15

16

INTERACTIONS

INTERACTIONS

17 18

INTERACTIONS

11

12

INTERACTIONS

13

14

INTERACTIONS

19

20

INTERACTIONS

INTERACTIONS

INTERACTIONS

INTERACTIONS

INTERACTIONS

21

INTERACTIONS

23

INTERACTIONS

INTERACTIONS

24

INTERACTIONS

COMPETITION(Chapter 13)

2Blenny

1

INTERFERENCE COMPETITION

3

INTERFERENCE COMPETITION

12

COMPETITION:INTRASPECIFIC VERSUS INTERSPECIFIC

9

TRENCHED UNTRENCHED

7

78

5 6

TRENCHED UNTRENCHED

RESOURCE LIMITATION(EXPLOITIVE COMPETION)

9

13

Intraspecific Competition: Consequences

Leafhopper

Fig. 13.6 in Molles 2006

Number of Leafhoppers (per cage)

Number of Leafhoppers (per cage)

Fig. 13.6 in Molles 2006

10

Alfalfa

11

12

INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION: CONSEQUENCES

Fig. 13-5 in Molles 2006

19

INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION

NICHE: All environmental factors that influence growth, survival, and reproduction of a

species

Giant Kelp(Macrocystis)

15

Nutrients

Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche(One Axis)

Niche Breadth

Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche(Two Axes)

Nutrients

Oxy

genNiche Breadth 1

Nich

e Bread

th 2

Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche(Three Axes)

Nutrients

Temper

ature

Oxy

gen

15

Giant Kelp Niche:Other Environmental

Factors?

•

•

•

•

N – Dimensional Hypervolume: Hypothetical Space that Represents ALL N Environmental Factors that Influence Growth, Survival and Reproduction

Range of environmental conditions in which a given species can live in the absence of interactions with other species

FUNDAMENTAL NICHE

Giant Kelp(Macrocystis)

Bull Kelp(Nereocystis) 1615

Effect of Interactions with Other Species

NICHE

NICHE OVERLAP

Fundamental Niche of Giant Kelp, Bull Kelp in One Dimension

Res

ourc

e U

tili

zati

onR

esou

rce

Uti

liza

tion

Range of environmental conditions in which a given species can live in the presence of interactions with other species

REALIZED NICHER

esou

rce

Uti

liza

tion

Fundamental and Realized Niche of Chthalamus

Two Species with Same or Very Similar Niche:

Is Coexistence Possible?R

esou

rce

Uti

liza

tion

Competitive Exclusion Principle:

Two Species with Identical Niches

CAN NOT Coexist Indefinitely

1 http://chemistry.csudh.edu/faculty/jim/cozumelaug06small/blenny3.jpg

2 http://jc-research.com/jim/diving-album/images/blenny-coral.jpg

3 http://curiousgeorgecottage.org/wp-content/images/seasm.jpg

4 http://www.picturepawfect.com/Sailing/P0003238.jpg

6 http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/lewisandclark/ images/ponderosa_pine_oregon_charlie_ott.jpg

5 http://www.nau.edu/~cline/speccoll/exhibits/fires/images/treecontrast3.jpg

7 http://www.treedictionary.com/DICT2003/IMAGES/ROOTS% 20DEEP%20TX%20PINE.jpg

8 http://www.ehow.com/images/ehows/steps/edgewwood_1L.jpg

9 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/centraloregon/forestry/images/ Old-GrowthPonderosaPine.jpg

10 http://www.kalyx.com/store/images/medicagosativa3.jpg

11 http://www.fotosearch.com/comp/PHT/PHT365/PAA365000001.jpg

12 http://www.kerrysgarden.us/img/2006/echinacea-seedlings.jpg

13 http://www.microscope-microscope.org/gallery/Kenn/More3/ Leafhopper%20(new)2.jpg

14 http://www.surialink.com/HANDBOOK/Genera/image_browns/macrocystis_ pics/Macrocystis_300.jpg

15 http://elementy.ru/images/news/kelp_macrocystis_pyrifera_300.jpg

16 http://www.westnurc.uaf.edu/anagisa/pics/nereo2.JPG

17 http://www.hsu.edu/content.aspx?id=5515

18 http://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/Blue%20Purple%20Enlarged% 20Photos/2mesa.jpg

19 http://www.shootingstarnativeseed.com/Matt%20Weeding.jpg