GERUNDSHAZIRLAYAN: EYDA ERDURANNO: 1090610154

GERUNDS AS SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE a) Gerund bir cmlenin yada yan cmlenin znesi olarak kullanlabilir.b) Bir cmlenin znesi gerund ise yklem tekil bir fiilden oluur.Ancak,iki gerund and ile balysa oul fiilden oluur.c) ki gerund but yada or ile balysa yine tekil fiil alr.d) Gerund olumsuz yapmak iin bana not getirilir.

Example:Swimming is my favourite sport.Reading and swimming my favourite sports.Not speaking is sometimes relax people.

GERUND AS SUBJECT COMPLEMENTBir gerund fiilden sonra zneyi tanmlayan szck grubu olabilir.The main quality needed in his job is being polite all the time.

GERUND AS DIRECT OBJECTa) Baz fiiller, kendilerinden sonra gelen fiili biiminde gerund eklinde alabilir.I enjoy walking by the sea very muchYou can go out when you finished doing your homework.

Bu ekilde yaygn olarak kullanlan eylemler unlardr:AdmitAnticipateAppreciateAvoidCant helpCant standCompleteDelayDenyDetestPractiseRecallRecollectRememberResentResistUnderstand

DislikeEnjoyExcuseFinishKeepMeanMentionMindMissPostponeRiskStopSuggest

Example:I appreciate being with friends.He avoided looking at me.I dont recall meeting you before.

The possessive + GerundBir gerund un nnde iyelik sfat kullanlr.I admit being guilty.

GERUND AS TEHE OBJECT OF A PREPOSITIONBir preposition dan sonra isim gelir. Bu nedenle bir preposition dan sonra gelen fiil gerund biimindedir.I am interested in watching television.

Preposition to alan yaplar

Object toBe accustomed toBe used toLook forward toBe opposed toIn addition to

Example:

I prefer tennis to basketball.I prefer playing tennis to playing basketball.

Preposition+ Gerund Abstain fromApprove ofArgued ofCare aboutComment onComplains aboutConcentrate onObject toParticipate inPlan onThinking about

Apologized forConsist ofDeal withDecided againstDepends onDreamed ofFeel likeForget aboutReferred toAdvantage ofTalked about

Verb+ object +preposition +gerundAccused the man of robbingApologized to me for being lateArrested the guard for helpingBlamed her for makingComplained the owner about hasslingCongratulated him on beingDeterred the climbers from goingDevoted herself to bring inDiscouraged her from enteringForgive him for lyingKept me from studyingPrevented him from leavingPunish him for stealingStopped me from makingSuspected him of betraying

Example:

Dont worry about my working so hard.I was warned against smoking so hardly.I am blamed by the customers for delaying orders.

Adjective +preposition+ gerunda) Pek ok sfat bir preposition ile birlikte kullanlabilir ve bu preposition dan sonra bir isim yada gerund gelir.Sfatlarla cmle kurarken yaygn olarak kullanabileceimiz filler unlardr: be, seem, appear, remain, look, become, get, feel .

b) Bu ekilde yaygn kullanlan sfatlar unlardr:Be accustomed toAfraid ofAngry atAppropriate forAshamed ofAware ofBored withCapable ofConcerned aboutContent withDelight atDifferent fromEssential toExcellent atExcited aboutExposed tofamous forSuitable forSure ofWorried about

Fed up withFond ofGood atFeel guilty forBe guilty ofKeen onLazy aboutOpposed toProud ofResponsible forSimilar toSorry aboutTerrified ofTired fromUsed toHappy about

Your younger son seems very good at drawing.Are you interested in taking photographs?You are certainly capable of doing much better work.

c) Tired of bir eyden bkmak sklmak anlamna gelir tired from yorulmak anlamnda kullanlr.I am tired of waiting for you.I am tired from writing.

d) Good at kullanmna benzer ekilde bad at, hopeless gibi szcklerini de kullanabiliriz.She is quick at writing compositions in English.

e) Used to gemiteki alkanlklar ifade ettiimiz used to kalb arsndaki ayrma dikkat edilmeli.I used to smoke when I was 20 years oldI am used to drinking water as soon as I get up early.

Noun+ preposition+ gerundBaz isimler kendilerinden sonra bir preposition+ gerund yapsyla kullanlabilir.

Bu ekilde yaygn olarak kullanlan yaplar unlardr:On account ofIn case ofDifficulty inIn charge ofIn danger ofIn exchange forFor fear ofIn spite ofTechnique forThe point of

In the habit ofIn return forInstead ofInterested inIn the course ofIn the middle ofNeed forReason forFor the sake of

EXPRESSIONS+GERUNDIt is no use There is no point inIt is worthA wast e of money/ timeWithout doing By doingBusy doingHave a good time doingSit/ stand + gerund

Baz fiiller hem gerund hem infinitive alabilir.

Bu fiiller unlardr:Stop vazgemek brakmak anlamndaysa gerund gelir.Try denemek anlamndaysa gerund gelir.Go on devam etmek anlamndaysa gerund gelir.Remember hatrlamak anlamndaysa gerund gelir.

Forget hatrlanmas gereken bir eyi unutmak anlamndaysa gerund alr.Afraid sadece korkma duygusunu anlattnda of ve gerund alr.Mean anlamna gelmek anlamndaysa gerund alr.Propose teklif etmek anlamndaysa gerund alr.

Like hate prefer love yalnz kullanldnda gerund alr. Care umursamak anlamnda gerund alr.Advise allow permit ilgili ahslarla bahsedilmise gerund alr.

Baz fiiller hem gerund hem infinitive alr anlam fark olmaz.BeginStartContinueAttemptIntend

Verbs followed by a gerund or Infinitive :Need RequireWant

Example:The car needs washing.The car needs to be washed.I need to iron my shirt.My shirt needs to be ironed.

THE PERFECT GERUNDYklem ile gerund gerekletirdikleri zaman asndan karlatrdmzda eer gerund nce gereklemi ise , simple gerund yerine perfect gerund kullanabiliriz.

Example:I appreciated your having helped me.The headmaster denied having hit the child. The thief admitted having stolen the money.

THE PASSIVE GERUND

Passive in temel kural be+ past participle olduu iin kendinden sonra gerund alan fiiller,passive yapy being done biiminde alrlar.

Example:I appreciated being invited to the party.I dont enjoy being asked personal questions.I dont recall being informed about the case.