12A

Investigate and explain how internal structures of organisms have adaptations that allow specific functions such as gills in fish, hollow bones in birds, or xylem in plants.

Notes:

Animal and Plant

Adaptations!

What is an adaptation?

Animals have certain adaptations that help them to survive.

FishWhat is it

about a fish that makes it

able to breathe

under water?

BirdsWhat is it about a bird that makes it

able to fly?

The structure or behavior that helps an organism survive in their environment

Fish Internal Structures

GillsGills make it

possible for fish to breathe under

water

Internal structures allow fish to survive in their environment!

internal structures are parts of living things found inside and not usually seen.

How do gills work?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TC-OaxQzRU

First, a fish swallows water through its mouth.

Then, the water flows over the gills. The gills extract oxygen from the water which passes back out of the fish beneath the operculum that covers the gills.

The oxygen is absorbed through the capillaries into the blood stream of the fish.

1. Wings2. sternum3. flight feathers4. hollow bones

"flight feathers" are long, strong, and able to produce lift

Located at the end of the bird “tail feathers” and end of each wing

Lightweight hollow bones

What structures allow birds to

fly?

Compare bird & mammal BONES

Bird Bone Mammal Bone

* Bird bones are lightweight and hollow.* Mammal bones are filled with bone marrow and

are much heavier.

Bird Anatomy Their entire body inside and out has

been designed for flight.

The biggest muscles a bird has are its flight muscles. These are very strong because they have to raise the entire body into the air.

Flight Muscles are located under the Bird’s Sternum and Keel.Where are these muscles found?

Compare

Bird Sternum & Keel

Human Sternum

Internal plant structuresXylem-System of tubes in a plant that transport water and dissolved minerals.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLLe5Bw8evYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGCnuXxbZGk Xylem

The xylem distributes the water throughout the plant.