BIN NG TRONG T DUY CHIN LC CA M - T GC NHN LCH S TM TT: M l quc gia sm nhn thc rt r vai tr ca Bin ng. T nm 1953, M vin tr cho Php, chim gi Vit Nam, kim ch Trung Quc, bo tr cc ng minh ca mnh chu v kim sot Bin ng. Sau khi chin tranh lnh kt thc n nay, v li ch kinh t v an ninh, M thc hin chnh sch ti can d vo Bin ng to ra mt lot cc thch thc v c hi an xen i vi Vit Nam v mt s nc. Chin lc ca M Bin ng to ra mt cuc cnh tranh dai dng cun ht s tham gia ca nhiu nc trong khu vc. T kha: Bin ng, Bin ng Vit Nam, chin lc ca M, vn Bin ng, Trung M, Vit M, lch s Bin ng, ch quyn bin o.

ABSTRACT: The United State has early awared the role of the South China Sea. Since 1953, the United State supported French to cologny Vietnam, checked Chinas power, sponsored its allies in Asia and controlled South China Sea. After the end of the Cold War to the present, due to economic benefits and security, the United States re-implemented to involve in the South China Sea issue creating a series of challenges and opportunities for Vietnam and some countries in the region. The United State strategy about the South China Sea has created a persistent competition attracted the participation of many countries in the region

1. t vn Phn ln cc cng quc trn th gii u l nhng quc gia ven bin. Song t duy chin lc ca mi nc v bin, xut pht t nhiu iu kin khc nhau khng hon ton ging nhau v nhng nhn thc chung v bin, nht l Bin ng, tt yu a n nhng hiu qu pht trin khc nhau.Cc cng quc bin, t rt lu trong lch s, lun quan nim v bin trong s gn b mt thit vi con ngi. Quan nim v bin l mt phm tr lch s, phn nh hnh vi c trng ca mi ngi cc thi i khc nhau v bin, ng thi nh hng n s pht trin ca kinh t bin, thm ch quyt nh phng hng pht trin trong tng lai ca mt dn tc v nh nc[footnoteRef:2]. Lch s pht trin ca phng Ty t s thc tnh trong quan nim v bin dn n nhng pht kin a l v i trong th k XV a ch ngha t bn chu u pht trin ln nh cao ca nhn loi. Thc tin minh chng bin c thi nghn s sng trn tri t v cng thi nghn c nn vn minh ca loi ngi. Bin c l ni cha ng nhng ngun ti nguyn thin nhin phong ph, ngun duy nht loi ngi pht trin bn vng trong th k XXI. [2: Nhng thay i trong quan nim v bin ca Trung Quc Tp ch Khai thc v qun l bin Trung Quc s 6/2009. Ti liu tham kho c bit TTXVN 30-01-2010.]

M l quc gia sm nhn thc rt r vai tr ca Bin ng. Ni y va cha nhng ngun ti nguyn to ln, mang tnh chin lc, va l ng giao thng quan trng trong hot ng hng hi quc t; ng thi l ni din ra hng lot vn thch thc nghim trng ca khu vc v th gii. 2. Bin ng trong t duy ca M trong nhng nm 50, 60 ca th k XXT nm 1950, khi a qun trc tip vo chin trng Triu Tin, M cht nhn ra rng y khng phi l v tr trng yu chu - Thi Bnh Dng, ni c th gip M thc hin m mu b ch th gii. Do , nm 1953 M nhanh chng kt thc chin tranh trn bn o Triu Tin, li nhng di chng ht sc au n cho x s kim chi, nh: chia hai min Nam - Bc Triu Tin vi hai ch chnh tr khc nhau, vi tn gi ca hai quc gia: i hn Dn Quc (Hn Quc) v Cng ha Dn ch nhn dn Triu Tin (Bc Hn). T , M quay sang y mnh vin tr cho Php, nhm th chn Php chim gi Vit Nam, kim ch Trung Quc, bo tr cc ng minh ca mnh chu (Thailand, Philippine, Nht, Hn Quc... ) v kim sot Bin ng, ca ng ra vo Thi Bnh Dng v n Dng. V tr bin o Vit Nam cn hp dn M hn khi nn khoa hc cng ngh ca M c nhng bc tin vt bc trong vic chinh phc khng gian v tr, bi nhng pht hin mi ca NASA[footnoteRef:3]. T nm 1959 NASA chp nh tri t t khng gian v phn tch nhng cu trc a cht bn trong lng t (v tri t). Nhng pht hin ca NASA v ti nguyn Bin ng cng cng c thm d tm xm lc Vit Nam ca M. iu gp phn l gii ti sao M lin tip b thua au, ph sn t chin lc ny n chin lc khc trong cuc chin tranh xm lc Vit Nam, b d lun th gii v chnh nhn dn nc M cc lc ln n, nhng vn liu lnh leo thang chin tranh, c sng c cht gia ly min Nam Vit Nam, trc tip a Hm i 7 khng ch Bin ng. [3: NASA - C quan qun tr hng khng v khng gian quc gia - National Aeronautics and Space Administration.]

3. Bin ng trong t duy chin lc ca M sau c sc du m(1973)Tnh hnh quc t t u nhng nm by mi th k XX c ghi nhn nh mt s chng xung bi cc phng thc gii quyt tranh chp phn ln u thng qua con ng i thoi. S xch li gn hn gia cc phe, cc quc gia trc y i u nh Lin X, M, cc nc Ty u. Xu th ha hon y lm du i nhng cng thng v chin tranh, xung t, mu thun v khng hong, y lui c nhng cuc leo thang i u, nhng mi e da v s dng v kh ht nhn, hn ch s e da bng n xung t ht nhn. Th gii cng c c hnh thc n nh trong th i u, i u c trt t v hp tc. Nhng chnh sch v Bin ng ca M c nhng bc iu chnh quan trng. Nguyn nhn ca s iu chnh y chnh l do cuc suy thoi kinh t th gii nghim trng nht ca na sau th k XX, bt u t c sc du m trong nhng nm 1970.S suy thoi hay cuc khng hong kinh t th gii nhng nm 1970 din ra t cuc khng hong nng lng. Khi th gii cht git mnh nhn ra rng, ngun nng lng loi ngi ang s dng ch yu l t du m, trong khi , ngun nng lng ny l hu hn, ri s cn kit. Nhn loi s i v u nu khng c nng lng du m? Cc nh my sn xut in nng s ng ca v thiu du m. Cc nh my nc phi ng ca v mt in. Cc phng tin vn chuyn nh t, my bay, tu la u ngng hot ng v thiu du m. Mi hot ng ca x hi u b ngng tr do thiu du m. T , xut hin tm trng lo u, nn khan him du th t, nhng gi du tng vt th nhiu. S tng gi du t ngt ny lm cho cc c s sn xut v cc quc gia tiu th nhiu nng lng du lm vo cnh khn n, v va khng c li nhun, va khng ngun ngoi t d tr mua du. Cc quc gia khng c tr lng du m, nn sn xut phi i mt vi nhiu bt li, thm ch c nguy c ph sn. Nhiu c s sn xut phi ng ca hoc chuyn n cc nc khc. Khng hong du m ngoi ngha tiu cc, n tc ng tch cc i vi t duy chin lc ca M v Bin ng hai kha cnh. Th nht, l va phi tm kim nng lng thay th va phi khn trng chnh phc Bin ng khai thc du kh, b sung vo ngun du m ca x Trung ng vn hu hn v s cn kit trong tng lai. Th hai, trong bi cnh cng thng v kinh t phi lm du tnh hnh chnh tr, tm kim c hi ha bnh, duy tr mt trt t tng i n nh m M c th kim sot c. Ngy 13/2/1974, ti Washington din ra hi ngh cc nc tiu th du m gm M, Nht, Canada, Nauy v chn nc trong Cng ng Chu u. Hi ngh xc nh cc bin php cp bch gim thiu mc ph thuc vo cc ngun cung cp du Arp bng cch tch tr ngun nhin liu, dn xp vic cung cp nng lng ln nhau, phi hp khai tc cc ngun nng lng v cng ngh tit kim nng lng[footnoteRef:4]. [4: Bogaturov Aleksey Demofenovich Averkov Viktor Viktorovich (2013), Lch s quan h quc t, NXB Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, tr.342.]

Cui nm 1974, ti Washington thnh lp c quan nng lng quc t (IEA)[footnoteRef:5]. Tham gia t chc ny c 13 nc (n nay c 28 nc tham gia). C quan Nng lng quc t nhm mc ch p ng vic cung cp du m, cng nh cung cp cc thng tin v s liu thng k ca th trng du quc t cng cc ngnh nng lng khc. C quan Nng lng quc t hot ng nh mt nh c vn chnh sch cho cc nc thnh vin ca mnh, v c mt vai tr ln trong vic xc tin cc ngun nng lng thay th, nng lng ti to, cc chnh sch nng lng hp l, v vic hp tc k thut hc nng lng a quc gia[footnoteRef:6]. [5: International Energy Agency, tit tt lIEA ] [6: http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki]

Trong bi cnh khng hong kinh t t cui nhng nm 70 ca th k XX, trn th gii xu th i mi, ci cch din ra kh mnh m; cuc cch mng khoa hc v cng ngh cng t c nhiu thnh tu k diu trong mi lnh vc. S pht trin ca cuc cch mng khoa hc cng ngh trn th gii cng tr thnh mt nhn t mi. Nhng thnh tu v s pht trin mnh m ca khoa hc v cng ngh lm cho lc lng sn xut c bc pht trin mi, lm thay i c cu kinh t, thc y xu th ho quc t ho i sng kinh t th gii, lm gia tng mi quan h, s tu thuc ln nhau gia cc nn kinh t trn th gii. Cng vi cuc cch mng khoa hc cng ngh, xu th ton cu ha kinh t v hi nhp kinh t quc t tc ng n tt c cc lnh vc ca i sng nh chnh tr, kinh t, x hi, giao lu vn ha Tt c nhng vn trng i nu trn tc ng su sc n t duy chin lc ca M v Bin ng. c bit hn, sau tht bi au n trn chin trng Vit Nam (1975), trong t duy chin lc ca M v vn Bin ng c phn lng du so vi trc. V Washington loi b c nhng ro cn trong vic thit lp quan h ngoi giao vi Trung Quc. Nm 1978, qun i M rt khi i Loan, quan h gia M vi i Bc t chnh thc chuyn sang khng chnh thc; v chnh quyn M tuyn b v mun hy b hip c M - i Loan nm 1954 m sau mt nm na s ht hiu lc. Thng 01/1979, ng Tiu Bnh c chuyn thm Hoa K v M - Trung thit lp quan h ngoi giao[footnoteRef:7]. [7: Bogaturov Aleksey Demofenovich Averkov Viktor Viktorovich (2013), Lch s quan h quc t, NXB Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, tr.374.]

Khi Trung Quc a qun xm lc Vit Nam nm 1979, M ra lnh cho tu su bay USS Constellation tin vo vnh Bc B nhm c th theo di chin hm ca Lin X hng vo b bin Vit Nam[footnoteRef:8]. Bn cnh , cng trong nm 1979 M v Trung Quc hp tc thnh lp Tn Cng nhng trung tm in t nhm theo di cc bi th ht nhn ca Lin X ti Mng C. Do , d lun M lo ngi cho rng, v Trung Quc m M b li ko vo cuc xung t vi Lin X, tng t nh vo nhng nm 1950. Phe Cng ha ch trch gay gt chnh sch thn Trung Quc ca Tng thng J. Carter. Gii tinh hoa ca M khng thng nht v nhng gii hn xch li gn nhau M-Trung, vt qua nhng gii hn M c th b cun vo xung t X-Trung. Washington nhn nh rng Moscow rt nhy cm vi mi e da Trung Hoa v nghing v vic tha thun vi phng Ty chng Trung Quc.[footnoteRef:9] Hn na chnh gii M cn cho rng khiu khch Lin X l tht s nguy him. Vic Lin X a qun vo Afganixtan (thng 12/1979) cho thy Moscow c kh nng i nhng nc c to bo; ng thi s lin kt M - Trung trong vic a Hng khng mu hm USS Constellation tin vo vnh Bc B uy hip Vit Nam l mt bin php y ri ro. [8: Tu sn bay USS Constellation hot ng trn khu vc rng, t ngoi khi Vit Nam n vnh Oman trn n Dng. http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/the-gioi/tu-lieu/tau-san-bay-uss-constellation-1962900.html ] [9: Bogaturov Aleksey Demofenovich Averkov Viktor Viktorovich (2013), Lch s quan h quc t, NXB Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, tr.375.]

Nh vy, k t khi kt thc cuc chin tranh xm lc Vit Nam (nm 1975) y l ln u tin M quay li Vit Nam. S hin din ca Hng khng mu hm USS Constellation ca M vnh Bc B Vit Nam vo nm 1979 chng t M cha bao gi ngui ngoai khi buc phi ri khi khu vc ny. Tuy nhin s quay li Bin ng ln ny ca M hon ton khng nm trong chin lc lu di ca M khu vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng, m nh mt i sch nht thi, lin minh[footnoteRef:10] vi Trung Quc trong chnh sch eo ui chng Lin X. Hay ni cch khc trong nhng nm 1975 1980, t duy chin lc v nhng i sch ca M v Bin ng c s l l hn so vi trc, v i tng chnh m M lun tm cch km ch khu vc Bin ng l Trung Quc, ang thn thin vi M, cng eo i chnh sch chng Lin X v Vit Nam. [10: Theo kiu quasi aliiance; ta nh lin minh, lin kt.]

Nhng cng cn ni r, hp tc M - Trung lun mang tnh hai mt. Cho nn, t nm 1980 mt mt M cung cp cho Trung Quc cng ngh sn xut hng ha chc nng kp v cc thit b qun s b tr nh phng tin lin lc, my bay vn ti nhng, mt khc, M vn gi quan h vi i Loan d l cp khng chnh thc. Nh vy ng li ca Washinhton vn tip tc t Cng ha Nhn dn Trung Hoa vo th n phng ph thuc vo M. Do , khi tho lun v vn Campuchia Lin X ha hn ch gip Vit Nam, b li M phi thuyt phc Thi Lan trc xut khi th ca mnh nhng cn c Khmer ; c M v Lin X u tranh i hi Trung Quc phi chm dt vin tr cho phe Khmer , nh vy ha bnh c lp li t nc cha Thp, tin ti bnh thng quan h X Trung nm 1989.Chnh sch t Cng ha Nhn dn Trung Hoa vo th n phng ph thuc vo M c th hin r nt trong s hp tc qun s Trung M nhm theo di cc hot ng th v kh ht nhn, tn la ca Lin X, trao i thng tin tnh bo v cc mc tiu qun s ca Lin X. Mt trong nhng bc i nhm trn an Bc Kinh l nm 1988, M dnh cho Trung Quc quy ch nc khng lin kt, hu ngh. iu ny n gin ha ht sc vic tip cn vi cng ngh phc tp cao ca Trung Quc[footnoteRef:11]. Nhng khi Trung Quc theo ui mt chnh sch y d tm, mun b ch Bin ng vi hng lot hnh ng khiu khch trong khu vc v th gii, nh xy dng ci gi l chui ngc trai mt chui cc c s chin lc chnh tr, kinh t, qun s dc theo cc tuyn giao thng trn bin t Trung ng n ng Bc ; coi Bin ng l khu vc li ch ct li[footnoteRef:12] v xy dng cn c tu ngm nguyn t Tam , thuc o Hi Nam th M nhanh chng khng nh s quay li Bin ng. [11: Bogaturov Aleksey Demofenovich Averkov Viktor Viktorovich (2013), Lch s quan h quc t, NXB Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, tr.464.] [12: Pht biu ca i Bnh Quc - y vin Quc v vin Trung Quc ti i thoi kinh t v chin lc M - Trung, thng 3/2010. Ti liu Tham kho c bit TTXVN 2010]

4. Chnh sch km ch chin lc ca M i vi vn Bin ng (2008 2013) T u k XXI cng cuc ci cch ca Trung Quc dnh c nhiu thnh tu quan trng. Nh vy, Trung Quc tng cng chi tiu quc phng lun t mc hai con s, pht trin nng lc hi qun to ra cc cng thng trong khu vc bng cch thch thc yu sch ca cc quc gia nh hn i vi cc phn ca Bin ng. Bc Kinh khng nh rng: Trung Quc c ch quyn khng th tranh ci trn Bin ng v ra sc theo ui chnh sch b ch Bin ng vi hng lot hnh ng khiu khch trong khu vc v th gii, nh xy dng ci gi l chui ngc trai, coi Bin ng l khu vc li ch ct li[footnoteRef:13] v xy dng cn c tu ngm nguyn t Tam , thuc o Hi Nam. [13: Pht biu ca i Bnh Quc Tld ]

Trc tnh hnh y, M phi thay i t duy chin lc v Bin ng, nhn nhn li tham vng ca Trung Quc khu vc ny, nht l s dy v u t qu ln ca Trung Quc vo qun s. Kh nng ny khng ch e da an ninh trong khu vc m cn nh hng trc tip s ha bnh thnh vng ca th gii, e da li ch ca cng ng quc t, vi phm nghim trng quyn t do hng hi. Do vy, gii chc M quan tm n cc vn lin quan n Bin ng v Trung Quc, th hin qua Bn phc trnh mt ca Lu nm gc - nm 2008. Bn phc trnh ca Washington dnh hn mt phn nh gi kh nng qun s ca Trung Quc, v ch r Trung Quc khng bao gi minh bch mc tiu chin lc ca qun i cng nh mc ch ca vic u n gia tng chi ph hin i ha qun lc ca mnh[footnoteRef:14]. Do vy, Bn phc trnh ch c th c on nhng c s thc tin, l gii ti sao Trung Quc lin tc tng ngn sch quc phng hng nm, c bit l lc lng hi qun. M tnh ton, t nm 2003 n nm 2007 Trung Quc l nc tiu th du m ln th hai trn th gii, l nc nhp cng du th ln th 3 trn th gii, trung bnh mi ngy tiu th 7,85 triu thng. Mc nhp khu du ca Trung Quc chim 53% lng du tiu th hng nm, a s c vn chuyn bng ng bin, u i qua Bin ng. Bn phc trnh nhn nh: y c coi l cc yt hu sinh t ca Trung Quc v nu b chn th Trung Quc s ht ng ca quy[footnoteRef:15]. [14: Vietnanes Herald - Ti liu Tham kho c bit TTXVN 07/9/2010] [15: Vietnanes Herald - Ti liu Tham kho c bit TTXVN 07/9/2010]

Bn phc trnh mt ca Lu nm gc khin cc nh lp php, hoch nh chin lc M ch . Ngy 15/7/2009, y ban i ngoi ca Thng vin M m cuc iu trn v ti tranh chp lnh hi, vn ch quyn ti ng v Bin ng, cng nhng nh hng i vi M v Vit Nam[footnoteRef:16]. Cuc iu trn cho thy M rt quan tm n hnh ng v chnh sch bnh trng ca Trung Quc khu vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng. Nhng ngi tham gia iu trn u quan tm n chng trnh hin i ha qun i ca Trung Quc, nhng i hi ch quyn ca Bc Kinh trn vng Bin ng ca Vit Nam cng nh nhng hnh ng n phng xc lp ch quyn ca h, nh chim gi mt s o trn Bin ng, bt b ng dn Vit Nam, e da cc tp on du kh nc ngoi (Anh v M). Thng ngh s Jim Webb Ch ta cuc iu trn cho rng: Nhng tranh chp ny nh hng mnh m n M v chng e da trc tip n nn ha bnh v an ninh khu vc. Trung Quc khng nhng mun bnh trng nh hng v kinh t v chnh tr, m cn mun bnh trng lnh th[footnoteRef:17]. Cronin, mt hc gi M, khng nh: Cch hnh x ca Trung Quc dang e da trc tip nhng quyn li chnh ng ca M v cc quc gia ng Nam , k c nguyn tc t do lu thng trn bin, quyn khai thc tr lng du kh di bin, vic pht trin v bn vng cc ngun ti nguyn khc di y bin v quyn nh bt c[footnoteRef:18]. [16: Do Thng ngh s Jim Webb c v ngi Vit, tng l s quan thy qun lc chin Vit Nam, sau lm B trng Hi Qun khi xng v ch ta vi t cch Ch tch Tiu ban ng Thi Bnh Dng.] [17: Vietnanes Herald - Ti liu Tham kho c bit TTXVN 07/9/2010] [18: Vietnanes Herald - Ti liu Tham kho c bit TTXVN 07/9/2010]

T nhng nhn nh trn, y ban i ngoi ca Thng vin M kt lun khng ng vi nhng i hi lnh hi ca Trung Quc v n khng ph hp vi lut php quc t, do , M s tip tc hnh ng bo v nhng li ch chnh ng ca mnh v ca ng minh ch yu bng gii php ha bnh, ng thi cng c s hin din ca M ti Bin ng Thi Bnh Dng, tip tc gi tu chin n nhng khu vc m Trung Quc ngang ngc tuyn b l vng c quyn kinh t ca h. Khng ch d lun M ln n chnh sch v hnh ng bnh trng ca Trung Quc, cc quc gia trong khu vc ng Nam cng ln ting ch trch gay gt. Chng kin vic gia tng ca Hi qun Trung Quc Bin ng Thi Bnh Dng, ng L Quang Diu, cu lnh o Singapore a ra li cnh bo cho Washington: Li ch ct li ca M i hi nc ny phi duy tr sc mnh vt tri Thi Bnh Dng T b v tr ny s gim bt vai tr ca M trn ton th gii[footnoteRef:19]. [19: i RFA 12/5/2010 Ti liu Tham kho c bit TTXVN 18/5/2010. ]

Bc xc trc nhng hnh ng qun s, tun tra p t lut bin ca Trung Quc, t nm 2009, Tng thng Barack Obama khi ng nhim k u tin ca mnh bng Hip nh Hu ngh v Hp tc ASEAN; ng thi p tr mnh m qu trnh hin i ha Hi qun Trung Quc bng cch trin khai 31 tu ngm tn cng nhanh ti Thi Bnh Dng v y nhanh chng trnh chng tu ngm[footnoteRef:20]. Ngy 24/7/2010 ca Ngoi trng M Hilary Clinton pht biu trong Hi ngh Din n Khu vc ASEAN (ARF) ln th 17 ti H Ni, tuyn b phi m bo t do hng hi trn Bin ng. [20: Navy Times, 21/7/2010]

Tuyn b ca M thng thng ph nhn tuyn b ch quyn ca Trung Quc Bin ng, khng nh s tip cn m i vi cc khng gian hng hi chung chu v vi vic tn trng lut bin quc t ca cc quc gia duyn hi trong khu vc Bin ng. ng thi, M chun b thc y cc m phn a phng gii quyt cc tuyn b ch quyn ang gy tranh ci v qun o Trng Sa. R rng Washington mun can d vo vn rc ri v phc tp Bin ng; ng thi ch r bn cht cc hnh ng hung hng ca Trung Quc trong nhng nm va qua l khng th chp nhn c. Do , Tuyn b H Ni 2010 ca M pht i nh mt tn hiu cho s ng h, ch t l v mt tinh thn, cho cc bn tranh chp khc nh Vit Nam, Phillippine; l s khch l cc nc ang i mt vi nhng hnh ng hiu chin ca Trung Quc.Tuyn b H Ni 2010 ca M ph nhn cc yu sch lnh th vi bn ng li b m Bc Kinh s dng chng minh ch quyn khng th tranh ci ca h i vi ton b Bin ng. Chnh sch ti can d ca M vo Bin ng lm cho gii cm quyn Bc Kinh bc tc, phn ng quyt lit. H co buc M c nhng toan tnh su xa v m mu li ko cc quc gia ng Nam nhm thi phng qu mc cc vn Bin ng. B Ngoi gio Trung Quc cn cnh bo Washington v vic quc t ha, a phng ha vn Bin ng.Tuyn b H Ni 2010 ca M mc d b gii cm quyn Bc Kinh phn ng quyt lit, nhng tng ng vi nhn thc quan nim a phng, ton din ca mt s nh nghin cu Trung Quc: Bt k s nhn thc c lp, tnh lng i vi bin cng nh vai tr ca bin trong s pht trin ca nh nc u l sai lm[footnoteRef:21]. [21: Nhn thc v chin lc bin ca Trung Quc Tp ch Khai thc v qun l bin Trung Quc s 6/2009. Ti liu tham kho c bit TTXVN 30-01-2010.]

Sau Tuyn b H Ni 2010 ca M, Ngoi trng M Hilary Clinton k Hip c Thn thin v Hp tc vi cc nc ASEAN, thc y mnh m cc mi quan h ca M khu vc ng Nam , tng cng s hin din ca M hiu qu hn khu vc ny. Chnh ph M cng cam kt cng c hn na mi quan h vi cc nc ASEAN. Ngy 24/9/2010 ti New York, Hi ngh thng nh cc nh lnh o ASEAN M c t chc. Tng thng Barack Obama hi m vi tm nguyn th cc nc ASEAN, hnh thnh mt tuyn b chung ku gi mt cch tip cn a phng gii quyt tranh chp Bin ng, v khng nh li s t do hng hi Bin ng v phn i vic s dng hoc e da s dng v lc ca bt k bn tranh chp no. T nm 2011 n nay M vn tch cc v khng ngng quan tm n vn Bin ng - trung tm ca cnh tranh a-chnh tr - vi mc tiu bo v li ch ca M nhm duy tr nguyn trng nhng khng nht thit phi dn n ng vi Trung Quc; M cn cng cc nc khu vc thc y cc khun kh a phng, rng buc Trung Quc vo cc tiu chun lut php quc t, qua iu chnh hnh vi ca Trung Quc[footnoteRef:22]. Ti cn bng vi chu -Thi Bnh Dng vn l hn tng trong chnh sch i ngoi ca chnh quyn Obama v rng bt k c bao nhiu im nng n ra cc ni th M vn s tip tc lm su sc cam kt di lu i vi khu vc c bit quan trng ny[footnoteRef:23]. M cam kt s tip tc thc hin ch trng b tr lc lng qun s cng nh nng cp v a dng ha cc tha thun an ninh nhm hng ti m bo cho khu vc chu -Thi Bnh Dng an ton hn, trong c vic b tr 60% hm i hi qun M ti khu vc ny vo nm 2020.

i vi cc tranh chp ti Bin ng, M cho rng y l mi e da ngy cng tng i vi ha bnh, an ninh khu vc cng nh cc li ch ca M, ng thi hi thc cc quc gia lin quan tng cng i thoi, khng s dng v lc v e da dng v lc[footnoteRef:24]. [22: Chnh sch Bin ng ca M trong quan h vi Trung Quc (2013) Bo coca Trung tm An ninh Mi ca M (CNAS) phi hp Vin Cng ngh Massachuset (MIT), Hc vin Hi chin Hoa K v Vin Nghin cu ng Nam ca Singapore - http://nghiencuubiendong.vn ] [23: http://vov.vn/The-gioi/My-thay-doi-chinh-sach-tai-can-bang-o-chau-ATBD/249797.vov] [24: http://vov.vn/The-gioi/My-thay-doi-chinh-sach-tai-can-bang-o-chau-ATBD/249797.vov]

Trong bo co Duy tr vai tr ca M: Nhng u tin cho quc phng th k XXI, thng 1/2012, Chnh ph Barack Obama nhn mnh chin lc phng th quc gia M c lin quan cht ch n Bin ng, Thi bnh Dng. Li ch kinh t va an ninh M c lin quan cht ch vi s pht trin trong khu vc ko di t Ty Thi Bnh Dng v ng ti n Dng v khu vc Nam , to ra mt lot cc thch thc v c hi an xen. Theo , trong khi qun i M s tip tc cng hin cho an ninh ton cu, tt yu chng ta s ti cn bng ti khu vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng. Mi quan h ca chng ta vi cc ng minh Chu v cc i tc ch cht c tnh quyt nh i vi n nh v tng trng trong tng lai ca khu vc. M ch trng cc mi quan h ng minh lu i, to ra nn tng sng cn cho an ninh khu vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng. M s m rng mng li hp tc vi cc i tc mi ni Chu Thi Bnh Dng m bo sc mnh v kh nng tp th bo v cc li ch chung[footnoteRef:25]. [25: Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense (1/2012), 2.]

Chnh sch quay li Bin ng, ti cn bng chin lc chu Thi Bnh Dng ca M chnh l chnh sch km ch chin lc phn nh t duy chin lc ca M i vi vn Bin ng, nhm to th cn bng quyn lc khu vc ny. T duy chin lc ny l th hin vai tr ca mt nc ln tng ng mt vai tr quan trng hng u trong vic chuyn i h thng quc t trong 65 nm qua[footnoteRef:26] theo quan im ca Nh Trng. Washington cho rng cn phi hnh ng theo t duy chin lc nhm to ra mt th gii an ton hn, n nh hn, v thnh vng hn cho ngi dn M, cc ng minh, v cc i tc trn khp th gii[footnoteRef:27]. Tuy nhin, y l mt cuc cnh tranh cn dai dng cun ht s tham gia ca nhiu nc trong khu vc. Nhng mong mun ca M vn cn pha trc, v phi i mt vi nhng tham vng to ln ca Trung Quc ti Bin ng. [26: The United States has played a leading role in transforming the international system over the past sixty-five years - US Department of Defense (2012) Defense Strategy: Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense] [27: the United States has created a safer, more stable, and more prosperous world for the American people, our allies, and our partners around the globe - US Department of Defense (2012) Defense Strategy: Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense]

TI LIU THAM KHO1. B Ngoi giao Vit Nam Cng ha (1975), Sch Trng v Hong Sa-Trng Sa, Si Gn.2. Burchett, W. (1981), The China-Cambodia- Vietnam Triangle, Zed Press, Londres.3. Bogaturov Aleksey Demofenovich Averkov Viktor Viktorovich (2013), Lch s quan h quc t, NXB Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni.4. i RFA 12/5/2010 Ti liu Tham kho c bit TTXVN 18/5/2010. 5. Geoffrey Till (2010) Lch s tranh chp quc t Bin ng. Ti liu tham kho c bit TTXVN 17-02-2010.6. Miller, Robert Hopkins (1990), The United States and Vietnam 1787-1941, National Defense Univ. Press, Washington DC.7. Monique Chemillier Gendreau (1997), Ch quyn trn hai qun o Hong Sa v Trng Sa, Nxb Chnh tr Quc gia, H Ni.8. Navy Times, 21/7/20109. Nhiu tc gi (2009) Nhng thay i trong quan nim v bin ca Trung Quc Tp ch Khai thc v qun l bin Trung Quc s 6/2009. Ti liu tham kho c bit TTXVN 30-01-2010.10. Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense (1/2012)11. Trung tm An ninh Mi ca M (CNAS) (2013)Chnh sch Bin ng ca M trong quan h vi Trung Quc Bo coca Trung tm An ninh Mi ca M (CNAS) phi hp Vin Cng ngh Massachuset (MIT), Hc vin Hi chin Hoa K v Vin Nghin cu ng Nam ca Singapore - http://nghiencuubiendong.vn/nghien-cuu-nuoc-ngoai/2368-chinh-sach-bin-ong-ca-m-trong-quan-h-vi-trung-quc12. Thng tn x Vit Nam (2008), Chin lc bin ca Trung Quc, Ti liu tham kho s 2, H Ni.13. Thng tn x Vit Nam (2010) i thoi kinh t v chin lc M - Trung thng 3/2010, Ti liu Tham kho c bit. 14. Vietnanes Herald - Ti liu Tham kho c bit TTXVN 07/9/201015. http://vnexpress.net 16. http://vov.vn/ 17. http://tuoitreonline.vn 18. http://petrotimes.vn 19. http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki

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