1327451524_lapd swat manual

OperatiOnal Guidelines and

standardized traininG recOmmendatiOns

contents

SWAT

California POST

PO

ST2

005T

PS

-036

9.1

OperatiOnal Guidelines and

standardized traininG recOmmendatiOns

contents

SWAT

California POST

POST2005TPS-0369.1

C a l i f o r n i a C o m m i s s i o n o n P e a c e O f f i c e r S t a n d a r d s a n d T r a i n i n g

contents

cOpyriGht

n SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations

Copyright 2005 CaliforniaCommissiononPeaceOfficerStandardsandTraining(POST)

PublishedJuly2005 RevisedAugust2006

Allrightsreserved.Thispublicationmaynotbereproduced,inwholeorinpart,inanyformorbyanymeanselectronicormechanicalorbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystemnowknownorhereafterinvented,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionoftheCaliforniaCommissiononPeaceOfficerStandardsandTraining(POST),withthefollowingexception:

CalifornialawenforcementagenciesinthePOSTpeaceofficerprogramandPOST-certifiedtrainingpresentersareherebygivenpermissionbyPOSTtoreproduceanyorallofthecontentsofthismanualforinternalusewithintheiragency/school.

Allotherindividuals,privatebusinessesandcorporations,publicandprivateagenciesandcolleges,professionalassociations,andnon-POSTlawenforcementagenciesin-stateorout-of-state,mayprintordownloadthispublicationfornon-commercialuse.

Questions about this copyright information or about obtaining permission tousePOST-developedpublicationsmaybeaddressedtothePublicationsManager at publications@post ca gov

POST2005TPS-0369.1

mailto:[email protected]?subject=POST publication order&body=POST Media Distribution Center:

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the missiOn

n of the California Commission On Peace Officer Standards and Training istocontinuallyenhancetheprofessionalismofCaliforniaLawEnforcement in serving its communities

SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations

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cOmmissiOners

n Anthony W. Batts Chief,LongBeachPoliceDepartment

Ron Lowenberg Dean/Director,GoldenWestCollege

John Avila NarcoticsDetective,FresnoCounty

Lai Lai Bui Detective,SacramentoPoliceDepartment

Collene Campbell Public Member

Robert Doyle Sheriff,RiversideCounty

Bonnie Dumanis DistrictAttorney,SanDiegoCounty

Deborah Linden Chief,SanLuisObispoPoliceDepartment

Nelson Lum Sergeant,SanFranciscoPoliceDepartment

Henry Perea Councilman,CityofFresno

Laurie Smith Sheriff,SantaClaraCounty

Michael Sobek Sergeant,SanLeandroPoliceDepartment

Bill Lockyer ExOfficioMember,AttorneyGeneral’sOffice

Ken O’Brien ExecutiveDirector,POST


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acknOwledGements

n Thismanualcouldnothavebeendevelopedwithoutthecombinedeffortsofagreatnumberofdedicatedindividualsandinterestedparties.

POSTwouldliketoextenditsgratitudetothemanylawenforcementofficers,supervisors,managers,andsupportstaffwhocontributedtothesuccess of this project


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FOrewOrd

n PenalCodeSection13514.1directstheCommissiontodevelopanddisseminateguidelinesandstandardizedtrainingrecommendationsforlawenforcementofficers,supervisors,andadministrators,whoareassignedtoperform,supervise,ormanageSpecialWeaponsandTactics(SWAT).

TheoperationalguidelinesaddresslegalandpracticalissuesofSWAToperations,personnelselection,fitnessrecommendations,planning,tacticalissues,safety,after-actionevaluationofoperations,logisticalandresourceneeds,uniformandfirearmsrecommendations,riskassessment,policyconsiderations,andmulti-jurisdictionalSWAToperations.

POSTassembledover130lawenforcementpractitioners,managers,andexecutivestodeveloptheseguidelines.SWATsubjectmatterexpertsmetthroughout2004toprovideinputregardingthehighlyspecializedcomponentsofSWAToperationsandtraining.TheSWATExecutiveCommittee,comprisedoflawenforcementchiefexecutives,administrators,andSWATpractitioners,mettoreviewrecommendationsofsubcommittees.TheCaliforniaAttorneyGeneral’sBlueRibbonSWATReport2002hasbeenconsideredateachstepintheprocessandusedasaguidingdocumentindevelopingtheseoperationalguidelinesandstandardizedtrainingrecommendations.TheCommissionappreciatestheeffortsofthePOSTSpecialWeaponsandTacticscommitteememberswhodevelopedandreviewedtheguidelines.

TheseSWATguidelinesreflectrecentlawchangesandcontemporarythinkingconcerningtacticallawenforcementoperations.Theyaredeliberatelybriefandareintendedtobeelaborateduponbylawenforcementadministratorsandtrainingpresenters.

Forquestionsconcerningtheguidelines,pleasecontactTrainingProgramServicesat(916)227-4885.Forquestionsconcerningbasicorupdatetraining,pleasecontactyourareaconsultantinTrainingDeliveryat(916)227-4863orviatheRegionalMaponourwebsiteatwww.post.ca.gov

KENNEThJ.O’BRiEN ExecutiveDirector


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cOntents Foreword iv

introduction 1

1.0 DefinitionofSWAT 2

2 0 SWATTeamComponents 3

3.0 PolicyConsiderations 4

4.0 RiskAssessment 6

5 0 Planning 7

6.0 LogisticalandResourceNeeds 9

7.0 LegalandPracticalissuesofSWATOperations 10

8.0 Uniforms,Equipment,andFirearms 11

9.0 PersonnelSelection,PhysicalFitnessandCoreSkillsProficiency 12

10.0 SWATTraining 14

11.0 Multi-JurisdictionalSWATOperations 18

12.0 After-ActionEvaluation 19

13.0 SpecializedFunctionsandSupportingResources 20

Appendices

A BasicSWATTeamOperationalComponents 29

B BasicSWATCourseTopics 30

C SWATCoreCompetencies 34

D SWAT/TacticalCommanders’CourseTopics 38

E CoreCompetenciesforSWATK-9Teams 41

F BasicCrisisNegotiatorCourseRecommendedCourseTopics 42

G Crisis Negotiations Core Competencies 47

h LongRifle/ObserverTeamCourseTopicRecommendations 49

i TacticalWaterborneCoreCompetencies 52


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intrOductiOn

n Thefollowingareguidelinesandstandardizedtrainingrecommendationsformanaging,operating,andtraininglawenforcementSWATteamsintheStateofCaliforniainaccordancewithPenalCodeSection13514.1.Theintentoftheseguidelinesistoprovidehelpfulguidancetolawenforcementagenciesintheformation,oversight,operation,andtrainingofeffectiveSWATteams.Totheextentpossible,“bestpractices”havebeenidentifiedandincorporatedintotheseguidelines.WhiletheseguidelinesencouragesomedegreeofstandardizationofSWAT,itisrecognizedthatlocalconditionsandneedsvaryconsiderablyandthereforeflexibilityisaffordedagencies.TheseguidelinespayparticularattentiontotheSWATaspectsthatfocusoneffectiveness,safetyandpreventionofproblematiccriticalincidents.

NOTE:inthefollowingsections,operationalguidelinesandstandardizedtrainingrecommendationsareidentifiedinregular type withexplanatoryinformationinitalicized type


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1.0 deFinitiOn OF swat1.1 ASpecialWeaponsandTactics(SWAT)teamisanydesignatedgroupof

lawenforcementofficerswhoareselected,trained,andequippedtoworkasacoordinatedteamtoresolvecriticalincidentsthataresohazardous,complex,orunusualthattheymayexceedthecapabilitiesoffirstrespondersorinvestigativeunits.

u TheprimarycharacteristicofSWATthatdistinguishesitfromtheotherunitsisthefocusofeffort.SWATteamsarefocusedontacticalsolutions,asopposedtootherfunctions,suchasinvestigation.ThepurposeofSWATistoincreasethelikelihoodofsafelyresolvingcriticalincidents.Nothingintheseguidelinesisintendedtoprecludeagenciesfromutilizingspeciallytrainedunitsinareassuchasnarcoticsinvestigations,felonyapprehension,andothertasks.


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2.0 swat team cOmpOnents2.1 SWATteamsshoulddevelopsufficientresourcestoperformthethree

basic operational functions:

1. CommandandControl

2 Containment

3. Entry/Apprehension/Rescue

u Appendix Aprovidesasuggestedlistingofactivitiesforeachoperationalcomponent.


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3.0 pOlicy cOnsideratiOns3.1 Aneedsassessmentshouldbeconductedtodeterminethetypeand

extentofSWATmissionsandoperationsappropriatetotheparticularagency.Thisassessmentshouldconsidertheteam’scapabilitiesandlimitationsandshouldbereviewedperiodically.

3.2 PoliciesandproceduresspecifictoSWATorganizationandoperationsshouldbeestablishedandmaintainedbytheagency.Thesepoliciesandproceduresshouldaddress,ataminimum:

nThelocallyidentifiedspecificmissionstheteamiscapableofper-forming

nTeamorganizationandfunction

nPersonnelselectionandretentioncriteria

nTrainingandrequiredcompetencies


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3.0 continued pOlicy cOnsideratiOnspOlicy cOnsideratiOns

nProceduresforactivationanddeployment

nCommandandcontrolissues,includingaclearlydefinedcommandstructure

nMulti-agencyresponse

nOut-of-jurisdictionalresponse

nSpecializedfunctionsandsupportingresources

u ThesepoliciesandproceduresshouldtakeintoconsiderationPOSTguidelinesandstandardizedtrainingrecommendations.


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4.0 risk assessment4.1 Agenciesshouldconductathreatassessmenttodeterminethe

appropriateresponseandresourcesnecessary,includingtheuseofSWAT.


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5.0 planninG 5.1 Missionbriefingsshouldbeconductedpriortoanoperation,unless

circumstancesrequireimmediatedeployment.

u Whenpossible,briefingsshouldincludethespecializedunitsandsupportingresources.

5 2 SWATteamsshoulddesignatepersonnelresponsiblefordevelopinganoperationalortacticalplanpriortoandduringSWAToperations.

5.3 AllSWATteammembersshouldhaveanunderstandingofoperationalplanning

u SkillredundancyinknowledgeofplanningproceduresforSWATteammembersimprovesperformanceinrapidlydevelopingscenarios.


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5.0 continued planninGplanninG

5.4 SWATteampoliciesandtrainingshouldconsiderplanningforbothspontaneousandplannedevents.

5 5 SWATteamsshouldincorporatemedicalemergencycontingency

planningaspartoftheSWAToperationalplan.

u Whereresourcesallow,considerationshouldbegiventointegratingTacticalEmergencyMedicalSupport(TEMS)personnelwithinthestructureoftheSWATteam.


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6.0 lOGistical and resOurce needs6.1 SWATteamsthatanticipateaugmentationbyspecializedresources

shouldincorporateuseofthoseresourcesintotheirplanningandtraining

u Refertosection13.0forfurtherguidelinesonSpecializedFunctionsandSupportingResources.


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leGal and practical issues OF 7.0 swat OperatiOns7.1 Agenciesshoulddevelopprotocolstomaintainsustainedoperations,

whichmayincluderelief,rotationofpersonnel,andaugmentationofresources

7.2 Agenciesshoulddevelopproceduresforpost-incidentscenemanagement,includingdocumentationandtransitiontoinvestigationsandotherunits

7.3 AgenciesshouldconsidertheuseoftacticallytrainedpersonnelforcommunicationsandrecordkeepingduringSWAToperations.


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8.0 uniFOrms, equipment, and Firearms8.1 SWATteamsshouldwearuniformsthatclearlyidentifyteammembers

aslawenforcementofficers.

u Itisrecognizedthatcertaintacticalconditionsmayrequirecovertmovement.Attiremaybeselectedappropriatetothespecificmission.

8.2 SWATteamsshouldbeadequatelyequippedtomeetthespecificmissionidentifiedbytheagency.

8.3 Withintherespectiveagency,weaponsandequipmentusedbySWAT,thespecializedunits,andthesupportingresourcesshouldbeagency-issuedorapproved,includinganymodifications,additions,orattachments


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persOnnel selectiOn, physical Fitness 9.0 and cOre skills prOFiciency9.1 Minimumrequirementsforbothinitialselectionandfulldeployment

withtheSWATteamshouldbeestablishedbytheagencybaseduponresourcesavailableandidentifiedlocalneeds,POSTguidelines,andsoundriskmanagementpractices.

u AgenciesshouldensurethattheSWATselectionprocessisreasonable,jobrelated,andunbiased.

9.2 AgenciesshouldestablishphysicalfitnessstandardsfortheselectionandretentionofSWATteammembers.

u Agenciesshouldconsiderconductingphysicalfitnessassessmentatleastannually.Policiesshouldbeestablishedforfailuretocomplywiththesestandards.


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persOnnel selectiOn, physical Fitness 9.0 continued and cOre skills prOFiciency

9.3 AgenciesshouldestablishSWATcoreskillsproficiencylevelsforSWATteam members

u Agenciesshouldconsiderconductingcoreskillsproficiencyassessmentatleastannually.Policiesshouldbeestablishedforfailuretomaintaintheseproficiencies.

u SeeGuideline 10.2andAppendix Cforalistingofcorecompetenciesandelements.


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10.0 swat traininG10.1 Initial Training

10.1.1 SWATteamOperatorsandSWATSupervisors/teamleadersshouldnotbedeployeduntilsuccessfulcompletionofthePOST-certifiedBasicSWATCourseoritsequivalentasdeterminedbytheagency.

u Appendix BprovidesthetrainingrecommendationsforthePOSTBasicSWATCourse.

10.1.2 Appropriatetraining,priortofulldeployment,shouldalsobeincorporatedintoagencypolicyforthespecializedSWATfunctionsandother supporting resources


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10.0 continued swat traininGswat traininG

10.2 Recurrent Core Competency Training

10.2.1 SWATteamsshouldparticipateindocumentedandverifiablemonthlytrainingtomaintainindividualandteamcorecompetenciesasdeterminedbythetypeandextentofSWATmissionsandoperationsperformed.

u SWATcorecompetenciesfallwithinthreegeneralcategories:

nWeapons,munitions,andequipmenttraining

n individualandteammovementandtactics

nDecision-making

u Appendix CprovidesalistingofSWAToperatorcorecompetenciesandelementsforeachcompetency.

u OngoingtrainingintherespectivecorecompetenciesshouldalsobeincorporatedintopolicyforthespecializedSWATfunctionsandsupportingresources.

10.3 Update and Refresher Training

10.3.1 SWATteamOperatorsandSWATSupervisors/teamleadersshouldattend24hoursofPOST-certifiedSWATupdateorrefreshertraining,oritsequivalent(asdeterminedbytheagency),every24months.

u Appendix CprovidesalistingofSWAToperatorcorecompetenciesandelementsforeachcompetency.


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10.4 Supervision and Management

10.4.1 CommandandexecutivepersonnelwhoprovideactiveoversightatthesceneofSWAToperationsshouldunderstandthepurposeandcapabilitiesoftheteam(s).

u CommandandexecutivepersonnelareencouragedtoattendtrainingformanagingtheSWATfunctionattheorganizationallevel.

10.4.2 CommandpersonnelwhomayassumeincidentcommandresponsibilitiesshouldattendaSWATorcriticalincidentcommandercourse,oritsequivalent.

10.4.3 SWATcommandpersonnelshouldattendaPOST-certifiedSWATcommanderortacticalcommandercourse,oritsequivalent.

u Appendix DprovidesthetrainingrecommendationsforthePOSTTacticalCommanderCourse.

10.5 Approval of Prior Training

10.5.1 AgencieswithSWATteamsshouldestablishprocedurestorecognizeprevioustrainingofmemberssoastoprecludeunnecessary,redundanttraining

u Asageneralrule,previouslycompletedtrainingmaybeconsideredequivalentwhenthehoursandcontent(topics)meetorexceedagencyrequirementsorPOST’sstandardizedtrainingrecommendations.


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10.6 Training Safety

10.6.1 Useofadesignatedsafetyofficershouldbeconsideredfortacticaltraining

u RefertoPOSTGuidelinesforStudentSafetyinCertifiedCoursesforfurthertrainingsafetyinformation.

10.7 Scenario-Based Training

10.7.1 SWATteamsshouldparticipateinscenario-basedtraining.

u Scenario-basedtrainingthatsimulatesthetacticaloperationalenvironmentisanestablishedmethodofimprovingperformanceduringanactualdeployment.

10.8 Annual Training Plan

10.8.1 SWATteamsshoulddevelopanannualtrainingplanbasedonatrainingneedsassessment.

u AnannualtrainingplanhelpsSWATteamstoidentifyandprioritizetrainingneedsandscheduleaccordingly.

10.9 Training Documentation

10.9.1 individualandteamtrainingshouldbedocumentedandrecordsmaintainedbytheagency.

u Documentationofindividualandteamtraining/performancecancontributetolong-termreductionofliabilityandaidininvestigations.


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11.0 multi-JurisdictiOnal swat OperatiOns

11.1 TheSWATteam,includingrelevantspecializedunitsandsupportingresources,shoulddevelopprotocols,agreements,orworkingrelationshipstosupportmulti-jurisdictionalorregionalresponses.

11.2 SWATmulti-agencyandmulti-disciplinaryjointtrainingexercisesareencouraged.SpecializedSWATunitsandsupportingresourcesshouldalso participate

u SomeagenciesmaychoosetoconsolidateresourcesintoaregionalSWATteamconcept.

u Samplesofinitialsuggestedprotocolsandmulti-jurisdictionalagreementscanbeobtainedthroughthePOSTclearinghouse,uponrequest.


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12.0 aFter-actiOn evaluatiOn 12.1 After-actionteamdebriefingsshouldbeconducted.

u Evaluationandanalysisofcriticalincidentsaffordsopportunityforindividualandteamassessment,helpstoidentifytrainingneeds,andreinforcessoundriskmanagementpractices.Whenappropriate,thedebriefingsshouldincludespecializedunitsandresources.


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specialized FunctiOns 13.0 and suppOrtinG resOurces13.1 SWATK-9Teams u Theseguidelinesareintendedashelpfulguidanceforagencieswhoutilize

K-9teamsonarecurrentbasisfordeploymentwithatacticalteam.

DefinitionofaSWATK-9Team

u ASWATK-9teamisadesignatedunit,consistingofahandleranddog,whichisspecificallyselected,trained,andequippedtoworkinconjunctionwithSWAT/tacticalteamstoassistintacticalincidents.


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specialized FunctiOns 13.0 continued and suppOrtinG resOurces

FormationandPolicyConsiderations

nAgenciesshouldestablishproceduresforbothinitialselectionandfulldeploymentofcaninehandlerswiththeSWATteam,whichareconsistentwithPOSTK-9guidelines.

nAgenciesshouldestablishproceduresfortheselectionofdogsusedaspartoftheSWATK-9team.

nNotallpolicecaninesaresuitableforSWAToperations.

Planning

nSWATK-9handlersshouldbeprovidedwithappropriateSWAT-specificsafetyandcommunicationsequipmentappropriatetotheassignedtacticalmission,consistentwithdepartmentpolicy.

nSWATK-9teamsshouldparticipateinmissionbriefingspriortoatacticaloperation,after-actionevaluationsandteamdebriefings.

Training

nAgenciesshouldestablishSWATK-9coreskillsproficiencylevelsforK-9tacticalteams.

nAgenciesshouldconductcoreskillsproficiencyassessmentonanongoing basis

nAppendixEprovidesasuggestedlistingofcorecompetenciesforSWATK-9teams.

nSWATteamsandSWATK-9teamsshouldjointlyparticipateindocumentedquarterlyscenario-basedtrainingtomaintainSWATK-9teamcorecompetencies,consistentwiththetypeofSWATmissionsperformed.

nitisrecommendedthattheK-9handlerandK-9successfullycompleteaSWATorientationprogramthatemphasizesbasicSWATprocedures,practices,andequipment.


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nCommandpersonnelwhomayassumeSWATK-9TeamcommandresponsibilitiesandSWATK-9handlersshouldremaincurrentonlegalissuespertainingtolawenforcementK-9deployment.

SafetyConsiderations

nRescueproceduresfortheSWATK-9team(i.e.handlerdown)shouldbedeveloped,trained,andpracticedpriortodeployment.

nMedicalemergencycontingencyplanningshouldbeincorporatedaspartoftherescueprocedures.

LegalandPracticalissues

nSWATK-9Teamsshouldbeevaluatedastotheirsuitabilityfordeploymentwithatacticalteampriortodeploymentandonanongoing basis

13.2 CrisisNegotiationsTeam

DefinitionofaCrisisNegotiationsTeam

u ACrisisNegotiationsTeam(CNT)isadesignatedgroupofpersonnelspecificallyselected,trained,andequippedtoassistintheresolutionofcriticalincidentsbymeansofcommunicationandnegotiationwithcriminalsuspectsandotherpersons,ofteninconjunctionwiththeSWAT/tacticalunit.

Formation

nAgenciesthatfieldaSWATteam,orwhoparticipateinaregionalormulti-jurisdictionalteam,shoulddevelopaCrisisNegotiationscomponentforresponsetoidentifiedcriticalincidents.

nACrisisNegotiationsTeammaybedevelopedasanintegralpartoftheSWATteam/unit,orasaseparateentitywithitsowncommandstructure


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PolicyConsiderations u AgenciesshouldorganizeCNTwithregardtothefollowingpolicy

considerations:

nDevelopmentofwrittenoperatingprocedures.

nidentificationofpersonnelresponsibleforoperations,training,andequipmentmaintenance.

nDevelopmentofwrittencriteriafortheactivationanddeploymentofaCrisisNegotiationsTeam.

ninstitutionofproceduresforestablishingandrunningtheNegotiationsOperationsCenterincoordinationwiththeTacticalCommanderandtheincidentCommander.

CNTOperationalFunctions u AgenciesshoulddevelopresourcessufficienttoperformthefourCNT

operationalfunctions:

nCommunications/Negotiations

nintelligence

nTacticalLiaison

nLogistics

initialTraining

nCNTmembersshouldsuccessfullycompleteaPOST-certifiedBasicCrisisNegotiatorcourseoritsequivalent.

nAppendixFcontainsalistingofrecommendedtopicsfortheBasicCrisis Negotiator course

RecurrentCoreCompetencyTraining

nCNTmembersshouldparticipateindocumentedquarterlytrainingthatmaintainsproficiencyincorecompetencies,consistentwiththetypeofSWATmissionsidentifiedbyagencypolicy.Periodicscenario-basedtraining,inconjunctionwiththeSWATteam,isencouraged.

nAppendixGprovidesasuggestedlistingofCNTcorecompetencies.


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CNTSupervisionandManagement

nCommandpersonnelwhomayassumeCNTcommandresponsibilitiesshouldattendaSWATorcriticalincidentcommandercourse,oritsequivalent,whichincludescurriculumregardingcrisisnegotiationsprotocols.

13.3 LongRifle/ObserverTeams

DefinitionofaLongRifle/ObserverTeam u ALongRifle/ObserverTeamisadesignatedunitoflawenforcement

officerswhoareselected,trained,andequippedtoworkasanelementoftheSWATteamintheresolutionofcriticalincidentsbyprovidingobservation,cover,andtheemploymentofprecisionfire.

nLongRifle/ObserverTeamsaremostoftenacomponentofSWAT.however,itisrecognizedthatsomeagenciestrainanddeployLongRifle/ObserverTeamsincoordinationwith,butdistinctfrom,theSWATteam.

FormationandPolicyConsiderations

nAgenciesshoulddevelopsufficienttrainingandresourcestoperformthebasicfunctionsoftheLongRifle/ObserverTeam.

nALongRifle/ObserverTeamshouldconsistoftwoofficers,cross-trainedasbothLongRifleOperatorandObserver.

initialTraining

nLongRifleOperatorsshouldnotbedeployeduntilsuccessfulcompletionofaPOST-CertifiedBasicLongRifleCourse,oritsequivalent.

nAppendixhprovidesinformationabouttheBasicLongRifleCourse


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RecurrentCoreCompetencyTraining

nLongRifleOperatorsshouldparticipateindocumentedandverifiabletrainingonamonthlybasisthatmaintainsindividualandteamcorecompetenciesconsistentwiththetypeofSWATmissionsperformed.

LongRifle/Observercorecompetenciesfallwithinthreegeneralcategories:

nFundamentalsofPrecisionShooting

nTactics

nObservation/Communication

LongRifleOperatorsshoulddemonstrateproficiencyonatleastaquarterlybasiswithassignedfirearms.


nAppropriatesafetyprecautionsshouldbeincorporatedintoLongRifle/ObserverTeamtraining.

nTheuseofasafetyofficerisrecommended. u RefertoPOSTGuidelinesforStudentSafetyinCertifiedCoursesforfurther

trainingsafetyinformation.

13.4 SWATOperationsinaWeaponsofMassDestruction(WMD)/TerrrorismEvent

u SWATteamsmaybetaskedwithpreparingthetacticalcomponentofthegovernmentalresponsetoapotentialexposuretochemical,biological,radiological,nuclear,orexplosive(CBRNE)hazards.AgenciesshouldrecognizethattacticaloperationsinaCBRNEenvironmentarehighlyspecialized.SWATteamsmaynotbepreparedtohandletheseincidentsalone,andshouldconsideracoordinatedregionalresponsebylocal,state,andfederalagencies.


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13.5 SWATWaterborneOperations

u Definition Forthepurposesofthissection,waterborneoperationsrefertothedeployment

ofspeciallytrainedSWATOperatorstoengageintacticaloperationsassociatedwiththewaterborneenvironment.

NeedsAssessment

nAneedsassessmentshouldbeconductedtodeterminethetypeandextentofSWATwaterbornemissionsandoperationsappropriatetothe agency

Training

nSWATteamswhoanticipateutilizingwaterbornesupportinrecurrentmissionsshouldcompleteinitialvesselorientationandtrainingpriortodeployment.

nSWATTeamswhoanticipateutilizingwaterbornesupportforrecurrentmissionsshouldincorporatemaritimetrainingintheannual training plan

nAppendixiprovidesalistingofSWAToperatorcorecompetenciesassociatedwiththemaritimeenvironment.

Planning

nConsiderationshouldbegiventotheproperselectionofequipmentrelatedtolocallyidentifiedmissionprofiles.

nVesseloperatorsshouldparticipateinthedevelopmentphaseofmission planning to ensure appropriate assets are in place for the identifiedmissionprofile.

nPriortocommencingunderwayoperations,thevesseloperatorsandcrewshouldconductasafetybriefing,includingvesselsafetyandemergencyprocedures.


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Multi-jurisdictionalissues

nAgenciesinvolvedinwaterbornetacticaloperationsshoulddevelopprotocols,agreements,and/orworkingrelationshipswithotheragenciesthatmaybeoperationallyaffectedduetostatutory,crossjurisdictional,ormulti-jurisdictionalrequirements.

13.6 SWATAiRBORNEOPERATiONS

u Definition Forthepurposesofthissection,atacticalairborneoperationreferstotheuseof

airsupportasaresourceincoordinationwithSWATtoresolvecriticalincidents.

nFormationandPolicyConsiderations

AneedsassessmentshouldbeconductedtodeterminethetypeandextentofSWATairsupportmissionsandoperationsappropriatetothe particular agency

nTheagency,incoordinationwithSWATandtheairsupportprovider,shoulddevelopproceduresforthetacticaluseoftheaircraft

Planning

nAircrewsshouldparticipateinthedevelopmentphaseofmissionplanningandriskassessmenttoensureappropriateassetsareinplacefortheidentifiedmissionparameters.

nAircrewsshouldparticipatewithSWATinafter-actionevaluationofoperationsanddebriefings.


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nPriortocommencingoperations,adesignatedaircrewmembershouldconductasafetybriefing,includingaircraftsafetyandemergencyprocedures.

Training

nSWATteamswhoutilizeairsupportforrecurrentmissionsshouldincorporateairbornetrainingwiththeaircraftandaircrewmembers in the annual training plan

Firearms

nAgenciesshoulddeveloppoliciesregardinguseoffirearmsandfirearmstraininginanairborneenvironment.

nWeaponssafetyisofextremeimportanceinairborneoperations.SWATteamsinvolvedinairborneweaponsutilizationshouldconductperiodictrainingusingtheaircraftasashootingplatform.


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Basic swat team appendix a OperatiOnal cOmpOnents

n SWATteamsshoulddevelopresourcessufficienttofulfillthefollowingthree minimum operational components:

1. Command and Control Element

a, Planning,organizing,staffing,anddirectingtheoverallSWAToperation

b. CoordinationwiththeCrisisNegotiationsTeam

c. Liaisonwithalliedagencies

d. Missiondocumentation

e Communications

f. Medicalsupport

g. Missiondebriefings

2 Containment Element

a Control of inner perimeter

b Evacuation

c. Tacticaldeliveries(chemicalmunitions,equipment,etc.)

d. Precisionlongrifle/observerdeploymentandsupport

3. Entry/Apprehension/Rescue Element

a. Scoutingmissions

b. Breaching

c. Enter,search,andsecureobjective(s)

d. Rescueoperations

e. Subject/suspectdetention


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appendix B Basic swat cOurse tOpics

n ThesecoursetopicrecommendationsaredesignedforofficerswhoareassignedtoaSWAT/tacticalteam.ThetopicsaddressthebasicconceptsofSWAT,andincludepracticalapplicationandproblemsolvingsimulationsaseffectivelearningmethods.Typicalscenarioswouldincludebarricadedsubjects,hostagesituations,warrantservice,activeshooters,andotherhigh-risksituations.Thecourseshouldincludethefollowingtopics:

1. Introduction

a Course Objectives

b. POSTSWATProjectandGuidelines

c. historicalPerspectiveoftheSWATConcept

2 Performance Evaluation of Team Members

a. CoreCompetencyTrainingandCompliance

3. Policy Issues

a. Legalissues/CivilLiability

b. UseofForce

c. MutualAidProcedures

d. SWATPoliciesandProcedures

e. importanceofCorrectTerminology

4. Basic SWAT Concepts

a. CommonSWATResponses

b. incidentCommandandDirectSupervisionoftheSWATteam

c. SWATActivationCriteria

d. TeamCompositionandDuties

5 Psychological Considerations

a. Post-TraumaStress

b. StressManagement

c. MentalConditioningforConfrontations


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Appendix B continued Basic SWAT Course Topics

contents

6. Physical Considerations

a. FitnessStandardsforSWATTeamMembers

b. LifetimeFitnessRecommendations

c. PhysicalTrainingforSWATTeamMembers

d. EmergencyMedicalProcedures

7. Overview of Individual and Team Equipment

a. UniformEquipment

b. WeaponsandFirearms

c. CommunicationsDevices

d. SupportEquipmentandTechnology

8. Operational Planning

a. importanceofPlanning

b. StructuredPlanningFormat

c Principles of Containment

d. intelligenceGathering

e. Pre-EventPlanning

f Contemporaneous Planning

g. implementation/Resolution

h. incidentDe-Briefing

9. Overview of Specialized SWAT Functions

a Canines

b. Airborne

c Crisis Negotiations

d. ExplosiveBreaching

e. LongRifle/Observer

f Rescue Operations

g. MobileAssaults

h. SWATResponsetoWMD-relatedincidents


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10. Command Post Operations

a. FieldCommandPost

b. TacticalOperationsCenter

c. MediaConsiderations

11. Individual and Team Movement

a. CoverandConcealment

b. TeamCommunications

c Overcoming Obstacles

d. PracticalApplication

12. Basic Entry and Search Techniques

a. SWATArrestandControl

b. BuildingsandStructures

c. MechanicalBreaching

d. OpenAreaSearches

e. PracticalApplication

13. Chemical Agents in SWAT Operations

a. OverviewofChemicalAgents

b Less Lethal Munitions

c. PracticalApplication

14. Diversionary Devices

a. OverviewofDiversionaryDevices

b. PracticalApplication

15. Crisis Negotiation

a. NegotiationConceptsandStrategies

b. RelationshipBetweenSWATandCrisisNegotiationTeams


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16. Individual and Team Firearms Training

a. handguns

b. Shoulder-firedWeapons

c. PracticalApplication

17. Training Scenarios and Problem-Solving Simulations

a. TableTopExercises

b. Reality-basedExercises


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appendix c swat cOre cOmpetencies

n ThislistisintendedtoassistagenciesindeterminingareasofresponsibilityforindividualSWATteamsandindevelopinganannualSWATtrainingplan.

1. Weapons, Munitions, and Equipment

a. ArmoredVehicleOperations

b. EquipmentFamiliarizationandMaintenance

c. FirearmSkills(livefire) (1) handgun (2) Lowlight/nighttraining (3) Shoulder-firedweapons

d. individualOperator’sUniformMaintenanceandWear

e. LadderandOtherhighAngleAccess

f. LightingSystems(personal,weapons,other)

g. MechanicalBreaching (1) 12-gaugeshotgunbreaching (2) Rams,picks,pullers,etc.

h Munitions (1) Chemicalagents:Optionsanddeliverysystems (2) Lesslethalimpactmunitionsanddelivery (4) Light/sounddiversionarydevices (5) Otherlesslethaldevices

i. NightVisionEquipment

j. UseofBallisticShields

k. WeaponsMaintenance


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Appendix C continued SWAT Core Competencies

contents

2 Individual and Team Movement/Tactics

a. ActiveShooterResponse

b. Aircraftintervention

c. BarricadedSubjectOperations

d. BoobyTraps

e. CamouflageTechniques

f. ConductingEvacuations

g. ContainmentTechniques

h. CoverandMovement

i Covert Clearing

j. DownedOfficer/CitizenRescues

k. DynamicClearing

l. EmergencyDeploymentTechniques

m Entries

n. highRiskWarrantService (1) Contain&call-outs (2) Dynamic (3) Remotetakedowns (4) Ruses,etc.

o. homicideBombers

p. immediateActionDrills

q. LongRifleinitiatedAssaults

r Night Movement

s. Rappelling(ruraland/orurban) (1) Airborne (2) Static

t Reactionary Responses

u. RescueOperations–Basic

v Rural Operations


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w. Scouting

x. SearchingTechniques

y. SmallUnitTactics

z. TacticalOperationCenter

aa. VehicleAssaults (1) Busassaults (2) Car/van/truckassaults

3. Decision-Making

a. MissionandTacticalContingencyPlanning

b. TrainingSimulations(scenario-basedtraining)

c. Barricadedsubject/suspect

d. highRiskWarrant(dynamic,contain&call-outs,etc.)

e. hostagesituations (1) Suicideintervention (2) Other

f. WarrantServiceWork-upsandPlanning

4. SpecializedFunctionsand/orSupportingResources

a. AirborneOperations

b. Counter-Terrorism

c Executive Protection

d. ExplosiveBreaching

e. LongRifle/Observer

f. MarijuanaGrowOperations

g. RescueOperations–Advanced

h Riot Response

i. Surveillance

j. SWATCanineintegration


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k. TacticalEmergencyMedicalSupport

l. TeamLeaderTraining

m. Train/TrolleyAssaults

n WaterborneOperations

o. WMDResponse


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swat/tactical appendix d cOmmanders’ cOurse tOpics

n ThesecoursetopicrecommendationsaredesignedforsupervisoryandcommandlevelofficerswhohaveSWAT/tacticalteamresponsibility.ThetopicsaddresstheemploymentofSWATteams,longrifles,andobservers,negotiators,containment,commandposts,andotherspecialoperationsresources.Typicaltrainingscenarioswouldincludebarricadedsubjects,hostagesituations,warrantservice,activeshooters,andotherhigh-risksituations.Thecourseshouldincludethefollowingtopics:

1. Introduction

a Course Objectives

b. POSTSWATProjectandGuidelines

2 Definition of a Critical Incident

a. historyofTacticalOperations

3. Administrative Duties and Responsibilities

a. PersonnelSelectionandRetention

b. CoreCompetencyTrainingandCompliance

c. Documentation

d. PolicyandProceduresUpdateandCompliance

e. Equipment/NewTechnology

4. Legal Issues

a. CivilLiability/CaseLaw

b. UseofForce

5 Mutual Aid Procedures

a Policy

b. MOU’s


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Appendix D continued SWAT/Tactical Commanders’ Course Topics

contents

c Communications

6. Deployment Guidelines

a. SuspectinitiatedEvents

b. DepartmentinitiatedEvents

7. Tactical Team Operations

a. WarrantService

b. hostageRescue

c. BarricadedSuspect/Subject

d. MobileSuspectinterdiction

e. OpenAreaClearing

f. SpecialtyTactics

g. ProtectionDetails

8. Command and Control

a. incidentCommand

b. TacticalCommand

9. Command Post Operations

a. DefinitionandFunctions

b. DutiesandResponsibilities

c Communications

10. Tactical Operation Procedures

a. SituationAssessment

b Operational Planning

c. ForceOptions

d. MedicalSupport

e. Briefing

f. PostOperationalDebriefing


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Appendix D continued SWAT/Tactical Commanders’ Course Topics

contents

11. Tactical Components/Capabilities

a. SWATTeam

b. LongRifle/ObserverTeam

c. CrisisNegotiationsTeam

d. TacticalDispatch

12. Tactical Considerations/Missions

a. Containmentteam(SWATorPatrol)

b. TacticalEmergencyMedicalSupport(TEMS)

c. AirSupport

d. Evacuation

e. Arrest/ReactionTeam

f. ChemicalAgents

g Less Lethal Munitions

h. Breaching

i. ThrowPhone/FoodDelivery

j. hostageRescue

k. BombSquad

l. WMD

13. Training Scenarios and Problem-Solving Simulations

a. TableTopExercises

b. Reality-basedExercises


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cOre cOmpetencies appendix e FOr swat k-9 teams

n SWATK-9handler:

1. Firearmsqualificationwithassignedweapon(s)atleasttwiceperyearwithK-9incloseproximitytohandler.

2. Teamandstealthmovementtechniques(tacticalobedience)

3. Teamapproachtoobjective

4. Teamentryintoobjective

5. Directedandnon-directedtacticalsearches

6. Confinedspaceandlimitedaccessinsertionandextraction

7. Limitedaccesssearching(confinedspaces–attics,crawlspaces,vehicleinteriors,etc.)

8. Long-lineutilization

9. AbilitytorecallK-9duringtacticalsearches

10. AuditoryalertbyK-9uponlocatinginaccessiblesuspect

11. handand/oraudibledowncommandsforK-9duringtacticalsearch

12. Calm/controlledbehaviorbyK-9duringsearchexercises.

13. Calm/controlledbehaviorbyK-9withteamduringlivefireexercises

14. Operatinginachemicalagentandsmokeenvironment

15. Operatinginconjunctionwithdiversionarydevicedeployment

16. Tacticaloutandteamarrestprocedures.

17. Tacticaltrackingconsistentwithagencyprocedures

18. Suspectcontainment

19. Suspectapprehension

20. Suspectdistraction

21. Clearinghigh-riskareas(entryways,stairwells,hallways,etc.)

22. Extractionofanon-complianthigh-risksubject

23. Otherskillsconsistentwithagencymissionprofile,basedonlocalneeds


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Basic crisis neGOtiatOr cOurse appendix F recOmmended cOurse tOpics

n ThesecoursetopicrecommendationsaredesignedforpersonnelwhoareassignedtoaCrisisNegotiationTeam(CNT.)Thesetopicsaddressthebasicconceptsofcrisisnegotiations,andincludepracticalapplicationandproblemsolvingsimulationsaseffectivelearningmethods.Thecourseshouldincludethefollowingtopics:

1. historicalPerspective

a. SignificantEventsAffectingEarlyNegotiations

b. ModernDayNegotiations

c. Centralizedvs.DecentralizedTeamConcepts

2. BasicNegotiationsTheory

a. Three“Cs”ofNegotiations (1) Containment (2) Control (3) Communication

3. CrisisNegotiationsTeamStructure

a. VariousAgencyStandards (1) CommandPostOperations (2) iCS (3) TacticalElement (4) Positions,Roles,Responsibilities

b Logistics (1) OnSiteSupport–CNT (2) OnSiteSupport-Tactical


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Appendix F continued Basic Crisis Negotiator Course Recommended Course Topics

contents

c. intelligence (1) interview (2) SubjectProfile (3) informationSharing

4. incidentTypes

a.hostageSituations

b.Non-hostageSituations

c.SpecialCircumstances (1) Custodial/Correctionsincidents (2) SuicidebyCop (3) RepeatOffenders (4) LawEnforcementPersonnel

5. SubjectTypes

a. Mentalhealthissues (1) PsychologicalDisordersandDiagnosis

b. Suicide

c. interruptedCrimes

d. DomesticViolence

e. Terrorism

f. Chemicalinfluence

6. ResponseProtocol

a. TeamActivation (1) FirstResponderEvaluation (2) DepartmentPolicyissues


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7. CriticalincidentAssessment

a.RiskAssessment (1) Typeofincident (2) AppropriateActiontoResolve

b. Walkawayassessment (1) ToNegotiateorNottoNegotiate

c. StockholmSyndrome

d. Victimology

e. hostageBehavior

8. Equipment

a. CNTSpecializedEquipment(UseandMaintenance)

b. Technology

9. NegotiationTechniques

a Verbal Communications (1) FacetoFace (2) ElectronicCommunications (3) ThirdPartyCommunications

10. NegotiationStrategies

a. CommunicationSkills (1) ActiveListening

b. indicatorsofProgress/Violence

c. TimeConsiderations

11. SurrenderPhase

a. Tactical/CNTCoordination

b. TransferofCommunications


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12. Debriefing

a. incidentReview (1) individual (2) Team (3) Tactical/CNTJointDebriefing

b. CriticalincidentStressDebriefing (1) incidentDriven (2) individualAssessment

13. MediaRelations

a. MediaManagement (1) 409.5PC/MediaAccess (2) NoFlyZones

14. PostincidentConsiderations

a. CrimeScene (1) Evidence (2) SecuringfromtheScene

b. hOBAS/LEO

c. Documentation (1) ReportsandRecordedMaterial

15. LegalAspects

a. RiskManagement

b Ethics

c. CaseLaw

d. individualNegotiators’Resumes (1) ExpertWitness


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16. TrainingScenarios/Role-Playing

a. Safety

b. GroupScenarios

c. DebriefingofScenarios (1) StudentPerformanceEvaluations


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crisis neGOtiatiOns appendix G cOre cOmpetencies

n CNTcorecompetencieswilldiminishunlessmaintainedthroughmeaningful,recurrenttraining.Baseduponaneedsassessment,departmentpolicy,andsoundriskmanagementpractices,CrisisNegotiatorsshouldmaintainproficiencyinthecorecompetenciesdeemednecessaryfortheirlocalareaorregion:

1. CoreCompetencies:

a. Knowledgeofincidentmanagement,teamrolesandresponsibilities

b. Equipmentandtechnicalknowledge

c. Communicationsskills (1) Activelistening (2) Tacticalcommunications (3) interviewandinterrogationskills

d. Riskassessment/incidentevaluation (1) Behavioral/emotionalfactors (2) Diminishedcapacity

e. homicide/Suicideindicators

2. ExpandedListing-Knowledgeof:

a. Drug/alcohol/medicationinteractions

b. Third-partyintermediaryskills

c. Juvenileissues

d. Faith-basednegotiations

e Extremist groups

f. Mediainfluencesandeffects


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Appendix G continued Crisis Negotiations Core Competencies

contents

g. Criticalincidentassessment(feedbacktoincidentCommander)

h. Suicidology(‘SuicidebyCop’)

i. Mentaldisorders

j. Specialcircumstances(negotiationw/knownpersons,agencypersonnel,etc.)

k. Mutualaidprotocols

l Linguistics

m. Socio-culturalawareness

n. Legalissuesandcaselawregardingcrisisnegotiations

o. Prison/jail/holdingfacilityissues

p. Afteraction/incidentreporting

q. Emergingtechnologyissues

r. Jointtrainingwithtacticalunitsandothergroups

s. Otherhighriskincidents


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lOnG riFle/OBserver team appendix h cOurse tOpic recOmmendatiOns

n ThesecoursetopicrecommendationsaredesignedforofficerswhoareassignedtoaLongRifle/ObserverTeam.ThesetopicsaddressbasicconceptsofLongRifleTeamfunctionsandincludepracticalapplicationandproblemsolvingsimulationsaseffectivelearningmethods.Thecourseshouldincludethefollowingtopics:

1. Safetyissues

a Classroom

b Range

c Operational

2. WeaponsandEquipmentConsiderations

3. RolesandDuties

4. CommonMissionProfiles

5. Legalissues

a Use of force – policy issues

b. Casestudies

c. Documentation (1) Trainingrecords

6. FundamentalsofPrecisionShooting

a. Mentalandphysicalpreparedness

b Optics


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Appendix H continued LongRifle/ObserverTeamCourseTopicRecommendations

contents

c. Low-lightshooting

d. Fundamentalsofshootingascopedrifle (1) Zeroing (2) Coldborezeroing

f. Windandrangeestimation

g Position shooting

h. Riflecare

i. Databooks

7. Ballistics

a. internalballistics

b External ballistics (1) Environmentalfactors (2) Angleshooting

c. Terminalballistics (1) intermediatebarriershooting

8. BasicFieldcraft–UrbanandRural

a. Camouflage

b. Coverandconcealment

c. hides

d. Movement


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Appendix H continued LongRifle/ObserverTeamCourseTopicRecommendations

contents

9. Observation/CommunicationSkills

a. Observation/retentionexercises

b. intelligencegathering

c Reporting (1) Observationlog

d. Diagramming (1) Rangecards (2) Fieldsketching e. Teammembercommunications

10.Practicalapplicationandevaluation


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tactical waterBOrne appendix i cOre cOmpetencies

1. iflimitedtoboatoperations:

a. UseandmaintenanceofaPersonalFlotationDevice

b. Basicwatersafetytechniques

c. Nightandlowlightconditions

d. Familiarizationwithvesseloperations,includingsafetybriefing

e. Smallboattactics

f. Boardingtechniquesandtactics

2. ifconductingsurfaceswimmeroperations:

a. Agency-approvedswimtest,toincludewatertread

b. Self-rescuetechniques

c. Boardingandoffloadingtechniques

3. ifconductingsub-surfaceoperations:

a. Certificationfromarecognizedcertifyingagency,includingNAUi,PADi,themilitaryorequivalent.

b. MedicalexamandcertificationforSCUBAasperCalOShAguidelines

c. CalOShAregulationspertainingtounderwateroperations


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1327451524_lapd swat manual

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training post published

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contents copyright n

contents acknowledgements

contents foreword n

i f o r n

mission n

s s i o n o n p e