1.4 biologists’ tools and technology key concept technology continually changes the way biologists...
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1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
KEY CONCEPTTechnology continually changes the way biologists work.
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1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
• SC.912.L.14.4 Compare and contrast structure and function of various types of microscopes. (MODERATE)
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1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
Light Microscope
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1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
Imaging technologies provide new views of life.
• A microscope provides an enlarged image of an object.
stoma
• Light microscopes (LM) • Light and lenses used to magnify specimens• limited magnification• can be used to study living specimens • shows a two-dimensional image of a specimen. • Shows actual color of the specimen.
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1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
Scanning Electron Microscopes
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1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
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Scanning electron microscopes (SEM)–Deflection of electrons used to magnify specimens; provides high magnification and a–three-dimensional black-and-white image that can be colored by computer–cannot be used to study living specimen
Imaging technologies provide new views of life.
SEM magnification 1500X
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1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
Transmission Electron Microscope
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1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
Transmission electron microscopes (TEM)–Electrons passing through a specimen used to magnify specimen; –provides high magnification –two-dimensional black-and-white image that can be colored by computer –cannot be used to
study living specimensstoma
Imaging technologies provide new views of life.
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1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
• Animated biology – look at the three types of microscopes.
Quick Lab- Life under a microscope.
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1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
• Imaging technology is used in medicine.
– X-ray images– X-rays passing through
tissues used to show
dense materials (bones,
teeth)
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1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
– magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
– Magnetic field used to show all tissues, including soft tissues such as tendons and
ligaments
• Imaging technology is used in medicine.
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1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
Functional MRI (fMRI)–Magnetic field that can be used to shown activity in particular brain regions while a subject is performing a task
• Imaging technology is used in medicine.
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1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
Complex systems are modeled on computers.
• Computer models are used to study systems that cannot be studied directly.– heart attacks
– effect of medicines on the human body
– movement of water molecules into and out of a cell
– spread of a disease through a population
• Computer models are used when experiments are not safe, ethical, or practical.
Normal heartbeat
Heart attack
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1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
The tools of molecular genetics give rise to new biological studies.
• A gene is a segment of DNA that stores genetic information.
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1.4 Biologists’ Tools and Technology
• Through our understanding of DNA, we can study genetics on a molecular level.
– molecular genetics
Study & manipulation of DNA at the molecular level
– genomics