14 the last great nomadic challenges2088
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 19The Last Great Nomadic Challenges:
From Chinggis Khan to Timur
World Civilizations: The Global ExperienceFifth Edition
Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
Chapter 19: The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Mongol Empire of Chinggis KhanII. The Mongol Drive to the WestIII. The Mongol Interlude in Chinese History
Chapter 19: The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Mongol Empire of Chinggis Khan
Mongol CultureNomadic pastoralistsGoats, sheepTribeDivided into clansTemporary confederationsLeaders elected
Chapter 19: The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Mongol Empire of Chinggis Khan
Mongol CultureNomadic pastoralistsGoats, sheepTribeDivided into clansTemporary confederationsLeaders elected
The Mongol Empire of Chinggis Khan
Chapter 19: The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Mongol Empire of Chinggis Khan
A. The Making of a Great Warrior: The Early Career of Chinggis Khan
Kabul Khan1100s, defeats Qin forcesGrandson, Temujin
Chinggis KhanBorn TemujinDevelops alliances among Mongols1206, elected khagan (supreme
ruler)The Mongol Empire of Chinggis Khan
Chapter 19: The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Mongol Empire of Chinggis Khan
B. Building the Mongol War MachineMounted warriorsTumens,10,000 troopsMessenger forceAdopted gunpowder, cannons
C. Conquest: The Mongol Empire under Chinggis Khan
1207, expeditionChinaXi-Xia, Tangut king defeated
D. First Assault on the Islamic World: Conquest in China
Kara Khitai defeatedMongolian
Khwarazm, Muhammad Shah II defeated
Return to ChinaXi-Xia kingdom and Qin Empire destroyed
1227, death of Chinggis KhanEmpire from Persia to North China Sea
Chapter 19: The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Mongol Empire of Chinggis Khan
E. Life Under the Mongol ImperiumHarsh, tolerant
Chinggis Khan Capital at karakorumShamanisticTolerated other religionsNew administration
Commerce thrives
Chapter 19: The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Mongol Empire of Chinggis Khan
F. The Death of Chinggis Khan and the Division of the Empire
1227, division of empireThree sons, one grandsonOgedei, third sonElected great khan
The Four Khanates of the Divided Monghol Empire
Chapter 19: The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. The Mongol Drive to the WestGolden HordeKhan's tent
Russia in the 1200sMany kingdomsMongols (Tartars) invade
Batu, grandson of Chinggis Khan1236, begins conquest of Russia1240, Kiev taken and sackedNovgorod spared
A. Russia in BondageRussians in vassalage to Golden HordeCommerce benefits
Moscow thrivesMetropolitan head of Orthodox churchLeads Russian resistance to Mongol
Kulikova, 1380Golden Horde defeated
Chapter 19: The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. The Mongol Drive to the West
B. Mongol Incursions and the Retreat from Europe
Hungary, 1240Death of Ogedei
Batu retreats
C. The Mongol Assault on the Islamic Heartlands
HuleguGrandson of Chinggis KhanIlkhanWest to Mesopotamia, north Africa1258, Baghdad sacked1260, stopped by Baibars
Egyptian Mamluks
Chapter 19: The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. The Mongol Interlude in Chinese History
Ogedei renews attack on ChinaKubilai KhanGrandson of Chinggis KhanAttacks Song1271, transformation to Yuan dynastyCapital at Tatu (Beijing)
A. Gender Roles and the Convergence of Mongol and Chinese Culture
Mongol women retain libertiesChabi, wife of Kubilai, influential
B. Mongol Tolerance and Foreign Cultural Influence
Mongol patronageAttracts scholars, artists
Religious tolerationBuddhists, Nestorians, Latin Christians,
Daoists, Muslims
Marco PoloVisits court
Chapter 19: The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. The Mongol Interlude in Chinese History
C. Social Policies and Scholar-Gentry Resistance
Ethnic Chinese resistEspecially scholar-gentryKubilaiProtects peasant landsFamine reliefTax, labor burden lessened
D. The Fall of the House of Yuan
Death of KubilaiDynasty already weakenedSong revolt
1274, 1280, Japan attackedFailure
By 1350s, territory lost
Ju YanzhangFounds Ming dynasty
Chapter 19: The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. The Mongol Interlude in Chinese History
E. Aftershock: The Brief Ride of Timur
Timur-i Lang (Tamerlane)TurkishBase at Samarkand
1360s, conquestsPersia, Fertile Crescent, India,
Russia
1405, deathEmpire dissolvesEnd of steppe nomad conquests