12_drugs_short and long term effects.ppt

8/19/2019 12_Drugs_short and long term effects.ppt

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SHORT AND LONG TERM EFFECTS

AND

WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS


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A pharmaceutical preparation or a naturally A pharmaceutical preparation or a naturallyoccurring substance used primarily to bringoccurring substance used primarily to bringabout a change in the existing process orabout a change in the existing process or

state (physiological, psychological orstate (physiological, psychological orbiochemical) can be called a ‘drug’biochemical) can be called a ‘drug’


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Intake of drugs toIntake of drugs to treat an illnesstreat an illness prevent a diseaseprevent a disease improve health conditionimprove health condition

Drug abuseDrug abuse

Intake of drugs for reasons other thanIntake of drugs for reasons other thanmedical in a manner that affectsmedical in a manner that affects

physical or mental functioningphysical or mental functioning

Drug useDrug use


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Drug addictionDrug addiction

oleranceolerance

!sychological dependence!sychological dependence !hysical dependence!hysical dependence

"ithdra#al"ithdra#al symptomssymptoms


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CLASSIFICATION OFCLASSIFICATION OF

ADDICTIVE DRUGSADDICTIVE DRUGS $arcotic analgesics$arcotic analgesics

%annabis%annabis &timulants&timulants DepressantsDepressants

'allucinogens'allucinogens olatile solventsolatile solvents ther drugs of abusether drugs of abuse


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!ain killing or pain relieving drugs #ith opium like!ain killing or pain relieving drugs #ith opium likeeffectseffects

NARCOTIC ANALGESICSNARCOTIC ANALGESICS

$atural sources * pium* piummorphinemorphinecodeinecodeine

&emi synthetic * 'eroin (bro#n sugar)* 'eroin (bro#n sugar)

&ynthetic * +uprenorphine (tidigesic)* +uprenorphine (tidigesic)ethadoneethadone

!enta-ocine!enta-ocine


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ode of intake *

pium . oral, inhalationpium . oral, inhalation

orphine . in/ectionorphine . in/ection

%odeine . oral (tablets and cough syrups)%odeine . oral (tablets and cough syrups)'eroin . in/ection, inhalation, chasing'eroin . in/ection, inhalation, chasing

+uprenorphine . oral, in/ection+uprenorphine . oral, in/ection


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SHORT - TERM EFFECTS OFSHORT - TERM EFFECTS OF

NARCOTIC ANALGESICSNARCOTIC ANALGESICS

0uphoria0uphoria hought process impairment, dro#siness, apathyhought process impairment, dro#siness, apathy 1reedom from pain1reedom from pain

verdose of heroin can cause convulsions, comaverdose of heroin can cause convulsions, comaand deathand death


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LONG-TERM EFFECTSLONG-TERM EFFECTS

ood instabilityood instability 2educed libido2educed libido %onstipation%onstipation

2espiratory impairments2espiratory impairments !hysical deterioration!hysical deterioration

Infections like serum hepatitis and 'I canInfections like serum hepatitis and 'I canoccur among I usersoccur among I users

In female abusers, menstrual irregularity andIn female abusers, menstrual irregularity andfetal addiction 3 abnormalityfetal addiction 3 abnormality


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Tolerance and dependence de elopTolerance and dependence de elop

1eeling of unpleasantness1eeling of unpleasantness &evere pain&evere pain

"ithdra#al symptoms

DiarrheaDiarrhea Dilation of pupilsDilation of pupils InsomniaInsomnia 'allucinations'allucinations


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SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OFSHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF

STIMULANTSSTIMULANTS

A heightened feeling of #ell being A heightened feeling of #ell being

A sense of super4abundant energy A sense of super4abundant energy

Increased motor and speech activityIncreased motor and speech activity

&uppression of appetite&uppression of appetite

Increased #akefulnessIncreased #akefulness


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%hronic sleep problem

!oor appetite2apid and irregular heart beat

ood s#ings

5Amphetamine psychosis’ may occur


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DEPRESSANTSDEPRESSANTS

Drugs #hich depress or slo# do#n thefunctions of the central nervous system

&edative4hypnotics&edative4hypnotics +arbiturates+arbiturates

+en-odia-epines+en-odia-epines Alcohol Alcohol


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DEPRESSANTSDEPRESSANTS

2elief from anxiety and tension2elief from anxiety and tension

0uphoria0uphoria 6o#ering of inhibitions6o#ering of inhibitions !oor motor coordination!oor motor coordination

Impaired concentration and /udgementImpaired concentration and /udgement &lurred speech and blurred vision&lurred speech and blurred vision &edation, sleep #ith larger doses&edation, sleep #ith larger doses


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LONG-TERM EFFECTS OFLONG-TERM EFFECTS OFDEPRESSANTSDEPRESSANTS

%hronic fatigue%hronic fatigue 2espiratory impairments2espiratory impairments Impaired sexual functionImpaired sexual function Decreased attention spanDecreased attention span

!oor memory and /udgement!oor memory and /udgement %hronic sleep problems%hronic sleep problems

DepressionDepression


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olerance and dependenceolerance and dependence

olerance does not develop uniformlyolerance does not develop uniformly%ross tolerance can develop%ross tolerance can develop!hysical and psychological dependence!hysical and psychological dependencedevelopsdevelops

InsomniaInsomnia

"eakness and nausea"eakness and nausea 'allucinations'allucinations %onvulsions%onvulsions Delirium tremensDelirium tremens

"ithdra#al symptoms


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HALLUCINOGENSHALLUCINOGENS

'allucinogens are drugs #hich affectperception, emotions and mental processes

6&D (6ysergic acid diethylamide)6&D (6ysergic acid diethylamide) !%! (!hencyclidine)!%! (!hencyclidine)

escalineescaline !silocybin!silocybin


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HALLUCINOGENSHALLUCINOGENS Alterations of mood Alterations of mood

Distortion of the sense of direction, distance andDistortion of the sense of direction, distance andtimetime

‘‘!seudo’ hallucinations!seudo’ hallucinations

&ynesthesia . melding of t#o sensory modalities&ynesthesia . melding of t#o sensory modalities 1eelings of depersonalisation1eelings of depersonalisation


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1lash back or spontaneous recurrence of on6&D experience can occur

Amotivational syndrome

6&D precipitated psychosis


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olerance and dependence

olerance develops rapidly

"ithdra#al symptoms are not reported


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CANNA!ISCANNA!IS

7an/a 3 ari/uana7an/a 3 ari/uana 'ashish 3 %haras'ashish 3 %haras 'ashish oil'ashish oil +hang+hang

%ommon mode of intake *

&moking


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SHORT TERM EFFECTSSHORT TERM EFFECTS

ild euphoriaild euphoria 6o#ering of inhibitions6o#ering of inhibitions Dilation of blood vesselsDilation of blood vessels Increased auditory and visual acuityIncreased auditory and visual acuity &ense of smell, touch and taste are often&ense of smell, touch and taste are often

enhancedenhanced Altered sense of time perception Altered sense of time perception Impaired short4term memoryImpaired short4term memory Impairment of ability to perform complex motorImpairment of ability to perform complex motor

taskstasks


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Decreased cognitive abilityDecreased cognitive ability

Amotivational syndrome Amotivational syndrome

!sychosis!sychosis

2espiratory problems2espiratory problems

&terility 3 impotence&terility 3 impotence In #omen abusers, fetal damage can occur In #omen abusers, fetal damage can occur


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&leep disturbances&leep disturbances6oss of appetite, irritability6oss of appetite, irritability

Tolerance and psychological

dependence de elop"ithdra#al symptoms

remorsremors

Depression or psychotic symptoms mayDepression or psychotic symptoms may

become prominent become prominent


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VOLATILE SOLVENTSVOLATILE SOLVENTS

olatile hydrocarbonsolatile hydrocarbons

!etroleum derivatives!etroleum derivatives


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SHORT-TERM EFFECTSSHORT-TERM EFFECTS

0uphoria0uphoria

%louded thinking%louded thinking &lurred speech&lurred speech &taggering gait&taggering gait 'allucinations'allucinations &udden death&udden death


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!sychosis!sychosis

!ermanent brain damage!ermanent brain damage

6iver, kidney and heart damage6iver, kidney and heart damage


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OTHER DRUGS OF A!USEOTHER DRUGS OF A!USE

uscle relaxantsuscle relaxants

Analgesics Analgesics

Anti4histamines Anti4histamines

Anti4emetics Anti4emetics

Anti4depressants 3 anti4psychotics Anti4depressants 3 anti4psychotics


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DAMAGE DUE TO ADDICTIONDAMAGE DUE TO ADDICTION

!hysical deterioration!hysical deterioration !sychiatric problems!sychiatric problems Intellectual impairmentIntellectual impairment !ersonality deterioration!ersonality deterioration

&afety risks . accidents and high risk behaviour&afety risks . accidents and high risk behaviour 6egal risks6egal risks


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12_drugs_short and long term effects.ppt

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