129942151 hr project trg 26 devlopment recuritment project

7/30/2019 129942151 HR Project Trg 26 Devlopment Recuritment Project

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PROJECT REPORT

SSR College of Science, Commerce & Management

Study Center: Periyar University-Salem-636011

A Dissertation Report on

Training and Development Systems

@

M/S Pragathi Consultancy Services (PCS).

Submitted to Periyar University in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Under the Guidance___________________________________________________________________

Mr. Santosh Avadhani Prof.GG Pai. BA, ATI, MBACEO Faculty Guide

Pragathi Consultancy Services SSR College

Bangalore. Bangalore____________

By

Sharmila Parveen

(Reg No 05DBIA1047)

(2005- 2007)



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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Dissertation Titled An Extensive study of

Training & Development systems at M/S Pragathi Consulting

Services . (PCS)is based on an Original Project Study conducted by

Ms. Sharmila Parveen of IV semesterMBA Programme under the

Guidance of

Mr. GG Pai.

This dissertation is based on original Research and has not formed

basis for the award of any other Degree/Diploma By Periyar

University.

Mr.NN Giri

Principal SSR College

Bangalore


Study Center: Periyar University-Salem-636011.

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GUIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Dissertation entitled An analytical

study of Training & development systemUndertaken At

M/S Pragathi ConstancyServices Bangalore

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of the Degree of

Master of Business Administration, Is a bonafide work carried out by

Ms.Sharmila Parveen

Reg No 05DBIA1047

Under my supervision and guidance and that no part of this report has been submittedfor the award of any other Degree and the work has not been published in any scientific

or popular magazines.

Prof.GG Pai. BA, ATI, MBA

Project Guide-MBASSRC Bangalore

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Bangalore

STUDENT DECLARATION

I here by declare that the project Report or the Dissertation entitled

An Study of

Training & Development system

Undertaken at

M/S PRAGATHI CONSULTING SERVICES (PCS)

Under the Guidance of

Mr. SantoshAvadhani & Prof. GG Pai. BA, ATI, MBA

CEO Faculty Guide

Pragathi consulting Services SSRCBangalore Bangalore

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the award of the

Degree of Master of Business Administration,to Periyar University

Is the result of my own effort and has not been submitted to any other

institution for the award of any degree

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Place: Bangalore

Date: Sharmila Parveen

Reg.No 05DBIA1043

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am pleased to record my gratitude and sincere thanks to my guide Prof. GG Pai faculty

guide, SSRC, Bangalore for his sincere guidance and valuable assistance for completing

this report.

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Mr. NN.Giri Principal SSRC Bangalore for

giving this opportunity.

I also take this moment to express my gratitude to Mr. Raghunath BV HR& Admin

Professional, Bangalore.

I am also indebted to my parents and friends for their support for completing this project

successfully.

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Sharmila Parveen

Reg.No 05DBIA1047

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Particulars Page

No.

Certificate from the OrganizationCertificate from the CollegeStudent DeclarationGuide Certificate

Acknowledgement1 Introduction to Training 072 Training Objective 103 Introduction to HRM 124 Background Scenario of the Training 15

5 Classification of Training 22

6 Company Profile-PCS 317 Research & Methodology 378 Formulation of Hypotheses 409 Data Analysis 51

10 Findings From the study 6711 Suggestions& Recommendations 6912 Conclusion 7113 Bibliography 7414 Annexure & Questionnaires 76

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Introduction To Training & Development

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Training is process of learning a sequence of programmed behavior. It is the application

of knowledge. It gives people an awareness of the rules and procedures to guide their

behaviors. It attempts to improve their performance on the current job and prepares themfor an intended job.

Need for training :

Specifically, the need for training arises due to the following reasons: To match the

employee specifications with the Job requirements and organizational Needs:

Management finds deviations between employees present specifications and the job

requirements and organizational needs. Training is needed to fill these gaps by

developing and molding the employee skills, knowledge, attitude, behavior, etc to the

tune of the job requirements and organizational needs as felt Glaxo India, ICICI

Organizational Viability and the Transformation Process: The primary goal of most of the

organizations is that their viability is continuously influenced by environmental pressure.

If the organization desires to adapt to these changes, first it has to train the employees to

impart specific skills and knowledge in order to enable them to contribute to

organizational efficiency and to cope with training in order to ensure a smooth

transformation process.Technological Advance: Every organization to survive and to be effective should adopt

the latest technology i.e. mechanization, computerization and automation. So, the

organization should train the employees train the employees to enrich them in the areas

of changing technical skills and knowledge from time to time.________________________________________________________________________Page 8 of 80

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Organizational Complexity: With the emergence of increased mechanization and

automation, manufacturing of multiple products and by-products or dealing in services of

diversified lines, extension of operations to various regions of the country or in overseascountries, organization of most of the companies has become complex: This creates the

complex problems of co-ordination and integration of activities adaptable for and

adaptable to the expanding and diversifying situations. This situation calls for training in

the skills of co-ordination, integration and adaptability to the requirements of growth,

diversification and expansion.

Human relations: Trends in approach towards personnel management has changed from

the commodity approach to partnership approach, crossing the human relations besidesmaintaining sound industrial relations although hitherto the managers are not accustomed

to deal with the workers accordingly. Training in human relations is necessary to deal

with human problems.

Change in the job assignment: Training is also necessary when the existing employee is

promoted to the higher level in the organization and when there is some new job or

occupation due to transfer. Training is also necessary to equip employees with advanced

displaces, techniques or technology. Training also becomes essential when an

organization has plans for modernization.

The need for training also arises to:

Increased Productivity.

Improved quality of the product/service.

Help a company to fulfill its future personnel needs.

Improved organizational climate.

Improved health and safety.

Prevent obsolescence.

Effect personal growth.

Minimize the resistance to change and________________________________________________________________________Page 9 of 80

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To act as mentor.

Training objectives

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The personnel manager formulates the following training objectives in keeping with the

companys goals and objectives: To prepare the employees, both new and old to meet the present as well as the

changing requirement6s of the job and the organization.

To prevent obsolescence.

To impart the new entrants the basic knowledge and skills they need for an

intelligent performance of a definite job.

To prepare employees for higher-level tasks.

To assist employees to function more effectively in their present positions byexposing them to the latest concepts, information and techniques and developing

the skills they will need in their particular fields.

To build up a second line of competent officers and prepare them top occupy

more responsible positions.

To broaden the minds of senior managers by providing them with opportunities

for an interchange of experiences within and outside with a view to correcting the

narrown3ess of outlook that may arise from over-specialization. To develop the potentialities of people for the next level job.

To ensure smooth and efficient working of a department.

To ensure economical output of required quality.

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To promote individual and collective morale, a sense of responsibility, co-

operative attitudes and good relationships

Introduction to HRM

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Need for the Study :

Shortage of skills.

Skills and knowledge people are always on short supply. Alternatively they are too costly

to hire from outside. The best alternative is to improve skill and knowledge of existing

employees.

Technological Obsolescence.

Growth of technology takes places very fast. This will render current technology obsoletein the future. There is a great need to upgrade technology. This needs suitable training.

Personal Obsolescence.

At the time recruitment employees possess certain of knowledge and skill. As time passes

knowledge becomes obsolete, unless it is updated by proper training. This happens

because of changes taking place in product technology, production methods, procurement

of better machines, setting up of modern production lines, introduction of modern method

of supervision and information processing through MIS and EDO.. Organization Obsolescence.

Modern management has introduced a number of innovative steps in functions of

management like planning, organizing, controlling, coordinating and directing.

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Upgrading Ability of Threshold workers.

Public policy provides reservation to disadvantaged sections of the society like

handicapped, minorities and dependents of deceased workers etc. All these are thresholdworkers having less than minimum prescribed level of knowledge and skill. They require

extensive training to bring them up to the minimum level of performance standard.

Coercive training by government.

In order to provide better employability chances of unemployed youth, certain

governments taken initiative to mobilize resources available at pubic/government and

private sectors to outside candidates. One such example is the Apprentice Training conducted by govt. of India. A part of expenditure incurred for this by private sectors are

reimbursed by government.

Human capital

The latest thinking is to treat employees as human capital. The expenditure involved is

training and developments are now being considered as an investment.

Environmental Influences on HRM: Since 1930s, certain developments took place,

which greatly contributed, to the evolution and growth of Human Resources Management

(HRM). These developments are given below:

Scientific Management

Labour Movements

Government Regulations.

Evolution of HRM

Personnel functions: Till 1930s, it was not felt necessary to have a separate discipline

of management called Personnel management. In fact, this job was assigned as part of

the factory manager. Adam Smiths concept of factory was that it consists of three

resources, land, labour and capital. This factory manager is expected to procure,

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Process and peddle labour as one of the resources. The first time when such a specialist

person was used; it was to maintain a buffer between employer and employee to

meet the legitimate need of employees. However, it is the employer who decided whatis legitimate need of employees. In fact, the specialist person was more needed to

prevent unionization of employees. This was the case before 1930-s all over the world.

Earlier references: In western countries HRM had its primitive beginning in 1930s. Not

much thought was given on this subject in particular and no written records or documents

interesting to note HRM concepts was available, in ancient philosophies of Greek, Indian

and Chinese. This is not to suggest that industrial establishment and factories system, as it

is known today, existed in ancient Greece, India or china. The philosophy of managing..

BACKGROUND SCENARIO TRAINING

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William James of Harvard University estimated that employees could retain their

jobs by working at a mere 20-30 percent of their potential. His research led him to

believe that if these same employees were properly motivated, they could work at 80-

90% of their capabilities. Behavioral science concepts like motivation and enhanced

productivity could well be used for such improvements in employee output. Training

could be one of the means used to achieve such improvements through the effective andefficient use of learning resources.

Training and development has been considered an integral part of any organization

since the industrial revolution era. From training imparted to improve mass production to

now training employees on soft skills and attitudinal change, training industry has come a

long way today. In fact most training companies are expecting the market to double by

the year 2007, which just means that the Indian training industry seems to have come of

age.

Organization and individual should develop and progress simultaneously for the their

survival and attainment of mutual goals. So, every modern management has to develop

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the organization through human resource development. Employee training is the most

important sub-system of human resources development. Training is a specialized function

and one of the fundamental operative functions for human resources management.

The market is unofficially estimated to be anywhere between Rs 3000 crores and Rs

6000 crores. What is surprising is that the Indian companies. Perception regarding

corporate training seems to have undergone a sea-change in the past two years, with most

companies realizing it to be an integral part of enhancing productivity of its personnel.

While MNC.s with their global standards of training are the harbingers of corporate

training culture in India, the bug seems to have bitten most companies aiming atincreasing their efficiency.

According to Ms Pallavi Jha, Managing Director, Walchand Capital and Dale Carnegi

Training India, "The Indian training industry is estimated at approximately Rs 3,000

crores per annum. The NFO study states that over a third of this is in the area of behavior

and soft skills development. With the exponential boom in the services sector and the

emergence of a full-fledged consumer-driven market, human resources have become the

key assets, which organizations cannot ignore. With soft skills training gaining so much

momentum, it.s imperative to understand if it serving the right purpose or not. With this

background, I plan to research if training indeed is proving to be effective in the

behavioral area.

The following steps must form the basis of any training activity:

Determine the training needs and objectives.

Translate them into programs that meet the needs of the selected trainees. Evaluate the results.

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There are few generalizations about training that can help the practitioner. Training

should be seen as a long term investment in human resources using the equation given

below:Performance = ability (x) motivation

Training can have an impact on both these factors. It can heighten the skills and abilities

of the employees and their motivation by increasing their sense of commitment and

encouraging them to develop and use new skills. It is a powerful tool that can have a

major impact on both employee productivity and morale, if properly used.

Scope of Human Resource Management

The Scope of HRM is in deed fast. All major activities in the working life of

worker from time of his entry in an organization until he / she leaves, come under the

preview of HRM. Specifically, the activities included are Human Resource planning, Job

analysis and design, Recruitment, Selection, Orientation and placement, Training and

development, Performance appraisal and Job evaluation, employee and executive

remuneration and communication, employee welfare, safety and health, industrial

relations and the like.

HRM is becoming a specialized branch giving rise to a number of specialized areas like :

Staffing

Welfare and Safety Wages and Salary Administration

Training and Development

Labour Relations

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Objectives of the HRM are to secure the following: -

1. Industrial peace: This is secured by excellent union management relations, healthyinter-personal relationships, and promoting participative management style and good

industrial and labour relations.

2. Achieve High Productivity: The underlying objective brings to increase the quantity

or volume of the product or service for a given input, productivity improvement

programme is very significant in a competitive environment.

3. Better quality of working life of employees: This involves both intrinsic and extrinsic

factors connected with work.4. Obtain and sustain competitive advantage through empowerment : continuous

improvement and innovative steps being the two essential ingredients to achieve and

sustain competitive advantage, todays industries

are knowledge based and skill intensive.

5. Cordial relationship between the employer and employees.

6. Personnel research functions.

7. Proper orientation and introduction to the new employees.

What is Training?

Training is the act of increasing the knowledge of an employee for doing a

particular job. -Edwin B Flippo

Training is process of learning a sequence of programmed behavior. It is the application

of knowledge. It gives people an awareness of the rules and procedures to guide their

behaviors. It attempts to improve their performance on the current job and prepares themfor an intended job.

What is Development?

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Development is a related process. It covers not only those activities which improve

job performance but also those which bring about growth of the personality.

Training a person for a bigger and higher job is development, this process includes

not only imparting skills but also certain mental and personality attributes.

Need for training :

Specifically, the need for training arises due to the following reasons: To

match the employee specifications with the Job requirements and

organizational Needs: Management finds deviations between employees

present specifications and the job requirements and organizational needs.Training is needed to fill these gaps by developing and molding the

employee skills, knowledge, attitude, behavior, etc to the tune of the job

requirements and organizational needs as felt Glaxo India, ICICI

Organizational Viability and the Transformation Process: The primary

goal of most of the organizations is that their viability is continuously

influenced by environmental pressure. If the organization desires to adapt

to these changes, first it has to train the employees to impart specific skills

and knowledge in order to enable them to contribute to organizational

efficiency and to cope with training in order to ensure a smooth

transformation process.

Technological Advance: Every organization to survive and to be effective

should adopt the latest technology i.e. mechanization, computerization and

automation. So, the organization should train the employees train the

employees to enrich them in the areas of changing technical skills and

knowledge from time to time. Organizational Complexity: With the emergence of increased

mechanization and automation, manufacturing of multiple products and

by-products or dealing in services of diversified lines, extension of

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operations to various regions of the country or in overseas countries,

organization of most of the companies has become complex: This creates

the complex problems of co-ordination and integration of activitiesadaptable for and adaptable to the expanding and diversifying situations.

This situation calls for training in the skills of co-ordination, integration

and adaptability to the requirements of growth, diversification and

expansion.

Human relations: Trends in approach towards personnel management has

changed from the commodity approach to partnership approach, crossing

the human relations besides maintaining sound industrial relationsalthough hitherto the managers are not accustomed to deal with the

workers accordingly. Training in human relations is necessary to deal with

human problems.

Change in the job assignment: Training is also necessary when the

existing employee is promoted to the higher level in the organization and

when there is some new job or occupation due to transfer. Training is also

necessary to equip employees with advanced displaces, techniques or

technology. Training also becomes essential when an organization has

plans for modernization.

The need for training also arises to:

Increased Productivity.

Improved quality of the product/service.

Help a company to fulfill its future personnel needs.

Improved organizational climate.

Improved health and safety.

Prevent obsolescence.

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Effect personal growth.

Minimize the resistance to change and

To act as mentor.

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Classification of Training

There are a number of training methods available. Use of particular methods depends on

the trainees viz., worker, supervisor, and manager. Basically these methods can be

classified into following broad categories:

On the job training

Off the job training

In regard to employees, other than managers (executives following are the methods of

training:

On the job training

1. Apprenticeship training.

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2. Job instruction training (JIT).

Off the job training

1.Class room lectures.

2. Conferences/seminars.

3. Group discussions/case study analysis.

4. Audio visual/film shows.

5. Simulation/Computer modeling.

6. Vestibule training.

7. Programmed instructions (PI).8. Games and Role-playing.

On The Job Training:

Apprenticeship Training:

Skilled worker and apprenticeship training. The duration of the course/training depends

on the nature of trade and desired skill level. Apprenticeship training is normally given to

artisans, electricians, plumbers, bricklayers and the like. The duration normally varies

from 2 to 5 years. This should not mix up with government sponsored Apprenticeship

Training for unemployed youth certain underdeveloped nations like India.

Apprenticeship training is carried out under the guidance and intimate supervision of a

master craftsmans/expert worker/supervisor. During apprenticeship training period, the

trainee is paid less than that of a qualified worker.

Job Instruction Training(JIT):

During Second World War, Allied Forces experienced acute shortage of skilled craftsmen

and able supervisors. Special training programme was initiated on warfootings. Special

training. Training within industry(TWI) was one such programme. JIT was part of TWI.

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JIT was intended for developing efficient supervisiors. JIT proved very effective and

extremely popular.

Off The Job Training:

Class Room Lectures:

This is the simplest form of training. This is a best form of instruction when the intention

is to convey information on rules, regulations, policies, and procedures. This form so also

suited on imparting knowledge on theory and concepts. Lecture form has limited success

when the objective is to improve the skill level of trainees. Another advantage is that itcan be used effectively even when numbers of trainees. Another advantage is that it can

be used effectively even when numbers of trainees are more. It also saves time. Major

disadvantage is that it involves passive participants of trainees and depends on ability of

teacher to a great extent.

Conferences, Seminars and Workshops:

This is a formal method of arranging meeting in which in which individuals confer to

discuss points of common interest for enriching their knowledge and skill. This is a group

activity. It encourages group discussion and participation of individuals for seeking

clarifications and offering explanatations and own experiences. It is a planned activity

with a leader/ moderator to guide the proceedings, which is focused on agreed agenda

points prefixed during planning of such conferences. There are 3 variations nearly

Directed conferences, Training conference and seminar/workshops.

Audio/Visual and film shows:

In order to improve understanding, audio-visual aids considered very useful andsometimes inescapable to demonstrate operation of a machine or explain a process.

Audio visual and film shows can supplement the efforts of lecturing and improve its

effectiveness.

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Group Discussions and Case study analysis:

Christopher Langdell initially introduced case study method at Harvard Law School in1880s. The principle used is experience is the best teacher. Here several empirical

studies are examined in details to find out commonalities to derive general principles.

This method has, however, limited use for workers but better use for supervisiors. In

case of workers , one area of importance in this method is that of quality control .

The case study is based upon the belief that managerial competence can best attained

through the study, contemplation and discussion of concrete cases.

Simulation/Computer Modelling:

Any training activity in which actual working environment is artificially created as near

and realistic as possible, is called simulation training. Case study analysis experimenting

exercises, game playing, computer modeling and vestibule training etc. come under this

category. When using computer-programming method artificially creates work

environment, we call it computer modeling.

Vestibule Training :

In vestibule training, employees are trained on the equipment they are employed, but the

training is conducted away from the place of work. For training a machineshop operator,

a vestibule or separate room is arranged for training in which all necessary equipment andmachines required in an actual machineshop are duplicated.

Programmed instruction:

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Programmed instruction is a structured method of instruction aided through texts,

handouts, books, and computer aided instructions(CAI) . In this case the instruction

material and information is broken down in meaningful units and arranged in a propersequence to form a logical method of learning package, the learning ability is tested and

evaluated in real time basis.

Retraining:

Technology is advancing at a very rapid pace. Hence obsolescence is a major problem

fixed by individual workers. Second problem faced by the workers are the introduction of

automation. Loyal workers of long service, suddenly find themselves useless to thecompany. There are many instances of protests and fear by many workers in various

fields like railways, posts and telegraphs, LIC, Banking etc..

Phases of training:

The various steps involved in the design and development of training programme

particularly for the employees are:

1) Identification of training needs of employees

2) Planning of training programme

3) Preparation of trainees

4) Implementation

5) Evaluation

The last stage in the training programme process is the evaluation of results this is the

main part to know the effectiveness/determines the results of the training programme.

Benefits of training

How Training Benefits the Organization :

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Leads to improved profitability and/or more positive attitudes toward profits

orientation

Improve the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organization

Improve the morale of the workforce

Helps people identify with organizational goals

Helps create a better corporate image

Fosters authenticity, openness and trust

Improves the relationship between boss and subordinate

Aids in organizational development

Learns from the trainee

Helps prepares in guidelines for work

Aids in understanding and carrying out organizational policies

Provides information for future needs and all areas of the organization

Improves labor management relations

Helps prepare guidelines for work

Organization gets more effective decision making and problem solving skills

Aids in development for promotion from within

Aids in developing leadership skills, motivation, loyalty, better attitudes and

others aspects that successful workers and managers usually display.

Helps keep costs in many areas, e.g. production, personnel distribution etc

Develops a sense of responsibility t the organization for being competent and

knowledgeable.

Benefits to the individual which in turn ultimately should benefit the organization :

Helps the individual in making better decisions and effective problem solving.

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Through training and development, motivational variables of recognition,

achievement, growth, responsibility and advancement are internalized and

operationalised. Aids in encouraging and achieving self-development and self-confidence.

Provides information for improving leadership, knowledge, communication skills

and attitudes.

Increases job satisfaction and recognition.

Moves a person towards personal goals while improving interactive skills.

Provides the trainee an avenue for growth and a say in his/her own future

Develops sense of growth in learning.

Helps a person develop speaking and listening skills: also writing skills when

exercises are required.

Helps eliminate fear in attempting new tasks.

Benefits in personnel and Human Relations, Intragroup and intergroup relations

and policy implementations:

Improves communication between groups and individuals. Aids in orientation for new employees and those taking new jobs through transfer

or promotion.

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IMPEDIMENTS TO EFFECTIVE TRAINING :

There are impediments which can make a training programme ineffective: Management commitment is lacking and uneven: Most companies do not spend

money on training. Those that do tend to concentrate on managers, technicians

and professionals. The rank and file workers are ignored. This must change for as

a result of rapid technological change, combined with new approaches to

organizational design and production management, workers are required to learn

three types of new skills:

(I)the ability to use technology.(ii) the ability to maintain it.

(iii) the ability to diagnose system problems.

In an increasingly competitive environment, the ability to implement

rapid changes in product and technologies is often essential for economic

viability.

Aggregate spending on training is inadequate: companies spend misuscule of

their revenues on training. Worse still, budget allocation to training is the first

item to be cut when a company faces financial crunch.

Educational institutions award degrees but graduates lack skills: This is the

reason why business must spend vast sums of money to train workers in basic

skills. Organizations also need to train employees in multiple skills. Managers,

particularly at the middle level, need to be retrained in team-playing skills,

entrepreneurship skills, leadership skills and customer oriented skills.

Large scale poaching of trained workers: Trained workforce is in great demand.

Unlike Germany, where local business groups pressure companies not to poachcompanys employees there is no such system in our country. Companies in our

country, however insist on employees to sign bongs of tenure before sending

them for training, particularly before deputing them to undergo training in foreign

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countries. Such bonds are not effective as the employees or the poachers are to

pay the stipulated amounts as compensation when the bounds are breached.

No help to workers displaced because of downsizing: Organizations aredownsizing and de-layering in order to trim their workforces. The govt should set

apart certain fund from the national renewal fund for the purpose of retraining and

rehabilitating displaced workers.

Employers and B schools must develop closer ties: B schools are often seen as

not responding to labour-market demands. Business is seen as not communicating

its demand in B schools. This must change.

Organised labour can help: organized labour can play a positive role in impartingtrainng to workers. Major trade unions in our country seem to be busy in

attending to mundane issues such as bonus, wages, settlement of disputes and the

like. They have little time in imparting training to their members.

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Company Profile

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Pragathi Consultancy Services

Young and very experienced - that's probably the best way to describe us !

Pragathi helps companies in searching, selecting and managing the ever-valuable humanassets. Formed in 2005, PCS enjoys an enviable reputation for deliveringefficient, effective and professional solutions to meet our IT and ITES clientsdiverse recruitment needs. We guide the candidates too about the bestopportunities in the marketplace, and constantly advise them in their careerprogression.

Pragathi Consulting brings valuable experience to benchmark, revise, implement and

preach the best practices of recruiting to our clients. We will conduct business and HRprocess reviews to assess what works and what doesn't within the client's uniquecorporate environment.

Pragathi Consulting will implement methods to decrease the joining time, reduce thecost-per-hire, and propose tailored solutions to streamline your recruitment process. Ourservices give you the opportunity to focus your expertise where it counts - on your uniquebusiness endeavors. Our goal is to ensure that our clients succeed in meeting their hiringgoals with cost-effectiveness in mind.

Our recruitment performance consulting services are designed to help take your companyto the next level of recruitment capability. Our recruitment consultants are all senior level

recruiters with years of IT and software experience in recruiting, screening, and hiringtechniques that produce lasting results in IT sector.

At PCS, we energetically strive to deliver the best employment options for greatcompanies and the associates we place within them. We serve best and respected

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companies by sending them the highest-quality individuals for temporary, temp-to-hireand full-time positions.

Companies make Pragathi their first choice for full-time, direct hire, temp-to-hire andtemporary employment agencies because we're at the forefront of the ever-changingstaffing industry. We meet our clients' needs - precisely, quickly and cost-effectively -with the finest talent.

Adopt a "Do what it takes to get the job done

Human Resource Management in PCS :

Personnel/Human Resource of an undertaking is its important constituent.Efficiency, Profitability and in fact the very existence of the undertaking will depend on

this constituents. Co-operation and dedication in performance on the part of its personnel

ends in the accomplishment of its objectives. Therefore human resource is of immense

importance since it involves matters such as identifying, placing, evaluating, and

developing individuals at work and maintaining effective multilateral communication

systems. Human resources along with financial and material resources contribute to

production of goods and services in an organization.. In short HRM may be defined asthe art of procuring, developing and maintaining competent workforce to achieve the

goals of an organization in an effective and efficient manner.

Clints:

Skilled, experienced, high-quality professionals are always at a premium and thecompetition to acquire such individuals will always be fierce, especially in these boomingtimes. At Pragathi, we believe that by fostering a positive, professional and attractiveculture, we are able to attract these candidates on behalf of our clients.

Relationships are at the core of our business. To successfully match candidates to clients,we believe we have to look at more than a resume.

We prefer for our consultants to meet with clients at their offices. This allows us to gainan insight into a client's working culture, as well as taking a detailed brief about theircompany and the position they wish to fill.

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Our candidates are our product and we want our product to be the best. We attractprospective applicants through advertising, and intensive searching and selection throughjob portals, and our in-house databases, and will invite only those we judge to be of

suitable quality to interact with one of our consultants for private interviews. At thispoint, our consultants will add a comprehensive report to the candidate's application.

We use self developed enterprise recruitment software, enabling us to conduct acomprehensive search of our candidate database for the criteria specified by our clients.We also have the latest skills testing software to validate the candidate's proficiency andexperience on all the major software technologies. We can assist in managerial aptitudeand psychometric tests too.

Only candidates who complete our rigorous selection process will be entered into ourrecords and considered for a specific role or other appropriate appointments. We don'tadd everyone we meet to our books.

For additional information, prior to interviews, clients are provided with our consultant'sinitial interview reports. Interviews usually take place at the client's offices, but ifrequired, we are happy for our clients to make use of our offices.

About HR Team:

Well Trained Staff of Four Professionals, and 2 of Business unit HR Professional, andanother Two for Training and HR operations.

HR Team:

PCS also had on Excellent HR and Development team of 50+ man power Strength acrossthe world.

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Organization Chart of Technical Team

Training in PCS :

Training is the most important activity and plays an important role in the

development of human resources. To put the right man at the right task with the

trained personnel has now become essential in todays Globalized Market. No

organization has a choice on whether or not to develop employees. Therefore

training has nowadays become an important and required factor for maintaining

and improving interpersonal and inter group collaboration. Our approach to

training must be to increase productivity and profitability and secondly to

initiate personal growth and development.

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HR

Intigrated QC

Java Team Dot net Team Testing Team TSR Group

Admin DeptFinance

VP- Operations

Marketing


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Registered Corporate office

Pragathi Consultancy Services,

#331,1st floor, 8th Cross

Aavalahalli Extn, BDA LayoutGirinagar

Bangalore - 560085.

INDIA

Performance of PCS in last 2 years:

Sl.No Particulars 2005 - 06 2006 - 071 Customers 26.57 lakhs 35.44 lakhs2 Revenue Demand 25 crores 40 crores3 Revenue Collection 15 crores 18 crores8 T & D Losses 28% 23.88%9 External Trainings 15% 12.5%

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Research & Methodology

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The Training programme plays an important role in increasing the knowledge and skill of

an employee for doing a particular job. Training is a short term educational process and

utilizing a systematic and organized procedure by which employees learn technical

knowledge and skills for a definite purpose and then reward the employees based on the

performance through performance appraisal system after the training programme areconducted. Therefore the study is completely based on the training and development

programmes conducted in PCS .

Objectives of the study

To analyze the training methods followed in PCS its merits pitfalls.

To put forward suggestions and recommendations in the Training methods

followed in the organization.

To analyse whether the training has reached the employees.

The purpose of the study is to understand the training and development

programme followed in PCS. The methodology evolves from the objectives

of the project and involves collecting primary and secondary data.

Research Design

The research design adopted is descriptive research design. It involves fact-finding,

Inquiries of different kinds etc. The researcher has a wide variety of methods to consider,

either singly or in combination. They can be grouped as

1. Primary source of data

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2. Secondary source of data

For this dissertation the data was collected from both the sources.

Primary dataData is made available through interview and questionnaires.

Appointments were with scientists and interviews were conducted. Questionnaires were

prepared for trainers and trainees to know the methods adopted by the organization.

Secondary data Data were collected from documents, records, Journals, Internet, text

books and company past records etc.

Sampling unit/Target group

The respondents were Linemen, Assistant Executives /Junior Executives, Senior

Assistants /Assistant etc.

Sample size

As the name indicates, sample size refers to the number of respondents or the size of the

sample, which is to be surveyed. Here the sample size taken for the study was 40.

Sampling procedure

It refers to the definite plan adopted by the research for obtaining the data from the

respondents; the technique adopted here is to gather data from sampling unit,

questionnaire method and interview.

Statistical tools used

The various statistical tools for the analysis and interpretation of data are simple

percentage method and Pie charts.

Percentage was calculated for each factor as per the below shown formula

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Percentage = ----------------------------------------------------------

Total number of respondents

FORMULATION OF HYPOTHESIS

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The hypothesis has been to analyze the effectiveness of training programme conducted

in the company i.e. it analyzes the effective training methods and techniques adopted to

achieve the organizational goals.

Tools used for testing of hypothesis

A Hypothesis is the tentative explanatation for something. It frequently attempts to

answer the questions How and Why at one level, hypothesis simply suggests how

particular variable is related.

At a more theoretical level hypothesis may offer a reason for the way that particularvariable was selected generally speaking, it is a logically organized set of proposition

which serves to define the events describe the relationships among these events and

explains the occurrence of these events.

By hypothesis we mean a statement hypothesis testing deals with a procedure, which

aspects or rejects the hypothesis.

The two hypothesis are :

NULL HYPOTHESIS

It states there is no significance difference between the sample value and population

value. This means that the observe difference is clue to the random fluctuations Ho

denotes the null hypothesis.

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ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

In case the null is rejected, we should have the alternate hypothesis to accept alternative

hypothesis denoted accordingly.

Types of Errors

While testing hypothesis, there are four possible combinations between the population

value and sample value. The four combinations are:

Hypothesis is true & test accepts it.

Hypothesis is true & test rejects it. (Type 1 error)

Hypothesis is false & test accepts it. (Type 2 error)Hypothesis is false & test rejects it.

Level of significance

It is nothing but the probability of rejecting a true hypothesis and denoted by .

1- gives the level of confidence of the experiment in taking the decision. It is always

preferable to keep the level of significance at a low percentage. It means that we should

not reject a true hypothesis. represents the risk of accepting a false hypothesis 1- is

called the power of the test.

Acceptance region

This represents the region with in which the calculated of the statistics must lie to accept

the null hypothesis. If calculated value lies in this region then the null hypothesis will be

rejected.

Hypothesis testing procedure :

1. Set up a null hypothesis denoted by Ho this means there is no significant difference

between sample value and population value. In case if Ho is rejected we must have an

alternative hypothesis.

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3. Select an appropriate distribution for the test, which is known as test hypothesis the

distribution generally used are normal distribution students t distribution, Fisher F

distribution or chi-square distribution.

4. Calculate the necessary values from the given data for the test.

5. Make conclusion from testing. If calculated value is less than the tabulated value,

else Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected.

Test of Hypothesis

Whether the training and development activities has reached the employees or not .Efforts are made in the study for proving the following hypothesis.

Information:

Sample size : 40

Number of respondents for YES : 38

Number of respondents for NO : 2

Assumptions:

The test is at 5% level of significance.

It is assumed that out of total population 5% of the respondents will respond negatively.

Such a test for attributes are one tailed on the basis of the above assumptions

Null hypothesis = Ho = Training and development activities has not reached the

employees effectively.

Alternative hypothesis = Ha = Training and development activities has reached the


Test statistic Zcal = p-P

PQ n

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p = Population proportion

P = sample proportion

Q = Significance

Given:

p = 38/40 = 0.92

P = 95% = 0.95

Q = 1-P = 1-0.95 = 0.05

n = 40

Therfore,

Zcal = p-P

PQ/n

= 0.950.05/40

= 0.03

Zcal = 0.92-0.95

0.03

Ztab = 1.96

Conclusion

Zcal < Ztab

Therefore , we can infer that training and development activities has reached the


Limitations of the study

1. The time duration was very short, to complete the study in the stipulated time.

2. The study is purely confined to PCS and based on the facts and data provided by the

company.________________________________________________________________________Page 45 of 80

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3. Due to time and financial constraints it was possible to interview 40 respondents

though we selected 60 respondents. However, adequate representation was given for all

categories of employees and officers.

TRAINING IS REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE THE FOLLOWING:

Growth, Expansion and Modernization

To increase productivity and profitability, reduce cost and finally enhance skill

and knowledge of the employee.

To prevent obsolescence.

To help in developing a problem solving attitude. To give people awareness of rules and procedures.

To make people more competent .

To make personnel become committed to their job resulting in pro activeness.

To make people trust each other more.

KEY ASPECTS OF HRD TRAINING IN PCS:

Learning and Development Leadership, Management Training

Setting training and learning at the right level

Training Needs Analysis (TNA)

Train the Trainer

Training categories :

Training is being imparted to the following categories of employees regularly.

Attenders/Office Boys

Drivers/Watchmens

Overseers/meter readers

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Software Engineer/Sr.Software Engineer.

Jr. Engineer/ / Sr.Engineer/Technical Architect.

Assts.Mgr / Sr. Manager

All women employees.

AVP/VP

Training Methods adopted in PCS:

Classroom lectures:

Arranging classroom lecture to the participants which do not involve much participation

except some questions from participants. This is suitable for large audience.

Talk:

Incorporates variety of techniques, allows participation and discussion from trainees.

Suitable for groups of not more than 20. Lack of participation may reduce it to a lecture.

Discussion:

Knowledge, ideas and opinions on a subject exchanged freely. Suitable where

information a matter of opinion. Helps change attitudes and provide feedback tothe instructor on application. Some trainees may become entrenched about there

behaviour rather than change it.

Role-play:

Trainees asked to enact role they would be called upon to play in the job. Suitable for

subjects where near-to-life practices in the training situation is helpful. Very useful in

building confidence to handle real problem.

Case study:

A history of some event or set of circumstances with the relevant details examined by the

trainees. It provides opportunities for exchange of ideas and consideration of possible

solutions.

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Exercise:

Trainees asked to undertake a particular task leading to a required result following the

laid down steps. May be used to discover trainees existing knowledge. Can be posted toindividuals or to the groups. Suitable for situations where the trainees need to practice.

Behavioural and attitudinal training - Key factors

Stress management

Health & eating the right food

Attitude & motivation

Team work

Role play

Leadership and decision making.

Effects of bad habits.

Attitude and Motivation

Communication skills

Leadership training

Decision making and multi tasking Presentation skills

Communication Skills

Man Management skills.

Technical Training :

Energy Audit, AT & C Losses

ES & D Code and Electrification of Layouts

Works unit and Field works, Preventive Maintenance Safety Devices and Proper usage at working places.

Rural Management System

Fire fighting training for the cadre of linemen.

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Job training Key factors :

Company accounts

IE ACT 2003 and ERC Filing

Budget and Budgetary control

Revenue

Reforms

Meter & Meter Testing

Safety aspects and procedures

ES & D Code

RLMS, Distribution losses, Energy audit, Field works

Apprentice Training Key factors :

The HRD Training centre have also providing training to the apprentice as per the

policy of Government of Karnataka since 1st October 2005 and have trained 75

nos. of apprentices.

About 200 nos. of Graduates and Diploma holders have been allotted under

apprentice act by GOI Regional centre, Chennai have been deputed to variousCircles, Divisions and Subdivisions.

Training to other utility:

The HRD Training centre have also provided training to 260 nos. of PWD Engineers as

per the request of Public Work Department of Karnataka.

Training sessions

Training sessions are being continuously held at the hrd centre right from

time to time.

HRD training commences at 9.30 am everyday and ends at 6.00 pm.

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Basic aim of the HRD centre is to make the employees more effective in

their day to day works.

Training schedules:

Training is conducted in different batches :

Assts/JR.Assts/Meter Readers/Daftary/Overseers: Total 3 days

Job Training : 2 days (Internal Trainers)

Attitude and Behavioural Training : 1 day (External Trainers)

Lineman Cadre

(i) Attitudinal and Behavioural Training : 2 days (External Trainers)

(ii) Job Training : 1 day (Internal Trainers)

Attenders and Drivers

(i) The Training is only for one day devoted to Attitudinal and Behavioural

aspects.

(ii) A special one day workshop was conducted for all women employees

in batches, on stress management, arising out of dual responsibilities.

Proposed training schedules :

As existing3 days: as proposed5 days

2 days Behavioural training is proposed for all cadres excluding linemen.

For linemen cadre, 3 day behavioral training is proposed.

One day field training is also proposed for all the batches.

The timings for the training sessions 9.30 a.m. to 4.00 p.m.

(The participants are finding it difficult to concentrate after the lunch hour)

Brain storming sessions proposed on the last halfday.

Second phase of HRD Training

1. The first phase of HRD training is completed for all employees of PCS.

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2. The second phase training is now commenced.

3. M/S.Expert solutions is conducting training for the employees in Chitradurga zone.

4. M/S.Shine is conducting training for the employees in Kolar circle.

Training needs of the year 2007-08

Accounts :

Financial accounting packages - accounts related matters with the properaccounting packages and proper utilization of these packages.

Cash management systems different collection agencies and mechanisms and

accounting thereof.

Sub-divisional revenue accountinglatest amendments to the ES&D Code and

various acts.

Costing concept

System Auditing.

Establishment matters .

Various taxes and duties and all related matters.

Meter reading, MRI downloading , reading of MT reports, Backbilling.

Material Audit.

Feedback

Feedback forms are being given to all the trainees on the last day of training.

The Attitudinal and Behavioural programme is the highlight of the 3 days training

- to increase the duration for a further period of 3 days.

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M/S. Parimala Consultants the faculty conducting the Attitudinal and

Behavioural programmes regularly for the linemen cadre - very well prepared and

their involvement is total. SWOT analysis - motivation to work on strengths and weaknesses to become

better human beings.

Some of the participants had tears in their eyes at the end of the session and

requested for more such sessions.

DATA ANAYLSIS

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In the study as said overly 40 respondents were interviewed and analysis were drawn on

the basis of their opinions.

TABLE 1: EMPLOYEES INTEREST IN TYPE OF TRAINING

PARTICULARS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

ON THE JOB 34 85%

OFF THE JOB 6 15%

TOTAL 40 100%

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85%

15%

ON THE

JOB

OFF THE

JOB

From the Table1 and graph, it reveals that 85% of employees are interested in on-the-job

and only 15% of the employees are interested in off-the-job.

TABLE 2: METHODS OF TRAINING ADOPTED IN THE ORGANISATION

PARTICULARS

NO. OF

RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

REFRESHER 4 10%

SENSITIVITY 1 2.5%

CONVERGENT 4 10%

LATESTTECHNOLOGY 8 20%

CEP 23 57.5%

TOTAL 40 100%

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10%3%

10%

20%57%

REFRESHER

SENSITIVITY

CONVERGENT

LATEST

TECHNOLOGY

CEP

The above stated training are the main training programmes conducted in the

organization, from the above Table2 and graph 57% of the employees have attended CEP

i.e. continuous education propgramme, 20% of them have attended latest technology,

10% for both convergent and refresher training and Refresher training and only 2.5%

have attended Sensitivity training.

TABLE 3: OPININON OF EMPLOYEES IN CONTEXT TO TRAINING

PROGRAMME


INTRAPERSONAL 1 5%

INTERPERSONAL 12 30%

TECHNICAL 26 65%

TOTAL 40 100%

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30%

65%

5%INTRAPERSONAL

INTERPERSONAL

TECHNICAL

From the above Table3 and graph, it is highlighted that 65% of the employees opine

training is helpful for their technical activities, 30% of the employees opine training is

helpful for interpersonal activities and only 2.5% said training is helpful for intrapersonal

activities.

Hence, the organization should also give priority for conducting training programmes

which can enhance the intrapersonal activities.

TABLE 4: SATISFACTION OF ENVIRONMENT DURING THE TRAINING

PERIOD

PARTICULARS

NO. OF


YES 38 95%

NO 12 5%

TOTAL 40 100%

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95%

5%

YES

NO

From the above Table4 and graph, it can be viewed that 95% of the employees are

comfortable during the training programme, and only 5% are not comfortable during the

training period.

Thus most of the employees are comfortable during the training programme.

TABLE 5: SATISFACTION ABOUT YHE TRAINING PROGRAMME


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YES 36 90%

NO 4 10%TOTAL 40 100%

90%

10%

YES

NO

From the above Table5 and graph, it is analysed that 90% of the employees are satisfied

with the training programme they had and only 10% are not satisfied with the training

programme.

Thus it can be concluded that most of the employees are fully satisfied with the training

programme conducted by the organization.

TABLE 6: PLACE OF THE EMPLOYEES GETTING TRAINED

PARTICULARS NO. OF PERCENTAGE

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RESPONDENTS

WORK SHOP 2 5%

CLASS ROOMS 16 39%

CONFERENCE HALL 9 23%OUTSIDE THE

ESTABLISHMENT 13 33%

TOTAL 40 100%

5%

23%

33%

39%

WORK SHOP

CLASS ROOMS

CONFERENCE

HALL

OUTSIDE THE

ESTABLISHMENT

The above are the places were the training are held, from the graph it is viewed that 5%

of them were trained in work shops, 39% in class rooms, 23% in conference hall, 33% of

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TABLE 7: OPININON OF EMPLOYEES ABOUT TRAINERS

PARTICULARS

NO. OF

RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE1. QUALIFIED &

EXPERIENCED 20 50%2. SKILLFUL &

KNOWLEDGEABLE 5 11%

3. ENCOURAGEDCLASS PARTICIPATION 1 3%

ALL(1+2+3) 14 36%

TOTAL 40 100%

50%

11%3%

36%

QUALIFIED &

EXPERIENCED

SKILLFUL &

KNOWLEDGEABLE

ENCOURAGED

CLASS

PARTICIPATION

ALL

From the Table7, it is analysed that 50% of the employees view their trainers as qualified

and experienced, 12.5% of them are skillful and knowledgeable, 3% of them encourage

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class participation and other 36% said trainers are qualified & experienced, skillful &

knowledgeable, and also encouraged class participation.

TABLE 8: BEHAVIOURAL ASPECTS OF THE TRAINERS


IMPARTIAL 4 10%

RUDE 0 0%

FRIENDLY 28 28%

EASY GOING 8 20%TOTAL 40 100%

0%

17%

49%

34%

IMPARTIAL

RUDE

FRIENDLY

EASY

GOING

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From the above graph and Table8 it reveals that 10% of the employees feel that trainers

were impartial, 70% feel that trainers were friendly, 20% feel they were easy going andfinally employees feel none of the trainers were rude that is 0%.

TABLE 9: TRAINING CONDUCTED IN PCS

PARTICULARS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGEFORTNIGHTLY 0 0%

MONTHLY 16 40%

QUARTERLY 4 10%

HALF YEARLY 1 3%

ANNUALLY 19 47%

TOTAL 40 100%

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3% 10%

40%47%

MONTHLY

QUARTERLY

HALF

YEARLY

ANNUALLY

From the above Table9 it reveals that, when all training courses are held, 40% of them

said the fact that courses are conducted monthly, 2.5% for half yearly, 10% for quarterly,

47.5% for annually.

The table clearly indicates that most of the training programme were conducted

monthly(40%) some of the training programs are conducted even once in a year(47.5).

The table further reveals that no training programms is been conducted with a period

duration of a fortnight.

TABLE 10: DURATION OF THE TRAINING PROGRAMME

PARTICULARS

NO. OF


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ONE DAY 1 3%

2-3 DAYS 4 10%

ONE WEEK 22 55%

FORTNIGHT 13 33%

TOTAL 40 100%

3% 10%

54%

33%ONE DAY

2-3 DAYS

ONE WEEK

FORTNIGHT

As regards the duration of the training programme, 2.5% of the employees said it was

held for one day, 10% said for 2-3 days, 55% said training takes place for a week,

TABLE 11: EMPLOYEE OPINION ABOUT THE TYPE OF TRAINING


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RESPONDENTS

WORK SCHEDULE 6 15%PERFORMANCE

APPRAISAL 2 5%

CONTINOUS LEARNING 18 45%

ALL 14 35%

TOTAL 40 100%

15%

5%

45%

35%

WORK

SCHEDULE

PERFORMANCE

APPRAISAL

CONTINOUS

LEARNING

ALL

From the Table11, it is highlighted, 15% of the employees said training as a part of their

work schedule, 5% of them for performance appraisal, 45% of them for continuous

learning and 35% of them vote for all.

TABLE 12: IS ORGANIZATION CONDUCTING PRE-TEST & POST-TEST


YES 4 10%

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NO 36 90%

TOTAL 40 100%

10%

90%

YES

NO

From the Table12, it is analysed that the organization is not conducting regularly the pre-

test and the post-test.It is most surprising fact inspite of its existence in the field for more than 3-4 decades it is

not taking interest in the pre-test and pro-test because out of 40 respondents 36

respondents i.e. 90% of respondents opine that the pre and pro-test are not conducted.

TABLE 13: FEEDBACK OF THE TRAINING


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RESPONDENTS

YES 38 92%

NO 2 8%

TOTAL 40 100%

8%

92%

YES

NO

From the above Table13 it is analysed that 92% of the employees expressed that their

performance are evaluated and the feed back is given, the remaining 8% expressed a

negative answer. It is one of the important aspects of HRD is that identification of the

type of the training requirements of the employees and also to evaluate their performance

of the trained workers during their post period .

It can be emphasized that the training component of the organization gives importance

for getting the feedback about the impact of the training programme on the employees.

TABLE 14: SELF EFFICACY INCREASED BY THE TRAINING PROGRAMME


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RESPONDENTS

YES 35 87%

NO 5 13%

TOTAL 40 100

13%

87%

YES

NO

From the above table 87% of the employees opine is that there is an increase in their selfimprovement and the remaining 13% have not noticed any improvement.

TABLE 15: EMPLOYEES CONCERN TOWARDS TRAINING ENCHANCMENT IN

THE FOLLOWING AREA

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1. OPERATIONALSKILLS 5 13%2. EFFICIENCY 10 25%

3. BEHAVIOUR 2 5%4. COMMUNICATION

SKILLS 2 5%5. TEAM BUILDING 4 10%ALL(1+2+3+4+5) 17 42%TOTAL 40 100%

13%

25%

5%5%10%

42%

OPERATIONAL

SKILLS

EFFICIENCY

BEHAVIOUR

COMMUNICATI

ON SKILLS

TEAM BUILDING

ALL

It is seen from the graph that ,training has enhanced in the following areas like 12.5% in

operational skills for few employees, 25% in efficiency for others, 5% in Behaviour for

others, 5% in communication, 10% in team building for few employees and other 43%

feel that training has enhanced them for all the areas stated.

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129942151 hr project trg 26 devlopment recuritment project

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