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    LECTURES BY PROF. VIJAY GUPTA

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    Introduction to OrthographicProjections

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    Introduction to OrthographicProjections

    http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/Engg_Graphics.mpghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/Engg_Graphics.mpghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/Engg_Graphics.mpghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/Engg_Graphics.mpg

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    Object

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    Viewing

    Direction

    PicturePlane

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    Viewing

    Direction

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    Viewing

    Direction

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    View

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    The relationship on plane paper of the various views in III angle

    TOP

    LEFT FRONT RIGHT

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    View

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    The relationship on plane paper of the various views in I angle

    TopView

    FrontView LeftViewRightView

    View

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    rinciples of Multi-View Drawings

    1. The Front and the Top views are aligned vertically.

    2. The Front and the Side views are aligned horizontally.

    3. The front of the object in the top view faces the front view.4. The front of the object in the side view faces the front view.

    5. The depth of top view is the same as the depth of side view.

    6. The width of top view is same as the width of front view.

    7. The height of side view is same as height of front view .

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    Drawing three views in IIIangle

    FRONT

    TOP

    RIGHT

    FRONT

    TOP

    RIGHT

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    Drawing three views in IIIangle

    ?

    FRONT

    TOP

    RIGHT

    FRONT

    TOP

    RIGHT

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    11

    8

    8FRONT

    TOPLEFT

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    FRONT

    TOP

    LEFT

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    Edge on

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    Hidden Features

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    Hidden FeaturesShown by dashed lines

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    Hidden FeaturesShown by dashed lines

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    Dashed lines _ _ _ _ _ _ _

    Centreline

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    11

    8

    8

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    ?

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    ?

    ?

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    Lines and Areas

    Projections of lines and areas Meaning of lines and areas in

    orthographic projections

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    Projection of Lines

    A

    B

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    A line may have a point as its projection

    A line may be projected in its true length A line may be fore-shortened

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    Projection of Lines

    A

    B True length

    Foreshortened

    Foreshortened

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    Reading Areas A plane surface will always appear in a

    principal view as a line or an area

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    Reading Areas

    An plane surface that appears as a line in oneview is normal to that view. It may or may notappear its true shape in the other views.

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    Reading Areas

    An plane surface that appears as a line in twoof the principal views appears as a true shape inthe third view.

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    Reading Areas

    A plane surface that appears as an area in two of the principal views cannot be in true shape in anyview.

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    Reading Areas

    A plane surface that appears as an area in two of the principal views cannot be in true shape in anyview.

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    Reading Areas

    A plane surface that appears as an area in two of the principal views cannot be in true shape in anyview.

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    Reading Areas

    Any view that shows a plane surface as areashows it in a like shape

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    Reading Areas

    Any view that shows a plane surface as areashows it in a like shape

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    Reading Areas

    http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/MEC103/GBOXW95.EXEhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/MEC103/GBOXW95.EXE

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    Meaning of Lines

    in OrthographicViews

    An edge view of a surface

    An intersection of two surfaces

    A surface limit - reversal of direction of a curved surface

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    Meaning of Linesin OrthographicViews

    Intersection

    Surface limit

    edge view

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    Another Example

    Meaning of Linesin OrthographicViews

    Intersection

    Surface limit

    Edge view

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    1. A surface in true shape

    2. A foreshortened surface3. A smoothly curved surface

    4. A combination of tangentsurfaces

    Meaning of Areas in

    Orthographic Views

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    Surface in True shape Foreshortened Surface

    B B

    B

    Meaning of Areas inOrthographic Views

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    Curved Surface

    C

    C

    C

    Tangent Surfaces

    D

    D

    D

    Meaning of Areas in

    Orthographic Views

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    Reading Areas

    Oblique surfacesappear as areas of like shape in all views

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    Adjacent Areas lie indifferent planes. If twoareas were in the same

    plane, there will not beany boundary between thetwo.

    Reading Areas


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