14 -- new definition of unemployment

8/12/2019 14 -- New Definition of Unemployment

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1 / Officer-in-Charge and Chief Labor and Employment Officer, respectively, Bureau of Labor and EmploymentStatistics, epartment of Labor and Employment!t($ :past ?uart$r : r$'$r$%#$ p$riod i% 13@9, o%l" to r$)$rt a#k to :past &$$k; i% 134@. $ alsostart$d out #o)$ri%g t($ $#o%omi#all" a#ti)$ populatio% at ag$ 10 ut s(i't$d to #o)$r t($ 15"$ars old a%d o)$r &($% t($ (ilippi%$ a or !od$ o' 13@8 s$t t($ mi%imum $mplo"a l$ ag$ at15 "$ars. % 134@, t($ Natio%al tatisti#s ''i#$ *N us$d a %$& ?u$stio%%air$ d$sig% a%d

adopt$d modi'i#atio%s i% t($ #o%#$pts a%d d$'i%itio%s 'or m$asuri%g la or 'or#$ a%d $mplo"m$%t#(ara#t$risti#s as$d o% t($ past &$$k r$'$r$%#$ p$riod.

% its #to $r 18, 2007 m$mora%dum, t($ ''i#$ o' t($ r$sid$%t (as i%stru#t$d t($Natio%al tatisti#al !oordi%atio% Board *N !B to r$)i$& t($ $-isti%g #o%#$pt o' u%$mplo"m$%t)is= =)is t($ d$'i%itio% pr$s#ri $d " t($ . % li%$ &it( t(is i%stru#tio%, t($ N , Bur$au o'

a or a%d Emplo"m$%t tatisti#s *B E a%d t($ N !B 6$#(%i#al ta'', i% #o%sultatio% &it( t($%t$r=Ag$%#" !ommitt$$ o% a or, %#om$ a%d rodu#ti)it" tatisti#s * A!= , s$t out a

s$ri$s o' m$$ti%gs to r$)i$& a%d dis#uss t($ issu$s o% $-isti%g d$'i%itio%, i%#ludi%g t($?u$stio%%air$ 'or t($ F . Fi%di%gs o' t($ group r$)i$& i%di#at$ t(at t($ $-isti%g d$'i%itio% isg$%$rall" #o%sist$%t &it( t($ i%t$r%atio%al sta%dards, $-#$pt 'or t($ $-#lusio% o' t($ a)aila ilit"#rit$rio%.

6($ d$tail$d 'i%di%gs a%d r$#omm$%datio%s o' t($ group &$r$ pr$s$%t$d to t($ N !BE-$#uti)$ Board, a't$r &(i#( t($ latt$r appro)$d t($ propos$d a#tio% pla% 'or t($ r$)isio% o' t($u%$mplo"m$%t d$'i%itio% t(at i%#lud$d t($ 'ollo&i%g a#ti)iti$sC *1 r$)isio% a%d pr$=t$sti%g o' t($

F ?u$stio%%air$ &it( additio%al it$ms to t$st t($ us$ o' a)aila ilit" #rit$rio% a%d t($ r$'i%$m$%to' t($ d$'i%itio% o' dis#ourag$d &ork$rs *2 pro#$ssi%g a%d a%al"sis o' t($ pr$t$st r$sults a%d*7 #o%sultatio% &it( la or $-p$rts. A pr$t$st o' t($ r$)is$d ?u$stio%%air$ &as #arri$d out "N , &it( 'u%di%g assista%#$ 'rom t($ , i% Ma" 2008 i% 'our barangays *t(r$$ ur a% a%d o%$rural i% agu%a pro)i%#$, #o)$ri%g 372 sampl$ (ous$(olds &it( a total o' 8,@81 (ous$(oldm$m $rs.

t s(ould $ poi%t$d out t(at t($ mo)$ to #o%'orm to t($ i%t$r%atio%al sta%dard d$'i%itio%

&as i%itiat$d si%#$ t($ lat$ 1340 s " t($ D$partm$%t o' a or a%d Emplo"m$%t. 6(is &as parto' a &id$r s$t o' r$#omm$%datio%s t(at aim$d to impro)$ t($ us$'ul%$ss o' t($ F . 6($r$#omm$%datio% &as a#k$d up " a% $mpiri#al stud" &(i#( #o)$r$d t(r$$ *7 pro)i%#$s i%R$gio% . All sampl$ (ous$(olds o' F i% Misamis ri$%tal, Bukid%o% a%d !amigui% &$r$tak$% as r$spo%d$%ts. !o%du#t$d oi%tl" &it( t($ N , t($ sur)$" #ompris$d @00 (ous$(oldsa%d #o)$r$d som$ 7,87@ r$spo%d$%ts. Mor$o)$r, t&o *2 #o%sultatio% m$$ti%gs &it( la orgroups, $mplo"$rs, go)$r%m$%t a%d a#ad$m$ &$r$ ($ld to soli#it #omm$%ts a%dr$#omm$%datio%s tot $( propos$d r$s$ar#(, o%$, $'or$ t($ #o%du#t o' t($ data 'i$ld#oll$#tio%s, a%d a%ot($r a't$r t($ i%itial r$sults &$r$ #ompl$t$d. 6($ r$#omm$%datio%s &$r$pr$s$%t$d " t($ 6$#(%i#al orki%g Group *6 G o% a or For#$ !o%#$pts u%d$r t($ t($%

%t$rag$%#" !ommitt$$ o% a or a%d Emplo"m$%t tatisti#s i% 1332 ut Natio%al tatisti#al!oordi%atio% Board *N !B E-$#uti)$ Board a#tio% &as d$'$rr$d i% li$u o' t($ $?uall" importa%t

issu$s o% po)$rt" statisti#s $i%g d$)$lop$d duri%g t(at tim$. N$)$rt($l$ss, t($ ot($r s$ts o'r$#omm$%datio%s appro)$d " t($ E-$#uti)$ Board &$r$ t($ s(i't o' r$'$r$%#$ p$riod 'rom:past ?uart$r; to :past &$$k;, t($ d$'i%itio% o' u%d$r$mplo"m$%t a%d t($ $-pa%sio% o' s#op$ o'&ork.

D$spit$ t($ d$'$rm$%t, t($ N pro#$$d$d to i%#lud$ a% i%?uir" it$m o% :a)aila l$ 'or&ork; i% t($ F ?u$stio%%air$ i% a%ti#ipatio% o' t($ #(a%g$ i% o''i#ial d$'i%itio% o'u%$mplo"m$%t. As o' dat$, t($ N (as pu lis($d a #omparati)$ data s$ri$s *134@ = 2008 o%t($ #urr$%t d$'i%itio% a%d t($ i%t$r%atio%al sta%dards d$'i%itio%.

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I. Mea08ri2; U2e6/:4>6e2t

+%$mplo"m$%t is t($ total la#k o' &ork at a gi)$% poi%t i% tim$. t is a situatio% o' t(os$p$rso%s &(o &a%t &ork a%d ar$ a l$ to tak$ suita l$ o s ut #a%%ot 'i%d t($m. +%$mplo"m$%t#ompl$m$%ts t($ m$asur$m$%t o' $mplo"m$%t. 6($ t&o #o%#$pts tog$t($r mak$ up t($#ou%tr" s la or 'or#$ or suppl" o' la or.

+%$mplo"m$%t is part o' t($ o)$rall m$asur$m$%t o' a #ou%tr" s $#o%omi#all" a#ti)$populatio%, &(i#( is as$d o% a 'ram$&ork k%o&% as t($ : a or For#$ Approa#(;. %trodu#$dduri%g t($ si-t( %t$r%atio%al !o%'$r$%#$ o' a or tatisti#ia%s * ! , 138@ , t(is approa#(#lassi'i$s at a%" gi)$% mom$%t, t($ populatio% a o)$ a sp$#i'i$d mi%imum ag$ i%to t(r$$mutuall" $-#lusi)$ a%d $-(austi)$ #at$gori$s, %am$l"C *1 $mplo"$d p$rso%s; *2 :u%$mplo"$dp$rso%s; *&(i#( tog$t($r #ompris$d t($ $#o%omi#all" a#ti)$ populatio% or la or 'or#$ a%d *7:p$rso%s %ot i% t($ la or 'or#$; *$#o%omi#all" i%a#ti)$ .

6($ u%$mplo"m$%t rat$ o' a #ou%tr" simpl" t$lls us t($ proportio% o' t($ la or 'or#$ t(atdo$s %ot (a)$ a o ut is a)aila l$ a%d a#tuall" looki%g 'or &ork, or a m$asur$ o' t($ #ou%tr" su%utili $d la or suppl".

A. The I2ter2ati42a: Sta2dard De3i2iti42

6($ $-isti%g i%t$r%atio%al sta%dard m$asur$m$%t o' u%$mplo"m$%t is $m odi$d i%R$solutio% No. 1 Concerning Statistics of the Econo ically !cti"e #o$ulation, E $loy ent,%ne $loy ent an& %n&ere $loy ent &(i#( &as adopt$d duri%g t($ 17 t( %t$r%atio%al!o%'$r$%#$ o' a or tatisti#ia%s * ! ($ld at G$%$)a &it $rla%d i% 1342.

6($ R$solutio% d$'i%$s t($ :u%$mplo"$d; to #ompris$ all p$rso%s a o)$ a sp$#i'i$d ag$

&(o satis'i$d simulta%$ousl" t($ 'ollo&i%g t(r$$ #rit$riaC

*a . :&it(out &ork;, i.$. &$r$ %ot i% paid $mplo"m$%t or s$l'=$mplo"m$%t as sp$#i'i$d " t($i%t$r%atio%al d$'i%itio% o' $mplo"m$%t

* . :#urr$%tl" a)aila l$ 'or &ork;, i.$. &$r$ a)aila l$ 'or paid $mplo"m$%t or s$l'=$mplo"m$%tduri%g t($ r$'$r$%#$ p$riod a%d

*# . :s$$ki%g &ork;, i.$. (ad tak$% sp$#i'i# st$ps i% a sp$#i'i$d r$#$%t p$riod to s$$k paid$mplo"m$%t or s$l'=$mplo"m$%t

it(out ork

it(out &ork is r$gard$d as a situatio% o' total la#k o' &ork at gi)$% poi%t i% tim$ or %ot(a)i%g $$% $mplo"$d i% paid $mplo"m$%t or s$l'=$mplo"m$%t duri%g t($ r$'$r$%#$ p$riod.

C8rre2t:> Avai:a=:e 34r W4r@

Thi0 5riteri42 0i6/:> 6ea20 that a /er042 0h48:d =e avai:a=:e 34r 4r@ d8ri2; there3ere25e /eri4d, i.e., ;ive2 a 4r@ 4//4rt82it> a /er042 0h48:d =e a=:e a2d read> t4

4r@. O2e /8r/40e 43 the avai:a=i:it> 5riteri42 i0 t4 e 5:8de /er0420 h4 are 0ee@i2;

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4r@ t4 =e;i2 at :ater date 085h a0 0t8de2t0 :44@i2; 34r 4r@ a3ter ;rad8ati42 4r h45a224t ta@e 8/ 4r@ d8e t4 5ertai2 i6/edi6e2t0 085h a0 3a6i:> re0/420i=i:itie0, i::2e00,et5. Here, the avai:a=i:it> 5riteri42 0erve0 a0 a te0t 43 the /er042 0 58rre2t readi2e00 4r

i::i2;2e00 t4 0tart 4r ta@e 8/ 4r@.

$$ki%g ork

$$ki%g &ork is d$'i%$d as (a)i%g tak$% sp$#i'i# st$ps i% a sp$#i'i$d r$#$%t p$riod tos$$k paid $mplo"m$%t or s$l'=$mplo"m$%t. 6(is m$a%s t(at a p$rso% must (a)$ a#tuall" do%$som$t(i%g sp$#i'i# to o tai% &ork su#( as i% t($ #as$ o' t(os$ looki%g 'or paid $mplo"m$%t,r$gistratio% at a pu li# or pri)at$ $mplo"m$%t $-#(a%g$ appli#atio% to $mplo"$rs #($#ki%g at&orksit$s, 'arms, 'a#tor" gat$s, mark$ts or ot($r ass$m l" pla#$s pla#i%g or a%s&$ri%g%$&spap$r ad)$rtis$m$%ts s$$ki%g assista%#$ o' 'ri$%ds or r$lati)$s. A%d i% t($ #as$ o' t(os$s$$ki%g s$l'=$mplo"m$%t, t(is r$'$rs to su#( a#ti)iti$s as looki%g 'or la%d, uildi%g ma#(i%$r" or$?uipm$%t to $sta lis( o&% $%t$rpris$ looki%g 'or #li$%ts or ord$rs or arra%gi%g 'or 'i%a%#ialr$sour#$s appl"i%g 'or p$rmits a%d li#$%s$s, $t#.

$$ki%g &ork is $ss$%tiall" a pro#$ss o' s$ar#( 'or i%'ormatio% i% t($ la or mark$t. 6(isis parti#ularl" m$a%i%g'ul 'or d$)$lop$d #ou%tri$s &($r$ t($ la or mark$t is orga%i $d, m$a%i%gt(at t($ la or mark$t is larg$l" ori$%t$d to paid $mplo"m$%t a%d la or mark$t i%'ormatio% * M$-ists a%d is &id$l" us$d. 6(is ma" %ot $ t($ #as$ 'or most d$)$lopi%g #ou%tri$s. 6(is #rit$rio%is som$&(at r$stri#ti)$ a%d ma" %ot 'ull" #aptur$ t($ pr$)aili%g situatio%s i% most #ou%tri$s.

For t(is, t($ 1342 i%t$r%atio%al sta%dards i%trodu#$d a pro)isio% t(at allo&s 'or t($r$la-atio% o' t($ s$$ki%g &ork #rit$rio% i% #$rtai% situatio%s. ($% la or mark$t is limit$d oru%orga%i $d, la or a sorptio% is i%ad$?uat$ or la or 'or#$ is larg$l" s$l'=$mplo"$d. 6($r$la-atio% ma" $ partial or #ompl$t$. 6($ (ilippi%$s opt$d 'or t($ partial r$latio%s o' s$$ki%g&ork. 6(is r$la-atio% appli$s to #$rtai% groups o' p$rso%s &(o ar$ %ot s$$ki%g &ork du$ toparti#ular r$aso%s su#( as dis#ourag$d &ork$rs, t$mporar" ill or disa l$d, ad &$at($r, &aiti%g'or r$sults o' o appli#atio%, a&aiti%g o r$#all.

B.'. The C8rre2t Phi:i//i2e De3i2iti42

As i% most #ou%tri$s, t($ (ilippi%$ u%$mplo"m$%t statisti#s ar$ #oll$#t$d " t($ Nt(roug( t($ a or For#$ ur)$" * F . 6(is is a %atio%&id$ sur)$" o' 51,000 sampl$(ous$(olds #o%du#t$d $)$r" 'irst mo%t( o' t($ ?uart$r, i.$., a%uar", April, ul" a%d #to $r.

6($ F d$'i%$s t($ u%$mplo"$d p$rso%s as all t(os$ &(o duri%g t($ r$'$r$%#$ p$riodare '( years ol& an& o"er as of their last birth&ay )ho ha"e no *obs+businesses an& are acti"elylooking for )ork, as )ell as those $ersons $artial rela-ation )ithout *obs or businesses )hoare re$orte& not looking for )ork because of their belief that no )ork )as a"ailable or becauseof te $orary illness+&isability, ba& )eather, $en&ing *ob a$$lication or )aiting for *ob recall. As

poi%t$d out $arli$r, t($ d$'i%itio% g$%$rall" 'ollo&s t($ i%t$r%atio%al sta%dard d$'i%itio% $-#$pt 'ort($ $-#lusio% o' t($ a)aila ilit" #rit$rio%.

B.$. The Ne O33i5ia: De3i2iti42

6(roug( N !B R$solutio% No. 15, s$ri$s o' 2008, t($ Board (as appro)$d 'or adoptio%" #o%#$r%$d go)$r%m$%t ag$%#i$s a%d i%strum$%taliti$s, t($ r$)is$d #o%#$pt o'

u%$mplo"m$%t, &(i#( pr$s#ri $s t($ adoptio% o' t($ a)aila ilit" #rit$rio% i% additio% to t($ t&o#rit$ria i%#lud$d i% t($ old d$'i%itio%, &it( all t(r$$ to $ satis'i$d simulta%$ousl", &it( a%

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$-t$%d$d a)aila ilit" p$riod, a%d &it( partial r$la-atio% o' t($ s$$ki%g &ork #rit$rio% to $r$tai%$d 'or p$rso%s &it(out &ork a%d #urr$%tl" a)aila l$ 'or &ork, ut %ot s$$ki%g &ork du$ to'i)$ parti#ular r$aso%s, a%d &it( ?uali'i#atio% o% t($ l$%gt( o' t($ o s$ar#( p$riod o' t($dis#ourag$d &ork$rs. p$#i'i#all", t($ %$& o''i#ial d$'i%itio% o' t($ u%$mplo"$d is as 'ollo&sC

6($ u%$mplo"$d i%#lud$ all p$rso%s &(o ar$ 15 "$ars old a%d o)$r as o' t($ir lastirt(da" a%d ar$ r$port$d asC

*1 &it(out &ork , i.$., (ad %o o or usi%$ss duri%g t($ asi# sur)$" r$'$r$%#$ p$rioda%d

*2 #urr$%tl" a)aila l$ 'or &ork , i.$., &$r$ a)aila l$ a%d &illi%g to tak$ up &ork i% paid$mplo"m$%t or s$l'=$mplo"m$%t duri%g t($ asi# sur)$" r$'$r$%#$ p$riod, a%d/ors$l'=$mplo"m$%t &it(i% t&o &$$ks a't$r t($ i%t$r)i$& dat$ a%d

*7 s$$ki%g &ork , i.$., (ad tak$% sp$#i'i# st$ps to look 'or a o or $sta lis( a usi%$ssduri%g t($ asi# sur)$" r$'$r$%#$ p$riod or %ot s$$ki%g &ork du$ to t($ 'ollo&i%gr$aso%sC *a tir$d/ $li$)$ %o &ork a)aila l$, i.$., t($ dis#ourag$ &ork$rs &(o (ad

$$% looki%g 'or &ork &it(i% t($ last si- mo%t(s prior to t($ i%t$r)i$& dat$ *a&aiti%g r$sults o' pr$)ious o appli#atio% *# t$mporar" ill%$ss/disa ilit" *d ad&$at($r a%d *$ &aiti%g 'or r$(ir$/ o r$#all.

p$ratio%all", t($ u%$mplo"$d &ill $ d$t$rmi%$d t(roug( a s$ri$s o' ?u$stio%s ass(o&% i% t($ atta#($d 'lo(art.

6($ adoptio% a%d 'ull impl$m$%tatio% o' t($ r$)is$d u%$mplo"m$%t #o%#$pt &ill start&it( t($ April 2005 rou%d o' t($ F . 6($ R$solutio% also pro)id$s 'or t($ g$%$ratio% o' aparall$l s$ri$s o% u%$mplo"m$%t as$d o% t($ old a%d t($ %$& d$'i%itio%s 'or a p$riod o' o%$"$ar a%d #o%ti%uatio% o' t($ %$& u%$mplo"m$%t s$ri$s t($r$a't$r. t also dir$#t$d t($ tatisti#alR$s$ar#( a%d 6rai%i%g !$%t$r * R6! to #o%du#t i%'ormatio% diss$mi%atio% a#ti)iti$s o% t($

%$& o''i#ial d$'i%itio% o' u%$mplo"m$%t i% #oordi%atio% &it( N , N !B a%d D E.

C. C46/ari0420 43 the O:d a2d Ne O33i5ia: De3i2iti42 43 U2e6/:4>6e2t

As t($ matri- $lo& sugg$st, t($ %$& o''i#ial d$'i%itio% di''$rs &it( t($ old o% t&o #ou%ts.First, t($ i%#lusio% o' a)aila ilit" 'or &ork #rit$rio% a%d s$#o%d t($ $-#lusio% o' dis#ourag$d&ork$rs &(o (a)$ %ot look$d 'or &ork 'or mor$ t(a% si- mo%t(s.

Criteri42 O:d De3i2iti42 Ne De3i2iti421. it(out &ork %#lud$d %#lud$d

2. !urr$%tl" a)aila l$ 'or &ork Not %#lud$d%#lud$d

*i% t($ asi# r$'$r$%#$ p$riod or &it(i% t&o

&$$ks a't$r i%t$r)i$& dat$7. $$ki%g &ork or %ot s$$ki%g

&ork du$ to t($ 'ollo&i%gr$aso%sC

%#lud$d %#lud$d

a. tir$d/ $li$)$ %o &orka)aila l$

%#lud$d*%o sp$#i'i#atio% o% l$%gt( o' o

s$ar#(

%#lud$d*(a)$ look$d 'or &ork &it(i% t($ last 9 mo%t(s

prior to i%t$r)i$& dat$. a&aiti%g r$sults o' pr$)ious

o appli#atio% %#lud$d %#lud$d

#. t$mporar" ill%$ss/disa ilit" %#lud$d %#lud$d

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Flowchart for Identifying the Unemployed

-Philippine New Official Definition-

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II. The I6/:i5ati420 43 the Ne De3i2iti42 43 U2e6/:4>6e2t B$#aus$ a %um $r o' t($ u%$mplo"$d, sp$#i'i#all" t($ dis#ourag$d &ork$rs &(o (a)$

%ot $$% looki%g 'or &ork 'or t($ past si- mo%t(s ma" %o& $ #o%sid$r$d as %ot i% t($ la or'or#$, u%$mplo"m$%t ot( i% l$)$l a%d rat$ &ill $ par$d do&%. !o%s$?u$%tl", t(isr$#lassi'i#atio% i% $mplo"m$%t status *'rom une $loye& to not in the labor force &ill lik$&is$l$ad to a r$du#tio% i% t($ si $ o' t($ la or 'or#$ a%d #o%s$?u$%tl" i% t($ la or 'or#$ parti#ipatio%rat$ * F R . % t($ ot($r (a%d, data o% $mplo"m$%t a%d u%d$r$mplo"m$%t &ill %ot #(a%g$.

e> La=4r Mar@et Stati0ti50Ja28ar> $77*

INDICATORCurrentOfficial

Definition

ILOConcept Difference

Household Population 15 Years Oldand Over (000) 53,975 53,975

-

Labor or!e (000) 35,""# 3#,110 $1,55#%&plo'ed (000) 31,"3# 31,"3# -

ne&plo'ed (000) #,030 ,#7" $155#*ot in the Labor or!e (000) 1+,311 19,+"5 1,55#Labor or!e Parti!ipation -ate (.) ""/1 "3/ $ /9

ne&plo'&ent -ate (.) 11/3 7/3 $#/0Source: National Statistics Office, Labor Force Survey.

t s(ould $ poi%t$d out (o&$)$r t(at t($ a o)$ 'igur$s ar$ $stimat$s mad$ 'rom ru%s "t($ N usi%g t($ old F ?u$stio%%air$. 6($ tim$ 'ram$ 'or t($ a)aila ilit" ?u$stio% *last &$$kor &it(i% t&o &$$ks a%d 'or t($ dis#ourag$d &ork$rs *si- mo%t(s or l$ss #ould %ot $

as#$rtai%$d usi%g t($ old i%strum$%t, a%d it #ould (a)$ a% $''$#t o% t($ mag%itud$ o' di''$r$%#$.

A r$du#tio% i% F R a%d t($ i%#r$as$ i% $#o%omi#all" i%a#ti)$ p$rso%s r$'l$#t a sluggis(la or mark$t t(at &ould i%di#at$ &it(dra&al o' p$rso%s 'rom t($ la or 'or#$ $#aus$ p$opl$ ar$l$ss optimisti# o' t($ir #(a%#$s o' 'i%di%g o s.

6($ id$al situatio% is 'or t($ r$du#tio% i% u%$mplo"m$%t rat$ is a##ompa%i$d " a#o%sta%t F R or a% i%#r$as$ i% F R. Bot( situatio%s i%di#at$ a% impro)$d la or mark$tp$r'orma%#$. First, $#aus$ a ris$ i% F R impli$s t(at p$opl$ ar$ mor$ up $at o% t($iroutlook o' t($ la or mark$t a%d t($ $#o%om" i% g$%$ral. 6(is positi)$ p$r#$ptio% i%)it$s mor$p$opl$ to look 'or o s i% t($ la or mark$t. $#o%d, t(is optimism is )alidat$d " mor$ p$opl$'i%di%g o s t(at r$sult i% lo&$r u%$mplo"m$%t.

(il$ t($ u%$mplo"m$%t rat$ ma" $ #o%sid$r$d as t($ si%gl$, most i%'ormati)$ la ormark$t i%di#ator, it s(ould %ot $ i%t$rpr$t$d as a m$asur$ o' $#o%omi# (ards(ip or &$ll= $i%g.Rat($r, it s(ould $ mo%itor$d alo%g &it( t($ ot($r $#o%omi# a%d so#ial poli#" o $#ti)$s, su#(as lo& i%'latio%, po)$rt" r$du#tio% a%d sustai%a l$ ala%#$ o' pa"m$%t situatio%. For i%sta%#$,t($ u%$mplo"m$%t rat$s ar$ lo&$st i% l$ss d$)$lop$d r$gio%s i% t($ #ou%tr" su#( as i% R$gio% a%d ARMM a%d (ig($st i% N!R a%d R$gio% J=A. +si%g t(is 'igur$ s(ould %ot l$ad us to i%#lud$t(at t($ 'orm$r r$gio%s ar$ $tt$r o'' t(a% t($ latt$r.

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M$a%&(il$, t($ stud" o' sp$#ial su groups a%d t($ d$mograp(i# #(ara#t$risti#s o' t($u%$mplo"$d s(ould l$ad to t($ d$)$lopm$%t o' a mor$ 'o#us$d $mplo"m$%t programs 'or t($s$su groups, t(us optimi i%g r$sour#$ allo#atio%.

(il$ u%$mplo"m$%t is a )ital #o%#$r%, it is importa%t o%l" 'or "ou%g &ork$rs a%d itdo$s% t s(o& $)$r"t(i%g. oli#" mak$rs a%d data us$rs s(ould look $"o%d u%$mplo"m$%t a%d'o#us o% ot($r dim$%sio%s o' $mplo"m$%t pro l$ms. For$most amo%g t($s$ is t($ i%#id$%#$ o'u%d$r$mplo"m$%t &(i#( is a mor$ s$rious pro l$m i% t($ (ilippi%$ la or mark$t as it #utsa#ross ag$ groups a''$#ts mor$ t($ l$ss $du#at$d a%d ($ads o' t($ 'amil" a%d is mor$ t(a%t&i#$ t($ mag%itud$ o' u%$mplo"$d.

)$r$mplo"m$%t is a%ot($r dim$%sio% &(i#( r$'$rs to t(os$ &(o &ork lo%g (ours i% o s &(i#( pro)id$ )$r" lo& $ar%i%gs a%d produ#ti)it". % top o' t($s$ is t($ pro l$m o' : o't$mplo"m$%t;. 6(is r$'$rs to l$ss :d$#$%t; $mplo"m$%t or t(os$ o s &(i#( pro)id$s %o s$#urit"o' t$%ur$, %o so#ial s$#urit" $%$'its a%d )$r" limit$d rig(ts 'or &ork$rs ot( i% t$rms o'parti#ipatio% i% d$#isio% maki%g a%d t($ rig(ts to orga%i $d. Apart 'orm u%$mplo"m$%t is its:(alo; su#( as t($ pro l$ms o' *1 #(ild la or *%ot #aptur$d i% t($ la or 'or#$ sur)$" , *2 oldag$ &it(out p$%sio% a%d *7 '$mal$ &ork$rs &it( "ou%g #(ildr$%.

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REFERENCES

Hussma%%s, R. M$(ra%, F. a%d J$rma, J. 1330. Sur"eys of Econo ically !cti"e #o$ulation,E $loy ent, %ne $loy ent an& %n&ere $loy ent: !n ILO /anual on Conce$tsan& /etho&s . , G$%$)a

%t$r%atio%al a or ''i#$ * . 1342. :R$solutio% #o%#$r%i%g statisti#s o' t($ $#o%omi#all"a#ti)$ populatio%, $mplo"m$%t, u%$mplo"m$%t a%d u%d$r$mplo"m$%t, adopt$d "t($ 6(irt$$%t( i%t$r%atio%al !o%'$r$%#$ o' a or tatisti#ia%s * #to $r 1342 ; i%Current International eco en&ations on Labour Statistics 1344 $ditio%*G$%$)a , pp. 8@=54.

KKKKKKKKKKK1345. :R$#omm$%datio% #o%#$r%i%g la our statisti#s, 1345 *No. 1@0 , adopt$d "t($ %t$r%atio%al a our !o%'$r$%#$; i% Current International eco en&ationson Labour Statistics 1344 $ditio% *G$%$)a , pp.@=10.

KKKKKKKKKKK 2002.1ey In&icators of the Labor /arket 200' 2002 , *G$%$)a .

KKKKKKKKKKK2005. a orstaC our#$s a%d M$t(ods o' a our tatisti#s. (ttpC//la orsta.ilo.org 02/19/2005 L 02/0@/2005.

%t$r%atio%al Mo%$tar" Fu%d * MF . 2005. Diss$mi%atio% ta%dards Bull$ti% Board.(ttpC//ds .im'.org/Appli#atio%s/&$ / as$pag$smr$port/str#od$ ARGOstr#at +M

Natio%al tatisti#al !oordi%atio% Board *N !B . 2005. R$solutio% No. 15, s$ri$s o' 2008,

!&o$tion of a e) Official 4efinition of %ne $loy ent. Makati !it", (ilippi%$s.

Natio%al tatisti#s ''i#$ *N . 2007. (ilippi%$ P$ar ook, Ma%ila, (ilippi%$s.

KKKKKKKKKKKK. 2005. (ilippi%$ a or For#$ ur)$" a%uar" 2005 * r$limi%ar" R$sults ,Ma%ila, (ilippi%$s.

+%it$d Natio%s *+N . 2002. +%it$d Natio%s tatisti#s Di)isio% 5un&a ental #rinci$les of OfficialStatistics . E-tra#t 'rom t($ r$port o' t($ tatisti#al !ommissio% o% its p$#ial

$ssio%, ($ld i% N$& Pork 11=18 April 1338. ''i#ial R$#ords o' t($ E#o%omi# a%do#ial !ou%#il, 1338, uppl$m$%t No. 3.

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14 -- new definition of unemployment

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