13.1 charlemagne unites germanic kingdoms
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13.1 Charlemagne Unites 13.1 Charlemagne Unites Germanic KingdomsGermanic Kingdoms
Many Germanic kingdoms that Many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire are succeeded the Roman Empire are reunited under Charlemagne’s reunited under Charlemagne’s empire.empire.
Invasions of Western EuropeInvasions of Western Europe
Effects of Constant Invasions and Effects of Constant Invasions and WarfareWarfare Germanic invaders overrun western Germanic invaders overrun western
Roman Empire in 400sRoman Empire in 400s Fighting disrupts trade and government; Fighting disrupts trade and government;
people abandon citiespeople abandon cities Marks the beginning of the Marks the beginning of the Middle Middle
AgesAges—period from 500 to 1500—period from 500 to 1500
Germanic KingdomsGermanic Kingdoms
Invasions of Western EuropeInvasions of Western Europe
The Decline of LearningThe Decline of Learning As cities are abandoned, level of As cities are abandoned, level of
learning declineslearning declines Knowledge of Greek language and Knowledge of Greek language and
culture is almost completely lostculture is almost completely lost
Invasions of Western EuropeInvasions of Western Europe
Loss of a Common LanguageLoss of a Common Language Introduction of German language Introduction of German language
changes Latin; dialects developchanges Latin; dialects develop
Germanic Kingdoms EmergeGermanic Kingdoms Emerge
Years of Upheaval Between 400 and Years of Upheaval Between 400 and 600600 Germanic kingdoms replace Roman Germanic kingdoms replace Roman
provincesprovinces Continual wars change borders between Continual wars change borders between
kingdomskingdoms The Church provides order and securityThe Church provides order and security
Germanic Kingdoms EmergeGermanic Kingdoms Emerge
The Concept of Government ChangesThe Concept of Government Changes Germans held together by family ties Germans held together by family ties
and loyalty, not governmentand loyalty, not government Small communities are governed by Small communities are governed by
unwritten rules and traditionsunwritten rules and traditions Germanic warriors pledge loyalty to Germanic warriors pledge loyalty to
their chief; live in lord’s halltheir chief; live in lord’s hall
Germanic Kingdoms EmergeGermanic Kingdoms Emerge
Clovis Rules the FranksClovis Rules the Franks Germanic people called Franks hold Germanic people called Franks hold
power in Roman province of Gaulpower in Roman province of Gaul Clovis, leader of the Franks, converts to Clovis, leader of the Franks, converts to
Christianity in 496Christianity in 496 Leads warriors against other Germanic Leads warriors against other Germanic
armiesarmies Unites Franks into one kingdom with Unites Franks into one kingdom with
Church’s help by 511Church’s help by 511
Germans Adopt ChristianityGermans Adopt Christianity
How the Church SpreadHow the Church Spread Frankish rulers convert Germanic Frankish rulers convert Germanic
peoples to Christianitypeoples to Christianity Missionaries travel to convert Germanic Missionaries travel to convert Germanic
and Celtic groupsand Celtic groups
Germans Adopt ChristianityGermans Adopt Christianity
Monasteries, Convents, and Monasteries, Convents, and ManuscriptsManuscripts Church builds monasteries—where monks Church builds monasteries—where monks
live to study and serve Godlive to study and serve God Italian monk, Benedict, writes rules that Italian monk, Benedict, writes rules that
govern monastic lifegovern monastic life His sister Scholastica adapts rules for His sister Scholastica adapts rules for
nuns living in conventsnuns living in convents Monks establish schools, preserve Monks establish schools, preserve
learning through librarieslearning through libraries
Germans Adopt ChristianityGermans Adopt Christianity
Papal Power Expands Under Gregory IPapal Power Expands Under Gregory I In 590, Gregory I, also called Gregory the In 590, Gregory I, also called Gregory the
Great, becomes popeGreat, becomes pope Under Gregory, Church becomes secular—a Under Gregory, Church becomes secular—a
political powerpolitical power Pope’s palace becomes center of Roman Pope’s palace becomes center of Roman
governmentgovernment Uses Church money to raise armies, care for Uses Church money to raise armies, care for
poor, negotiate treatiespoor, negotiate treaties Establishes a Christendom—churchly kingdom Establishes a Christendom—churchly kingdom
fanning out from Romefanning out from Rome
An Empire EvolvesAn Empire Evolves
Europe’s KingdomsEurope’s Kingdoms The Franks control largest and strongest The Franks control largest and strongest
of Europe’s many kingdomsof Europe’s many kingdoms By 511, Frankish rule extends over what By 511, Frankish rule extends over what
is now Franceis now France
An Empire EvolvesAn Empire Evolves
Charles Martel EmergesCharles Martel Emerges Most powerful official in kingdom is Most powerful official in kingdom is
major domo—mayor of the palacemajor domo—mayor of the palace In 719, major domo Charles Martel In 719, major domo Charles Martel
becomes more powerful than kingbecomes more powerful than king Defeats Muslims from Spain at Tours in Defeats Muslims from Spain at Tours in
732; becomes a Christian hero732; becomes a Christian hero Son, Pepin, begins Carolingian DynastySon, Pepin, begins Carolingian Dynasty
—family that ruled 751–987—family that ruled 751–987
Charlemagne Becomes EmperorCharlemagne Becomes Emperor
From Pepin to From Pepin to CharlemagneCharlemagne Pepin dies in 768, Pepin dies in 768,
leaves kingdom to leaves kingdom to two sons; in 771 two sons; in 771 one son diesone son dies
Second son, Second son, Charlemagne Charlemagne (Charles the Great), (Charles the Great), rules kingdomrules kingdom
Charlemagne Becomes EmperorCharlemagne Becomes Emperor
Charlemagne Extends Frankish RuleCharlemagne Extends Frankish Rule Charlemagne’s armies reunite western Charlemagne’s armies reunite western
Europe, spread ChristianityEurope, spread Christianity In 800, Charlemagne travels to Rome to In 800, Charlemagne travels to Rome to
protect Pope Leo III from mobsprotect Pope Leo III from mobs Pope crowns Charlemagne emperor; Pope crowns Charlemagne emperor;
gives him title, “Roman Emperor”gives him title, “Roman Emperor” Germanic power, Church, heritage of Germanic power, Church, heritage of
Roman Empire now joined togetherRoman Empire now joined together
Charlemagne Becomes EmperorCharlemagne Becomes Emperor
Charlemagne Leads a RevivalCharlemagne Leads a Revival Charlemagne limits nobles’ power by Charlemagne limits nobles’ power by
governing through royal agentsgoverning through royal agents Encourages learning and orders Encourages learning and orders
monasteries to open schoolsmonasteries to open schools
Charlemagne Becomes EmperorCharlemagne Becomes Emperor
Charlemagne’s HeirsCharlemagne’s Heirs Charlemagne dies in 814; his son, Louis Charlemagne dies in 814; his son, Louis
the Pious, rules poorlythe Pious, rules poorly Louis’s three grandsons fight for control Louis’s three grandsons fight for control
of empireof empire In 843 they divide empire into three In 843 they divide empire into three
kingdoms; sign Treaty of Verdunkingdoms; sign Treaty of Verdun