16 new env3 lec23 oz.pptenvs iii
TRANSCRIPT
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Special issues in the Atmosphere
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Ozone in the Stratosphere
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CFCs among other things chew up the ozone. Theyare inert at ground level but fall apart at high energyconditions in the stratosphere.
CF2Cl2 + UV light ----> CF2Cl + Cl
Cl + O3 ----> ClO + O2
ClO + O ----> Cl + O2
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The ozone layer is thinning at a rate of .5% per
year since late 70s
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Research Council predicts a 2-5% increase in skin
cancer for each 1% depletion of ozone
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Nobel Prize 1995
(despite black balling by DuPont)
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Where do we find CFCs?
We use CFCs forfoaming agents(Styrofoam), computer
and stereo cleaners,athletic instant freezesprays and propellants andrefrigerants.
NOx from jet exhaust in
the stratosphere andagriculture also contributeto thinning.
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Some success!
Because of the Montreal protocol,
CFCs have been phased out around
the world despite protests and foot
dragging from US mostly in
response to protestations fromDuPont.
They have been replaced by
HCFCs and pother compounds,
which are also harmful but possibly
to a lesser degree
Ozone loss will persist until 2045
(best estimate).
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The Greenhouse Effect
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Contributions to greenhouse effect
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This graph shows the seasonal
changes in CO2 concentrations
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22 billion tons comesfrom fossil fuels
15 billion tons areremoved by plants, soiland the ocean leaving asurfeit of 10 billiontons.
Average tree absorbsabout 26 - 40 pound peryear.
Calculate how manynew trees we need to
plant.
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Personal responsibility
44 trees per year
cancels your carbon
dioxide fuel debt. Global Releaf costs 1$
per tree
Tree People
818 753-4600
Go to carbonfund.org
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Kyoto Conference in 1997 tried to reduce CO2 emissions. Clinton
signed but Senate wouldnt ratify. Bush refused. Obama disappointed
his environmental constituency by not signing it either.
We have 4% of worlds population but emit 30% of the CO2
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Cows fart and release methane. Eat beef and die warm.
Methane is 20-30 times better at heat retention
CFCs are 20,000 times better.
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Guilt-free Holiday Tree!
Growing trees absorb
CO2 at a higher rate
than mature trees Tree farms reduce
CO2
Enjoy them!
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Temperature Predictions
Scientists predict a
temperature rise of 3
degrees C by 2100. Politicians dispute this
Who do you want to
listen to about science-
a scientist or a
politician?
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These are all reputable scientific organizations
that have come to similar conclusions
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Consequences
?? Oceans rise 3 mm per
year now
If polar ice caps melt,
oceans may risebetween 20 cm and 14meters!
What happens to Fuji?Philippines? Jamaica?
LA? Holland? NewYork? Formentera?
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Is there evidence? Yes!
Coastline loss:
Poland55%
Cyprus37.8%
Latvia32.8%
Greece28.6%
Belgium25.5%
Italy 23%
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Why are we still arguing about data that the world scientificcommunity agrees on? NOAA, UCS, NASA, Nature, StratigraphyCommission of the Geological Society of London, EPA, ACIA, Caltech,
MIT, Woods Hole, National Academy of Science,Nobel Laureates..The list is VERY long.
Only a handful of scientists oppose the ideas that we are experiencingclimate change. Why are they given equal weight?
Since when do politicians interpret science data? Dont be suckered.
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More ice bergs are calved
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Polar bears are at risk as are
many habitats
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More and more odd things.
wasps in Canadian Arctic
potatoes in Greenland
mussels off Norway
grass in the Antarctic glaciers visibly melting
ocean visibly rising
Melting snows of
Kilamanjaro
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A New Ice Age Because of
Global Warming? Huh? Yes, some scientists
like those at WoodsHole are concerned
that large amounts ofmelted fresh waterwill disrupt thecurrents in the Atlantic
that keep the northwarm (especiallyEurope)
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Just Like Day After Tomorrow?
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The key is the thermohaline circulation. The
salt densities drive the circulation. Melted ice
could disrupt this.
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If the circulation
stops, thetemperature
drops
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One possible method for stabilizing the amount ofcarbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is to inject itinto the deep ocean, either from shore stations or fromtankers at sea.
The consequences of doing this are unknown.
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Personal solutions
Energy conservation
Set your thermostat at areasonable temperature or
better yet, dont use airconditioning at all
Drive less, use a bike,walk, car pool
Oppose deforestation andslash and burn
Covert to solar, wind, tidaland geothermal energies
Buy and use less stuff!
Reduce, reuse, recycle
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Dont sink your own boat!
Do your part!