13 and 15 september, 2006 chapter 7 rna and chromosome structure
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![Page 1: 13 and 15 September, 2006 Chapter 7 RNA and Chromosome Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d4d5503460f94a2bf94/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
13 and 15 September, 2006
Chapter 7
RNA and Chromosome Structure
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Overview• In the cell, DNA is always associated with proteins .• In eukaryotes, histones package DNA into chromatin.• Proteins serve a structural role, and compact DNA, with regulated
access.• Chromosomes may be maintained as haploid or diploid.• Gene density is highest in prokaryotes.• Chromosomes replicate in S phase, segregate in M phase.• Nucleosomes are the building blocks of chromosomes..• Histone H1 stabilizes the 30 nm fiber.• Chromatin structure is highly regulated, often by covalent modification
of histones.• Nucleosome positioning is sequence dependent and allows access to
transcription factors.• Histone inheritance and assembly is complex, and maintains the
modification state of the parent genome.• Nucleosome assembly requires accessory proteins.
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Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Chromosomes
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Gene Density
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Eukaryotic Genome Structure
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Chromosome Structure
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Cell Cycle
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S Phase M Phase
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Mitosis Review
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Meiosis Review
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Cohesins and Condensins
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Nucleosomes
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Histones are small positively-charged proteins.
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Nucleosome Assembly
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Nucleosome Symmetry
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H3 and H4 bind the middle and the ends of the DNA, H2A and H2B bind a smaller region.
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Histones make nonspecific contacts with the phosphodiester backbone near the minor groove.
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Histone H1 binds to linker DNA and stabilizes the 30 nm fiber, which also required N-terminal tails.
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Chromosome Structure
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Nucleosome structure is dynamic.
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Some Nucleosomes are positioned.
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Histone modification alters nucleosome function.
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Ordered Modification of Chromatin Structure
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Nucleosome Inheritance
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Histone Chaperones
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