document1
TRANSCRIPT
COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUANGE LEARNING CONTRIBUTION
TO ENGLISH LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL STUDENTS AT BAMBU APUS NEIGHBOURHOOD
CIPUTAT BANTEN
TERM PAPER
Compiled by: By Ni Putu Ratni (1108066058)
.
MASTER DEGREE OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PROF. DR. HAMKA
2012
ii
PREFACE
Compiler pray as gratitute to The Mighty God because of His blessing so
that the compiling of term paper about Computer Assisted Language Learning
Contribution to English Learning Achievement of Elementary School Students at
Bambu Apus Neighbourhood Ciputat Banten can be completed.
This term paper is a research report in the field of education which carried
by the compiler in order to give an additional knowledge about an advanced
English learning method. The research result out from statistical test that applied
to Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) media against English
Learning Achievement of Elementary School Students to view its contribution.
Compiler aware that there are still alot of shortages in this term paper;
therefore, criticisms and suggestions from everyone for the future improvement
will be needed.
This term paper can not be finished in a good order without any support
and assistance from various parties; therefore, compiler takes this opportunity to
deliver acknowledgements to Mr. Gunawan Suryoputro, the lecturer of Academic
Writing at UNHAMKA who supported and guided the compiler along the
process of research, and to all students who been participated in this research.
Their efforts will benefit society for every generation.
Hopefully this term paper can deliver significant contribution to the world
of education especially to English education.
Banten, 1st June 2012
Compiler
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Halaman
TITLE PAGE i
PREFACE iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
LIST OF TABLES vi
TABLE OF PICTURES vii
TABLE OF ATTACHMENTS viii
ABSTRACT ix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1
A. Background 1
B. Problems Formulation 2
C. The Aim of Study 2
D. The Benefit of Study 2
E. Hypothesis 2
F. Variables 3
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 4
A. Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) 4
B. English Learning Achievement for Elementary Student 4
C. CALL and English Learning Achievement for Elementary Student 5
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 6
A. The Method of Study 6
B. Sources and Population 6
C. Technic of Data Collection 6
D. Instrument 6
E. The Methods of Data Analysis 6
CHAPTER IV THE RESULT OF STUDY 8
A. Data Description 8
B. Hypothesis Examination 9
iv
C. Study Result Discussion 11
CHAPTER V CLOSING 12
A. Conclusion 12
B. Recommendations 12
REFRENCES
ATTACHMENTS
v
LIST OF TABLE
Table Page
IV.1. Raw Data 8
IV.2. Hypothesis Examination Data 9
vi
TABLE OF PICTURES
Picture Page
1. Formula of Product Moment Coefficient Correlation 7
2. Formula of Coefficient Determinant 7
3. Formula of Contribution Amount 7
vii
TABLE OF ATTACHMENT
Attachment Page
1. Hypothesis Examination Utilizes the Formula of Product Moment
Coefficient Correlation 14
2. Table of Product Moment r Scale 16
3. Multiple Choice of Written Test Instrument 17
viii
ABSTRACT
Nowadays educational demands more students' skills development in
English; it is because English is the international language. Even though,
education in Indonesia is still experiencing difficulties to meet these demands,
due to limited facilities, limited professional educator and limited eligibility
environmental for the development of appropriate language learning process.
Therefore, it’s required a learning media that can help to overcome these
limitations. CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) is a computer-based
instructional media which capable to meet these criteria. This study examined the
contribution of CALL to increase students’ achievement of English learning and
to determine the amount of CALL contribution.
Based on Dewey theory that emphasizes learning through
experimentation to be used for solving student’s problems, compiler choose
CALL as a media that provides the opportunity for students to explore the object
of their study and to utilize the knowledge that they gain from it to resolve
problems associated with that object. The compiler implemented CALL
application media to elementary students at Bambu Apus Neighbourhood Ciputat
Banten in English subjects.
Problem Formulations that become the aims of this study are: 1) Has
CALL contribution to increase the English learning achievement of elementary
students at Bambu Apus Neighbourhood Ciputat Banten? 2) How much is the
amount of the contribution?; The hypothesis of this study is nil hypotheses (H0)
which is state that CALL does not has contribution to increase the English
learning achievement of elementary students at Bambu Apus Neighbourhood
Ciputat Banten; The study utilizes experimental method, utilizes instrument
which form as a closed question written objective test in multiple choice type for
data collection tool, and utilizes correlation product moment formula for data
analysis.
The analysis result shows that rh > rt because the achievement of counted
correlation coefficient value (rh) is 0.784 in the other hand the table correlation
coefficient value (rt) with the number N (population) 19 students and the
determination of significant level 5% is 0.514. It means nil hypotheses (H0) is
refused. The result of determinant coefficient (Kd) shows 0.62; therefore, the
amount of contribution is determined as 62%. The conclusion is CALL
significantly has contribution to increase the English learning achievement of
elementary students at Bambu Apus Neighbourhood Ciputat Banten in the
amount of 62%, it means in every one level increment of English learning
achievement is because 62% influence from the implementation of CALL, and
the other 38% is because the influence from other factors beside learning media.
ix
ABSTRAK
Tuntutan pendidikan saat ini semakin banyak menekankan peningkatan
kemampuan siswa dalam berbahasa inggris, hal tersebut disebabkan karena
bahasa inggris merupakan bahasa internasional. Walaupun demikian pendidikan
di Indonesia masih mengalami kendala dalam memenuhi tuntutan tersebut,
dikarenakan terbatasnya fasilitas tenaga pendidik dan lingkungan yang layak
bagi pengembangan proses pembelajaran bahasa tersebut. Untuk itu diperlukan
suatu media pembelajaran yang dapat membantu mengatasi keterbatasan
tersebut. CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) adalah salah satu media
pembelajaran berbasis computer yang dapat memenuhi kriteria tersebut.
Penelitian ini menguji kontribusi CALL terhadap peningkatan prestasi belajar
bahasa inggris siswa dan menentukan besaran kontribusi CALL.
Berlandaskan pada teori Dewey yang menekankan pada pembelajaran
melalui eksperimen untuk digunakan dalam pemecahan masalah yang dialami
oleh siswa, maka penyusun memilih CALL sebagai media yang memberikan
kesempatan kepada siswa untuk mengeksplorasi objek yang dipelajarinya dan
menggunakan pengetahuan yang diperoleh dari ekplorasi tersebut untuk
menyelesaikan masalah terkait dengan objek. Aplikasi media CALL diterapkan
pada siswa sekolah dasar di Lingkungan Bambu Apus Ciputat-Banten untuk
mata pelajaran bahasa inggris.
Rumusan masalah yang ingin diketahui jawabannya sebagai tujuan
penelitian ini adalah: 1) Apakah CALL memiliki kontribusi terhadap peningkatan
prestasi belajar bahasa inggris siswa sekolah dasar di Lingkungan Bambu Apus
Ciputat-Banten?; 2) Seberapa besar kontribusinya? Hipotesis yang diuji adalah
hipotesis nihil (H0) yang menyatakan bahwa CALL tidak memiliki kontribusi
terhadap peningkatan prestasi belajar bahasa inggris siswa sekolah dasar di
Lingkungan Bambu Apus Ciputat-Banten; Metode penelitian yang digunakan
adalah metode eksperimen, alat pengumpulan data adalah instrumen pertanyaan
tertutup berbentuk tes tulis obyektif tipe pilihan ganda dan analisis data korelasi
product moment.
Hasil analisis data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rh > rt karena nilai
koefisien korelasi hitung (rh) yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 0,784 sedangkan
nilai koefisien korelasi tabel (rt) dengan jumlah N (populasi) sebesar 19 orang
dan penetapan taraf signifikan sebesar 5 % adalah 0,514. Dengan demikian
hipotesis nihil (H0) ditolak. Hasil penghitungan koefisien determinasi (Kd)
menunjukkan nilai sebesar 0,62 sehingga besar kontribusi ditetapkan sebesar
62%. Simpulan yang dapat ditarik di akhir penelitian ini CALL memiliki
kontribusi terhadap peningkatan prestasi belajar bahasa inggris siswa sekolah
dasar di Lingkungan Bambu Apus Ciputat-Banten sebesar 62%, artinya setiap
sekali kenaikan prestasi belajar bahasa inggris yang diperoleh merupakan
pengaruh sebesar 62 % dari penerapan CALL, sedangkan 38% sisanya adalah
pengaruh (kontribusi) faktor-faktor selain media pembelajaran.
Kata kunci: CALL, media pembelajaran, prestasi belajar bahasa inggris.
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
The success of a learning process relies on the ability of teachers to
choose an appropriate strategy in the learning process. Learning strategy contains
some aspects such as: teaching methods, classroom management, and learning
media. All of these are basically intend to attract the interest and concentration of
students to learning activities so that the goal of learning itself can be achieved
easily.
Determination of learning strategy require teachers' foresight in assessing
classroom atmosphere and classroom conditions correctly, so the strategy will
make it easier to deliver a concept to the students. We can give an example, if a
teacher wants to make students understand about organs of frog, then he should
provide laboratory atmosphere using experimental surgery as a learning method
and frog’s body as the media, so the aim of learning can be achieved as expected.
Learning media is one important aspect of learning strategy and needed to
meet the demands of education especially in Indonesia nowadays that is students'
skills increment in English education because English is the international
language. Cheap but effective media is required because there is difficulty of
students to meet these demands due to lack of facilities, professional educators,
and a decent environment for the application of English learning.
John Dewey (1859-1952) believed that knowledge can achieved through
experiments and the results can be used to solve the problems in this life. He said
that knowledge will continue to change according to the needs of the era. His
theory emphazises “…knowledge was not an inert body of information. It was,
rather, an instrument to solve problem…” (Ornstein & Levine, 1985). Based on
this theory is attempted a media that can provide opportunitiy for students to
explore knowledge in a way that is easier and still it is in accordance with the
current technology development so that he can solve problems associated with
that knowledge. Therefore, in this study is implemented CALL to elementary
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students as a computer-based learning media which is classified as cheap and
effective media in order to see its contribution to improving their English
language learning achievement.
B. Problem Formulations
This study is focused on two problem formulations those are:
1. Has CALL contribution to increase the English learning achievement of
elementary students at Bambu Apus Neighbourhood Ciputat Banten?
2. How much is the amount of the contribution?
C. The Aim of Study
The aims of this study are:
1. In order to see the possibility of CALL contribution to increase the
English learning achievement of elementary students at Bambu Apus
Neighbourhood Ciputat Banten.
2. In order to determine the amount of the contribution.
D. The Benefit of Study
This study has two benefits, those are:
1. Provide important knowledge for English teacher in order to design the
appropriate learning strategy.
2. Provide the result for utilized in English learning process in order to
increase the students’ English competency.
E. Hypothesis
The Hypothesis of this study is Null hyphotesis (H0) which is state that
CALL does not has contribution to increase the English learning achievement of
elementary students at Bambu Apus Neighbourhood Ciputat Banten.
3
F. Variables
This study has two variables, those are:
1. CALL media as independent variable.
2. Students English Learning Achievement as dependent variable.
4
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review is an activity to search the references which contain
theories and concepts from previous research to be utilized as the basis study of
the focus variables. Literature sources can be grouped into two, namely 1)
General sources for example books; and 2) Particular sources for example term
paper (Marzuki, 2005). The literature review in this chapter will be about
Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL), about English Learning
Achievement for Elementary Student, and about CALL and English Learning
Achievement for Elementary Student.
A. Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL)
Hartoyo (2012) explained in his book that CALL is a learning process
with computer help so between students and computer will be there interaction.
CALL gives freedom to students to choose topics or information and even to
solve the problems themselves (p.59).
CALL learning media that utilizes in this study is formed as a play and
learning software for English learning. It is made to make elementary students
interest on it. English subject material that use in the game is about occupation
vocabulary. The appearance of the program is full colour, nice cartoon picture,
and happily music so that the students can feel comfortable and enjoy in learning
the subject.
The most important of all is the student easy to understand about how to
use the program so they have no dificulty to follow the subject that given to them
through CALL.
B. English Learning Achievement for Elementary Student
Study of foreign language is not an easy thing to do especially for
elementary students. Therefore, a teacher has to be aware about children
5
psychology development because there are deferences abilities in every level of
age.
When the students arrive at the age of 9 to 13 years, their developments
come to the direction of think critical, desire to compete against each other, and
to show their special interest and talent (Pidarta, 2000). In order to manage
teaching English in this age of students, teacher can facilitate them with an
experimental learning method and media so they can do their own study about
English subject and compete in positive way with their friend.
C. CALL and English Learning Achievement for Elementary Student
CALL is an interesting learning media for elementary students because
through this media teacher can provide English subject without makes students
bore or scare to it. According to the age of elementary students, CALL program
can give them a chance to develop their knowledge and to solve the subject
problem in a fun way.
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. The Method of Study
This study utilizes experimental method. The experiment is imposed to
student English learning achievement by utilize CALL media to teach English
subject for elementary student. The report of study forms in argumentative way in
order to give positive influence to the reader.
B. Sources and Population
This study has primary data that came from the first hand or directly from
the source, in this case is from the subject of study. The subject of study is the
population of elementary student at Bambu Apus Neighbourhood Ciputat Banten,
and the amount of them is 19 students.
C. Technic of Data Collection
This study utilizes writen test as the technic of data collection. The test is
given twice to the same population. First test is given before the experiment and
the result determined as pre test (X), and second test is given after the experiment
and the result determined as post test (Y).
D. Instrumen
The test instrument of this study forms as a closed question written
objective test in multiple choices. The items of it contain the subject materials of
English which is learned by students through CALL.
E. The Methods of Data Analysis
This study utilizes correlation product moment formula for data analysis
in order to find out the independent variable contribution to dependent variable.
The analysis process of this study performed sequentially, start from calculating
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the correlation coefficient of product moment, and then calculating of
determinant coefficient, and the last is calculating the contribution amount of
independet variable.
The formulas that used as analysis method are:
1. Formula of Product Moment Coefficient Correlation
∑ xy
r x y =
(∑x2 ) (∑y
2 )
gb. 3 rumus koefisien korelasi
product moment
Keterangan
r x y
xy
x2
y2
:
:
:
:
:
Koefisien korelasi antara pra tes dan post tes
hasil perkalian nilai x dengan y
kuadrat dari nilai x
kuadrat dari nilai y (Hadi, 2000)
2. Formula of Coefficient Determinant (KD)
KD = (r x y)2
gb. 4 rumus koefisien determinan (Supranto, 1989)
4. Formula of Contribution Amount
Besar Kontribusi = KD X 100 %
gb. 5 rumus besar kontribusi (Marzuki, 2005)
The calculation of data analysis in in the attachment 1.
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CHAPTER IV
THE RESULT OF STUDY
A. Data Description
The data from this research process is quantitative and form as values of
pre test and post test which applied to elementary students at Bambu Apus
Neighbourhood Ciputat Banten. The values represent of the students English
learning achievement in cognitive field.
The data from that field research is still raw and it is tabulated in order to
simplify the examination. The data tabulation result is below:
TABLE IV.1
RAW DATA
Num.
Subject of Research
Pre Test
(X)
Post test
(Y)
1. I G. Adi Cipta Wibawa 70.00 97.50
2. I Wy. Rainbow 43.75 91.25
3. Putu Gita Rahayu 60.00 97.50
4. Ida Wy. Adi Pratama W. 62.50 98.75
5. Relent Gita Ananda 55.00 80.00
6. A.A. Gde Krishna Aryawan 70.00 96.25
7 Putu Ananda Pradnya W. 50.00 71.25
8. Putu Viola Kanno 36.25 82.50
9. I Gst. B. Tanaya Kasabhara 46.25 87.50
10. I Made Candra Wida A. 52.50 71.25
11. Ida Ayu Merlyn Ardhia P. 72.50 90.00
12. Pande Made Adjie Laksmana 55.00 77.50
13. I Kt. Suryawidiyantara 35.00 61.25
(continued)
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Num.
Subject of Research
Pre Test
(X)
Post test
(Y)
14. I Gst. A. Premananda 35.00 71.25
15. Rukmanggana Satya P. 60.00 87.50
16. I Gede Mahawiyarta P.B.P 36.25 76.25
17. I Komang Darmawan Putra 31.25 63.75
18. Ida B. Indra Dwi Wibawa 17.50 56.25
19. I Kadek D. Arya Divananda 51.25 95.00
B. Hypothesis Examination
The values of X dan Y are tabulated as the table below:
TABLE IV.2
HYPOTHESIS EXAMINATION DATA
Num.
Value
X - Mx
(x)
Y - My
(y)
x2
y2
x . y
X Y
1. 70.00 97.50 20.53 15.79 421.48 249.32 324.17
2. 43.75 91.25 - 5.72 9.54 32.72 91.01 - 54.57
3. 60.00 97.50 10.53 15.79 110.88 249.32 166.27
4. 62.50 98.75 13.03 17.04 169.78 290.36 222.03
5. 55.00 80.00 5.53 - 1.71 30.58 2.92 - 9.46
6. 70.00 96.25 20.53 14.54 421.48 211.41 298.51
7. 50.00 71.25 0.53 - 10.46 0.28 109.41 - 5.54
8. 36.25 82.50 - 13.22 0.79 174.77 0.62 - 10.44
9. 46.25 87.50 - 3.22 5.79 10.37 33.52 - 18.64
10. 52.50 71.25 3.03 - 10.46 9.18 109.41 - 31.69
11. 72.50 90.00 23.03 8.29 530.38 68.72 190.92
(continued)
10
Num.
Value
X - Mx
(x)
Y - My
(y)
x2
y2
x . y
X Y
12. 55.00 77.50 5.53 - 4.21 30.58 17.72 - 23.28
13. 35.00 61.25 - 14.47 - 20.40 209.38 416.16 295.19
14. 35.00 71.25 - 14.47 - 10.46 209.38 109.41 151.36
15. 60.00 87.50 10.53 5.79 110.88 33.52 60.97
16. 36.25 76.25 - 13.22 - 5.46 174.77 29.81 72.18
17. 31.25 63.75 - 18.22 - 17.96 331.97 322.56 327.23
18. 17.50 56.25 - 31.97 - 25.46 1,022.08 648.21 813.96
19. 51.25 95.00 1.78 13.29 3.71 176.62 23.66
∑
940.00
1,552.50
0
0
4,004.11
3.170.03
2.792.83
Hypothesis examination process is formulated in attachment ….. .
Correlation coefficient between pre test and post test after the examination is
found out in the scale of 0.784. That coefficient is higher than correlation
coefficient table in the significant level of 5% (attachment …) so it can be states
that CALL significantly has contribution to increase the English learning
achievement of elementary students at Bambu Apus Neighbourhood Ciputat
Banten. That statement refuse the null hypothesis (H0) which states that CALL
does not has contribution to increase the English learning achievement of
elementary students at Bambu Apus Neighbourhood Ciputat Banten.
The examination of contribution amount utilizes coefficient determinant
formula which is multiplied with 100%. The result from that calculation shows
that Calls’ contribution to increase the English learning achievement of
elementary students at Bambu Apus Neighbourhood Ciputat Banten in the
amount of 62%.
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C. Study Result Discussion
The result of this study shows that CALL contributes to increase the
English learning achievement of elementary students at Bambu Apus
Neighbourhood Ciputat Banten. The fact shows agreement to Dewey Theory
which emphasize that the students need to experience knowledge by themselves
in order to increase their understanding of the subject material and to increase
their ability in solving problems.
The 62% of contribution amount is a quantitative description which
emphasize that CALL media give good contribution to the English learning
achievement of elementary students. 62% is an effect level which still can be
increased through updating CALL program.
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CHAPTER V
CLOSING
A. Conclusion
Coefficient correlation between pre test and post test is known base on
data analysis of this study, and it is in the scale of 0.784. This coefficient
correlation is higher than table coefficient correlation which shows scale of 0.514
in 5% level significant or in the 95% level of trust, so it can be concluded that
Computer Assignment Language Learning (CALL) contributes significantly to
increase the English learning achievement of elementary students at Bambu Apus
Neighbourhood Ciputat Banten.
0.62 determinant coefficient that achieved in this study shows that CALL
has contribution to increase the English learning achievement of elementary
students at Bambu Apus Neighbourhood Ciputat Banten in the amount of 62%; it
means in every one level increment of English learning achievement is because
62% influence from the implementation of CALL, and the other 38% is because
the influence from other factors beside learning media.
B. Recommendations
There are some recommendations that compiler need to deliver, those are:
1) Programmers should increase the quality of every CALL program, so it can be
more efficient to help student in learning all of English subject material; 2)
Teachers should implemented CALL to their students especially for English
subject materials; and 3) Education institution need to provide all the need for
CALL implementation.
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REFRENCES
Hadi, S. (2000). Statistik. Yogyakarta: Andi.
Hartoyo, M. P. (2012). Teknologi Informasi & Komunikasi (TIK) dalam
Pembelajaran Bahasa. Semarang: Pelita Insani.
Marzuki. (2005). Metodologi Riset. Yogyakarta: Ekonesia.
Ornstein, A. C., & Levine, D. U. (1985). An Introduction to The Foundations of
Education. usa: Houghton Mifflin.
Pidarta, M. (2000). Landasan Kependidikan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.