1450-1750. early russia muscovy russia territorial shift: kievan & novgorod roots to moscow as...
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1450-1750
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Early RussiaEarly Russia
Muscovy RussiaMuscovy Russia
Territorial Shift:Kievan & Novgorod Roots to Moscow as center of power
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Ivan the Great Ivan the Great (r. 1462-1505)(r. 1462-1505)
Ivan III Tearing the Great Khan’s Letter Ivan III Tearing the Great Khan’s Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480.Requesting More Tribute in 1480.
RURIK DYNASTY
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Russian Russian BoyarsBoyars
Duma ManorsAgrarianFeudal
ObligationsNo affiliation with Rome, but like Europe…
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Early Byzantine Early Byzantine Influences:Influences:Orthodox ChristianityOrthodox Christianity
• Russian Orthodox Church
• Separated from Constantinople
• Greek Influences
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Russia in the Late 1500sRussia in the Late 1500s
Ivan IV: The Terrible•Expansion•Repress Western Influences•Cultural- Eastern
Dress, mathematics, gender
•Eastern View Trade, settlement
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Time of Troubles (1604-1613)
Civil WarMichael Romanov elected
1667: Stephen Razin Rebellion
Internal Church Difficulties
Michael Romanov Michael Romanov (r. 1613-1645)(r. 1613-1645)
•Expanding territories•Mobile Society •“Plantation” economy• Centralization
of Serfdom
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SimilarCoercive labor, agricultural production,
subject to will of noble classes, movement restricted, limited resources (standard of living), hereditary status
DifferentThe “other” – race v common ethnicity/religionFamilial recognition – chattel slavery v familial
plotsAutonomy: Communal v individual – degree of
management Impact on…Nobles
Dependency
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Peter the Great Peter the Great (r. 1682-(r. 1682-1725) 1725)
Enter….the
reformer
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Modern MilitaryStreltsy UprisingSettled internal conflictsNorthern War 1700-1721
St Petersburg “Window to the West” Winter PalaceDirectional Shift Again
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Russia & Sweden After the Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern WarGreat Northern War
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St Petersburg- Winter Palace
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Political & Economic Changes Autocratic Tsar & Bureaucracy
State built to support militaryHoly Synod (Church as bureau of state)
Russian MercantilismHigher taxes, Impressments of Management & Labor, encouraged exports, Baltic fleet, commercial companies provided with government subsidies
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“The economic system rested largely on impressment of both management and labor, not on private profit and wages as the increasingly capitalist West. In this way Peter’s efforts to force Russia to a European level of material productivity widened the gap between Russia and western Europe.”
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Social & Cultural Revolution
State Service key to status, not birth right Education: simplification of the Cyrillic alphabet, Western scholars, scientists, engineers
Cultural changes re: etiquette, dress
Gov’t aggressively secular
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Autocracy & BureaucracySerfdom/Exploited Peasantry
Resentment of Foreigners Europeanized upper classEnd of Isolation from European-
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The Pendulum The Pendulum of Russian Historyof Russian History
Pro-WestPro-WestFor Progress & ChangeFor Progress & ChangeEncourage New Ideas,Encourage New Ideas,
Technologies, etc.Technologies, etc.
Anti-WestAnti-WestIsolationistIsolationistXenophobicXenophobic
Ultra-ConservativeUltra-Conservative
Most TsarsMost Tsars
Russian Russian Orthodox Orthodox ChurchChurch
MilitaryMilitary
BoyarsBoyars
peasantspeasants
A few TsarsA few Tsars
Intellectual elitesIntellectual elites
Merchants/Merchants/businessmenbusinessmen
Young members of the Young members of the middle class.middle class.
REFORM-MINDEDREFORM-MINDEDLEADERLEADER DEMAGOGUEDEMAGOGUE