14.1 – defining climate. climatology study of earth’s climate and the factors that affect past,...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 14.1 – Defining Climate. Climatology Study of Earth’s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climate changes Long-term weather](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8fc4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 14 - Climate14.1 – Defining Climate
![Page 2: 14.1 – Defining Climate. Climatology Study of Earth’s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climate changes Long-term weather](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8fc4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ClimatologyStudy of Earth’s climate and the
factors that affect past, present, and future climate changes
Long-term weather patterns of an area
http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/images/weather/worldclimatesmall.gif
![Page 3: 14.1 – Defining Climate. Climatology Study of Earth’s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climate changes Long-term weather](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8fc4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Normals Data used to describe an area’s
climateIncluded daily high and low temperaturesAmount of rainfallWind speed and directionHumidityAir pressure
Averaged on a monthly or annual basis for at least 30 years
Standard values for a location
![Page 4: 14.1 – Defining Climate. Climatology Study of Earth’s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climate changes Long-term weather](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8fc4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
NormalsApply only to the specific place where data is collected
Changes in elevation and other factors, such as proximity to large bodies of water, can cause climates to vary
![Page 5: 14.1 – Defining Climate. Climatology Study of Earth’s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climate changes Long-term weather](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8fc4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
LatitudeAmount of solar radiation received decreases from the equator to the poles
![Page 6: 14.1 – Defining Climate. Climatology Study of Earth’s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climate changes Long-term weather](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8fc4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The amount of solar energy received depends on the angle at which the sun’s rays hit a location and the number of daylight hours the location receives
Angle of sun’s rays is determined by latitude and tilt of the Earth’s axis
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/earth_sun_angles.gif
![Page 7: 14.1 – Defining Climate. Climatology Study of Earth’s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climate changes Long-term weather](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8fc4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Tropic ZoneArea between 23.5° S and 23.5 ° N
of equatorImmediately around the equator
Receive most solar radiationGenerally warm year-round
Average monthly temperature above 64ºF (18ºC)
Influenced by continental and maritime tropical air masses
![Page 8: 14.1 – Defining Climate. Climatology Study of Earth’s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climate changes Long-term weather](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8fc4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Temperate ZoneArea between 23.5° to 66.5°Temperatures are moderate
Average monthly temperature is no warmer than 64°F (18°C) in coldest month and no cooler than 50°F (10°C) in warmest month
Weather changes often because of air masses moving across regionFrequently exposed to wave cyclones
with strong winds and heavy rains
![Page 9: 14.1 – Defining Climate. Climatology Study of Earth’s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climate changes Long-term weather](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8fc4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Polar Zone66.5° latitude to the polesTend to be cold
Average monthly temperature is never higher than 50°F (10°C)
Continental and maritime air masses start in these areas
![Page 10: 14.1 – Defining Climate. Climatology Study of Earth’s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climate changes Long-term weather](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8fc4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Topographic effectsWater heats up and cools down more
slowly than landLarge bodies of water affect climates
of coastal areas
http://www.intandem.com/NewPrideSite/Pride2/Logs/LogsGraphics/currents.gif
![Page 11: 14.1 – Defining Climate. Climatology Study of Earth’s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climate changes Long-term weather](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8fc4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Temperature in the lower atmosphere generally decreases with altitude
Mountain climates are usually cooler than those at sea level
![Page 12: 14.1 – Defining Climate. Climatology Study of Earth’s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climate changes Long-term weather](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8fc4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
MountainsOrographic lifting leads to rains on the windsideLeeward side is usually dry and warm
![Page 13: 14.1 – Defining Climate. Climatology Study of Earth’s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climate changes Long-term weather](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8fc4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Air massesAffect regional climates by transporting the temperature and humidity
![Page 14: 14.1 – Defining Climate. Climatology Study of Earth’s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climate changes Long-term weather](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfed1a28abf838cb8fc4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
In-Class Assignment/HomeworkMountains and Climate WKT