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EnvironmentaEnvironmental l

GeologyGeology

James ReichardJames Reichard

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

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Chapter 16Chapter 16Global Climate ChangeGlobal Climate Change

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Earth’s Climate SystemEarth’s Climate System

Solar energySolar energy The Greenhouse EffectThe Greenhouse Effect

Heat balanceHeat balance The Greenhouse and glacial cyclesThe Greenhouse and glacial cycles Variations in the Earth’s orbitVariations in the Earth’s orbit

Milankovitch cyclesMilankovitch cycles

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Feedback MechanismsFeedback Mechanisms

Reflection of solar radiationReflection of solar radiation AlbedoAlbedo

Absorption of solar radiationAbsorption of solar radiation Greenhouse gases and carbon cycleGreenhouse gases and carbon cycle

Carbon sequestrationCarbon sequestration Water vaporWater vapor OceansOceans

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Carbon CycleCarbon Cycle

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OceansOceans

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El NiEl Niññoo

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Earth’s Past & Future Earth’s Past & Future ClimateClimate

Climate modelsClimate models General circulation modelGeneral circulation model

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Earth’s Past ClimateEarth’s Past Climate

PaleoclimatologyPaleoclimatology SedimentSediment Annual tree ringsAnnual tree rings Glacial iceGlacial ice

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Lessons from the PastLessons from the Past

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Consequences of Global Consequences of Global WarmingWarming

Changing weather patterns and biomesChanging weather patterns and biomes Extreme weatherExtreme weather Shifting precipitation patternsShifting precipitation patterns

Melting glacial ice and permafrostMelting glacial ice and permafrost Rising sea levelsRising sea levels Melting sea ice and release of stored Melting sea ice and release of stored

methanemethane Acidification of oceansAcidification of oceans

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MitigationMitigation

ConservationConservation Increase efficiencyIncrease efficiency IncentivesIncentives Decarbonization of energy useDecarbonization of energy use