16.2 concentrations of solutions > 1 copyright © pearson education, inc., or its affiliates. all...

162 Concentrations of Solutions gt162 Concentrations of Solutions gt

1 Copyright copy Pearson Education Inc or its affiliates All Rights Reserved

Chapter 16Solutions

161 Properties of Solutions

162 Concentrations of Solutions

163 Colligative Properties of Solutions164 Calculations Involving Colligative Properties



How can you describe the concentration of a solution

The federal government and state governments set standards limiting the amount of contaminants allowed in drinking water

CHEMISTRY amp YOUCHEMISTRY amp YOU



MolarityMolarity

Molarity

How do you calculate the molarity of a solution



MolarityMolarity

The concentration of a solution is a measure of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given quantity of solvent

bull A solution that contains a relatively small amount of solute is a dilute solution

bull A concentrated solution contains a large amount of solute



MolarityMolarity

In chemistry the most important unit of concentration is molarity

bull Molarity (M) is the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution

bull Molarity is also known as molar concentration



MolarityMolarity

The figure below illustrates the procedure for making a 05M or 05-molar solution

Add 05 mol of solute to a 1-L volumetric flask half filled with distilled water

Swirl the flask carefully to dissolve the solute

Fill the flask with water exactly to the 1-L mark



MolarityMolarity

To calculate the molarity of a solution divide the number of moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters

Molarity (M) = moles of soluteliters of solution



Intravenous (IV) saline solutions are often administered to patients in the hospital One saline solution contains 090 g NaCl in exactly 100 mL of solution What is the molarity of the solution

Sample Problem 162Sample Problem 162

Calculating Molarity



KNOWNS

UNKNOWN

solution concentration = M

Analyze List the knowns and the unknown1


solution concentration = 090 g NaCl100 mL

molar mass NaCl = 585 gmol

Convert the concentration from g100 mL to molL The sequence is

g100 mL rarr mol100 mL rarr molL



Use the molar mass to convert g NaCl100 mL to mol NaCl100 mL Then convert the volume units so that your answer is expressed in molL

Calculate Solve for the unknown2


The relationship 1 L = 1000 mL gives you the conversion factor 1000 mL1 L

Solutionconcentration =

= 015 molL

= 015M

090 g NaCl 1 mol NaCl 1000 mL 100 mL 585 g NaCl 1 L



bull The answer should be less than 1M because a concentration of 090 g100 mL is the same as 90 g1000 mL (90 g1 L) and 90 g is less than 1 mol NaCl

bull The answer is correctly expressed to two significant figures

Evaluate Does the result make sense3




Household laundry bleach is a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) How many moles of solute are present in 15 L of 070M NaClO


Calculating the Moles of Solute in a Solution



KNOWNS

UNKNOWN

moles solute = mol



volume of solution = 15 L

solution concentration = 070M NaClO

The conversion is volume of solution rarr moles of solute Molarity has the units molL so you can use it as a conversion factor between moles of solute and volume of solution



Multiply the given volume by the molarity expressed in molL



Make sure that your volume units cancel when you do these problems If they donrsquot then yoursquore probably missing a conversion factor in your calculations

15 L = 11 mol NaClO070 mol NaCl

1 L



bull The answer should be greater than 1 mol but less than 15 mol because the solution concentration is less than 075 molL and the volume is less than 2 L






How much water is required to make a 100M aqueous solution of NaCl if 584 g of NaCl are dissolved

A 100 liter of water

B enough water to make 100 liter of solution

C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water






C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water



Making DilutionsMaking Dilutions

Making Dilutions

What effect does dilution have on the amount of solute




Both of these solutions contain the same amount of solutebull You can tell by the color of solution (a) that it is

more concentrated than solution (b)

bull Solution (a) has the greater molarity

bull The more dilute solution (b) was made from solution (a) by adding more solvent




Diluting a solution reduces the number of moles of solute per unit volume but the total number of moles of solute in solution does not change

Moles of solute before dilution =

Moles of solute after dilution




The definition of molarity can be rearranged to solve for moles of solute

Molarity (M) = moles of solute

liters of solution (V)

Moles of solute = molarity (M) liters of solution (V)






The total number of moles of solute remains unchanged upon dilution

Moles of solute = M1 V1 = M2 V2

bull M1 and V1 are the molarity and the volume of the initial solution

bull M2 and V2 are the molarity and volume of the diluted solution




She measures 20 mL of the stock solution with a 20-mL pipet

She transfers the 20 mL to a 100-mL volumetric flask

She carefully adds water to the mark to make 100 mL of solution

The student is preparing 100 mL of 040M MgSO4 from a stock solution of 20M MgSO4



How many milliliters of aqueous 200M MgSO4 solution must be diluted with water to prepare 1000 mL of aqueous 0400M MgSO4


Preparing a Dilute Solution



KNOWNS

UNKNOWN

V1 = mL of 200M MgSO4



M1 = 200M MgSO4

M2 = 0400M MgSO4

V2 = 1000 mL of 0400M MgSO4

Use the equation M1 V1 = M2 V2 to solve for the unknown initial volume of solution (V1) that is diluted with water



Solve for V1 and substitute the known values into the equation



V1 = = = 200 mLM2 V2

M1

0400M 1000 mL200M

Thus 200 mL of the initial solution must be diluted by adding enough water to increase the volume to 1000 mL



bull The initial concentration is five times larger than the dilute concentration

bull Because the number of moles of solute does not change the initial volume of solution should be one-fifth the final volume of the diluted solution





1000 mL of a 0300M CuSO45H2O solution is diluted to 5000 mL What is the concentration of the diluted solution




M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = 00600M

M2 = = M1 V1

V2

0300M 1000 mL

5000 mL



Percent SolutionsPercent Solutions

Percent SolutionsHow do percent by volume and percent by mass differ




Percent by volume of a solution is the ratio of the volume of solute to the volume of solution




Percent by volume of a solution is the ratio of the volume of solute to the volume of solutionbull Isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol) is sold

as a 91-percent solution by volume






bull You could prepare such a solution by diluting 91 mL of pure isopropyl alcohol with enough water to make 100 mL of solution






bull The concentration is written as 91 percent by volume 91 percent (volumevolume) or 91 (vv)





Percent by volume ((vv)) = 100 volume of solution

volume of solute



What is the percent by volume of ethanol (C2H6O or ethyl alcohol) in the final solution when 85 mL of ethanol is diluted to a volume of 250 mL with water


Calculating Percent by Volume



KNOWNS

UNKNOWN

Percent by volume = ethanol (vv)



volume of solute = 85 mL ethanol

volume of solution = 250 mL

Use the known values for the volume of solute and volume of solution to calculate percent by volume



State the equation for percent by volume



Percent by volume ((vv)) = 100volume of solution

volume of solute



Substitute the known values into the equation and solve



Percent by volume ((vv)) = 100 250 mL

85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)



bull The volume of the solute is about one-third the volume of the solution so the answer is reasonable







Percent by mass of a solution is the ratio of the mass of the solute to the mass of the solution

Percent by mass ((mm)) = 100mass of solution

mass of solute

Another way to express the concentration of a solution is as a percent by mass or percent (massmass)




bull Percent by mass is sometimes a convenient measure of concentration when the solute is a solid

bull You have probably seen information on food labels expressed as a percent composition


mass of solute



What are three ways to calculate the concentration of a solution






The concentration of a solution can be calculated in moles solute per liter of solvent or molarity (M) percent by volume ((vv)) or percent by mass ((mm))



How many grams of glucose (C6H12O6) are needed to make 2000 g of a 28 glucose (mm) solution


Using Percent by Mass as a Conversion Factor



KNOWNS

UNKNOWN

mass of solute = g C6H12O6



mass of solution = 2000 g

percent by mass = 28 C6H12O6(mm)

The conversion is mass of solution rarr mass of solute In a 28 C6H12O6 (mm) solution each 100 g of solution contains 28 g of glucose Used as a conversion factor the concentration allows you to convert g of solution to g of C6H12O6



Write percent by mass as a conversion factor with g C6H12O6 in the numerator



100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6

You can solve this problem by using either dimensional analysis or algebra



Multiply the mass of the solution by the conversion factor



2000 g solution = 56 g C6H12O6100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6



bull The prepared mass of the solution is 20 100 g

bull Since a 100-g sample of 28 (mm) solution contains 28 g of solute you need 20 28 g = 56 g of solute

bull To make the solution mix 56 g of C6H12O6 with

1944 g of solvent

bull 56 g of solute + 1944 g solvent = 2000 g of solution





What is the mass of water in a 2000 g glucose (C6H12O6) solution that is labeled 50 (mm)




(mm) = 100

mass of glucosemass of solution

mass of glucose =

mass of glucose = 2000 g 0050 = 100 g C6H12O6

mass of water = 2000 g ndash 100 g = 1900 g H2O

( (mm)) mass of solution100



Key ConceptsKey Concepts

To calculate the molarity of a solution divide the moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters


Percent by volume is the ratio of the volume of solute to the volume of solution Percent by mass is the ratio of the mass of the solute to the mass of the solution



Key EquationsKey Equations

Percent by mass = 100 mass of solution

mass of solute

Percent by volume = 100volume of solution

volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2



Glossary TermsGlossary Terms

bull concentration a measurement of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given quantity of solvent usually expressed as molL

bull dilute solution a solution that contains a small amount of solute

bull concentrated solution a solution containing a large amount of solute

bull molarity (M) the concentration of solute in a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution



END OF 162END OF 162



How can you describe the concentration of a solution

The federal government and state governments set standards limiting the amount of contaminants allowed in drinking water




MolarityMolarity

Molarity




MolarityMolarity






MolarityMolarity






MolarityMolarity







MolarityMolarity










KNOWNS

UNKNOWN















= 015 molL

= 015M















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN

moles solute = mol













1 L












C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water






C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water




Making Dilutions













































KNOWNS

UNKNOWN




M1 = 200M MgSO4

M2 = 0400M MgSO4

V2 = 1000 mL of 0400M MgSO4







V1 = = = 200 mLM2 V2

M1

0400M 1000 mL200M














M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = 00600M

M2 = = M1 V1

V2

0300M 1000 mL

5000 mL































volume of solute








KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2













MolarityMolarity

Molarity




MolarityMolarity






MolarityMolarity






MolarityMolarity







MolarityMolarity










KNOWNS

UNKNOWN















= 015 molL

= 015M















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN

moles solute = mol













1 L












C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water






C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water




Making Dilutions













































KNOWNS

UNKNOWN




M1 = 200M MgSO4

M2 = 0400M MgSO4

V2 = 1000 mL of 0400M MgSO4







V1 = = = 200 mLM2 V2

M1

0400M 1000 mL200M














M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = 00600M

M2 = = M1 V1

V2

0300M 1000 mL

5000 mL































volume of solute








KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2













MolarityMolarity






MolarityMolarity






MolarityMolarity







MolarityMolarity










KNOWNS

UNKNOWN















= 015 molL

= 015M















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN

moles solute = mol













1 L












C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water






C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water




Making Dilutions













































KNOWNS

UNKNOWN




M1 = 200M MgSO4

M2 = 0400M MgSO4

V2 = 1000 mL of 0400M MgSO4







V1 = = = 200 mLM2 V2

M1

0400M 1000 mL200M














M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = 00600M

M2 = = M1 V1

V2

0300M 1000 mL

5000 mL































volume of solute








KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2













MolarityMolarity






MolarityMolarity







MolarityMolarity










KNOWNS

UNKNOWN















= 015 molL

= 015M















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN

moles solute = mol













1 L












C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water






C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water




Making Dilutions













































KNOWNS

UNKNOWN




M1 = 200M MgSO4

M2 = 0400M MgSO4

V2 = 1000 mL of 0400M MgSO4







V1 = = = 200 mLM2 V2

M1

0400M 1000 mL200M














M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = 00600M

M2 = = M1 V1

V2

0300M 1000 mL

5000 mL































volume of solute








KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2













MolarityMolarity







MolarityMolarity










KNOWNS

UNKNOWN















= 015 molL

= 015M















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN

moles solute = mol













1 L












C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water






C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water




Making Dilutions













































KNOWNS

UNKNOWN




M1 = 200M MgSO4

M2 = 0400M MgSO4

V2 = 1000 mL of 0400M MgSO4







V1 = = = 200 mLM2 V2

M1

0400M 1000 mL200M














M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = 00600M

M2 = = M1 V1

V2

0300M 1000 mL

5000 mL































volume of solute








KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2













MolarityMolarity










KNOWNS

UNKNOWN















= 015 molL

= 015M















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN

moles solute = mol













1 L












C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water






C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water




Making Dilutions













































KNOWNS

UNKNOWN




M1 = 200M MgSO4

M2 = 0400M MgSO4

V2 = 1000 mL of 0400M MgSO4







V1 = = = 200 mLM2 V2

M1

0400M 1000 mL200M














M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = 00600M

M2 = = M1 V1

V2

0300M 1000 mL

5000 mL































volume of solute








KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2


















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN















= 015 molL

= 015M















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN

moles solute = mol













1 L












C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water






C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water




Making Dilutions













































KNOWNS

UNKNOWN




M1 = 200M MgSO4

M2 = 0400M MgSO4

V2 = 1000 mL of 0400M MgSO4







V1 = = = 200 mLM2 V2

M1

0400M 1000 mL200M














M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = 00600M

M2 = = M1 V1

V2

0300M 1000 mL

5000 mL































volume of solute








KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2


















= 015 molL

= 015M















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN

moles solute = mol













1 L












C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water






C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water




Making Dilutions













































KNOWNS

UNKNOWN




M1 = 200M MgSO4

M2 = 0400M MgSO4

V2 = 1000 mL of 0400M MgSO4







V1 = = = 200 mLM2 V2

M1

0400M 1000 mL200M














M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = 00600M

M2 = = M1 V1

V2

0300M 1000 mL

5000 mL































volume of solute








KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2
























KNOWNS

UNKNOWN

moles solute = mol













1 L












C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water






C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water




Making Dilutions













































KNOWNS

UNKNOWN




M1 = 200M MgSO4

M2 = 0400M MgSO4

V2 = 1000 mL of 0400M MgSO4







V1 = = = 200 mLM2 V2

M1

0400M 1000 mL200M














M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = 00600M

M2 = = M1 V1

V2

0300M 1000 mL

5000 mL































volume of solute








KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2


















1 L












C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water






C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water




Making Dilutions













































KNOWNS

UNKNOWN




M1 = 200M MgSO4

M2 = 0400M MgSO4

V2 = 1000 mL of 0400M MgSO4







V1 = = = 200 mLM2 V2

M1

0400M 1000 mL200M














M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = 00600M

M2 = = M1 V1

V2

0300M 1000 mL

5000 mL































volume of solute








KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2






















C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water






C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water




Making Dilutions













































KNOWNS

UNKNOWN




M1 = 200M MgSO4

M2 = 0400M MgSO4

V2 = 1000 mL of 0400M MgSO4







V1 = = = 200 mLM2 V2

M1

0400M 1000 mL200M














M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = 00600M

M2 = = M1 V1

V2

0300M 1000 mL

5000 mL































volume of solute








KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2
















C 100 kg of water

D 100 mL of water




Making Dilutions













































KNOWNS

UNKNOWN




M1 = 200M MgSO4

M2 = 0400M MgSO4

V2 = 1000 mL of 0400M MgSO4







V1 = = = 200 mLM2 V2

M1

0400M 1000 mL200M














M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = 00600M

M2 = = M1 V1

V2

0300M 1000 mL

5000 mL































volume of solute








KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2














Making Dilutions













































KNOWNS

UNKNOWN




M1 = 200M MgSO4

M2 = 0400M MgSO4

V2 = 1000 mL of 0400M MgSO4







V1 = = = 200 mLM2 V2

M1

0400M 1000 mL200M














M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = 00600M

M2 = = M1 V1

V2

0300M 1000 mL

5000 mL































volume of solute








KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2






















































KNOWNS

UNKNOWN




M1 = 200M MgSO4

M2 = 0400M MgSO4

V2 = 1000 mL of 0400M MgSO4







V1 = = = 200 mLM2 V2

M1

0400M 1000 mL200M














M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = 00600M

M2 = = M1 V1

V2

0300M 1000 mL

5000 mL































volume of solute








KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2
















V1 = = = 200 mLM2 V2

M1

0400M 1000 mL200M














M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = 00600M

M2 = = M1 V1

V2

0300M 1000 mL

5000 mL































volume of solute








KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2























M1 V1 = M2 V2

M2 = 00600M

M2 = = M1 V1

V2

0300M 1000 mL

5000 mL































volume of solute








KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2









































volume of solute








KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2


















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN













volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2

















volume of solute







85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2

















85 mL ethanol

= 34 ethanol (vv)












mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2






















mass of solute








mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2

















mass of solute

















KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2



























KNOWNS

UNKNOWN












100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2
















100 g solution

28 g C6H12O6








28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2

















28 g C6H12O6






1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2
















1944 g of solvent










(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2

















(mm) = 100


mass of glucose =














mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2





















mass of solute


volume of solute


liters of solution

M1 V1 = M2 V2











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