1607• Year in which representatives of the

Virginia Company of London established the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia.

Mayflower Compact

• Written in 1620 by male Pilgrims on the Mayflower. Created government where none had existed based on majority rule.

A social contract where all agreed to abide by these rules in the colonies.

Slave Trade

• The buying and selling of millions of Africans to North America.

PLANTATION SYSTEM• SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION BASED

ON LARGE SCALE LANDOWNERSHIP; DEPENDED UPON SLAVE LABOR; ASSISTED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN AGRARIAN SOCIETY IN THE SOUTH

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES• ALONG THE ATLANTIC COAST• SUBSISTENCE FARMING• POOR SOIL• COLD CLIMATE• FORESTS• • • ECONOMIC FACTORS: RAW MATERIALS, LOGGING, FISHING SHIPBUILDING• POLITICAL FACTORS: TOWN MEETINGS, REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT• SOCIAL FACTORS: SMALL COASTAL TOWNS (BOSTON ONLY LARGE CITY)• RELIGIOUS FACTORS: PURITANS, PILGRIMS• RICH SOIL• BROAD, DEEP RIVERS• MORE NATURAL PORTS• RIVER VALLEYS• MILD WINTERS• RAW MATERIALS• ECONOMIC FACTORS: LARGE FARMS, LOGGING, FISHING, SHIPBUILDING• POLITICAL FACTORS: MORE TOLERANCE; DIVERSITY• SOCIAL FACTORS SMALL COASTAL TOWNS (PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, NEW YORK WERE LARGE CITIES)• RELIGIOUS FACTORS: QUAKERS, CATHOLICS•

Southern Colonies• Appalachian Mountains• Navigable rivers• Richer soil• Warm climate• Raw materials• Economic factors: plantations, cash crops, tobacco, rice, cotton• Political factors: more slaves, more class-based society• Social factors and small coastal towns (Savannah, Charleston

were large cities)• Religious factors: Church of England, Catholics (Maryland),

more diverse

Great Awakening

• Religious movement in the 1730s and 1740s.• Preached personal salvation as opposed to the

Puritan beliefs of pre-destination.• JONATHAN EDWARDS – one of the best known

preachers of the time – his sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” urged believers to develop a personal relationship with God.

• This movement revitalized American religion by adding emotion. The Abolitionist Movement began in response to the Great Awakening.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

• First written constitution in the colonies; document that people had the right to elect governors, judges, and a legislature. Was written by the people; the fact that it was written down gave the document credibility.

Mercantilism

• Economic theory in which a nation’s wealth is based on the amount of revenue is generated from its colonies.

• The more gold and • silver a nation has • determine its • wealth.

Triangular Trade Route

• Trade route from:• Europe→Africa• Africa→West Indies• West Indies→Europe 

House of Burgesses

• First elected body of representatives in the American colonies; met in Williamsburg, Virginia.

• Based on Parliament.

Middle Colonies• Rich soil• Broad, deep rivers• More natural ports• River valleys• Mild winters• Raw materials• Economic factors: large farms, logging, fishing, shipbuilding• Political factors: more tolerance; diversity• Social factors small coastal towns (Philadelphia, Baltimore,

New York were large cities)• Religious factors: Quakers, Catholics

Effects of Physical and Human Geographic Factors on Major Historical and

Contemporary Events• P h y s i c a l g e o g ra p h i c f a c t o r s – p r o x i m i t y t o

At l a n ti c c o a s t l i n e d e t e r m i n e d w h e r e s e tt l e m e n t s /c o l o n i e s w e r e c r e a t e d

• T h e N e w E n g l a n d M i d d l e c o l o n i e s h a d a c c e s s t o w a t e r w a y s t h a t r e s u l t e d i n h i g h p o p u l a ti o n a n d l a r g e r u r b a n a r e a s .

• S o u t h e r n c o l o n i e s h a d a n a b u n d a n t a m o u n t o f fe r ti l e s o i l t h a t r e s u l t e d i n a n a g r i c u l t u ra l s o c i e t y

• H u m a n g e o g ra p h i c f a c t o r s – r e m o v a l o f t h e N a ti v e A m e r i c a n s , d i s e a s e a n d c o n fl i c t ( e x . G e o r g i a a s a b u ffe r b e t w e e n t h e o t h e r B r i ti s h c o l o n i e s a n d S p a n i s h F l o r i d a )