16 interactions (+, +). 15 interactions (+, +)
TRANSCRIPT
16
INTERACTIONS (+, +)
15
INTERACTIONS (+, +)
INTERACTIONS (+, +)
17
INTERACTIONS (+, +)
INTERACTIONS (+, +)
11
12
INTERACTIONS (-, -)
13
14
INTERACTIONS (-, -)
19
20
INTERACTIONS (+, -)
INTERACTIONS (+, -)
INTERACTIONS (+, -)
INTERACTIONS (+, -)
INTERACTIONS (+, -)
21
INTERACTIONS (+, -)
23
INTERACTIONS (+, ?)
INTERACTIONS (+, ?)
24
18
INTERACTIONS (+, ?)
INTERACTIONS (+, ?)
INTERACTIONS (?, ?)
COMPETITION(Chapter 13)
2Blenny Damselfish
1
INTERFERENCE COMPETITION(INTRASPECIFIC)
INTERFERENCE COMPETITION(INTERSPECIFIC)
RESOURCE COMPETION
9
9
TRENCHED UNTRENCHED
7
78
5 6
TRENCHED UNTRENCHED
13
Intraspecific Competition: Consequences
Leafhopper
Fig. 13.6 in Molles 2006
Number of Leafhoppers (per cage)
Number of Leafhoppers (per cage)
Intraspecific Competition: Consequences
10Alfalfa
11
12
INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION: CONSEQUENCES
Fig. 13-5 in Molles 2006
INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION
NICHE: All environmental factors that influence growth, survival, and reproduction of a
species
Giant Kelp(Macrocystis)
15
Nutrients
Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche(One Axis)
Niche Breadth
Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche(Two Axes)
Nutrients
Oxy
genNiche Breadth 1
Nich
e Bread
th 2
Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche(Three Axes)
Nutrients
Temper
ature
Oxy
gen
15
Giant Kelp Niche:Other Environmental
Factors?
•
•
•
•
N – Dimensional Hypervolume: Hypothetical Space that Represents ALL N Environmental Factors that Influence Growth, Survival and Reproduction
Range of environmental conditions in which a given species can live in the absence of interactions with other species
FUNDAMENTAL NICHE
Giant Kelp(Macrocystis)
Bull Kelp(Nereocystis) 1615
Effect of Interactions with Other Species
NICHE
NICHE OVERLAP
Fundamental Niches of Giant Kelp, Bull Kelp in One Dimension
Giant Kelp Bull Kelp
Resource Utilization
Resource Utilization
ADJUSTMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL NICHE IN PRESENCE OF COMPETITOR
Giant Kelp Bull Kelp
Giant Kelp Bull Kelp
Range of environmental conditions in which a given species can live in the presence of interactions with other species
REALIZED NICHER
esou
rce
Uti
liza
tion
Giant Kelp Bull Kelp
Fundamental and Realized Niche of Chthalamus
Two Species with Same or Very Similar Niche:
Is Coexistence Possible?R
esou
rce
Uti
liza
tion
Competitive Exclusion Principle:(G.F. Gause)
Two Species with Identical Niches
CAN NOT Coexist Indefinitely
1 http://chemistry.csudh.edu/faculty/jim/cozumelaug06small/blenny3.jpg
2 http://jc-research.com/jim/diving-album/images/blenny-coral.jpg
3 http://curiousgeorgecottage.org/wp-content/images/seasm.jpg
4 http://www.picturepawfect.com/Sailing/P0003238.jpg
6 http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/lewisandclark/ images/ponderosa_pine_oregon_charlie_ott.jpg
5 http://www.nau.edu/~cline/speccoll/exhibits/fires/images/treecontrast3.jpg
7 http://www.treedictionary.com/DICT2003/IMAGES/ROOTS% 20DEEP%20TX%20PINE.jpg
8 http://www.ehow.com/images/ehows/steps/edgewwood_1L.jpg
9 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/centraloregon/forestry/images/ Old-GrowthPonderosaPine.jpg
10 http://www.kalyx.com/store/images/medicagosativa3.jpg
11 http://www.fotosearch.com/comp/PHT/PHT365/PAA365000001.jpg
12 http://www.kerrysgarden.us/img/2006/echinacea-seedlings.jpg
13 http://www.microscope-microscope.org/gallery/Kenn/More3/ Leafhopper%20(new)2.jpg
14 http://www.surialink.com/HANDBOOK/Genera/image_browns/macrocystis_ pics/Macrocystis_300.jpg
15 http://elementy.ru/images/news/kelp_macrocystis_pyrifera_300.jpg
16 http://www.westnurc.uaf.edu/anagisa/pics/nereo2.JPG
17 http://www.hsu.edu/content.aspx?id=5515
18 http://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/Blue%20Purple%20Enlarged% 20Photos/2mesa.jpg
19 http://www.shootingstarnativeseed.com/Matt%20Weeding.jpg