e.

6. A);$!$ar5 re!a5s as a**!$%a:!e.

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PART EEC>TION

.1 FIEL >ALITJ CONTROL

A. Genera!"

1. T#e e*ar&men& w$!! *erform e f$e!, &es&s ass$s&e, :5 e ere%&$n4en4$neer an, *)m* s&a&$on %on&ra%&or &o 'er$f5 e $n&e4r$&5 of e&ransformers af&er e $ns&a!!a&$on an, *r$or &o ener4$?a&$on w$&ransformers $so!a&e, from an, L %a:!e %onne%&$ons. T#e f$e!,&es&s w$!! %ons$s& of+ :)& are no& !$m$&e, &o+ e fo!!ow$n4 &es&s"

a. Ins)!a&$on res$s&an%e &es& $n%!),$n4 %ore &o 4ro)n,.

:. T)rns ra&$o on e &a*s.

%. Im*e,an%e &es& w$ 9*#ase !ow 'o!&a4e s)**!5.

,. $e!e%&r$% &es&s for $ns)!a&$on o$!.


42/42

Power Transformers

PART MEAS>REMENT AN PAJMENT

.1 MEAS>REMENT

A. Meas)remen& for *a5men& for e %on&ra%& $&ems 20 / 6 / PowerTransformer+ 6 / 1.3 / Power Transformer+ an, 6 / .16 /Power Transformer w$!! :e e n)m:er ,e!$'ere,.

.2 PAJMENT

A. T#e %on&ra%& *r$%es w$!! :e *a$, for 20 K 6 K POWERTRANSFORMER 6 K 1.3 K POWER TRANSFORMER 6 K

.16 K POWER TRANSFORMER an, ACCESSORIES+ SPAREPARTS+ AN TOOLS w#$%# *r$%es s#a!! $n%!),e f)!! %om*ensa&$on fora!! %os&s $n%)rre, )n,er $s se%&$on.

EN OF SECTION

16270 power transformers

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