14437408 workflow training material

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© Copyright IBM Corporation 2003

SAP Business Wor!lo"



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Course Content

Intro#uctionIntro#uction

Wor!lo" architectureWor!lo" architecture

Wor!lo" $e!inition an# "or!lo" %e&plateWor!lo" $e!inition an# "or!lo" %e&plate

Wor!lo" steps in #etailsWor!lo" steps in #etails

%as%as

Business 'b(ects an# Metho#sBusiness 'b(ects an# Metho#s

Container Structure an# Container Progra&&ingContainer Structure an# Container Progra&&ing

)vents)vents 'rganisational structure an# role resolution'rganisational structure an# role resolution

$i!!erent types o! Agent$i!!erent types o! Agent

Wor!lo" an# A*)Wor!lo" an# A*)



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SAP Business Workflow

SAP Business Wor!lo"+ is a cross-application tool that &aes it possible

to integrate business tasks/processes bet"een applications,

%his tool "as intro#uce# in -.3 -elease 3,0A/ an# receive# a substantial!aceli!t in the )n(oy -elease/ ,1A/"hich "arrante# the ne" na&e Wor!lo"

Buil#er,



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Need of Workflow

Hmm ! Time to put in aHmm ! Time to put in apurchase requisitionpurchase requisitionrequestrequest

11

33

I guess I’d better sendI guess I’d better sendof some inter-oceof some inter-ocemail to ask themail to ask theapprovers to approveapprovers to approve

m requisitionm requisition

"" I #onder #hoI #onder #hoapproves buingapproves buingthis stuf$this stuf$

%%

Time drags on Time drags on &ean#hile' in&ean#hile' in&r &anager’s oce &r &anager’s oce (()hat shall I do ne*t$+)hat shall I do ne*t$+

,,

TIME ISTIME IS

MONEY!!!MONEY!!!



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Drawbacks

Inefficiency.

)ach lacks a way to trace "here a tas is,

Wo e!ecuted or is eecuting it,

o" &uch ti"e it re#uired,



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Wy SAP Workflow

Wor!lo" ensures that the right "or is sent to the right person at the

right ti&e in the right se4uence "ith the right in!or&ation,

%ool !or the auto&i5ation o! business processes

6ot tie# up to any paricular application 'perates uni!or&ly accross applications

Coor#inate all participating tass

Provi#e users "ith acti$e support

Intelligent routing



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SAP Business Workflow

Arcitecture



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Workflow Arcitecture

OrganisationalLevel

OrganisationalLevel

Process LevelProcess Level

Business

ObjectLevel

Business

ObjectLevel



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Workflow Definition



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Workflow Definition

Wor!lo" #e!inition consists o!

7, Basic $ata

2, In!or&ation about triggering events

3, Initial 8alues

, Containers

9, Bin#ings

A "or!lo" #e!inition #escribes the "or!lo" process



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Workflow Builder

%he "or!lo" #e!inition is create# in the Wor!lo" Buil#er an# #isplaye# graphically in a net"or,

%ransaction& SW$$

'enu Pat&

%ools Business Wor!lo" $evelop&ent $e!inition tools Wor!lo" Buil#er,



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Workflow Definition - Steps

A "or!lo" #e!inition is &a#e up o! in#ivi#ual &o#ular steps,



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(!a"ple& Workflow Definition



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)ow are Workflows Created in a Syste"

Within "or!lo" te&plates/ there is a ey "ith the !ollo"ing structure:

; A WS tas abbreviation !or the "or!lo" te&plate

; An <;#igit se4uence nu&ber

=ro& the structure o! the <;#igit nu&ber/ the syste& no"s "hether the

te&plate is a stan#ar# te&plate #elivere# by SAP or one create# by the

custo&er,

Custo&er;#e!ine# te&plates start "ith the pre!i nu&ber that "as #e!ine# in

Custo&i5ing !or the syste& an# client,



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Workin* wit Workflow



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Workflow Desi*n



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)ow workflow *ets e!ecuted



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Workflow %oolbo! - SW+S

%ransaction&%ransaction& SW>S,SW>S,

'enu Pat&'enu Pat& %ools ;? Business Wor!lo" ;? $evelop&ent ;? -unti&e %ools;? Start%ools ;? Business Wor!lo" ;? $evelop&ent ;? -unti&e %ools;? Start

Wor!lo" @%est )nviron&ent,Wor!lo" @%est )nviron&ent,



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Workflow Steps



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Workflow definition steps

Wor!lo" #e!inition is &a#e up o! in#ivi#ual steps, When creating a step in a

"or!lo" #e!inition/ the step type &ust be speci!ie# !irst,

%here are 7, Steps "hich re!er to business acti$ities @activities user #ecision

2, Steps "hich are use# !or internal process control an# &onitoring

@con#ition/ &ultiple con#ition/ loop/ etc



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Business Acti$ities Steps

Acti$ity

- Can be a single step tas "ith basic business !unctionality

- Can be a &ulti;step tas/ "hich re!erence to a "or!lo" #e!inition

+ser Decision

- %his provi#es an opportunity !or user interaction "ith the syste&,

- %he response to this #eci#es the selection o! the subse4uent step,

Docu"ent fro" te"plate

- PA #ocu&ent is create# !ro& a #ocu&ent te&plate using variables in the tet that are !ille# #uringprogra& eecution,

Web Acti$ity

- Selecte# container ele&ents are poste# using http protocol in M* or S'AP &essage

Subworkflow- An activity "hich re!ers to a "or!lo" rather than a tas



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Condition

- Branch on the basis o! control in!or&ation !ro& the runti&e #epen#ent conteto! the "or!lo",

- An attribute o! this ob(ect can also be accesse# !or con#ition evaluation

- Con#ition evaluation can be #one by

=iel# co&parison e,g constants / ob(ect attribute/ syste& !iel#s

'ultiple condition

- In contrast to con#ition/ &ultiple con#ition &aes it possible !or the "or!lo"#e!inition to branch in &ore than t"o branches,

- =or evaluation o! the &ultiple con#ition/ the value o! the basis o! co&parison ischece# at runti&e against the co&parison values an# branche# accor#ingly,

Internal process control Steps

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Internal process control ,contd.

W)I( oop

- Steps are processe# repeate#ly until the con#itions containe# in the WI*)step no longer apply,

+ntil oop

- Steps are processe# repeate#ly until the con#ition containe# in the >6%I*step is true,

ork

- >se# !or parallel processing branches,- 'nly a part o! the parallel processing branches actually has to run to

continue the "or!lo",

- $yna&ic parallel processing is also possible

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Send "ail

- %et entere# in this step can be use# to sen# a &ail to the agent assigne#

Container operations

- >se# to per!or& arith&etic operation o! value assign&ent to "or!lo"container ele&ents using constants an# #ata in the "or!lo" container ,

IBM Gl b l S i



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($ent Creator

- An event is create# "hen this step in the "or!lo" is reache#,

- 'ther "or!lo"s can be starte# as a reaction to the event create# in this

step, %his event &ust be the triggering event o! the relevant "or!lo" tass

an#.or te&plates,

WAI% for e$ent

- >se# to stop the "hole eecution o! the "or!lo" until the event is create#

in the syste&,

- >se# to "ait !or events !or parallel processing

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%ask 0 Workflow Definition

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%ass%ass

Single stepSingle step

MultistepMultistep

Stan#ar# %as@%SStan#ar# %as@%S

Custo&er %as@%Custo&er %as@%

Wor!lo" %e&plate@WSWor!lo" %e&plate@WS

Wor!lo" %as@W=Wor!lo" %as@W=

%ass are use# to #escribe a business process

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Si"ilarities and differences of task types

Customer Task T"e T# Stan$ar$ Task T"e TS#Workflow %ask ,%ype W Workflow %e"plate ,%ype WS

Create$ b customer Create$ b S%P an$customer

&it' vali$it "erio$ &it'out vali$it "erio$

Client($e"en$ent Client(in$e"en$ent

Must be linke$ to its "ossible Must be linke$ to its"ossibleagents )'en it is $e*ne$ agents )'en it is $e*ne$

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Sin*le and 'ultistep %asks

%ass%ass

Single stepSingle step

MultistepMultistep

-e!erences-e!erences one ob1ect typeone ob1ect type

"etod"etod an# #isplays one stepan# #isplays one step

in the business processin the business process

-epresents the-epresents the businessbusiness

processprocess an# is a se4uence o!an# is a se4uence o!

in#ivi#ual tass an# controlin#ivi#ual tass an# control

stepssteps

%ransaction : P=%C%ransaction : P=%C

Menu Path ;? %ools ;? Business Wor!lo" ;? $evelop&ent ;? $e!inition tools ;?%assMenu Path ;? %ools ;? Business Wor!lo" ;? $evelop&ent ;? $e!inition tools ;?%ass

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Sin*le-step tasks

Single;step tass #escribe ele&entary business activities,

Single;step tass operate on an ob(ect an# re!er to one ob(ect &etho#

each

Single;step tass are line# to their possible an# per&itte# agents

"hose organi5ational assign&ents are #escribe# in the organi5ational

plan o! the enterprise,

)ecutable single;step tass are represente# by "or ite&s at runti&e,

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Workflow definition - 'ultistep tasks

A "or!lo" #e!inition has a &o#ular structure consisting o! in#ivi#ual steps"hich are line# together,

%he &ultistep tass !or& the business !ra&e"or !or a "or!lo" #e!inition

an# each re!erences one "or!lo" #e!inition,

A step in a "or!lo" #e!inition can be an activity,

An activity al"ays re!ers to one tas @D single;step tas or &ultistep tas,

An activity "ith one si&ple triangle re!ers to a tas,

An activity "ith three triangles re!ers to a "or!lo" @subworkflow ,

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%ask Definition 2 Syncronous and

Asyncronous 'etods

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Definin* a %ask

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Settin*s for %asks

Back*round Confir" end of

processin*SAPpones

%as eecute# in

bacgroun#

#epen#ing on

ob(ect &etho#

At runti&e user can create

attach&ents

>ser eplains eplicitly

that "or ite& is no longer

is to be processe#

%he "or!lo" #ials

the telephone

nu&ber attache# to

the current custo&er

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I"portant %ask Attributes

3eneral

;Worite&s can be eecute# an# !or"ar#e# to any SAP >ser

3eneral orwardin* Allowed

;Worite&s can be !or"ar#e# to any user

3eneral orwardin* Not Allowed

;Wor ite&s can be !or"ar#e# to possible users

orwardin* not allowed

;6o !or"ar#ing allo"e#

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Work Ite"

)ecutable single;step tass are represente# by "or ite&s at

runti&e,

'b(ect that represents a tas or action in the "or!lo" syste& at

runti&e,

$epen#ing on the "or ite& type/ so&e o! these "or ite&s are

#isplaye# in a userEs "or list, 'ther "or ite&s/ on the other han#/

are only use# an# processe# internally,

%he "or ite&s are #isplaye# in the integrate# inboes o! their

selecte# agents/ an# can be reserve# an# eecute# !ro& there,

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Work Ite"s %ypes

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Workite" %ypes

W& Dialo* work ite"

-unti&e #isplay !or a single step tas "ith a user #ialog

D& 'issed deadline work ite"

%he &essage recipient !or the &isse# #ea#line is in!or&e#,

& Workflow work ite"

-unti&e representation o! a &ulti step tas

B& Back*round work ite"

-unti&e #isplay !or a tas eecute# in the bacgroun#,

(& Wait step work ite"&

-unti&e #isplay !or a "ait step in the "or!lo" #e!inition,

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Workite" %e!t

%itle o! "orite& in the Business Worplace

=irst create the "orite& tet an# position the cursor to inclu#e a varible

Choose the EInsert variableE icon un#er the "orite& tet

Processes re4uest !ro& FWIF'b(ectFI$,Create#By

(!a"ple

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%ask and its $arious co"ponent in SAP

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Business 4b1ect Definition

and I"ple"entation

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SAP Business Wor!lo" has been #evelope# on an ob1ect-

oriented basis,

%he business ob(ect types are i#enti!ie# an# #escribe# "ith their

ob(ect &etho#s in the Business 4b1ect 5epository,B45 o! the-.3 Syste&,

Generally one ob(ect is create# in the syste& an# then processe# in

a workflow over several steps by various e&ployees,

4b1ect %ypes 0 Workflow

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Wor!lo" #eals "ith ob(ect types, 'b(ect types are #e!initions o!#ata, In or#er to access #atabase #ata/ "or!lo" uses the ob(ect

type inter!ace,

Most o! the in!or&ation represente# by ob(ect types is available in

the ABAP. $ictionary,

4b1ects are create# at runti&e an# are speci!ic instances o!

#e!ine# ob(ect types,

Many ob(ect types are #elivere# by SAP, In a##ition/ the custo&er

can create ne" ob(ect types or eten# SAP ob(ects by creatingsubtypes @chil# ob(ects, 6e" custo&er ob(ects or subtypes &ay

be #esire# i! the #elivere# SAP ob(ect #oes not contain all the

characteristics @attributes or processing options @&etho#s #esire#,

4b1ect %ypes 0 4b1ects

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4b1ect %ype - Definition

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Interfaces

Inter!aces are a co&bination o! attributes/ &etho#s/ an# events to be use# in

co&&on a&ong &ultiple ob(ect types, %he purpose o! inter!aces is to #e!ine

co&&on !unctionality in one ob(ect type/ an# to assign that co&&on

!unctionality via an inter!ace to &ultiple ob(ect types across the Business

'b(ect -epository, %his avoi#s re#un#ancy o! #ata an# !unctionality

#e!inition,

)ach ne" ob(ect type auto&atically receives the inter!ace ISAP/ the SAP

stan#ar# inter!ace, I=SAP provi#es every ob(ect type "ith the !ollo"ing:

- Metho# $isplay

- Metho# )istenceChec

- Attribute 'b(ect%ype

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6ey ields

ey !iel#s are #esigne# to uni4uely i#enti!y the ob(ect type,

I! the ey !iel# has a #ata type re!erence o! a #ictionary table !iel#/ the runti&esyste& "ill loo to that table !iel# to retrieve the value o! the ey "hen

processing the ob(ect, When the ey !iel# is create#/ the ABAP. progra& co#e

is generate# auto&atically "hen the ob(ect type is generate#,

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Attributes

Attributes provi#es access to #ata,

ABAP $ictionary =iel# 8irtual

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'etods

Metho#s incorporate the per&itte# !unctions available !or an ob(ect,Metho#s have i&porting an# eporting para&eters as "ell as eceptions,

Metho#s can be create# using :

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'etods

Im"ortIm"ortParametersParameters

MET+O,MET+O,

- e s

u l t

- e s

u l t

E."ortE."ort

ParametersParameters

E . c e " t i o

E . c e " t i o

n s

n s

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.,ialog / or backgroun$ 0

/*ecution o0 the method is via a #ork item in a user’sintegrated inbo* or in background b the #orko# runtimesstem 2ackground methods cannot use messages ore*ceptions because the cannot be processed b the

background sstem and #ill result in termination o0 theprogram

.Snc'ronous / %snc'ronous

4nchronous methods 5nish e*ecuting be0ore handingcontrol back to the calling program These tpes o0methods can return e*port parameters' results ande*ceptions 6snchronous methods do not return control tothe calling program immediatel 7nce e*ecuted' thedepend upon events to communicate the results o0 themethod back to the calling program 6snchronous ob8ectmethods cannot have results' e*port parameters or

e*ceptions

'etods - Call attributes

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- 5esult&

Synchronous &etho#s &ay return an eport para&eter as a result, A

result can be #e!ine# lie a #ictionary !iel# or an ob(ect type ,

- Instance independence&

In#icates "hether an ob(ect re!erence is passe# to the &etho# by bin#ing

at the ti&e o! eecution, Metho#s that generate an# return an ob(ect

re!erence/ such as Create/ or &etho#s that generate a report listing shoul#

be instance in#epen#ent,

'etods - Call attributes

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I"port /(!port Para"eters

The method parameter container contains re0erences to all import'e*port and result parameters #hich need to be e*changed back and0orth bet#een the calling program 9single-step task: and themethod 2inding is necessar bet#een the single-step task and the

method parameter container to accomplish the data trans0erImport parameters are those values #hich are necessar toe*ecute the method Import parameters are retrieved 0rom thecontainer ;7<T6I</= using the macro instructions4);>?/T>/@/&/<T 9single-line: or 4);>?/T>T62@/ 9multiline:

H)port para&eter values are passe# to the container C'6%AI6)- using the&acro instructions SWCFS)%F)*)M)6% @single;line or SWCFS)%F%AB*)@&ultiline, %he result para&eter is passe# to the C'6%AI6)- ele&ent-)S>*% via the sa&e &acro instructions,

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(!ceptions

H)rror han#ling is acco&plishe# through the use o! &etho# eceptions@synchronous &etho#s only,

H%he "or!lo" #e!inition can branch accor#ing to these possible errorstates an# allo" !or subse4uent steps to han#le these con#itions,Messages an# eceptions cannot be use# "ith bacgroun# &etho#s

because they "ill ter&inate the progra&,

H6u&ber o! the eception:H0007;7000: eceptions #e!ine# !or inter!acesH7007;JJJ: application;speci!ic eceptions @!ree !or SAP#evelop&entH<000;<JJJ: eceptions raise# by the ob(ect &anager HJ000;JJJJ: eceptions #e!ine# by the custo&er @!ree !orcusto&ers

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H)ceptions are i&ple&ente# "ithin a &etho#/ bet"een the &acroinstructions B)GI6FM)%'$ an# )6$FM)%'$,

K)I%F-)%>-6 Co#e 8ariable7 8ariable2 8ariable3 8ariable,HCo#e D the ;#igit nu&ber o! the eceptionH8ariable7 through 8ariable correspon# to up to variables"hich can be #erive# !ro& the &essage issue# "ith theeception,

H%he !ollo"ing eceptions @!or te&porary errors are also available toallo" eiting o! the progra&:

K)I%F'BL)C%F6'%F='>6$ D ob(ect not !oun#

K)I%FCA6C)**)$ D cancelle# by the user

(!ceptions

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)vents #escribe the change in the status o! an ob(ect,Wor!lo" are usually starte# using events

($ents

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4b1ect %ype - 5elease Status

6ot accessible at runti&e,

'nly in test or internal use/ possibly unstable,

-elease# !or use by the custo&er,

%he !unctionality has been replace#, %he ol#

!unctionality is still supporte# !or t"o releases,

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Subtype

%he subtype inherits all attributes/ &etho#s an# events o! the supertype an# isopen !or ne" custo&er;speci!ic attributes/ &etho#s an# events, %he ey !iel#s

o! the supertype an# subtype &ust be i#entical, %his &eans that any &etho#s

an# attributes #e!ine# on the parent can be eecute# an# accesse# on the

chil# ob(ect,

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Dele*ation

%his #elegation is po"er!ul because it lets you i&ple&ent your o"n business logic

"ithout &o#i!ying any SAP co#e, As long as the ob(ects are properly #elegate#/

your &etho# "ill be eecute#,

CallingCalling

Progra&Progra&

6A76A7

Metho#:Metho#:

Change pass"or#Change pass"or#

6A76A7

Metho#:Metho#:

Change pass"or#Change pass"or#

%ransaction: Menu Path: SW07%ools 2usiness )orko# - Aevelopment - Ae5nition tools - 2usiness 7b8ect2uilder - 4ettings - Aelegate

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4b1ects in te workflow

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Business 4b1ect 5epository ,B45

%ransaction: Menu Path: SW07%ransaction: Menu Path: SW07%ools%ools %ools ; Business Wor!lo" K $e!ination tool KBusniness 'b(ect Buil#er %ools ; Business Wor!lo" K $e!ination tool KBusniness 'b(ect Buil#er

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Containers and Bindin*s

; Wor!lo" ;

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%ypes of Containers

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Workflow Container

%he "or!lo" container contains"or!lo";speci!ic syste& variables

an# other ele&ents "hich are

#e!ine# eplicitly,

As part o! the #e!inition o! the

"or!lo" tas/ the i&port an# eport

para&eters o! the "or!lo" are

#e!ine# as ele&ents o! the "or!lo"

container,

When the "or!lo" is #e!ine# in the

"or!lo" e#itor/ ele&ents can also be

a##e# to the "or!lo" container,%hese ele&ents are then Nlocal

variablesN "ithin a "or!lo" #e!inition

an# can be use#/ !or ea&ple/ to set

up a counting loop,

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%ask Container

)ach tas container alrea#ycontains the "or!lo" syste&

variable an# any a##itional ele&ents

!or the &etho# para&eters o! the

re!erence# ob(ect &etho#,

Oou have to a## a##itional ele&ents

to the tas container !or a##itional

values are re4uire# !or variable

replace&ent in the "or ite& tet or

in the long tets

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4ter %ypes of Containers

($ent para"eter container

Contains an ele&ent "hich can tae the @ob(ect re!erence to the ob(ect

"hose change o! status is announce# via the event,

5ole para"eter container

Contains the ele&ents re4uire# as input in connection "ith the role

resolution to be run at runti&e,

'etod para"eter container Contains ele&ents "hich "ill be re4uire# as i&port an# eport para&eters

in connection "ith the &etho# eecution,

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Wat is a Container7

1iel$ values1iel$ values

Multiline listsMultiline lists o2 *el$ values o2 *el$ values

ObjectObject

re2erences re2erences

Container,e*nition

Container Instance

%""lication%""lication,ata,ata

-/3

,e*nition -untime

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Definin* Container (le"ents

Element nameElement name ,ata t"e,ata t"e ,escri"tion,escri"tion Multi(lineMulti(line 4alue4alue

re2erencere2erence

Element 5Element 5 ,atabase 1iel$,atabase 1iel$ ,escri"tion 5,escri"tion 5

Element 6Element 6 ,atabase 1iel$,atabase 1iel$ ,escri"tion 6,escri"tion 6 77

Element 3Element 3 Object T"eObject T"e ,escri"tion 3,escri"tion 3 77

,e*nition -untime

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Bindin*

A bin#ing is si&ply the art o! o! pouring selecte# container ele&ents !ro&one container into another,

%he bin#ing e#itor is available "hen #e!ining:

Wor!lo" #e!initions

%riggering events

Wor!lo" steps

Wor!lo" steps @ Stan#ar# roles. 'b(ect &etho#s "ith para&eters

%he bin#ing e#itor al"ays re!erences the container to receive the

application #ata, Bin#ing #e!initions can re!erence:

Constants 8ariables @container ele&ents

Syste& !iel#s

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Container 0 Dataflow

Task Task ContainerContainer

Met'o$Met'o$ContainerContainer

EventEventContainerContainer

&ork8o)&ork8o)ContainerContainer

triggeringtriggeringeventevent

triggeringtriggeringeventevent

sncsnctask task

sncsnctask task

sncsncmet'omet'o

$$

sncsncmet'omet'o

$$

sncsnctask task

sncsnctask task

sncsncmet'omet'o

$$

sncsncmet'omet'o

$$

rolerolerolerole

asncasnctask task

asncasnctask task

asncasncmet'omet'o

$$

asncasncmet'omet'o

$$

99

terminatingterminatingeventevent

terminatingterminatingeventevent

5566

33

::;;

<<

==

>>

5?5?

5555

5656 5353

59595:5:

-ole-oleContainerContainer

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Container Data Structure

S&C@CONT%INE-S&C@CONT%INE-

S&C@C-E%TE@CONT%INE-S&C@C-E%TE@CONT%INE-

S&C@-ELE%SE@CONT%INE-S&C@-ELE%SE@CONT%INE-

,eclareContainer

InitialiAeContainer

-eleaseContainer

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Writin*/5eadin* Container (le"ents Defined

as ield 8alues

S&C@ET@ELEMENTS&C@ET@ELEMENT

S&C@SET@ELEMENTS&C@SET@ELEMENT

4ariable

Container Instance

4ariable

S&C@ET@T%BLES&C@ET@T%BLE

S&C@SET@T%BLES&C@SET@T%BLE

$elete value

InternalInternal

TableTable

InternalInternalTableTable S&C@,ELETE@ELEME

NTS&C@,ELETE@ELEME

NT

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Writin* to Container (le"ents Defined as 4b1ect %ypes

Container Instance0

CONT%INE-

Object

Element0M%T-L,eclare a variable as an object0

,%T%0 M%TE-I%L TYPE S&C@OBECTD

Create an instance o2 our object in our "rogram0S&C@C-E%TE@OBECT M%TE-I%L M%-%F M%TN-D

,eclare a variable as t'e ke o2 our object0,%T%0 M%TN- LIGE M%-%(M%TN-D

1ill t'e ke )it' a value0M%TN- H 5639:;FD

Object t"e 2rom BDOD-D

Ge o2 object ou "reviousl $e*ne$

ans2er value o2 our object instance to t'e container element0S&C@SET@ELEMENT CONT%INE- M%TN-F M%TE-I%L

IBM Global Services




5eadin* Container (le"ents

Defined as 4b1ect %ypes

Container Instance0

CONT%INE-

,eclare a variable as an object0,%T%0 M%TE-I%L TYPE S&C@OBECTD

ObjectElement0M%T-L

-ea$ value o2 container element to our object0S&C@ET@ELEMENT CONT%INE- M%T-LF M%TE-I%LD

,eclare a variable as t'e ke o2 our object0,%T%0 M%TN- LIGE M%-%(M%TN-D

-ea$ t'e object t"e ke into our variable0S&C@ET@OBECT@GEY M%TE-I%L M%TN-D

,eclare a variable to 'ol$ t'e object t"e0,%T%0 OBTYPE LIGE S&OTOBI,(OBTYPED

Obtain t'e object t"e 2rom our object t"e variable0S&C@ET@OBECT@TYPE M%TE-I%L OBTYPED

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Writin* to Container (le"ents Defined as 'ultiline 4b1ect

%ypes

Container Instance0

CONT%INE-

Element0P-Items

,eclare a variable as an internal table object0,%T%0 -EITEMS TYPE S&C@OBECT OCCJ-S ?D

Create an instance o2 our object 2or eac' table line0S&C@C-E%TE@OBECT -EITEM BJS6??>F P-EGEYD

Once t'e internal table is *lle$K trans2er t'e internal table to t'emultiline container element0

S&C@SET@T%BLE CONT%INE- P-ItemsF -EITEMSD

Since t'is internal table 'as no 'ea$erK $eclare a)ork area0 ,%T%0 -EITEM TYPE S&C@OBECTD

,eclare ke *el$s o2 t'e objecteDgD calle$ P-EGEY# an$ *ll t'em

eDgD )it'in a select loo"#D

%""en$ t'e object instance to t'e internal table0%PPEN, -EITEM TO -EITEMSD

IBM Global Services




5eadin* Container (le"ents

Defined as 'ultiline 4b1ect %ypes

Container Instance0

CONT%INE-

ObjectElement0P-Items

-ea$ value o2 multiline container elementinto our internal table object0

S&C@ET@T%BLE CONT%INE- P-ItemsF -EITEMSD

,eclare our object0

,%T%0 -EITEM TYPE S&C@OBECTD

Loo" t'roug' our internal table object-EITEMS into in$ivi$ual -EITEM entriesD

Per2orm o"erations as nee$e$D

Jse t'is macro to get t'e kes o2 eac' entr0S&C@ET@OBECT@GEY -EITEMS P-EGEY

Jse t'is macro to get t'e object t"e o2 eac' entr0S&C@ET@OBECT@TYPE -EITEMS OBTYPED

,eclare a variable to 'ol$ t'e object t"e0,%T%0 OBTYPE LIGE S&OTOBI,(OBTYPED

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($ents

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An event #escribes a possible status change !or an ob(ect in the SAPSyste&,

Be!ore an event can be use# in a "or!lo"/ it &ust be #e!ine# in the

Business 'b(ect -epository !or the ob(ect type,

)vents &ust be triggere# eplicitly, %he application itsel! can be the triggeringagent,

($ent

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%ypes of ($ent Creation

ChangeChange

$ocu&ent$ocu&ent

ChangeChange

$ocu&ent$ocu&entStatusStatus

Manage&entManage&ent

StatusStatus

Manage&entManage&entMessageMessage

ControlControl

MessageMessage

ControlControl

Speci!icSpeci!ic

- %ables- %ables

Speci!icSpeci!ic

- %ables- %ables

ABAP Co#e ABAP Co#e

In >ser )itIn >ser )it

ABAP Co#e ABAP Co#e

In >ser )itIn >ser )it

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+sin* Custo"i9in* for e$ent tri**er

Menu Path :Basic &enu ;? %ools ;? Business Wor!lo" ;? $evelop&ent ;? $e!inition toolsMenu Path :Basic &enu ;? %ools ;? Business Wor!lo" ;? $evelop&ent ;? $e!inition tools;? )vents;? )vents

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($ent Creation of Can*e Docu"ent

ChangingChanging

Master #ataMaster #ata

ChangingChanging

Master #ataMaster #ata

)vent linage is)vent linage is

#one to connect to#one to connect to

the "or!lo". tasthe "or!lo". tas




)vent creation)vent creation

@SW)C@SW)C


@SW)C@SW)C

Change logge#Change logge#

usingusing

change #ocu&entschange #ocu&ents

Change logge#Change logge#

usingusing

change #ocu&entschange #ocu&ents

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($ent Creation of Status 'ana*e"ent








@@BS8WBS8W


@@BS8WBS8W StatusStatus


StatusStatus


When user status

changes to )002 /

event is triggere#

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($ent Creation of 'essa*e Control

Create Message type an# #e!ineCreate Message type an# #e!ine

"or!lo" as trans&ission &e#iu&"or!lo" as trans&ission &e#iu&

Create Message type an# #e!ineCreate Message type an# #e!ine

"or!lo" as trans&ission &e#iu&"or!lo" as trans&ission &e#iu&

Create Con#ition %ableCreate Con#ition %ableCreate Con#ition %ableCreate Con#ition %able

Create Access Se4uenceCreate Access Se4uenceCreate Access Se4uenceCreate Access Se4uence

Assign Access Se4uence Assign Access Se4uence

to #e!ine# &essage typeto #e!ine# &essage type

Assign Access Se4uence Assign Access Se4uence

to #e!ine# &essage typeto #e!ine# &essage type

$e!ine Con#ition -ecor#s$e!ine Con#ition -ecor#s$e!ine Con#ition -ecor#s$e!ine Con#ition -ecor#s

Assign &essage type %o proce#ure Assign &essage type %o proce#ure Assign &essage type %o proce#ure Assign &essage type %o proce#ure

%riggering an event using &essage control occurs "ith 6AS%,

Maintain the processing progra& -SW)MC07

"ith the ='-M routine C-)A%)F)8)6% !or

the output type )8)6 an# trans&ission

&e#iu& J,

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+sin* ABAP Code

%his is using #one by "riting custo& co#e e,g, by using SAP =M lieSW)F)8)6%FC-)A%) insi#e user eits/ BA$I etc,

;6@@ BC<;TI7< D4)/>/E/<T>;=/6T/D/FG7=TI<?

72TG/ J 72TG/

72K/ J 72K/ /E/<T J /E/<T ;=/6T7= J 6GG@I;6<T 4T6=T>)ITH>A/@6 J D D I&G7=TI<? /E/<T>IA J /E/<TIA T62@/4

/E/<T>;7<T6I</= J ;7<T6I</= /F;/GTI7<4 72TG/><7T>B7C<A J L1

IB 4-4C2=; J L;7&&IT )7=K

/<AIB

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($ent Creators: 5ecei$ers and ($ent inka*e

Publis'e$Events

-eceivers

EventEventEventEvent

LinkageLinkageLinkageLinkage

Creator

%nbo$ )antt'is event

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%ype inka*e (ntry

%ransaction:%ransaction: SW)2SW)2

Menu Path :Basic &enu ;? %ools ;? Business Wor!lo" ;?Menu Path :Basic &enu ;? %ools ;? Business Wor!lo" ;? >tilities ? 'ther tools ?)vent linage>tilities ? 'ther tools ?)vent linage

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($ent %race

%ransaction:%ransaction: SW)*SW)*Menu Path :Basic &enu ;? %ools ;? Business Wor!lo" ;? $evelop&ent ;? >tilities ;?Menu Path :Basic &enu ;? %ools ;? Business Wor!lo" ;? $evelop&ent ;? >tilities ;?

)vents ;? )vent %race,)vents ;? )vent %race,

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4r*anisational Structure

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4r*ani9ational Structure Business Scenario

An organi5ational plan in SAP #escribes the organi5ational structure

o! a co&pany,

%he "or!lo" syste& !in#s the agents o! the in#ivi#ual tass by

evaluating the or*ani9ational plan

%he !unctions to create an# &aintain organi5ational plans are part

o! the Personnel Planning an# $evelop&ent @P$ part o! the SAP

- &o#ule

Oou &ust connect this or*ani9ational structure to the "or!lo"

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4 i ti l ' t




4r*ani9ational units contain positions/ occupie# by e&ployees,

;obs are abstract #escriptions o! tas assign&ents,

Positions can be line# to (obs, %hey inherit all the tass assigne# tothat (ob,

+sers, A user is an SAP logon user I$, It thus represents a singleperson,

Persons, A person is a speci!ic e&ployee create# in the - &o#ule,

Wor!lo" tass can be assigne# to or*ani9ational units/ positions: 1obs or users,

%he "or!lo" syste& uses organi5ational structure to route "or ite&sto the correct recipients

4r*ani9ational 'ana*e"ent

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Create 4r*anisational Plan

Create root organi5ational unitCreate root organi5ational unit

A##itional organi5ational units A##itional organi5ational units

Create (obsCreate (obs

Create positionsCreate positions

Assign ol#ers Assign ol#ers

Assign tass Assign tass

%ransaction: Menu Path: PP'CW%ransaction: Menu Path: PP'CW%ools%ools Business Wor!lo" ; $evelop&ent ; )nviron&ent ; 'rgani5ational Manage&ent ;Business Wor!lo" ; $evelop&ent ; )nviron&ent ; 'rgani5ational Manage&ent ;

Si&ple Maintenance K 'rg plan basic #ata ; CreateSi&ple Maintenance K 'rg plan basic #ata ; Create

Create )ecutive Boar#Create )ecutive Boar#

Create Sales region / Pro#uctionCreate Sales region / Pro#uction

A#&inistrator / Sales Manager A#&inistrator / Sales Manager

Sales Manager K eastern oneSales Manager K eastern one

Create Sales 'r#er Create Sales 'r#er

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Assi*"ent Workflow %ask 4r*ani9ational




Position: SecretaryPosition: SecretaryPosition: SecretaryPosition: Secretary

Position: =I a#&inistrator 7Position: =I a#&inistrator 7Position: =I a#&inistrator 7Position: =I a#&inistrator 7

Position: =I a#&inistrator 2Position: =I a#&inistrator 2Position: =I a#&inistrator 2Position: =I a#&inistrator 2

'rgani5ational unit: =I #epart&ent'rgani5ational unit: =I #epart&ent'rgani5ational unit: =I #epart&ent'rgani5ational unit: =I #epart&ent

Position: ea# o! =I #epat&entPosition: ea# o! =I #epat&entPosition: ea# o! =I #epat&entPosition: ea# o! =I #epat&ent

Lob !or =I e&ployeeLob !or =I e&ployeeLob !or =I e&ployeeLob !or =I e&ployee

>ser 7>ser 7>ser 7>ser 7

Manager (obManager (obManager (obManager (ob

Lob !or secretaryLob !or secretaryLob !or secretaryLob !or secretary




%as%as

%as%as

%as%as

Assi*"ent Workflow %ask 4r*ani9ational

4b1ects

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A*ent Assi*n"ent and

5ole 5esolution; Wor!lo" ;

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A*ent

Agent is an eecutor o! a "or ite&,

Agent is responsible !or eecuting a tas in a "or!lo",

Agent is #eter&ine# by the syste& either through organi5ational chart

or #irectly i! user is assigne# as agent !or a particular tas,

I! the agents o! the in#ivi#ual "or!lo" steps are #eter&ine# using the

custo&er;speci!ic organi5ational chart/ your agent assign&ent in the

"or!lo" re&ains !leible to change,

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%ypes of A*ents

$ea#line Agents$ea#line Agents$ea#line Agents$ea#line Agents

6oti!ication Agents6oti!ication Agents6oti!ication Agents6oti!ication Agents

Processing AgentsProcessing AgentsProcessing AgentsProcessing Agents

Selected a*entsSelected a*entsare those possibleare those possible

agents "ho areagents "ho are

electe# to eecute aelecte# to eecute a

tas at runti&etas at runti&e

Selected a*entsSelected a*ents

are those possibleare those possible

agents "ho areagents "ho are

electe# to eecute aelecte# to eecute a

tas at runti&etas at runti&e

Possible a*entsPossible a*ents

are a collection o!are a collection o!

agents "ho 4uali!y toagents "ho 4uali!y to

eecute a "or ite&eecute a "or ite&

Possible a*entsPossible a*ents

are a collection o!are a collection o!

agents "ho 4uali!y toagents "ho 4uali!y to

eecute a "or ite&eecute a "or ite&

Actual a*entActual a*ent is theis the

agent a&ong thoseagent a&ong those

selecte# agents "hoselecte# agents "ho

actually processes theactually processes the

"or ite&"or ite&

Actual a*entActual a*ent is theis theagent a&ong thoseagent a&ong those

selecte# agents "hoselecte# agents "ho

actually processes theactually processes the

"or ite&"or ite&

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5ole 5esolution

*ist o! possible agents

@eecutors o! a tas

@All supervisors in a #ept,

Selecte# Agent@s

@Mr, Banning

=ole=ole=esolution=esolution

@Supervisor o!

>ser PBAC'6

-ole D -ules

A role #e!ines rules by "hich selecte# agents can be #eter&ine# at runti&e through

role resolution, -ole resolution restricts the nu&ber o! possible agents,

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Standard 5ules

A rule container is #e!ine# !or each rule,

%he rule para&eters #eter&ine "hich in!or&ation is re4uire# !or the rule resolution

to be eecute# at runti&e,

I! an error occurs #uring rule resolution/ setting the ter&ination in#icator !or the rule

resolution #eter&ines ho" the "or!lo" "ill continue:

=lag is selecte# ; the "or!lo" assu&es an )rror status an# a noti!ication is sent

to the "or!lo" a#&inistrator,In#icator is not activate# ; the "or!lo" !or"ar#s this "or ite& to A** possible

agents,

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5ule Basics

%ransaction : P=ACFI6S@Create%ransaction : P=ACFI6S@CreateMenu Path: %ools K Business Wor!lo" K $evelop&ent K $e!inition tools K -ules !or AgentMenu Path: %ools K Business Wor!lo" K $evelop&ent K $e!inition tools K -ules !or Agent

Assign&ent K Create.Change.$isplay, Assign&ent K Create.Change.$isplay,

)ach rule gets a < #igit generate# by the syste& pre!ie# "ith AC

-ules can be teste# using P=%C or by !unction &o#ule -FG)%FAC%'-SQ

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5ule Definition in a Acti$ity Step %ype

8arious options to create stan#ar# rules :

7, -esponsibility @Pure con!iguration no ABAP co#ing

$e!ine# 8alue ranges are assigne# to Agents

$ata is !ille# !ro& "or!lo" container at runti&e

2, )valution paths @Pure con!iguration no ABAP co#ing

3, 'rgani5ational #ata @Pure con!iguration no ABAP co#ing

Lobs / positions

, =unctions to be eecute# K ABAP Co#e K =unction Mo#ule

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5ule Definition wit 5esponsibility& (!a"ple

LonesLones S&ithS&ith

Anna Anna

MichaelMichael

Willia&Willia&-oss-oss

$avi#$avi#

GeorgeGeorge

Peter Peter

)&ployee 6a&es A;)&ployee 6a&es A;)&ployee 6a&es A;)&ployee 6a&es A;

)&ployee 6a&es *;)&ployee 6a&es *;)&ployee 6a&es *;)&ployee 6a&es *;

Mr, Miller Mr, Miller

Position : A#&inistratorPosition : A#&inistrator

--



--

Mr, An#re"Mr, An#re"


--



--

IBM Global Services




5ule Definition wit 5esponsibility& (!a"ple

Container )le&entContainer )le&ent $ata %ype$ata %ype 6a&e6a&e

)le&ent)le&ent >na&e>na&e 6a&e6a&e

8alue =ro& =ro& %o 6a&e

AR R )&ployees !ro& A;

*R R )&ployees !ro& *;

-ules Container $e!inition-ules Container $e!inition

Areas o! -esponsibility Areas o! -esponsibility



Which 8alueWhich 8alue Which AgentWhich Agent

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($aluation pat as 5ule

)valuation path #escribes ho" to !in# one or &ore organi5ational ob(ects base#

'n an initial organi5ational units

)a&ple($aluation pat($aluation pat 'eanin*'eanin*

W=F'-G>6W=F'-G>6 Get organi5ation unit !or a user i#.person i#Get organi5ation unit !or a user i#.person i#

W=F'-G>SW=F'-G>S All users o! a organi5ation unit/(ob/ position All users o! a organi5ation unit/(ob/ position

>SFC)=>SFC)= Superiors o! a usersSuperiors o! a users

SAPF'*$SAPF'*$ ol#er o! a positionol#er o! a position

%ransaction : ''AW%ransaction : ''AW

Menu Path:Menu Path:

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($aluation pat as 5ule contd.

ere are the basic steps:

7, $eter&ine the evaluation path that nee#s to be use#

2, Create a rule setting the type =unction to be eecute#Q,

3, )nter !unction &o#ule -FG)%FS%->C%>-)

, )nter the evaluation path #eter&ine# in step 7 above

9, =ollo"ing rule container nee#s to be create#

Na"eNa"e Data type ref Data type ref DescriptionDescription (!a"ple(!a"ple

'%OP)'%OP) 4B;(C-4%<P(4B;(C-4%<P( %ype o! organi5ational &anage&ent ob(ect%ype o! organi5ational &anage&ent ob(ect >S>S

'BLI$'BLI$ 'BL)CF-)A*''BL)CF-)A*' I$ o! organi5ational &anage&ent ob(ectI$ o! organi5ational &anage&ent ob(ect SMI%SMI%

'-GFAG)6%'-GFAG)6% W=SOS%FAG)6%W=SOS%FAG)6% 'rgani5ational &anage&ent ob(ect'rgani5ational &anage&ent ob(ect >SSMI%>SSMI%

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5ole 5esolution wit unction 'odules

Para"eterPara"eter

%ype%ypeNa"eNa"e Data %ype 5ef Data %ype 5ef 'eanin*'eanin*

%able%able ACFC'6%AI6)- ACFC'6%AI6)- SWC'6%SWC'6% Inco&ing rule container Inco&ing rule container

%able%able AC%'-F%AB AC%'-F%AB SWAC%'-SWAC%'- 'utgoing list o! agents in agent !or&at'utgoing list o! agents in agent !or&at

)ception)ception 6'B'$OF='>6$6'B'$OF='>6$ )ception in#ication no agents !oun#)ception in#ication no agents !oun#

-ole resolution "ith !unction &o#ule shoul# be #one only !or co&ple criteria

ere are the basic steps:

7, A !unction &o#ule "ith the !ollo"ing inter!ace is create#

2, Create a rule setting the type =unction to be eecute#Q,

3, )nter the create# !unction &o#ule na&e, Create container ele&ents,

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(!ecution of a 5ole 5esolution




Eia organiMational ob8ectsN =ole resolution utiliMing organiMational dataanalses

the assignment o0 an organiMational ob8ect 9plant' laborator' &=Gcontroller'

planner group' shipping point' sales oce: to a position ororganiMational unit

Plant Laborator Sales Oce

(!ecution of a 5ole 5esolution

$ia 4r*ani9ational 4b1ects

IBM Global Services

0 f




%asks& Possible A*ents 0 Default 5oles

JserJser PositionPosition ob ob OrgD JnitOrgD Jnit PersonPerson

T%SG T%SG

,e2ault role,e2ault role

Possible agentsPossible agents

BusinessBusiness

WorplaceWorplace

%he "orplace #isplays the

"or ite&s !or a agent

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)ow are Selected A*ents Deter"ined Wit and




o a e Se ected *e ts ete ed t a d

Witout a Default 5ole7

Possible %gents

Task $e*nition )it'no $e2ault role

Task $e*nition )it'$e2ault role

TriggeringTriggeringEventEvent

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)ow are Selected A*ents Deter"ined Wit a




)ow are Selected A*ents Deter"ined Wit a

W A*ent7

%ll "ossible agents )'ouali2 to e.ecute task

Ste" $e*nition at )ork8o)$e2nD level )it' an agents"eci*e$D T'is overri$es

$e2ault role at task $e2nD level

Task $e*nition )it'

no $e2ault role

Task $e*nition )it'$e2ault role

TriggeringTriggeringEventEvent

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Workflow and A(

IBM Global Services




Workflow and A(

(rror Notification

Acti$e 'onitorin*

ID4C Processin*

Notification of successful postin*

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Workflow and (rror Notification

$ e t e r & i n e

- e c i p i e n t s

> s e r c h e c s i n b o 2

a n # e 2 e c u t e s t h e

" o r i t e &

= i 2 t h e e r r o r

P u r g e t h e I $ o c

- e s t a r t t h e

p r o c e s s

> s e r . G r o u p

g e t s n o t i ! i e #

v i a a " o r i t e &

C a n e r r o r b e

! i 2 e # S

) n #

) 2 c e p t i o n

- a i s e #

O e s

6 o

B u s i n e s s + s e r A n a l y s i s

IBM Global Services




A( error andlin*A( error andlin*

+ser action5/= action

(!ecute Workite"

i! error and reprocess IDocor la* IDoc for deletion

(rror in inbound function "odule

A.( tri**ers error e$ent

Workite" appears in user>s Inbo!

Display IDoc for user processin*

,IDoc "etod ?Inputore*round?-

A.( tri**ers end e$ent

Workite" co"pleted

input )rror 'ccurre#

input =inishe#

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A( error andlin*- (!a"pleA( error andlin*- (!a"ple%he ea&ple belo" o! an inboun# error !or a &aterial &aster &essage sho"s the steps

in A*) error han#ling:

7, %he inboun# !unction &o#ule passes &essage to the A*) layer that an error hasoccurre#,

2, A*) triggers the ob(ect event Ninput)rror'ccurre#N !ro& the I$C'MA%MAScategory,

3, %his event is line# to stan#ar# tas nu&ber 0000J/ NMA%MASFinboun# errorT

, A "or ite& appears in the userQs inbo/ the "or ite&Qs short tet is the !irst !i!tycharacters o! the error &essage containe# in the I$ocQs status recor#,

9, When the user processes the "or ite&/ the I$'CMA%MAS &etho#NI$'C,Input=oregroun#N is processe#,

1, I$oc status recor# is #isplaye# an# the user can #isplay the error &essageEs longtet, I! the user "as able to re&e#y the error/ the I$oc can be sub&itte# !orup#ating, I! the error cannot be re&e#ie#/ the user can !lag the I$oc !or #eletion,

, I! the I$oc "as either success!ully sub&itte# or !lagge# !or #eletion/I$'CMA%MASQs event Ninput=inishe#N is triggere# in#icating that the tas has beencarrie# out,

IBM Global Services

A ti M it i




Active Monitoring

Active &onitoring allo"s to speci!y threshol# values !or the state o! the syste&

=or e,g threshol# can be on the nu&ber o! I$ocs in error or the ti&e li&it

-eport Progra& -S)I$'CA can be eecute# perio#ically

Selection screen taes as input the threshol# values an# persons to be noti!ie#

When #e!ine# threshol# is ecee#e# Single Step %as %S302000<< is eecute#

IBM Global Services




Settin* up Inbound Process $ia Workflow

%he stan#ar# syste& can be con!igure# to start a W= !or an inco&ing I$oc,

>se!ul "hen revie" is essential be!ore posting

Custo&, SAP #oes not #eliver stan#ar#,

%he settings are:

;;Create the custo& tas or W= ;;Create a ne" process Co#e @ W)2 an# attach this

custo& W=.%as,

;;In the Partner Pro!ile/ attach the ne" Process co#e

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Notification of Successful Postin*

%he A*).)$I inter!ace can raise events on success!ul posting o! an I$'C,

%he settings are:

;;I#enti!y the Appl,'b( create# by the I#oc, %n: W)9

;;I#enti!y the event that nee#s to be raise#,

;;Go to B$1/ select Process co#e an# populate 'b(ect

type an# )vent,

;;I#enti!y.Create tass.W= an# enable event linage,

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Business Workflow

Custo"i9ation; Wor!lo" ;

IBM Global Services

Workflow Custo"i9in* - SW+=



Workflow Custo"i9in* SW+=

14437408 workflow training material

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