Chapter 14Chapter 14

SECTION 4 – EFFECTS OF SECTION 4 – EFFECTS OF CONQUESTCONQUEST

•Small farms Small farms large estates large estates•Use of slavesUse of slaves

•Farms Farms cities cities•Decline of Roman republicDecline of Roman republic

Small FarmsSmall FarmsSmall farmers believed in hard work and Small farmers believed in hard work and

service to Rome.service to Rome.Small farms were replaced by large estates Small farms were replaced by large estates

called called latifundias.latifundias.Small farms grew wheat for food.Small farms grew wheat for food.

LatifundiasLatifundiasLatifundias produced crops, sheep, and cattle for Latifundias produced crops, sheep, and cattle for

sale at market.sale at market.Olives and grapes were also grown on these large estates.Olives and grapes were also grown on these large estates.Rome no longer grew their own wheat.Rome no longer grew their own wheat.Rome had to import wheat from Sicily and North Africa. Rome had to import wheat from Sicily and North Africa.

Reason for ChangeHannibal's invasion of Italy.Hannibal's soldiers lived off the land when they were in Italy.Roman farmers burned their fields and crops to prevent them from getting food.After the Second Punic War, the land was ruined.Small farmers did not have money to restore their land.Patricians and rich business men bought the small farms.They combined the small farms to create Latifundias.

SlaveryRome did not enslave people they conquered.

By 146 BC, this was no longer true.Romans were impressed by the wealth of Greece, Syria, and

Carthage.These places had slavery.

Romans sent thousands of prisoners to Rome as slaves.Most of the slaves lived and worked on Latifundias.

ΩFrom Farm to CityΩFarmers who sold their land could work for the new owners or move to the city.

ΩAlmost all moved to Rome.ΩThe farmers lived in wooden apartment buildings.

ΩSome of the apartment buildings were six or more stories high.ΩLiving conditions were terrible.

ΩThe aqueducts were not connected to the apartment buildings.ΩThe sewers that carried waste away were not connected.

ΩBuildings often caught fire or collapsed.ΩDiseases like typhus were common.

ΩMost farmers could not make a living in the city.ΩThe only industry was construction.

ΩMost businesses were run by slaves from Greece.ΩFarmers could get money by selling their vote to politicians.

SECTION 5SECTION 5ROMAN LEADERSHIPROMAN LEADERSHIP

The reformersThe reformersTiberius Sempronius GracchusTiberius Sempronius Gracchus

• first reformerfirst reformer• He thought _____________________________________.He thought _____________________________________.• 133 BC, _________________________________________.133 BC, _________________________________________.

• He wanted to ______________________________________.He wanted to ______________________________________.• He wanted to divide up ________________________________.He wanted to divide up ________________________________.• Tiberius Gracchus ran for a ______________________________Tiberius Gracchus ran for a ______________________________• The Senate ______________________________________________.The Senate ______________________________________________.

Gaius GracchusGaius Gracchus• In 123 BC, Gaius Gracchus _______________________________.In 123 BC, Gaius Gracchus _______________________________.

• He was the __________________ of Tiberius.He was the __________________ of Tiberius.• He wanted ____________________________________________.He wanted ____________________________________________.• He had _______________________________________________.He had _______________________________________________.• Soon _________________________________________________.Soon _________________________________________________.

• In 121 BC, _____________________________________________. In 121 BC, _____________________________________________.

The generals The generals Gaius MariusGaius Marius

107 bc – ______________________.107 bc – ______________________.11stst lower class Roman elected to high-class lower class Roman elected to high-class

supported ____________________.supported ____________________.Many of the ex-soldiers had Many of the ex-soldiers had

_______________________ _______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________

set up a ___________________________________.set up a ___________________________________. In the past, only ____________________________.In the past, only ____________________________.

Army opened ________________________Army opened ________________________Offered ______________________________.Offered ______________________________.

Major Problem = _____________________________Major Problem = _____________________________

• General Lucius Cornelius SullaGeneral Lucius Cornelius Sulla• Marius was opposed by General Lucius Cornelius Marius was opposed by General Lucius Cornelius

Sulla.Sulla.• Sulla was given a command Marius wanted.Sulla was given a command Marius wanted.

• marius tried to ________________________________.marius tried to ________________________________.• Sulla marched on Rome and seized the city.Sulla marched on Rome and seized the city.

• _____________________ broke out._____________________ broke out.• Sulla ______________________________.Sulla ______________________________.

• He killed _________________________________.He killed _________________________________.• Sulla then made himself ______________________.Sulla then made himself ______________________.• He wanted __________________________________.He wanted __________________________________.• He doubled _________________________________.He doubled _________________________________.

• He gave ______________________________.He gave ______________________________.• He weakened the power of the tribunes.He weakened the power of the tribunes.

• He stopped ____________________________________.He stopped ____________________________________.

JULIUS CAESARJULIUS CAESAR• TriumvirateTriumvirate

• In 60 Bc, ______________.In 60 Bc, ______________.• A ______________controlled Rome.A ______________controlled Rome.

• _____________________, _____________________, _____________________, and _____________________, and

_______________________ made it up._______________________ made it up.• Pompey believed in ___________________.Pompey believed in ___________________.

• Caesar believed in ______________________.Caesar believed in ______________________.• Crassus died and Pompey was murdered.Crassus died and Pompey was murdered.

• In 48 BC, _____________________. In 48 BC, _____________________.

• ConquestsConquests• 58 BC, ______________________________58 BC, ______________________________

• He built up a strong army.He built up a strong army.• He _______________________________.He _______________________________.

• In 50 BC, _____________________________ In 50 BC, _____________________________ ____________________________________.____________________________________.

• Caesar entered Rome at the head of Caesar entered Rome at the head of his army.his army.

• By 46 BC, By 46 BC, ____________________________.____________________________.

Achievements of Achievements of CaesarCaesar

Redivided state lands.Gave land to ________________________________

He began public works projects.He built ______________________________________

This gave jobs to thousands of Romans.He planned and paid

__________________________.This gave the poor and idle something to do.He __________________________________________.

It gave business people a chance to be a Senator.

He __________________________________________.He gave _____________________________________.

He adopted the ________________________, based on the ___________________________

calendar.

• Assassination of CaesarAssassination of CaesarSome Romans were afraid ________________________________.Some Romans were afraid ________________________________.

• 15 March 44 BC, ______________________________________.15 March 44 BC, ______________________________________.

End of the RepublicEnd of the Republic The Roman people turned against The Roman people turned against ____________________________________.____________________________________.

Political power passed to ____________________, Political power passed to ____________________, _______________________, and _______________________, and

_____________________________._____________________________. Mark Antony was Caesar's closest follower and Mark Antony was Caesar's closest follower and

general..general.. Octavian was ___________________________.Octavian was ___________________________.

Marcus Aemilius Lepidus one of Caesar's top Marcus Aemilius Lepidus one of Caesar's top officers.officers.

This triumvirate worked for awhile.This triumvirate worked for awhile. Fights broke out in 31 BC, Octavian had won.Fights broke out in 31 BC, Octavian had won.