160615 promising enhancements of the defence logistics footprint using additive manufacturing (carla...

Promising Enhancements of the Defence Logistics Footprint Using Additive Manufacturing

Framework and Business Cases І Carla Andela, Nils Knofius, 28 April 2016

Content

Supply Chain

• Changes of the Supply Chain

• Advantages and disadvantages

Business Cases

• Air Force

• Conclusions and way forward

Promising Enhancements of the Defence Logistics Footprint Using Additive Manufacturing, 15 June 2016

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Supply Chain and Additive Manufacturing

Option 1: 3D printer Out of Area Option 2:

3D printer Central location

Option 3/4: • Commercially

AM products • Partnerships

with industry

Depots

GP POE’s POD’s

Area of Deployment

RC

Customer

Local SupplyCivilian Suppliers

Some using 3d-printing

Demand

Goods

Legend:

GP = Groupage PointPOE = Point of EmbarkationPOD = Point of DisembarkationSC = Stock CenterRC = Replenishment Center

Customer

SC


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Metal AM of complex metal products: Advantages and Disadvantages

• Less setup costs and less tooling costs • Lower development costs (increase the

pace of design to product) • Eco friendly: less influence on CO2 • Shorter delivery time • High complexity possible • Flexibility (printing on-demand,

customisation)

• Lower production speed • Higher investment costs • Unclear responsibilities regarding IPR,

warranties, certification • Process variability/ quality • Not efficient for large series • Limited choice of material • Limited dimensions of product • Complexity of the Supply Chain (3D

printing is added to the Supply Chain)

Advantages Disadvantages


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Option 1: Out of Area

• Close to operation, short delivery lead times

• Higher mission effectivity

• Fragile supply chain: Shipment of 3D printer including, materials, etc.

• Lack of experience • Personnel capacity • Administrative task (configuration

management, file control, security etc.) • Conditions: temperature extremes, limited

infrastructure, humidity, high dust levels • Power supply? • Operational time limits (90 to 130 days only)

Disadvantages Advantages


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Option 2: Central location

• Controlling the production process • Prototyping possibilities to fix problems

or get experience • Exploitation of scale effects

• Extra training need for personnel • Personnel capacity • Administrative task (configuration

management, file control etc.) • Longer delivery time than in Option 1

Advantages Disadvantages


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Option 3 / 4: Industry - partnership

• Prototyping possibilities to fix problems or get experience

• Sharing investment costs that reduces risk of technological obsolescence

• Knowledge transfer about 3D printing technology

• Less investments related to training, administrative tasks, and personnel capacity, compared to Options 1 and 2

• Extra costs for prototyping • Compared to Option 1 and 2 lead times

are longer

Disadvantages Advantages


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List of criteria for the selection of interesting parts

Technical:

• Type of part

• Part size

Supply Chain:

• Demand rate

• Supply risk

• Life cycle phase

• Resupply lead time

Economic:

• Sourcing costs

• Design ownership

• Safety stock

Technical criteria

Part size

Material

etc.

Economic criteria

Purchasing costs

Design ownership

etc.

Logistical criteria

Demand rate

Order lead time

etc.


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Application at NH90 Case

1. Type of part: Repairables, excluding tooling and packing, excluding modification standards

2. Part size: not considered

3. Demand rate: not considered

4. Supply risk: not considered

5. Life cycle phase: not considered

6. Resupply lead time: Supply delivery time

7. Sourcing costs: cost price of part

8. Design ownership: Fokker

9. Safety stock: not considered

Not considered= due to data unavailability!


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Application at NH90 Case

• Results:

• 100 parts were selected

• List is reviewed with Fokker on technical criteria

• Approximately 5 parts are promising

• Availability of technical data is essential!

• Additional information regarding material and dimensions received

• Next step: make cost estimation


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Conclusions

• Complex products with long delivery times, and small series are interesting

• List of criteria is a good starting point to give guidance for identification

• Air Force case: the framework showed the need for sufficient data in particular technical criteria

• Logistic database does not provide required data

• Next studies need to quantify the benefits of AM

NLR Marknesse

Voorsterweg 31, 8316 PR Marknesse, Netherlands

Fully engaged Netherlands Aerospace Centre

p ) +31 88 511 4234 e ) [email protected] i ) www.nlr.nl

Questions?

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