1300 - 1453
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1300 - 1453. Worst century and a half in European History. 1330 – Plague devastates parts of western China 1331-40 – Plague gradually spreads through central Asia and into Crimea 1344-47 – Mongols fight at Kaffa Army stricken with Plague - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1300 - 1453Worst century and a half in European History
Black Death
• 1330 – Plague devastates parts of western China• 1331-40 – Plague gradually spreads through central Asia
and into Crimea• 1344-47 – Mongols fight at Kaffa• Army stricken with Plague
• 1347 – Genoan traders fled Kaffa to return to Italy• Carried Plague to Sicily and up the coast of Italy
• 1347-78 – Plague outbreaks devastated Europe• 25 million deaths in Europe (one-third total population)
Black Death
Hundred Years War
• 1337-1453 – France versus England• Started by Edward III (Eng) and Philip VI (Fr)• Both had claims to French throne (but Ed is vassal of Phil)
• 1337-1428 – England won most of the battles• Used longbow and dismounted warriors (new tactics)• Battles – Crecy, Poitiers, Agincourt
• 1428-29 – France turned tide in Battle of Orleans• Joan of Arc led the French army
• Resulted in about 3.5 million deaths
Hundred Years War
Papal Schism
• 1309-1378 – Papacy in Avignon• Controlled by French king• Rome became wasteland
• 1378-1417 – Popes in Rome and Avignon• 1377 – Gregory XI returned to Rome but died in 1378• French cardinals unhappy with replacement and elect another
• 1410 – Council of Pisa elects a third pope• 1417 – Council of Constance finally replaces 3 popes• Martin V is new pope in Rome
• Schism taints the image of the Church and the papacy
Papal Schism
Fall of Constantinople
• 1200s - Nomads chased out of central Asia by the Mongols• Establish small kingdom in northwestern Anatolia
• 1307 – Seljuk Sultanate of Rum defeated by the Mongols• Ottomans begin to conquer the remaining small Turkish clans
until they dominate Anatolia• Filled power vacuum left by Seljuks and weakened Byzantines
• By 1450, Ottomans control most of Anatolia and eastern Balkans
• Mehmet II decided to attack Constantinople• Constantinople fell in 1453
• Post-1453 – Ottomans threatened western Europe
Fall of Constantinople
What is going on???
• Black Death• Hundred Years War• Papal Schism• Fall of Constantinople
• These catastrophic events shook the foundations of European civilization• Europeans began to question everything• Additionally, new ideas “escaped” Constantinople with
Byzantine scholars