13 melander-aashto m240--astm c595.pdf

7/29/2019 13 Melander-AASHTO M240--ASTM C595.pdf

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2009 Cement Specifications

AASHTO M240 & ASTM C595Portland-Limestone Cement

An Option to Improve Sustainabilit

John MelanderPortland Cement Association

Presented at Spring 2012 NCC/TTCC Meeting


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Objectives

What is portland-limestone cement

Performance

Environmental

Concrete

Changes to the Specifications


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Portland-Limestone Cement

What is a PLC?

Type IL cement

5% to 15% limestone in ASTM C595/AASHTO M240

Ternary cements

Why the proposal?

Option to implement proven technology to obtain desiredperformance and improve sustainability of concrete


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Historical Use of Limestone in Cements 1965 Heidelberger produces 20% limestone cement in Germany for

specialty applications (Schmidt 1992)

1979 French Cement Standards allows limestone additions.

1983 CSA A5 allows 5% in Type 10 (now GU) cement

1990, 15+/-5% limestone blended cements being used in Germany

1992, in UK, BS 7583 allows up to 20% in Limestone Cement

2000 EN 197-1 allows 5% MAC (Typ. Limestone) in all 27 common

cements, as was commonly practiced in various European cement

standards prior to that.

2000 EN 197-1 creates CEM II/A-L (6-20%) and CEM II/B-L (21-35%)

2004 ASTM C 150 allows 5% in Types I-V

2006 CSA A3001 allows 5% in other Types than GU

2007 AASHTO M85 allows 5% in Types I-V

2008 CSA A3001 includes PLC containing 5%-15% limestone


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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

35.4 34.2 33.7 32.1 31.627.5

4.8 5.4 4.2 6.8 5.9

4.5

3.7 2.92.1 2.7 1.2

1.4

5.4 6.25.7

7.06.9

7.4

15.0 18.9 24.624.0

24.5 31.4

16.816.8 14.5 9.6 14.3

12.5

5.65.5 6.5

4.85.1 5.6

4.05.0 5 9.5 5.4

5.73.2

3.4 1.5 1.9 2.9 1.86.11.7 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.2

CementTyp

esinEurope(%

)

Others

CEM V - Composi te Cement

CEM IV - Pozzolanic

CEM III - Blast furnace slag

CEM II - Portland-composite

CEM II - Portland-limestone

CEM II - Portland-fly ashCEM II - Portland-pozzolana

CEM II - Portland-slag

CEM I - Portland

European Cements

Cembureau data


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10% 15%Energy Reduction*

Fuel (million BTU) 443,000 664,000Electricity (kWh) 6,970,000 10,440,000

Why: Environmental Benefits

* Per million tons cement


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10% 15%Emissions Reduction*SO2 (lb) 581,000 870,000NOX (lb) 580,000 870,000CO (lb) 104,000 155,000CO2 (ton) 189,000 283,000Total hydrocarbon, THC (lb) 14,300 21,400

Why: Environmental Benefits

* Per million tons cement


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How Limestone Works: Why 15%?

Matschei et al. 2008


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How Limestone Works Particle packing

Improved particle size distribution

Nucleation Surfaces for precipitation

Chemical reactions

Only a small amount, but


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Chemical reactions



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Chemical reactions



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Concrete Performance


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AASHTO M240 & ASTM C595

Requirements Type ILPortland-limestone blended cement

Example: Type IL(10) = 10% limestone

Type ITTernary blended cement with limestone Example 1: Type IT(L10)(P10) = 10% limestone

and 10% pozzolan

Example 2: Type IT(S15)(L10) = 15% slag and

10% limestone

Limestone content 5% to 15%


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AASHTO M240 & ASTM C595

Requirements Same physical requirement as existing C595/M240

cement types

Chemical requirements sulfate content, LOI

Sulfate resistance no MS or HS in initial ballot

Limestone quality CaCO3, MBI, TOC


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IS (


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IS (


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IS (


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ChemicalRequirements for

Blended Cements

Cement Type

IS(< 70),

IT(P


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Requirements forLimestonefor Use

in Blended Cements

Test Method LimitCaCO3 content C114/T105 Min. 70%Methylene blue index See Annex A2 Max. 1.2 g/100gTotal organic carbon See Annex A3 Max. 0.5%


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Summary Portland-limestone cements

Type IL and Type IT cements

Blended cements with 5% to 15% limestone Good history of performance

An option for

greener concrete


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Portland Limestone Blended Cement in

ASTM C595 and AASHTO M240Presented to ASTM C01.10 December 2010

Thank you!

13 melander-aashto m240--astm c595.pdf

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