14.3 OCEAN’S RESOURCES14.4 OCEAN LIFE

Hydrosphere

Learning Targets

1. Describe the seafloor2. List the living and non-living

resources that people use from the seafloor

3. Describe the different types of ocean organisms

4. Describe the interactions among different ocean organisms

Seafloor

1. No light2. High pressure3. Low temperature4. Mapped using SONAR

a) Sound Navigation and Ranging

Ocean Topography

1. Trenchesa) Caused by subductionb) 10,000+ meters

2. Mid-ocean ridgea) Caused by divergent boundariesb) 80,000 km longc) 1,000-3,000 meters tall

3. Abyssal plaina) 40% of seafloorb) Smooth, flat areas

Ocean Resources

Living Resources:

1. Bottom trawling – method of fishing, towing weighted net on seafloor

2. Seafooda) Primary food for millions of people

Ocean Resources

Non-living Resources:

1. Oil and gasa) Likely holds most of earth’s fossil fuels

2. Mineral nodulesa) Spherical mineral deposits on the

ocean bottom

Ocean Life

1. Diverse food chain2. Includes marine and terrestrial

organisms

Plankton

1. Microscopic2. Drifting = Greek word for

“wanderer”3. Basis for the entire food chain4. Phytoplankton

a) Photosynthesizing microorganisms

5. Zooplanktona) Eggs, microorganisms, juvenile

animals, jellyfish

Plants and Algae

1. Vary in sizea) Microscopic to many meters long

2. Produce most of the atmospheric oxygen

3. Photosynthesize Photic zone

Invertebrates

1. Animals without a backbone

2. Crabs, lobsters, snails, sponges, squid, octopi, starfish, many more

3. Live in all parts of the ocean

Fish

1. Vertebrates

2. Breathe oxygen

3. Includes sharks and eelsa) Not whales and dolphins

Reptiles

1. Breathe air

2. Crocodiles, water snakes, turtles, marine iguanas

3. Many have terrestrial portions of their lifecycle

Seabirds

1. May swim and/or fly

2. Penguins, gulls, kestrels, pelicans

3. May migrate thousands of miles

Marine Mammals

1. Warm-blooded, milk producing2. Very similar to humans3. Evolved from land animals4. Cetaceans (whales),

sirenians(manatee), pinnepeds(seals), mustelids(otters), polar bears