126. အီတာလ်ံဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီး ဦးေလာကနာထ၏...

jrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygvtzGJU 1

tDwmvsH bkef;awmfBuD;

OD;avmuemx

\

urÇmvSnfhw&m;

BUDDHISM

SCIENCE OF DELIVERANCE

Ak'¨toHpmay

"r®mp&d, OD;aX;vdIif pkpnf;pDpOfonf/


yHkESdyfjcif; - yxrtBudrf?

1995 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv

yHkESdyfxkwfa0cGifhjyKtrSwf - 68/ 94 (9)

rsufESmzHk;cGifhjyKcsuftrSwf - 61/ 95 (9)

tkyfa& - 2000

wefzdk; - 70 usyf

rsufESmzHk;yef;csD - pHwdk;

uGefysLwmpmpD? 'DZdkif; - a&Tpifa&mf

pmtkyfcsKyf - Edkifrdom;pk pmtkyfcsKyfvkyfief;

xkwfa0ol - a':Muifjrifh? Ak'¨toHpmay

yHkESdyfol (tzHk;ESifhtwGif;) - a':cif&D? ae&D&DyHkESdyfwdkuf

jzefYcsDa&; - Ak'¨toHpmay

12-11-2011 wGif PDF yHkpHtjzpf ajymif;vJNyD;pD;onf/


omoemhygv (odkY) omoemudkapmifha&Smufol

Ak'¨a[mMum;? jrwfw&m;udk?

rSwfom;opöm? vufrSmudkifpJG?

NrJcdkif&Tef;y? jynfh0ef;vçodkU?

Ak'¨omoem? xGef;vif;jzmatmif?

BuHaqmifMurnf? ZJGyDyD/

wdkYomoem? jrwfbmomtm;?

apmfum;&efp? xdyg;url?

twlwJG,SOf? tpOfoGufvuf?

xufaom"m;ES,f?

umuG,fMurnf? wJGnDnD/


omoemhygv? "r®nDaemif?

jynfaxmifom;csif;? ½dkif;yif;pka0;?

tav;*½k? "d|mefjyKonf?

pkpnf;o,fydk;? jynfaumif;usdK;ESifh?

trsdK;bmom? omoemwGuf?

nDnmjzjz? Edk;xtm;rmef?

pdwf&nfoefvsuf? wuf<uryef;?

pGrf;aqmifMurnf NrJpnfpnf ... /

[,f&DvGif? ArmhaoG;


pmpDpm½dkuf vkyftm;'gejyKMuolrsm;

pmrsufESm 1 - 10 kotayza

pmrsufESm 11 - 20 BabyKoala

pmrsufESm 21 - 30 Kangaroo

pmrsufESm 31 - 40 netforall

pmrsufESm 41 - 50 Winnermann

pmrsufESm 51 - 60 Clarie


pmrsufESm 71 - 80 zaygyi55

pmrsufESm 81 - 90 Alintan

pmrsufESm 91 - 100 mizzle

pmrsufESm 101 - 110 RunAtServer

pmrsufESm 111 - 120 kotayza


pmrsufESm 121 - 180 Laypyay79

pmrsufESm 181 - 190 maintmaint


pmrsufESm 211 - 230 Kangaroo

pmrsufESm 231 - 250 koko2006

pmrsufESm 251 - 270 Winnermann

pmrsufESm 271 - 290 MoeTainKha

pmrsufESm 291 - 300 BamarBlood

pmrsufESm 301 - 320 netforall

pmrsufESm 321 - 330 Daya

pmrsufESm 331 - 342 LynnEainthu

jrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygvtzGJUu "r®'gejyK vSL'gef;ygonf/


rmwdum

a&S;OD;trSmpum; 13

1/ odyÜHenf;us Ak'¨"r®usifhpOf w&m;awmf 27

2/ Ak'¨\ oGefoifqHk;rcsuf w&m;awmf 45

3/ owå0gtcsif;csif; rn§if;qJa&; w&m;awmf 110

4/ Ak'¨bmom - odyÜHenf;us obm0bmom w&m;awmf 136

5/ Ak'¨"r®jzifh BuD;yGm;csrf;oma&; vrf;pOfw&m;awmf 196

6/ Ak'¨"r®ESifh rdbaus;Zl;qyfjcif; w&m;awmf 218

7/ urÇmNidrf;csrf;a&; w&m;awmf 260

8/ ax&0g'*kPf&nf w&m;awmf 299

9/ xm0&"r® w&m;awmf 330

10/ opöm"r®ESifh b0atmifjrifa&; w&m;awmf 367

11/ todtjrif pifMu,fa&; w&m;awmf 396

'ku©vGwfajrmufa&;odyÜHac: Ak'¨omoem 434

xm0&bk&m;r&Sd? twå ZD0 touf 0dnmOf taumifr&Sd 500

taemufEdkifiHü oHCmwnfaxmifa&; 569


urÇmhomoemjyK q&mawmfBuD; OD;ao|dv? OD;avmuemxESifh

wynfh 'kv’b&[ef;rsm; t*FvefEdkifiH a':jrar\

acwfjrefrm pm;aomufqdkifa&SUü ½dkuful;xm;aomyHk


urÇmvSnfh omoemjyK tDwmvsH bkef;awmfBuD;

OD;avmuemx (1897 - 1966)


OD;avmuemx\ vufa&;rl


arwåmESifh vGwfajrmufjcif;

trsm; cspfapvdkvQif

udk,fu tvsif cspfyg!

(arwåmay;rS arwåm&)

þpmtkyfonf oifhtm;

jrwfaom b0vGwffaNrmufa&;

vrf;nTefrI ay;ygapownf;!

teEÅ arwåmjzifh-

OD;avmuemx (tDwmvsH bkef;awmfBuD;)

2506

18?10?1963


omoemjyKMo0g'

&[ef;awmfwdkYonf atmufusaemufus

ysif;&dayghwefaom &[ef;awmfrsm; rjzpfMuygukefvifh/

rdrdwdkY\ t&yfa'orS xGufcGmí urÇmavmuBuD;udk

atmifjrifaomolrsm; jzpfMuygukefavmh/

Ak'¨omoemawmfudk urÇmavmuBuD;\

t&yfa'owdkif;ü ysHUESHYatmif jyKMuygukefavmh/

tDwmvsHbkef;awmfBuD;

OD;avmuemx


earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó/

a&S;OD;trSmpum;

(1)

OD;avmuemx\b0 waphwapmif;

tDwmvsH bkef;awmfBuD; OD;avmuemxtaMumif; odrDol

wdkif; tpOfowd&vsuf &SdaeMuygonf/ jrefrmwdkYomru

urÇmt&yf&yf&Sd tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;uvnf; odaeMuygonf/

olYtaMumif;? olYpm? olYw&m;rsm;udk zwf½IMu&aomtcg

omoemhordkif;wGif rnfonfhtcgrQ rarhraysmufpaumif;aom

urÇmhomoemjyK tmZmenf "r®ol&Jaumif;BuD;tjzpf odjrif

MunfndKMu&ygonf/ omoemjyK yk*d¾Kvfrsm;twGufrl twk,lvdkY


rukefaom a&S;OD; Ak'¨omoemjyK a&SUoGm;acgif;aqmifMuD; jzpfae

ygonf/

OD;avmuemx t&Sifjrwfum; tDwvDEdkifiH? rDvefNrdKUü

1897 ckESpfu arG;zGm;cJh\/ qmAmwdka&pDtkdzD (Salvatore Cioffi)

[kac:í tar&duef? udkvHAD,m wuúodkvfrS bDtufpfpDbGJY

&&SdcJh\/ touf 27 ESpft&G,fwGif Ak'¨bmom0if tjzpf

udk,fhbmom cH,lul;ajymif;í touf 28 ESpf (1925) wGif

jrefrmEdkifiHü &[ef;jyKvdkufonf/ rEÅav; rpdk;&drfwdkufBuD;ü

ynmqnf;yl;cJh\/

q&mawmfonf jrefrmEkdifiHüom tNrJaexdkifvsuf urÇm

vSnfhí omoemjyKonf/ 1966 ckESpf? arv 25 &ufaeY

oufawmf 68 ESpft& arNrdKUaq;½kHü ysHvGefawmfrlcJhonf/

þb0xkyÜwfudk Munfhygu jrefrmwdkYtaejzifh olYaus;Zl;

*kPfudk b,feHa&mumvrS arhaysmufEdkifMurnf r[kwfyg/

OD;avmuemxum; urÇmudkvSnfhNyD; olrsm;tm; w&m;a[mjy


ae½HkrQomru oludk,fwdkifvnf; Ak'¨"r®\ pHjytjzpf o½kyf

aqmifEdkifaom omoemjyK tmZmenfBuD; jzpf\/

(Example is better than precept.) olrsm;udk Mo0g'

ay;aejcif;xuf udk,fwdkif erlemjyjcif;u ydkí raumif;ygvm;/

OD;avmuemxum; Ak'¨pmayrsm;udk zwf½Itm;usNyD;

]]pmxJu &[ef;vdkaernf}} [k oEdé|mefcsxm;ol jzpf\/

- NrdKUwGif; &GmwGif;oGm;vQif ouFef; tNrJ½HkoGm;onf/

- zdeyf rpD;? xD;raqmif;/

- tNrJqGrf;cHpm;onf/

- oufowfvGwf? {umoeduf "kwifaqmifí wpfcsdef

wnf;? wpfxyfwnf;om bkef;ay;onf/

- aeoZdÆu "kwifaqmifí rwf&yfjcifaxmifjzifh ntcg

ravsmif;pufyJ tNrJaeonf/


- [dr0EÅma'oü pum;rajym wkPdSabmjzifh ckepfESpf

vHk;vHk; w&m;tm;xkwfonf/

- &efukefaq;½HkBuD; a&cJwdkufodkY <uí tokb½Ionf/

- jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ ]p&x bdu©a0 ----} omoemjyK

apvTwfawmfrlyHk? bk&m;&Sif udk,fawmfwdkifyif ajcvsif omoem

jyK <uawmfrlyHkudk tm;usum xdkif;? jrefrm &[ef;awmf 300

ausmfwdkYudk yifhaqmifí a'geawmifwef;? ½dk;rawmifwef;BuD;

rsm;udk ausmfjzwfvsuf rZÑdra'o r[maAm"dodkY ajcvsif

<uonf/

- tDwvDjynf? rmaq;NrdKUrS tdEd́,txd awmvrf;

c&D;Murf;udk &Spfvwdkifwdkif jzwfoef;í omoemjyK <uawmf

rlonf/

pifppf tDwmvsH bkef;awmfBuD; OD;avmuemxum; urÇmh

omoemjyK t&SifjrwfwdkY\ a&SUoGm;acgif;aqmif pHjy erlemyif

jzpfawmhonf/ olrwlatmif ZGJ? vHkYv? &nf&G,fcsuf BuD;rm;


vSonf/ ]]tar&duef? Oa&my wpfcGifvHk; ouFef;a&mif

zHk;vTrf;rnf}} [k Budrf;y&Jolvnf; jzpf\/ vufawGYvnf;

vkyfjyawmfrlcJhonf/

xdkif;-jrefrm omoemjyK &[ef;awmf 300 ausmfudk

yifhaqmifí awmawmiftxyfxyfukd jzwfausmfoGm;&mü -

]]taemufu ta&SUudkvmwkef;u igwpfa,mufwnf;? ,ck

ta&SUu taemufudkoGm;awmh tazmfawG trsm;BuD;ESifhygvm;}}

[k pOf;pm;a&&Gwf&if; tm;wif;í <uawmfrlonf/

]]a&[m tNrJwrf; pD;aerS oefY&Sif;w,f? omoemjyK

&[ef;[m tNrJwrf; ½kef;uefvIyf&Sm;aerS wdk;wufw,f/}}

- The water is pure that flows.

- The Monk is pure that goes.

þum; OD;avmuemx\ &Gwfqdkaeus ESvHk;om;u

xGufay:vmaom omoemjyK aqmifyk'f jzpf\/


OD;avmuemxonf -

1/ rEÅav;rS a'gufwmqdkeD

2/ tdEd´,rS a'gufwm trfab'um

3/ *smreDrS ppöwm acrm paom urÇmESifh t0ef;

ausmfMum;onfh wynfhausmfrsm;udkvnf; arG;xkwfay;awmfrlcJh

onf/ a'gufwm trfbuf'umudk taMumif;jyKí tdEd́,ü

Ak'¨bmom0if OD;a& oef; 20 ausmftxd w&Sdefxdk;? acwfajymif;

wdk;wufvm&mü OD;avmuemx\ wGef;tm; trsm;qHk; yg&SdcJh

avonf/

OD;avmuemx\ omoemjyK c&D;wpfavQmufvHk; MunfndK

zG,f? tm;us twk,lzG,f twd jzpfawmfrlonf/

jrefrmEdkifiHESifh ax&0g' Ak'¨omoemudk urÇmuodatmif

urÇmudk oHk;Budrfywfí toHtus,favmifqHk; a<u;aMumfol

rSmvnf; OD;avmuemxyif jzpf\/ owif;pmrSaeívnf;


jrefrmEdkifiHwGif &[EÅmyk*d¾Kvfxl;rsm; tyg; 50 ausmf ay:xGuf

aeaMumif; a&;om; a[majymawmf rlavh&Sdonf/ xdka&;om;

csuft& oD[dkVf0efBuD;csKyf\ tpfudku awmif;qdkí a0bl

q&mawmftm; oludk,fwdkif oD[dkVfodkY yifhaqmif ay;cJh& zl;\/

Ak'¨bmomodkY ul;ajymif;vdkufaomtcg rdbaqGrsKd; todkif;

t0dkif; tm;vHk;u olYtm; 0dkif;y,fMu\/ oluvnf; pmyif ra&;

jzpfawmh/ rdbESpfyg; uG,fvGefoGm;aomtcgwGifrS olYrSm

aemifwBuD;pGm jzpf&onf/ ydkí pdwfrcsrf;ajrh&onfum;

aus;Zl;&Sif rdbESpfyg;wdkY rdpäm'd|db0ESifh uG,fvGefoGm;&jcif;

yifwnf;/ xdktwGuf ajzrqnfEdkifjzpf&onf/

OD;avmuemxonf xdkarG;aus;Zl;udk qyf&ef jrif;NcH

pGef;vGef;*l q&mawmf OD;u0dxH oGm;a&mufí rdpäm'd|db0ESifh

uG,fvGefoGm;Mu&Smaom rdbESpfyg;tm; &nfpl;um tvSL

twef;jyK? trQtwef; ay;a0vdkufonf/ xdktcgrS tenf;i,f

pdwf&Sif;oGm;awmh\/


OD;avmuemxonf xdkrQESifhvnf; rauseyfao;í

rdbESpfyg;wdkY vlYb0 jyef&&SdMuaomf or®m'd|djzpfap&ef urÇmudk

vSnfhywfí w&m;a[mzdkY qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/ ]]þacwfvli,f

rsm;wGif ol\ rdbESpfyg; yg0if&rnf? olYw&m; em,l&vQif

tjrifrSef &Muvdrfhrnf}} [k ,lqum þacwfvli,frsm;

olYw&m; remzl;ol r&Sd&atmif urÇmudk oHk;ywf ywfí a[majym

aejcif;vnf; jzpfayonf/ tHhzG,faumif;aypG/

(2)

qufvuf &Sifoefaernfh wGef;tm;rsm;

uREkfyfonf OD;avmuemxtaMumif; waphwapmif; od&

aomtcg qufvufod&Sd MunfndKvdkvSaom qE´rsm; jzpfay:

vmojzifh OD;avmuemxESifh pyfvsOf;aom pmwdkpm&Snfrsm;udk

qufvuf &SmazGaecJhrd\/ olYtqdktrdefY? olYMo0g'?

olYw&m;rsm;udk tm;wdkif; zwf½Iaerd\/ zwfwdkif;vnf; tm;&Sd

vmonf/


uREfkyfwdkY vufvSrf;rDorQ &SmazG&&Sdaom pmtkyfpmwrf;

rsm;rSm atmufygwdkY jzpfMu\/ þü bmomjyef azmfjyxm;aom

pmtkyfrsm;vnf; jzpfygonf -

1/ The Light of Truth. 1947 ckESpf? puFmyla&'D,dkrS

a[majymaomw&m;ESifh puFmyl? rav;&Sm;? *smAm;? tif'dkeD;&Sm;

EdkifiHrsm;ü a[mMum;csufrsm; yg0ifonf/ puFmylEdkifiH Ngai

Seong Press rS ½dkufESdyfí puFmyl Ak'¨bmom toif;tzGJUrsm;u

xkwfa0onf/

2/ Buddhsim: The Science of Deliverance. tar&du?

u,fvDzdk;eD;,m;ü oDwif;oHk;pOfu a&;om;xkwfa0aom pmtkyf

jzpfonf/ urÇmhacgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;xH ppfwm;qD;a&; arwåm

&yfcHcsufudk OD;pm;ay; a&;om;xm;onf/

3/ There is no God and no Soul. 1933 ck? 'DZifvbmv

1 &uf aeYpGJjzifh a&;om;aom pmtkyfjzpfonf/ awmifilNrdKUe,frS

c&pf,mefbmomrS Ak'¨bmomodkY ul;ajymif;vmol rpöwm


aomfrqif OD;aqmifaom vlckepfaxmifxH ay;ydkY a[mMum;aom

pmtkyf jzpfonf/ rEÅav;NrdKU? rpdk;&drfwdkuf (yxrausmf?

t*¾r[my@dw) q&mawmf OD;ÓPu jrefrmjyefqkdí? olaX;

qmOD;oGif? a':a':odef;wdkYu jrefrmhtvif; owif;pm yHkESdyf

wdkufü ½dkufESdyfum t*Fvdyf-jrefrm ESpfbmomjzifh "r®'ge

jzefYa0onf/

4/ Establishing the Samgha in the West. taemufEdkifiHü

oHCmwnfaxmifa&; (jrefrmjyefoufouf)/

ZD;ukef;NrdKUol NrdKUom;rsm;u ZD;ukef; atmifaZ,swk pmyHkEdSyf

wdkufü tkyfa& 700 ½dkufESdyf jzefYa0onf/

txufyg pmtkyfrsm;udk zwf½I&aomtcg tDwmvsH

bkef;awmfBuD; OD;avmuemx\ b0ESifh"r®? ZGJowdå? vHkYv

0D&d,udk tuJjzwfEdkif\/ olYtjrifESifh olYw&m;rSm ,aeYwdkif

opfvGifqJ jzpfonf/ omoemjyKrsm;twGuf tm;aq;wpfcGuf

vnf; jzpf\/ rnfonfh tcgrQvnf; ½dk;oGm;rnf r[kwf?


t*Fvdyfrl&if;twdkif;vnf; qufvuf xkwfa0ay;&ef pDpOfxm;

ygonf/

uREfkyfonf OD;avmuemx\ pmrsm;udk pdwf0ifwpm;

zwf½Iaecdkuf OD;avmuemx\ b0ESifh"r®udk wdkufwdkufqdkifqdkif

toHk;cscGifh BuHKvm\/

taMumif;rSm omoema&; 0efBuD;Xme? omoemawmf

xGef;um; jyefYyGm;a&; OD;pD;Xmeu uruxjyKvkyfí 1993 ck

arvrSpí ax&0g' Ak'¨omoemjyK &[ef;awmfrsm;oifwef;?

ZGefvrSpí ax&0g' Ak'¨omoemjyK vlyk*d¾Kvfrsm;oifwef;udk

urÇmat;ukef;ajr? pmMunfhwdkuf (urÇmhAk'¨ wuúodkvf ½kyf&Sif

cef;raqmif) ü usif;yonf/

1993 ck? pufwifbmv uav;NrdKU? atmufwdkbmv

vdGKifaumfNrdKY? 'DZifbmv jrpfBuD;em;NrdKU? Zefe0g&Dv ppfawGNrdKU?

cEDÅ;NrdKU paom jynfe,fNrdKUBuD;rsm;wGifvnf; ax&0g'


Ak'¨omoemjyK vlyk*d¾Kvf oifwef;rsm;udkvnf; qufwdkuf

usif;ycJhMuonf/ ,ck jrefrmEdkifiH wpfywf ywfrdavNyD/

xdkoifwef;rsm;wGif þpma&;olvnf; oifwef;jy q&m

wpfOD;tjzpf aqmif&Guf\/ jy&rnfh taMumif;t&mrSm ]ordkif;0if

omoemjyK ol&Jaumif;rsm;} jzpf&m tDwmvsH bkef;awmfBuD;

OD;avmuemx\ taMumif;onfvnf; jrefrmjynf wpfywf

awmifay: ajrjyefYtESHY ywfrd oGm;awmh\/ emMum;&olwdkif;

vnf; pdwf0ifpm;Muonf/ tm;wufMuonf/

odkYaomf jynfhjynfhpHkpHk ajymjycGifh? Mum;emcGifhr&í tm;rvdk

tm;r& jzpfMu&\/ xdkYaMumifh uREfkyfwdkY &SmazGavhvm &&SdorQ

pkpnf;í bmomjyef wifjytyfygonf/ OD;avmuemxonf

arwåm0g'D? oufowfvGwfrSD0Jol jzpfí oufowfvGwf0g'udkrl

txl; ]aZmif;ay;} a[majymavh &Sdonf/ oufowfvGwfESifh

pyfí omomxdk;xdk; a[majymcsufrsm;vnf; tenf;i,f yg\/

xdktcsufudkrl onf;cHzwf½I Mu&ayvdrfhrnf/


bmomjyef&mü ulnDjyefqdkay;aom OD;[efaX;

(okawoe)? pmtkyfpmwrf; "mwfyHkponf ulnDMuaom

rD;&xm;OD;odef;nGefY (a0blq&mawmfESifh OD;avmuemxwdkY\

'um&if;)? q&myg&*l? udkpdef0if; (Munhfjrifwdkifaps;)? OD;wifa&T

(qufoG,fa&;)? OD;vS0if;pdef (&wemyHkukrÜPD)? OD;omjrifh

(omxGef;jyefY)? OD;rsKd;0if; (atmhzfqufynm&Sif)? a&Tpifa&mf

uGefysLwmpmpD̂ 'DZdkif;? OD;nGefYwif (pma&;q&m - pdMw) wdkYtm;

omoemjyK yg&rDjznfhzufrsm;tjzpf rSwfwrf;wif *kPfjyKum

aus;Zl;wif&ygaMumif;/ þpmESifh pyforQ csrf;omMuygap/

aX;vdIif ("r®mp&d, OD;aX;vdIif)

tBuHay;ynm&Sif? omoema&;0efBuD;Xme?

wGJzufygarmu©?

EdkifiHawmf y&d,wdåomoemh wuúodkvf? &efukef/

1355 ck? ewfawmfvjynfhausmf 4 &uf/ (1-1-94)? &efukefNrdKU/


1/ odyÜHenf;us Ak'¨"r®usifhpOf w&m;awmf

(tDwmvsH bkef;awmfBuD; OD;avmuemx\ puFmyl a&'D,dkrS

toHvTifh a[majymcsuf/)

uREfkyfAk'¨bmom0if jzpfvmyHk

vGefcJhwJh ESpfaygif; 25 ESpfu bkef;BuD;[m ½dkrifuufovpf

bmom0ifwpfOD; jzpfygw,f/ 'DaeYawmhjzifh Ak'¨omoemjyK

pdwf"mwfxufoef jyif;jywJh jrwfpGmbk&m; om;awmfwpfa,muf?

taemufbuf urÇmwpfvTm;rSm oHCtzGJUtpnf;BuD;wpfck jzpf

ay:vmzdkY qE´jyif;jyvsuf&Sdaom omoemjyKwpfyg; jzpfygw,f/

bkef;BuD;b0udk ajymif;vJay;vdkufwJh pmtkyfuawmh

"r®y'ygyJ/ bkef;BuD;qD Ak'¨bmomtaMumif; a[majymzdkY

b,folrS rvmcJhygbl;/ bkef;BuD;b0udk t<uif;rJh ajymif;vJ

ypfvdkufwmu "r®y'pmtkyfygyJ/ 'D"r®y'pmtkyfudk rzwfrdcJh&if

bkef;BuD;[m ,aeYxd ½dkrifuufovpf bmom0ifwpfa,mufyJ


&SdaeOD;rSmyg/ bkef;BuD;wdkY&JU Ak'¨? "r®y'pmtkyfxJu Ak'¨[m

bkef;BuD;b0udk t<uif;rJh ajymif;vJay;awmfrlEdkifwJh jrifhjrwfwJh

omoemjyKyk*d¾KvfBuD;ygyJ/

twkr&SdwJh Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwf[m y&dedAÁmef pHvGefawmfrlcJhNyD;

jzpfygw,f/ odkYaomfvnf; Ak'¨&JU a[majymcsuf ("r®) awG[m

,ckwdkif &SifoefvsufyJ &SdaeqJyg/ qufvufNyD;awmhvnf;

nTefjyaewkef;yg/

"mwfcGJcef;xJ<ua&mufvmwJh "r®

bkef;BuD;[m tDwvDrSm arG;zGm;cJhNyD; tar&duef

e,l;a,mufNrdKYrSm BuD;jyif;cJhygw,f/ 0dZÆm odyHÜ ynm&yfrsm;udk

oifMum;cJh&ygw,f/ txl;ojzifh "mwkaA'ynm&yfudk OD;pm;ay;

oif,lNyD; "mwkaA'bmom *kPfxl;eJYyJ bDtufpfpDbGJUudk &cJh

ygw,f/ bkef;BuD;&JU odyÜHynm[m &Sd&if;pGJ ½dkrifuufovpf

t,lESifh 0da&m"d jzpfpjyKvmcJhw,f/ aemufcsufcsif; qdkovdkyJ


odyÜHynmu tay:pD;&oGm;NyD; ½dkrifuufovpf bmomu

ta&;edrfh xGufcGmoGm;cJhygw,f/

'DvdkESifh wjznf;jznf;ESifh bkef;BuD;&JU bmomw&m;[m

odyÜHbmomw&m; jzpfvmcJhw,f/ odkYaomfvnf; bkef;BuD;

pdwfxJrSm pdefY-z&efppfpfwdkYtay: av;pm;cspfcifNrJ cspfcifvsuf

&Sdaewkef;yJ/

tar&duefrSmyJ wpfaeYawmh pufrIpDrHudef;XmeBuD;wpfck&JU

"mwfcGJcef;xJrSm "mwfcGJq&mBuD; wpfOD;taeESifh tvkyfrsm;

aewkef; rdwfaqG "mwkaA' q&mwpfa,muf tcef;xJ 0ifvm

w,f/ tvGef xkxnfBuD;wJh pmtkyfBuD;wpftkyfudk bkef;BuD;

vufxJ xdk;ay;w,f/ tJ'DpmtkyfBuD;xJrSm ygarmu© rufpfrlvm

bmomjyefwJh "r®y'&,f? tóaCmoa&;wJh a*gwr Ak'¨

taMumif; Ak'¨0if&,f yg0ifw,f/

tJ'DpmtkyfBuD;udk bkef;BuD;rdwfaqG "mwkaA'q&mvJ

zwfw,f/ ol[m ckxd c&pf,mef bmom0if wpfa,mufyJ/


bkef;BuD;vJ tJ'Dpmtkyfudk zwfw,f/ bkef;BuD;uawmh

Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfOD; jzpfvmcJhw,f/

bkef;BuD;[m odyÜHenf;uswJhbmom (The Religion of

Science) udk ½SmazGaecJhwm MumygNyD/ vufpowfawmh bkef;BuD;

½SmaecJhwm[m 'gyJjzpfaeygw,f/ Ak'¨bmom[m bkef;BuD;

MumjrifhpGm awmifhwaecJhwJh cHpm;csufudk jznfhqnf;ay;vdkuf

ygw,f/ bkef;BuD; Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfOD; jzpfvmuwnf;u

Ak'¨bmomESifh ywfoufwJh pmtkyfawGudk tirf;r& zwf½I avhvm

cJhygw,f/

tvGefa&qm rGwfodyfaewJh oJuEÅm&c&D;onf wpfa,muf

[m aemufqHk; tvGef Munfvif at;jrwJh Muma&tdkifwpfckudk

awGUjrif&w,fqdk&ifyJ tirf;r& pdwfwdkif;us tm;&yg;&BuD;

aomufvdkuf&ovdkygyJ/

jrifhjrwfvSwJh Ak'¨[m bkef;BuD;rSm a&S;u&SdcJhwJh oHo,awG?

½IyfaxG;rIawG tm;vHk;udk ajz&Sif;ay;vdkufw,f/ bkef;BuD;&JU


ESvHk;om;[m Ak'¨"r®ESifh jynfhvQHoGm;ygawmhw,f/ ]avmuMuD;

wpfckvHk;[m rD;[kef;[kef; awmufaeyguvm;} vdkYawmif

cHpm;rIawGjzpf&wJh txdygyJ/ bkef;BuD; udk,fwdkifvJ

rD;avmifaewJh tdrfBuD;xJrSm aeae&ovdkyJ atmufarhrdw,f/

Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfu a[mMum;ygw,f/

]]tm;vHk; rD;awGavmifaew,f}} wJh/

]]rsufpdrSmvJ avmifaew,f? em;rSmvJ avmifaew,f?

ESmacgif;? vQm? xdawGU&wJh t&mwdkif;ESifh pdwful; pdwfoef;awG

tm;vHk; rD;[kef;[kef; awmufaeygw,f}} wJh/

]]bmrD;awGvJqdkawmh avmbrD;? a'gorD;? arm[rD;awG?

txyfxyf y#doaE¨ae&jcif;? tdk&? em&? ao&jcif; rD;awG? ylyef

aMumifhMuae&jcif; (aomu)? idka<u;jrnfwrf;&jcif; (y&da'0)?

udk,fqif;&J pdwfqif;&J jzpf&jcif; ('ku©? a'greó)? idka<u;&

rwwf pdwfylavmif&jcif; (Oyg,mo) rD;awG avmifNrdKuf

aew,f}} wJh/


Ak'¨pum;awGudk bkef;BuD; ,HkMunfw,f/ 'ghaMumifh tdrfu

wdwfwqdwf xGufvmNyD; tdE´d,odkY vmw,f/ aemuf jrefrm

EdkifiHrSm &[ef;abmif wufcJhygw,f/

odyÜHenf;us opömav;yg;

bmomw&m;qdkwm bmvJ? bmomw&m;qdkwm udk,fpdwf

qif;&JrIawGudk zsufqD;ajz½Sif;ay;wJh enf;pepf wpfckyJ/

'ghaMumifh urÇmay:rSm tJ'D udk,fpdwfqif;&JrIawG vHk;vHk;

r&Sdawmhbl;qdk&if b,fbmomrS &SdzdkYrvdktyfawmhygbl;/

'DtqdkudkvufcH&if Ak'¨bmom[m urÇmay:rSm taumif;

qHk;bmomvdkY qdk&r,f/

bmaMumifhvJ/

'DAk'¨bmomuomvQif udk,fpdwfqif;&JrI 'ku©awG

tm;vHk;udk vufawGUusus tpOfwpdkuf zsufqD; ajz&Sif;

ay;EdkifvdkYygyJ/


Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwf[m urÇm'ku©? urÇmemBuD;ukd b,favmuf

vufawGYusus? odyÜHenf;usus prf;oyftajz&SmNyD;? b,fvkd

]aq;csuf} csw,fqkdwm Munfhyg/

1/ Ak'¨[m avmuMuD;udk NcHKiHkoHk;oyf MunfhvkdufwJhtcg

]qif;&Jjcif;} qkdwm wpfckwnf;yJ olawGYw,f/

qif;&Ju bmawGvJ/

- y#doaE¨ae&wm qif;&Jw,f/

- tkd&wm qif;&Jw,f/

- em&wm qif;&Jw,f/

- ao&wm qif;&Jw,f/

- rkef;wJhvleJY twlae&wm qif;&Jw,f/

- cspfcifwJhvleJY cGJcGmae&wm qif;&Jw,f/

- arSsmfvifh vkdwaewmawGr&wm qif;&Jw,f/

urÇmh'ku©? wpfurÇmvHk;ESifhqkdifwJh 'ku©qkdwm 'DckESpfrsdK;ygyJ/


'g'ku©opöm? 'ku©ESifh pyfwJh jrwfaomtrSefw&m;/

'The Noble Truth of Suffering'

2/ 'gayr,fh Ak'¨[m 'Davmufwif &yfraebl;/ tvGefrS

uRrf;usifwwfodwJh orm;awmfBuD; wpfOD;vkd Ak'¨[m 'D'ku©

awG&JU taMumif;&if;ukd avhvmprf;oyfNyD; azmfxkwfw,f? tajz

&Smw,f/ &Smawmh 'ku©rSeforSs&JU taMumif;&if;vufonfukd

awGYw,f/

bmhaMumifhvJ/ temod&if a&m*g[m wpf0ufaysmufNyD;

jzpfvkdYygyJ/ 'To know the cause is half the cure' 'Dawmh Ak'¨u

'ku©&JU taMumif;cH[m rGwfodyfrI? vkdcsifwyfrufrI (wPSm

avmb) vkdY a[mawmfrlygw,f/ 'g 'ku©&JUtaMumif;&if; trSef

jzpfwJh ork',opöm/

'The Noble Truth of the Origin of Suffering'

3/ 'gaMumifh taMumif;w&m;ukd y,fEkwfvdkufvSsif tusdK;

w&m;[m tvkdvkdy,fEkwfNyD; jzpfoGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ wPSm


avmbudk y,fowfyg? 'ku©tm;vHk;y,fowfNyD; jzpfygw,f/ 'g

'ku©csKyfNidrf;&m trSefjzpfwJh eda&m"opöm/

'The Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering'

4/ okdY&mwGif 'g[m tajymvG,foavmuf tvkyf

cufw,f? ]avmbukd y,fowfaygh} ajym&wmvG,fw,f?

b,fvkd owfrvJ? Ak'¨[m avmbukd y,fowf&ef tvGef

tHMozG,faumif;wJh odyÜHenf;us aq;nTef; uREkfyfwkdYudk ay;xm;

NyD;om;yg/ t*Fg&Spfyg; yg0ifwJh jrwfaomusifhpOfvrf; -

t&da,mt|*Øaum ra*¾g - 'The Noble Eight Fold Path' tJ'DrSm

t*Fg&Spfyg; yg0ifw,fqkdwmu -

- rSefaom todÓPf? (Right Knowledge - View)

- rSefaom tBuH? (Right Aim - Thinking)

- rSefaom tajym? (Right Speech)

- rSefaom tvkyf? (Right Action)


- rSefaom toufarG;rI? (Right Livelihood)

- rSefaom vHkYv? (Rigth Effort)

- rSefaom owdESifh? (Right Mindfulness)

- rSefaom wnfMunfrI? (Right Concentration) wkdY

jzpfygw,f/

'g[m taMumif;avmb? tusdK;'ku©wkdY csKyfNidrf;&mukdykdYwJh

r*¾opömygyJ/

'This is the Noble Truth of the Way leading to the

Cessation of Suffering'

'g[m jrwfaomtrSefw&m; av;yg;ygyJ/ 'Dopöm

av;yg;[m Ak'¨bmom&JU tajccH tkwfjrpfBuD; av;ck

jzpfygw,f/ 'DtajccH tkwfjrpfBuD; av;ckESifh wnfaqmufwm;

wmudk Ak'¨bmomrSmyJ awGUEkdif ygw,f/ wjcm; urÇmay:rSm

b,fbmomrSmrS r&Sdygbl;/


'Dr*¾if&Spfyg;vrf;pOf[m txl;rSwfom;avmufwJh ]pH} BuD;

ygyJ/ bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh rdwfaqGwkdY Munfhyg/ odyÜHenf;us

aMumif;usdK; ed,mrESifh qufpyfaewJh tHzG,fenf;vrf; &SpfoG,f

ukd awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/

'DrSm odyÜHenf;us azmfjrLvm udef;aoenf;udk Munfhyg/

1/ todÓPf tjrifrSef[m tBuHtpnfrSefukd jzpfapw,f/

2/ tBuHrSef[m tajymrSefukd vrf;cif;ay;w,f/

3/ tajymrSef[m tvkyfrSefukd yHhykd;ay;w,f/

4/ tvkyfrSef[m toufarG;rIrSefukd jzpfapw,f/

5/ toufarG;rIrSef[m tm;xkwfrIrSefukd jzpfapw,f/

6/ tm;xkwfrIrSef[m todrSefukd jzpfapw,f/

7/ owdrSef[m wnfMunfrI - orm"drSefukd jzpfapw,f/

onftxJrSm ykdNyD; odrfarGUwJh aqmif&GufzG,f enf;vrf;

(vrf;pOf) ESpfck&Sdw,f/ tJ'gu jrifhjrwfwJh edAÁmefokdY wkduf½kduf


ykdYay;EkdifwJh tcsufESpfcsuf jzpfw,f/ tJ'guawmh rSefuefaom

orm"d[m ukd,fykdifodwJh todÓPf tjrifrSefukd jzpfapw,f/

ukd,fawGU tjrifrSef[m rSefuefaom vGwfajrmufrIudk &&Sdapw,f

qkdwJh tcsufygyJ/

Ak'¨bmomrSmyJ &Sdw,f

txufyg thHMozG,faumif;vSwJh udef;aoenf;vrf;t&

yxrvSrf;vkdufwJh ajcvSrf;rSefvSsif aemufajcvSrf;awG tm;vHk;

rSefr,f/ yxrajcvSrf;rSm;vSsif tm;vHk;rSm;rSmyJ? todrSef

tjrifrSef&SdwJhol[m ]edAÁme}ukd a&mufr,f/ todrSm; tjrifrSm;wJh

ol[m ]ed&,} (i&J) ukd a&mufr,f/

'gaMumifh uREkfyfwkdY wpfawG[m todrSm; tjrifrSm;

jzpfaewJholawGudk todrSef tjrifrSef ay;jcif;tm;jzifh

ulnDu,frMu&r,f/ ulnDu,frMuygpkdY/


]]oAÁ 'geH "r®'geH Zdemwd There is no gift greater than the

Gift of Truth. vufaqmifwumwkdYwGif "r®vufaqmif opöm"r®

vufaqmif[m tjrihfjrwfqHk;}} vkdY Ak'¨u nTefMum;cJhygw,f/

uREkfyfwkdY[m tvGefrS thHMozG,faumif;wJh txufyg

udef;aoenf;udk MunhfvSsif Ak'¨bmomrSm todrSef tjrifrSef

&SdrI[m yxrqHk;ESifh aemufqHk;jzpfwmukd awGU&r,f/

pmayusrf;*efzwf½Ijcif;? ckvkd emMum;jcif;u&wJh tod

ÓPf[m yxrtqihf jzpfygw,f/ omreftodÓPfaygh/

udk,fykdifodwJh todÓPf[m aemufqHk;ygyJ/ 'DtHhMozG,f

aumif;wJh aMumif;usdK; uGif;quf[m Ak'¨bmomrSm awGU&

ygw,f/ Ak'¨bmomrSmyJ awGU&ygw,f/ wjcm; b,frSmrS

rawGU&ygbl;/

'ghaMumifh Ak'¨bmom[m urÇmay:rSm taumif;qHk;

bmomwpfck jzpfygw,f/ bmhaMumifhvJ qkdawmh odyÜHpdwf"mwf

&SdaewJh vlawGtwGuf odyÜHenf;usbmom (Scientific Religion


for Scientific Mind) jzpfaevkdYygyJ/ Ak'¨bmom[m edAÁmefukd

,ckb0rSmwifyJ ykdYnTefay;EkdifwJh bmomBuD; jzpfwJhtwGufvJ

bmomtm;vHk;wkdYwGif txGwftxdyf taumif;qHk; ,HkMunf

arSsmfvifhcsufukd trSefwu,f ay;EkdifwJh bmomBuD; jzpfygw,f/

<u,f0vSyí ynmÓPf&a&;

Ak'¨0g'&JU aMumif;usdK;qDavsmfyHkukd ed*Hk;csKyfajymcsifygw,f/

1/ arG;uwnf;u qif;&Jom; rdom;pkrS arG;vm&ol[m

t&ifb0u ESajrm0efwkdrI? 'geenf;yg;rI jzpfcJhvkdYygyJ/ arG;u

wnf;u olaX;rdbrSm arG;zGm;cJhol[m t&ifb0u tvSL'ge

odyfrsm;vkdY? oDv&Sdoludk ay;vSLulnDcJhvkdY 'Db0rSm 'Dvkd

jzpfwmyJ/ 'gaMumifh vSL'gef;rI? ulnDrIwkdY[m &&SdrI? jynfhpHkrI

oabmygyJ/ rvSL'gef; rulnDrI[m r&&SdrI? rjynfhpHkrI? csdKUwJhrI

oabmygyJ/


vlawG[m t&ifb0jzpfjzpf? tckb0jzpfjzpf udk,fvkyfwJh

uHtwkdif; tusKd;ay;Muw,f/ uHvkyfNyD; uH&JUwHkYjyefrI

(0dyguw&m;) u nDnGwfrI okdYr[kwf qefYusifrIukd

wHkYjyefaew,f/

- To give is to receive, not to give is not to receive.

- Action and reaction are equal and opposite.

2/ vlawG[m arG;uwnf;u acsmarmvSycJh&wmu

t&iftwdwfb0u a'goenf;yg; arwåm"mwf rsm;cJhvkdYygyJ/

vlawG[m arG;uwnf;u t½kyfqkd; tusnf;wef ½kyfrvS

jzpfaewmu twdwfb0u a'gorsm; trkef;yGm;cJhvkdY ckb0rSm

t½kyfqkd; aeMuw,f/ arwåmw&m;u vSyacsmarmrIukd

jzpfapw,f/ 'gukd vufawGU prf;oyfMunfhvkdY &ygw,f/

vlwpfa,mufukd wkwfeJYoGm;½kdufMunfh/ olYrsufESm eDjref; ½HIUrJh

vmr,f/ a'gota&mif awmufvmr,f/ ½kyfacsmolawmif

rsufESmrvSry jzpfoGm;w,f/


vlwpfa,mufukd ukd,fEIwfpdwf arwåmxm;NyD; qufqH

Munfh? pl;pl;pkdufpkduf arwåmbm0em yGm;Munfh? a'goBuD;olyJ

jzpfyap? arwåmbm0em ukd,fwkdif yGm;Munfh&if olYrsufESm

MunfvifNyD; acsmarmvSyaewm awGUjrif&w,f/ owå0g

tm;vHk;ukd arwåmykdYoaeol[m rsufESm &Tifvef; Munfvif

aew,f/ rjrif&wJh qGJaqmifrI arwåm"mwf 0ifaevkdY tm;vHk;u

MunfjzLaeMuw,f/ 'gaMumifh arwåmyGm;avh&Sdol[m ½kyftqif;

MunfvifvSyw,f/

3/ vlwpfa,mufu arG;uwnf;u ÓPfxkdif;ae&if

olYtwdwfb0u ynmÓPf rqnf;yl;cJhvkdYyJ? vlrkdufeJY tNrJ

aygif;oif;cJhvkdYyJ/ &[ef;ynm&Sd vlynm&SdawGeJY BuHKcJhayrJh

A[kokw ar;jref; pHkprf;avhr&SdcJhbl;/ 'gaMumifh ]bmukd usifhoHk;

&r,f? bmukdrusifhoHk;&bl;} qkdwmawG? ]b,ftvkyfu tusKd;

&Sdw,f? b,ftvkyfu tusdK;r&Sdbl;} qkdwJh udpövnf;

em;rvnfbl;/


arG;uwnf;u ÓPfynm xufjrwfwJhpdwfeJY arG;vmol

uawmh tJ'D ar;cGef;awGudk twdwf b0rsm;pGmu ar;jref;

pHkprf;cJhol jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh todÓPfxufjruf BuD;us,f

Muw,f/ avmu obm0t& &SmvSsif awGUw,f? pHkprf;rS

&w,f/ olwkdYwpfawG[m ÓPfynm&SdolawGeJY aygif;oif;

rdcJhvkdY olwkdYukd,fwkdif ÓPfynm&SdaeMuwmyJ/ 'gukd Munfhjcif;

tm;jzifh Ak'¨0g'[m ypöu©rSmyif vlom;awG&JU vkdtifqE´

b,fvkd jznfhpGrf;Ekdifw,fqkdwmvJ odEkdifw,f/

w&m;emoltm;vHk; r*¾if&Spfyg;vrf;ray:rSm BudK;pm;

avSsmufoGm;MuNyD; aAm"dÓPfac:wJh r*fÓPf? zkdvfÓPfukd

&MuygapvkdY qkawmif;arwåm ykdYovkdufygw,f/

tm;vHk;ukd aus;Zl;wifygw,f/


odyÜHenf;us bmom

]]Ak'¨bmom[m urÇmay:rSm taumif;qHk;bmom jzpfygw,f/

odyÜHenf;uswmudkrS vufcHvdkMuwJh olawGtwGuf

Ak'¨bmom[m odyÜHenf;uswJh? odyÜHESifh tppftaq;cHEdkifwJh

bmomjzpfvdkYygyJ/}}

Buddhism is the Finest Religion in the world as

it is a Scientific Religion for Scientific Minds.


2/ Ak'¨\ oGefoifqHk;rcsuf w&m;awmf

pdwfomy"me

Ak'¨&JU oGefoifqHk;rcsuf[m acwftqufqufrSm twkr&Sd

rGefjrwf rSefuef aeygw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m; oifjywJh tppftrSef

csrf;om&&Sda&; w&m;ESifh enf;pepf[m tcsdKUaom a0zefa&;

orm;rsm; ajymqkd xifrSwfovkd pdwfysuf tm;avsmhzG,f&m

a'oem r[kwfygbl;? ,ckb0 ,cktcsdefrSmyJ tjrifhqHk; csrf;om

okcukd &&SdapEkdifwJh a'oemjzpfygw,f/

uREkfyfwkdY ppfrSefwJh csrf;omukd tb,fuJhokdY &&SdEkdifygovJ/

aumif;wmvkyf? raumif;wma&SmifMuOf? pdwfudkjzLpifatmif

aq;aMum/ ]aumif;wmvkyfyg} qkdonfrSm ig;yg;oDvukd

apmifhxdef;jcif;yif jzpfygw,f/ oDvapmifhxdef;rS csrf;om

ygw,f/


ig;yg;oDvudk apmifhxdef;Mu&mü pmt&a&m pdwf"mwft&yg

vHkvHkNcHKNcHK apmihfxdef;Mu&ygr,f/ tay:,H pmpum;rSsom

odaevSsif ayghqrIjzpfí ÓPftjrif uif;oGm;wwfygw,f/

todÓPf &Sif;vif; pifMu,frIu tNrJ&Sifoefaeygw,f/

pmodu rckdifrmbl;? ig;yg;oDv apmihfxdef;&jcif;\ &nf&G,f

csufrSm a'goukd y,fowf&ef jzpfygw,f/

- 'geu avmbukd y,fowfay;ygw,f/

- oDvu a'goukd y,fowfay;ygw,f/

- bm0emu arm[ukd y,fowfay;ygw,f/

rSefygw,f/ tvSL'gejyKjcif; ulnDjcif;[m avmb

uyfndrIukd cGmypfvkdufygw,f/ oDv apmifhxdef;vSsif a'go

,kwfavsmh uif;uGmoGm;r,f? bm0emrsm;aeaom pdwf[m

arm[ukd y,fowf ypfvkdufygw,f/


ig;yg;oDv[lonf aumif;aom tusifhjzpfí ukd,f? EIwf?

pdwf oHk;yg;jzifh apmifhxdef; avhusifh &ygw,f/ t&m&monf

pdwfapwemay:rSm wnf&Sdaeygw,f/ pdwfaMumifh t&m&m

jzpfay:aeygw,f/ "r®y' yxrqHk;*gxmü -

- raemykAÁ*Frm "r®m?

- raemao|m raemr,m/

]]cyfodrf;aom w&m;tm;vHk;wkdYonf pdwfomvSsif a&SUoGm;

&Sdukef\/ pdwfuom w&m; tm;vHk;ukd OD;aqmifae\/

pdwfuom t&m&mudk zefwD;jyKvkyfae\/}} [lí jrwfpGmbk&m;

a[mMum;awmfrlygw,f/

- "The letter Killth, The Spirit giveth life."

- "Mind is the Precursor, Forerunner, Chief and Maker

of all things."


xkdYaMumifh pdwfukd owdxm; apmihfa&SmufvSsif tjrwfqHk;

aom csrf;omukd &ygw,f/ tm;vHk; rSefuef aumif;rGef

oGm;ygw,f/

pdwfukd rnfuJhokdY Munfh½Iavhvm apmifha&Smuf&rnfenf;/

Ak'¨a'oemonf tcsKyftm;jzifh pdwfudkavhvmNyD;? pdwf

tjrifrSef&ef tvkyfrSef&ef avhusifhrI udpöom jzpfygw,f/

xkdYaMumifh pdwfjzpfay:ckduf owdy|mefw&m;jzifh pdwfESifhyif

jyefvnf ½IrSwf&ygw,f/ pdwfukd tNrJowdxm; ½IrSwfaevSsif

pdwfpifMu,fNyD; trSefopöw&m;ukd awGUjrif em;vnf

oGm;ygw,f/ pdwfukdom apmifhMunfhae&if pdwf&JUpifMu,frIudk

{uefrkcs rvGJraoG &&Sdygw,f/ Oyrm aerif;BuD;[m eHeuftcg

{uefrkcs xGufay:vmovkdygyJ/


pdwfpifMu,fatmifxm;enf; ig;rsKd;

1/ þuJhokdY pdwf\ jzpf&yfwkdYudk owdw&m;ESifh ½IMunfh

&mwGif tukokdvfpdwf? udavompdwf ay:vm&if qefYusifbuf

pdwfESifh tpm;xkd;ay;&r,f/ Oyrm - a'gopdwf jzpfay:vmvSsif

arwåmpdwfukd jyKpkysdK;axmifay;í tpm;xkd;&r,f/ raumif;pdwf

0ifvmvSsif Ak'¨gEkówd yGm;rsm;NyD; ajymif;vJ ypf&r,f/

þAk'¨*kPfawmf yGm;rsm;aeaom pdwf[m tvGef aus;Zl;rsm;NyD;

xda&mufrI&Sdygw,f/ r[mu½kPm&Sif Ak'¨¨jrwfpGmonf &m*?

a'go? arm[rS uif;pifaomaMumifh *kPfawmfyGm;olvnf;

xkdudavomrsm;rS uif;&Sif;aeygw,f/

2/ pdwfpifMu,fatmif yxrenf;vrf;ESifh ratmifjrif

ao;vSsif 'kwd,enf;vrf;ukd BudK;pm; vkdufemMunfhoifhygw,f/

,if;enf;vrf;um; tjcm;r[kwf? tukokdvf 'kp½kdufpdwf\

tjypfrsm;? 'ku©rsm;udk qifjcifoHk;oyfaejcif;yif jzpfygw,f/

Oyrm - a'gopdwfonf wpfpwpfp jyif;xef BuD;xGm;vmaom


tcg vlowfrItxd jypfrIusL;vGefaMumif; qifjcifxm;&r,f/

xkdYaMumifh rdrdwkdY\ pdwfrSm a'gojzpfvSsif a'gopdwf jzpfay:

ckdufrSmyif rBuD;xGm;cif owdESifh y,fowfypf&r,f/ a'gopdwf

jzpfvSsifjzpfcsif; y,fazsmufEkdif&r,f/

3/ txufyg 'kwd,enf;ESifh ratmifjrifao;vSsif wwd,

enf;ukd oHk;pGJ&r,f/ jzpfay:vmaom raumif;pdwfukd arG;jrL

vufcH rxm;yJ pdwfa&mtm½kHyg ajymif;vJypfvkduf&r,f/ þokdY

pdwfESifhtm½Hk vrf;cGJ ajymif;vJypfvkdufwJhtcg raumif;wJhtm½Hkudk

pdwfu rpGJ,lawmhbl;? xkdtcg raumif;pdwf[m olYtvkdvkd

aoqHk;oGm;ygawmhw,f/

4/ wwd,enf;vrf;jzifh ratmifjrifao;vSSsif pwkw¬

enf;vrf;jzifh pdwfpifMu,fat;csrf;&ef avhusifhae&r,f/

,if;pwkw¬ enf;vrf;uawmh tukokdvfpdwf jzpfay:vm&jcif;&JU

taMumif;&if;ukd pOf;pm;oHk;oyfrI jzpfygw,f/ bmaMumifh


rSm;,Gif;aompdwf jzpfay:vmovJ? taMumif;ukd pOf;pm; qifjcif

ae&r,f? taMumif;&if;ukd &SmNyD;awmhvJ y,fvkdY&ygw,f/

5/ pwkw¬enf; ratmifjrifao;vSsif yÍörenf;jzpfwJh

]]wkduf½kduf&ifqkdifenf;}} ukd oHk;pGJ&r,f? tukokdvfpdwfukd

wkduf½kduf&ifqkdifjcif;rSm jzpfay:ckdufü tHukdMudwfNyD; pdwftiftm;

jzifh tpGrf;ukef &ifqkdif zdESdyfypfjcif;ukd qkdvkdygw,f/

£Ed́,rSm *sdef;0g'u oHk;pGJaomenf;rsdK;ESifh rwlnDyg? ]Zde}

qkdwm rdrdukd,fEIwfpdwfukd zdESdyfatmifjrifoljzpf&m wpfurÇmvHk;

udkvnf; tuefYowfrJh arwåm"mwfjzifh atmifjrifol jzpfygw,f?

rdrdpdwfukd atmifjrifol[m tm;vHk;udk atmifjrifaeygw,f/

xkdYaMumifh vGefcJhaom 2500 umvu £Ed́,EkdifiH Ak'¨*,m

t&yfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;[m rdrdpdwfukd atmifjrifawmfrlNyD;aemuf

]tm&Swkduf\ tvif;a&mif} omru? wpfurÇmvHk;\

tvif;a&mif (tusdK;aqmifol) jzpfawmfrlcJhygw,f/ pMu0Vm\

tvif;a&mifvkdYvnf; ac:Ekdifygw,f/


tukokdvfpdwfudk wkduf½kduf&ifqkdif acsrIef;wkdufckdufwJh

tvkyfrSm tHukdMudwf wufacgufNyD; twif;zdESdyfjcif;ukd qkdvkd

ygw,f/ Oyrm - tiftm;BuD;rm;aom eyef;orm;BuD;[m

wpfbuf ,SOfNydKifoludk qGJiifyifhajr§mufNyD; twif;vTifhypf

wGef;csvkdufouJhokdY jzpfygw,f/ tukokdvfpdwfukd tJovkd

tEkdifrcH t½IH;ray;wJh pdwf"mwfeJY tjywftowf acsrIef;ypfwJh

enf;ygyJ/

txufygenf;vrf;ig;oG,fukd toHk;jyKNyD; pdwfudk wpfMudrf

Ekdifrd&if Nidrfoufat;csrf;rIudk &&SdNyD; tukokdvfpdwf? udavom

pdwfrsm; 0ifa&mufaESmuf,SufrI rjyKMuawmhygbl;/

txufyg rdpäm0dwuf y,fenf;ig;ckudk tqifhqifh

oifhawmfovkd avhusifhoGm;vSsif tukokdvfpdwf 0ifvm

aomfvnf; tiftm;avsmhNyD; wpfpwpfp aysmufysufoGm;aMumif;

awGUBuHK&r,f/ oarÁm"dÓPf? opömÓPfqkdonfrSm tjcm;

r[kwf? þuJhokdY enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh pdwfrGefjrwfMunfvif


pifMu,frIudk ac:ygw,f/ þenf;vrf;ig;ckudk avhusifhaom

tcg pdwf[m wkdufcRwfNyD;aom rSefom;jyifuJhokdY awmufajymif

pifMu,fvmygvdrfhr,f/

usifhp&mawG rsm;aomfvnf; wpfckwnf;

tNrJowdjyKae&rSmu csrf;omokctppfukd &&SdvkdvSsif

ig;yg;oDvukd MudK;pm; apmifhxdef; ae&r,fqkdwJh tcsufyJ

jzpfygw,f/ oDvomvSsif vl\ tajccH tESpfom&jzpfí oDv

ta&;BuD;yHkukd jrwfpGmbk&m; rMumcP a[mMum; owday;awmf

rlygw,f/

jrwfpGmbk&m; oufawmfxif&Sm;&SdpOfu &[ef;wpfyg;[m

&[ef;odu©myk'f 227 oG,fukd apmifhxdef;&ef cufcJaeí tvGef

pdwfaomua&mufNyD; ]]odu©myk'fawG rsm;jym;vGef;vkdY vlxGuf

awmhr,f}} vkdY bk&m;ukd avSsmufygw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u -


]]csufcsif; pdwfrysuf&? tm;ravSsmh&bl;? wpfckaom

w&m;ukd ykdifykdifEkdifEkdif xdef;odrf;Ekdif&ifvJ udpötm;vHk; NyD;pD;

oGm;w,f? w&m;wpfckudk toif xdef;odrf;Ekdifyghrvm;}}

vkdY ar;awmfrlawmh &[ef;u ]]apmifhxdef;Ekdifygw,f? tJ'Dw&m;

wpfcku b,f[mygvJ}} vkdY jyefvnf avSsmufxm;ygw,f/

tJawmh

]]oif[m oifhpdwfwpfckudk apmifhMunfhxdef;odrf;Ekdifrvm;?

oifhpdwfukd apmifhxdef;Ekdif&if usefwJhodu©myk'fawG apmihfxdef;zkdY

rvkdbl;? b,fhES,fhvJ}} vkdYbk&m;u ar;ygw,f/ tJawmh

vlxGufcsifwJh &[ef;u aysmfoGm;NyD; ]]xdef;yghr,fbk&m;}} vkdY

avSsmufvkdY pdwfxdef;enf; ay;awmfrlw,f/

tJ'D&[ef;[m pdwftm;xufoef &Tifvef;vmum awmt&yf

okdY csOf;uyfNyD; wpfyg;wnf; aeygw,f/ aeYa&mnyg olYpdwfukd

owdESifh ½IrSwfNyD; owdESifh xdef;ausmif;ae&m rMumrD &[EÅm

jzpfawmfrlygw,f/ toifwkdYvJ ukd,fhpdwfukd owdESifh ½IrSwf


xdef;ausmif;aevSsif aAm"dÓPfukd &Ekdifygw,f/ ("r®y' =

tEkykAÁax&f0w¬KESifh uÍöeu©E¨Zmwu ukd½Iyg/)

aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrhrI&zkdY&m ig;yg;oDvyJ &Sdygw,f/

taemufbuf urÇmu odyÜHq&mrsm;[m ig;yg;oDvukd odyÜH

ynm&yfxJrSm xnfhoGif;avhusifhMuvSsif xm0pOfcsrf;omNyD;

ckdifrmwJh Nidrf;csrf;a&;ukd &&SdMurSm rvGJygbl;? taemuf

EkdifiHrsm;u olwkdY&JU odyÜHavmuxJrSm tPkjrLAHk;? [kduf'½kd*sifAHk;?

"mwkaA'vufeufrsm; ESifhtwl ig;yg;oDv vTrf;NcHKxm;vSsif

vlom;wkdYukd tEÅ&m,f rjyKEkdifawmhyg/ xkdtcg odyÜHynmaMumifh

ab;tEÅ&m,fBuD;vSwJh ppfyGJqkdwm rawGUBuHKEkdifawmhbl;? vlom;

tm;vHk; xm0&Nidrf;csrf;rIudk &&SdcHpm;Mu&ygvdrfhr,f/ Ak'¨&JU

arwåmAHk; vufeufukd vTrf;rkd; EkdifwJh vufeuf r&SdawmhvkdYygyJ/

rSefygw,f/ qkd;0g;jyif;xefvSaom yvlwkdeD,HAHk;? tufwrf

AHk;awG[m ab;tEÅ&m,f BuD;rm;w,f qkdayr,fh arwåm"mwf

[laom vufeufBuD;ukd rwky rNydKifqkdifEkdifygbl;/ þavmurSm


arwåm vufeufxuf ykdí pl;&Sjyif;xef omvGefaom vufeuf

[lí vHk;0r&Sdyg/ Ak'¨&Sifawmfbk&m; a[mMum;wJh arwåmusifhpOf

omvSsif b,favmuf tiftm; BuD;rm;w,fqkdwm ]]yÍöoDv}} ukd

Munhf½HkESifh odEkdifygw,f/ yÍöoDv = ig;yg;oDv qkdwm

bmawGvJ -

1/ yxrodu©myk'frSm olYtoufowfjcif;

(1) ygPmwdygwm a0&rPdodu©my'H orm'd,mrd/

"I undertake to observe the precept which is abstinence

from taking life (All life, even the smallest insect)

touf&Sd owå0grSeforSsudk owfjzwfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf

xdef;odrf;jcif; jzpfygw,f/ ao;i,f vSwJh ykd;rTm;taumif

wd&pämefukdaomfrS rowf&vkdY oDvu qHk;raew,f/

owå0gwkdif; touf&Sifoef vIyf&Sm;aeorSs owå0gwkdif;rSm

tvm;tvmaumif; arSsmfvifhcsuf aumif;awG &Sdaew,f? rdrdu

'gukd oGm;NyD; rowfjzwfypfygESifh/


owå0gwkdif; wpfOD;ukd owfypfvkdufwmESifh xkdowå0g&JU

b0wkd;wufrI txufwef; vSrf;arSsmfrIudpöukd 0ifa&muf[efYwm;

jzwfawmufvkdufwmjzpfvkdY ao;i,faom ykd;rTm;ukdyif a&SmifMuOf

&ygw,f? vlwpfa,muf towfcH&vSsif ol&JUb0wkd;wufrI

vrf;pOfjywfpJNyD; MudK;pm;rI qdwfokOf;oGm;&w,f? rnfonfh

owå0gukdrqkd owfjzwfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfwJh oDvw&m;ukd

apmifhxdef;&jcif;[m olwpfbufom;&JU tcGifhta&;ukd r[efYwm;

rzsufqD;&ef twGufyJjzpfygw,f/ xkdYjyif rdrdrSm ukd,fcsif;pm

w&m; u½kPmw&m;&Sd&ef owfjzwfrIudpöukd a&SmifMuOf

ae&ygr,f? 'ghaMumifh ]]qm-tuf'GiftmEdk;}} a&;wJh ]]tm&S\

tvif;a&mif}} r[muAsmBuD;xJrSm -

Killeth not for pity's sake and lest ye slay. The meanest

thing upon its upward way.

(The Light of Asia)


]]tkd vlom;wkdY - owå0gwkdYudk rowfjzwfMuygESihf?

oem;aomtm;jzifh rowfMuygESifh? tao;i,fqHk; owå0gukd

owfypfvSsifyif ol\wufvrf;ukd csdK;zsufypf&m a&mufaeonf}}

[k owday;ygw,f/

rSefygw,f? b0&JU ed,mropömw&m;ukd avhvmí em;vnf

odjrifvmvSsif wpfOD;uwpfOD;ukd rowfjzwfoifhaMumif; xif&Sm;

ay:vGifvmygvdrfhr,f? bmvkdYvJqdkawmh rnfolrSs owå0g

wpfa,mufukd owfypf&ef ukd,fykdiftcGifhta&; r&Sdyg?

towfcH&olukd jyef&Sifoefatmif rnfolrSs rvkyfEkdifvkdYygyJ/

towfcH&olukd wkd;wuf aumif;rGefaom tajctae a&muf

atmif rykdYaqmif EkdifvkdYygyJ/

owå0gwdkif;twGuf touf&Sifoefae&wmudku tzkd;wef

qHk;aom "eOpömypönf; ykdifqkdif ae&wmjzpfvkdY owfjzwfol[m

þ&wemudk ckd;,lzsufqD;ypfaeol jzpfygw,f/ toufudk

owfjcif;[m toufukd vk,ufckd;,loGm;jcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/


'gaMumifh towfcHol[m aocgeD; olYESvHk;om;xJrSm

rwwfomvkdY t½HI;ay;vkduf&ayr,fh a'gopdwf tmCmwpdwf

0ifNyD; aooGm;&w,f/ oifhukd aemufb0 wpfckckrSm jyefvnf

vufpm;acs owfjzwfzkdY qHk;jzwfoGm;rSmyJ/

vlawG[m rvkdtyfyJ bmhaMumifh &efpyGm;csif&ovJ?

oufoufrJh &efol&SmaeMuw,f? oifh&JU [',ESvHk;om;rSm

owfvkdaom apwem qkd;,kwfaompdwfukd bmhaMumifh wG,fuyf

xm;ygovJ? arwåmpdwf arwåmapwem&Sdol[m olwpfyg;udk

owfvkdY r&bl;? n§Of;vJ rn§Of;qJawmhbl;? oem;vkdY owfw,f

qkdwJh 0g'[m rSm;,Gif; ,kwfrmvSygw,f? owfw,fqkdwm

a'goyJ? bmhaMumifhrsm; oifhESvHk;om;ukd pufqkyfp&m a'go

tzsufcH&ovJ/

owfwJhvlukd vltrsm;u rkef;wD;aMumuf&GHUaeMuw,f?

bmaMumifhvJ?? arwåmpdwf u½kPmpdwf&SdwJholukd wpfavmu

vHk;u cspfcifaeMuw,f? bmaMumifhvJ?? wu,fawmh owfwJhol


rSeforSs[m tusifhpm&dwå ysufaeol jzpfw,f? tusifhp½kduf

raumif;ol? arwåmpdwfukd acsrIef;ypfol? a'go tmCmwwkdYudk

yGm;apol? ukd,fusdK;&Smorm; twåvGefuJol? 'ku©ukd&Smaeol?

'ku©ay;aeol? avmuBuD;&JU aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrhrIudk zsufqD;aeolyJ

jzpfw,f/

r[wår*E¨DBuD;\ uG,fvGefcgeD; tqkdtrdefY

ygPmwdygwESifhpyfí txl;owdcsyf&ef wpfckrSm ao'Pf

ay;í owfypfjcif; jzpfygw,f? vnfyif;BudK;uGif;pGyfí

owfjcif;? vSsyfppfukvm;xkdifrSm xkdifapNyD; owfjcif; ponfh

ao'PfwkdYrSm rIcif;ukd t&if;tjrpfupí y,fzsuf&m

ra&mufyg/ uREfkyf&JU pmwrf;i,f ]]rIcif;ESifhao'Pf}} qkdwJh

pmtkyfrSm uREfkyf atmufygtwkdif; a&;om; azmfjycJhzl;w,f/

]]cE¨mukd,fukd owfypfjcif;onf tusdK;r&Sdyg? rodrkdufrJ

pdwfuom tjypfukd usL;vGefí wm0ef&Sdol jzpfw,f?

rodrkdufrJrIomvSsif vlowform; tppftrSef jzpfygw,f/


'gaMumifh rodrkdufrJrIudkom owfypf&r,f? MudK;ay;&r,f?

b,fvkdowfjzwf MudK;ay;&rvJ?? vlowform;ukd opöm? ynm?

Ak'¨a'oema[mMum;NyD; rkdufrJrI? rodrIudk y,fowfypfEkdifw,f/}}

]]rodrkdufrJrIudk MudK;ay;owfypfyg}} qkd&mrSm rodrkdufrJrI

onfomvSsif rIcif;jzpfay:apaom taMumif;&if; tppfjzpfwJh

twGuf Ak'¨a'oemt& w&m;cHtppfukd azmfxkwfjyojcif;

jzpfygw,f/ þokdY todynmay;í rodrIudk owfypf&rnfhtpm;

cE¨mukd,fBuD;ukd owfypfaeMuw,f? vufonftppfukdawmh

rnfolurSs rowfMubl;/

r[wår*E¨DBuD;u vli,fwpfpkwkdY olYukd 0kdif;0ef;í owfzkdY

BudK;yrf;MuwJhtcg -

]]tkd vli,fwkdY? bmvkyfMuwmvJ?? oifwkdY[m 'Dtykyfaumif

cE¨mukd,fBuD;ukdom &Mur,f? ighukd oifwkdYowfvkdY r&ygbl?

owfcsifMuvJ owfMuyg}} vkdY ajymMum;zl;ygw,f/


“O boys! What are you going to do? The only thing you

can deprive me of is this empty carcas. If you like, take it

but you can never take me.”

þenf;twlyJ ao'PfcsrSwfMuolawG[mvJ tzdk;rwefwJh

cE¨mudk,ftavmif;udkom &&SdMuw,f? wu,fawmh pdwfuom

ukodkvf tukodkvf jzpfapí pdwfudk jyKjyif&r,f? rdkufrJawGa0

aewJh pdwfudkom &mZ0wfaumifvdkY ac:qdk&w,f? owfoifh

w,f? BudK;ay;oifhw,f/

&mZ0wfrI usL;vGefoludk todynm b,fvdkay;&rvJ?

w&m;a'oem a[m&r,f? oHa0* &atmif a[m&r,f? tjypfudk

odNyD; aemifa&SmifMuOfatmif a[m&r,f? ynmay;jcif;jzifh ynm

&Edkifw,f? rodrIudk owfypfvdkufw,f? jyóemt&if;udk

ajz&Sif;&r,f? ol trSefomodvQif owfjzwfrI rjyKawmhbl;?

vnfyif;onf w&m;cHr[kwf? usL;vGefolr[kwf? vnf;yif;rSm


BudK;uGif;pGyf owfypfjcif;[m rSm;,Gif;wJh owfrIjzpfw,f?

urÇmBuD;[m apmufxdk;ajymif;jyef jzpfaew,f/

uk|a&m*gonfrsm;

Elema&m*gonf ESpfrsdK;&Sdygw,f? wpfrsdK;rSm cE¨mudk,frSm

Elema&m*g pGJuyfaejcif;jzpfw,f/

aemufwpfrsdK;u pdwfrSm Elema&m*g pGJuyfaejcif;jzpfw,f/

Elema&m*g ukd,frSmpGJuyfaeoludk vlawGu a&SmifMuw,f?

oludk,fwdkifvnf; q&m0efxHoGm;NyD; ukocHavh&Sdw,f? pdwfrSm

Elema&m*g pGJuyfaewJh oluawmh olYa&m*gudk rukobJ

xm;w,f? um,tElxuf pdwftEla&m*gu ydkqdk; ydkaMumufzdkY

aumif;w,f? ydkNyD; tEÅ&m,fvJBuD;aew,f? þudavom

pdwfa&m*gudk tvsiftjref uko&aumif;rSef;odwJh vlu

tvGefenf;yg;w,f/ pdk;&drfylyefpdwfyif r&SdMubl;/ vlaumif;

xifaew,f? pdwfElema&m*gonfqdkwm b,folawGvJ? arm[

t0dZÆm zHk;vTrf;NyD; avmb? a'go? rme? remvdk 0efwdkrI&SdaewJh


vlawG[m pdwfElema&m*gonfawGyJ/ aumif;NyD - tJ'DpdwfElem

a&m*gonfawGu b,favmufrsm;rvJ? vlwpf&mvQif 99

&mcdkifEIef;? wu,fawmh vlawGtm;vHk; ygyJ? 'gayr,fh olwdkYu

vlaumif; xifaeMuw,f/

ig;yg;oDv pdwfxJuyg vHkygap

vltrsm;pk[m umr*kPfcHpm;rI? umrokcrSm aysmfydkuf

ae&wmudk tqdyfaomufae&w,fvdkY rodjrifMu? em;vnf;

rvnfMubl;/ vltoD;oD; 'Gg&ajcmufyg;uae tqdyfudk

,liifaomufpm; aeMuw,f/ rsufpdu ½lyg½Hkaumif;aumif;?

em;u o'´g½Hkaumif;aumif;? ESmacgif;u teHY aumif;aumif;?

vQmu t&omaumif;aumif;? udk,fu tawGYtxd aumif;

aumif;? pdwfu tawG;tac: tBuHtpnf aumif;aumif;?

'gawGudk w&pyf pm;oHk;aeMuw,f? tqdyfrSef; rodMubl;?

aysmfyg;aeMuw,f? tm½Hkaumif;aumif;udk ESpfoufpGJvef;NyD;

aiGaMu;rsm;pGm tukeftuscHNyD; &,lcHpm; aeMuw,f/


Oyrm qdkMuygpdkY? vlwpfa,mufu oifhudk &Sefydeft&uf

cGufvSvSuav;eJY vmay;w,f qdkMuygpdkY/ t&ufu tqif;?

teHY? t&om aumif;aomfvnf; tqdyfygaewmudk rodrjrifwJh

vlrdkuf[m 0rf;omtm;& vSrf;,lNyD; aomufrsdKvdkufrSmyJ?

tqdyfa& 0ifoGm;NyD; olaoqHk;oGm;w,f? tqdyfudk tqdyfrSef;

odol? tay:,HwGif rMunfhbJ txJxdjrifwJholu xdkt&om

&Sdaom &Sefydeft&ufudk jiif;y,fvdkufrSmyJ? 'Dawmh ol touf

ab;rS csrf;om&m &oGm;r,faygh? 'gu vQmt&om cHcsifwJhvl?

rsufpdt&om? em;t&om cHcsifwJhvlawGvJ xdkenf;¤if;yJ/

avmurSm umr*kPf tm½HkwdkYudk aeYpOf aomufrsdKpm;oHk;

aeMuw,f? vlwpf&mvQif 99 a,muf[m &SefydefxJrSm tqdyf

yg0ifaerSef; odvsufESifhudk aomufaeMuw,f? rsufpdu ½lyg½Hk

acsmacsm vSvSuav;udk jrif&aomfvnf; xdk½lyg½Hkudk tqdyf

jzpfaMumif; odol enf;yg;vSygw,f? ½lyg½Hk aumif;aumif;udkom

Munfhcsif jrifcsif &csifaeMuygw,f? vlawG[m tm½Hk ig;yg;udk


tqdyfrSef;rod? aeYpOf Nrdefa& &Sufa& pm;oHk;&if;ESifhyJ aoqHk;

oGm;Muw,f? wpfb0ukefMuw,f? 'grqef;ygbl;? ykxkZOfqdkwm

t½l;awGyJ[mudk;/

vGwfvyfa&;yGJBuD; pnfum; crf;em;ygayw,f? pdwfydkif;

qdkif&m vGwfvyfa&;twGuf bmaMumifh rBudK;pm;MuovJ?

bmaMumifh atmifyGJ rusif;yMuovJ/

twGif;atmifjcif;udk atmifjrif&r,f? rsufpd? em;? ESm? vQm

paom 'Gg&ajcmufyg;? ½lyg½Hk? o'´g½Hk? *E¨m½Hk? &om½Hk ponfwdkY&JU

aus;uRefjzpfae&wm 0rf;enf;aMuuGJzG,f&m jzpfw,f? 'Gg&

ajcmufyg;rSm wPSm? rme? 'd|d enf;atmif aysmufuif;atmif

jyKvkyfrS twGif;vGwfvyfa&; &&SdNyD; twGif;atmifjcif;udkvnf;

&&SdrSmyg/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif[m pdwfvGwfvyfa&; &ovdk

owdy|mef tm;xkwfolwdkif; pdwfvGwfvyfa&; &Edkifygw,f?

jrwfpGmbk&m;udk tm½Hkajcmufyg;u aus;uRefjyK vkyfapcdkif;vdkY

r&awmhbl;? wu,fcdkifNrJaom pdwfvGwfvyfa&;udk &oGm;NyD?


rnfonfhtm½Hk rnfol\ vTrf;rdk;rIudkrQ rcH&awmhbl;?

twGif;&eftaESmiftzGJYu vGwfvyfaeolrSomvQif tjyif&ef

taESmiftzGJUu vGwfvyfaerSm jzpfygw,f/

ydk;rTm;ygaoma&udk aocsmpGmppfNyD; aomufEdkifygvsuf

ppfNyD; raomufvQif 'g ygPmwdygw yJ/

olwpfyg;touf? owå0gtoufudk u,fEdkifygvsuf

ru,fol rulnDol[m ygPmwdygw odu©myk'fudk usL;vGef&m

a&mufygw,f/

Oyrm a&epfaeoludkjrifvQif rdrdu a&ul;wwfolvJ

jzpfr,fqdk&if 0ifa&muf u,fq,f &r,f? ru,fq,f&if

ygPmwdygwuHudk usL;vGef&ma&mufw,f/ bmaMumifhvJ

qdkawmh vlrSef&if arwåmw&m;? udk,fcsif;pmpdwf &Sd&r,f/

arwåmpdwf&SdvQif u,fEdkifaom tajctae&SdvQif u,f& rnfom

jzpfw,f/ ru,fol twåorm;bJ? udk,fusdK;&Smol udk,fusdK;

udkomMunfhí tvGefrdkufrJol jzpfw,f? olwpfyg; 'ku©


a&mufvQif &yfNyD; Munfhraeoifhbl;? wwfEdkifoavmuf

0ifa&muf ulnD&r,f? rdrdudk,fudk cspfcif,k,ovdk olwpfyg;

udkvnf; cspfcif ,k,&r,f? ulnDapmifha&Smuf &r,f/

jrwfpGmbk&m;u -

“owå0gtm;vHk;udk nDtpfudk armifESr rdbaqGrsdK;vdk cH,l

odjrif oabmxm;Muavmh” vdkY rSmMum;awmfrlcJhw,f/ arwå

okwfawmfwGifvnf; -

rmwm ,xm ed,H ykwå} rm,kom {uykwå} rEk&au©/

{0rÜd oAÁblawok? rmeoH bm0a, ty&drmPH/

"Just as a mother at the risk of her own life would

protect her son, even so let one cultivate a boundless heart

towards all beings!"

“owå0gtm;vHk;udk odonfjzpfap rodonfjzpfap? rdcifu

wpfOD;wnf;aomom;udk touf ay;NyD; csifcifapmifha&Smuf


ulnDovdk qufqHulnDrI jyK&r,f/ owå0g tm;vHk;tay:

tuefYtowf r&Sdaom arwåmpdwfxm;&r,f? yGm;rsm;&r,f” vdkY

rdefYrSmxm;ygw,f/

udk,fusdK;&Smpdwf r&SdrS

rSefygw,f? toufowfrI a&SmifMunf&ovdk owå0g

wdkYudkvnf; ulnDrI jyKvkyf&ygOD;r,f? arwåmapwempdwf xm;&Sd

ol[m owå0gwdkif;udk tusdK;jyKovdk edAÁmefw&m;udkvnf; odjrif

&&SdEdkif ygw,f? todynmÓPf? opömav;yg;ÓPfudk xdyg;

[efYwm; aESmifh,SufrIonfvnf; ygPmwdygw wpfrsdK;yif

jzpfygw,f/

xdkYaMumifh ouúm,'d|d? twå'd|dudk t&ifqHk; y,fowfay;rS

opömav;yg;ÓPf yGifhvif;&Sifoef aer,f/ oDvw&m;? 'ge

w&m; ponf usifhoHk; aqmufwnfMu&mwGif ]ig} ]ighukodkvf}

]ig&&SdrI} [laom ouúm,'d|dpdwf a&SUoGm;OD;aqmif rjyK&ef

owdjyKoifhygw,f? ]ig} &Sdw,f? ]igh0dÓOfaumif} ]ig\ ydkifqdkifrI}


ponfh cH,lcsuftjrifwdkYrSm ouúm,'d|dyifjzpfí r*¾ifusifhpOfrSm

rygoifhbl;? ]ig} ]ighOpöm} [laom 'd|dt,lonf arm[ t0dZÆm

OD;pD;aejcif; jzpfaeygw,f/

xdkYaMumifh ig&vdkrI igydkifqdkifvdkrI ig\twåtwGuf[laom

]udk,fusdK;&Smpdwf} uif;uif;&Sif;&Sif; ypfy,fxm;NyD; ig;yg;oDvudk

aqmufwnfMu&ygr,f? olrsm;tusdK;udkvnf; aqmif&Gufay;Mu

&r,f? odkYrSom wdusjynfh0aom oDvudk &&SdEdkifw,f/

ig;yg;oDvudk udk,f? EIwf? pdwf oHk;yg;pvHk;rSmyif

apmifha&Smuf xdef;odrf;&r,f? pdwfeJYvnf; owfcsifpdwf

ay:aewwf&m ]'Dvlu igh&efolyJ? igh&efol jrefjrefaoygap} vdkY

tBuHrsm; jzpfay:aevQif owfvdkaom apwem jzpfay:

aeygawmhw,f? ygPmwdygwuHudk pdwfESifhvGefusL;

csdK;azgufjcif; jzpfoGm;awmhw,f? ig;yg;oDvudk pdwfupNyD;

csdK;azmufEdkifí pdwfapwemaumif; xm;&r,f? pdwfudk


xdef;ausmif;&r,f? pdwfESifhig;yg;oDv xdef;csKyfjcif;udk pwif

jyKvkyfoifhygw,f/

2/ 'kwd,odu©myk'frSm olray;aomOpöm,ljcif;

(2) t'dEém'gem a0&rPdodu©my'H orm'd,mrd/

"Abstinence from taking what is not given to one"

axmifrusaom olcdk;BuD;rsm;

]]olwpfyg; ray;aom Opömudk rcdk;,lyg}} [k t"d|mefESifh

aqmufwnf&r,f? ]]ray;aom ypönf;Opömudk r,l}} [laom

pum;udk Ak'¨bmomrSmoHk;pGJavh&Sdw,f? ]cdk;onf}[k toHk;tpGJ

enf;ygw,f? ydkif&Sifu ypönf;Opömudk uREkfyfwdkYvufxJodkY

ay;tyfrSom ay;rIt&m ajrmufw,f? ray;vQif ay;rI

t&mra&mufí ]ray;wm r,l} [laom a0g[m&u ydkí

rSefuefygw,f? ray;wm,lvQif þodu©myk'fudk usL;vGef&m


a&mufygw,f? udk,fxdvufa&muf ay;rSomvQif ,loifh?

r,loifh ,HkrSm;oHo, uif;&Sif;w,f/

tjcm; t'dEém'geudpörSm tav;pOf;vJ awmif;pOf;vJ

csdefwG,f a&mif;cs&mü r½dk;om;jcif;? csdefpOf;vJ? aygufaps;

EIef;xuf aps;EIef; ydk,ljcif;? vkyftm;vc avQmhay;jcif;?

ypönf;wefzdk;udk tydktrdk csJUum;ajymqdkí awmif;jcif;? EdkYudk

a&a&mouJhodkY ypönf;udk a&maESmjcif; ponfwdkY yg0ifMuygw,f?

vk,ufwdkufcdkuf twif;,ljcif;rSm txufygudpöwdkY\ BuD;xGm;

rIyif jzpfygw,f/

vlwpfa,muf[m aygifrkefYwpfvHk;udk cdk;,lvQif zrf;í

axmifcsypfw,f? vlwpfa,mufu wdkif;jynf wpfjynfvHk;udk

twif;wdkufcdkuf odrf;,lvQif ]tifyg,m&SifBuD;? urÇmhtkyfpdk;

olBuD;} ponfjzifh csD;usL;Muygw,f? ykxkZOfwdkYonf ½l;rdkuf

aeMuygw,f/ uav;rsm;iwfaeí cdk;oludkom olcdk;[kac:NyD;

olrsm;wdkif;jynfodrf;,loludk tifyg,mocif bGJYxl;ay;Mu


ygw,f? enf;enf;cdk;oludk tjypf'Pf csrSwfNyD; trsm;BuD;cdk;oludk

*kPfjyKcsD;usL;Muygw,f? ausmufwdkif armfuGef;xdk;NyD; ordkif;rSm

]urÇmausmfyk*¾dKvfBuD;}[k rSwfwrf;wifMuygw,f/

olrsm;wdkif;jynfudk twif;odrf;ydkufolrSm olcdk;tBuD;qHk;

jzpfw,fvdkY rjrifMubl;? ]r[m} [laom bGJUudkyif ay;tyf

Muw,f? Oyrm - ]r[mtvufZE´m;bk&ifBuD;? r[mqDqm

bk&ifBuD;? r[meydkvD,Hbk&ifBuD;} [k ordkif;pmtkyfrsm;uyif

csD;usL;cJhMuygw,f? olwdkYonf axmifrusonfh tjyif ]r[m}

[laom bGJUxl;udkyif &&SdMuw,f? olcdk;BuD;rsm;twGuf axmifu

ao;i,f vGef;vSaomaMumifhvm; rqdkEdkifbl;/ vlrdkufwdkYomvQif

,if;yk*¾dKvfwdkYudk csD;usL;wwfMuygw,f? olwdkYvlESifh olwdkY

avmurSmawmh [kwfaeMuwmygyJ/

3/ wwd,odu©myk'frSm olYtdrf&mjypfrSm;jcif;

(3) umarokrdpämpm&m a0&rPdodu©my'H orm'd,mrd/

'Abstinence from adultery'


umr*kPfudpö arSmufrSm;usL;vGefjcif;udk a&SmifMuOf&rnf

qdkonfrSm tjcm;om;r,m; om;ysdK orD;ysdKudk rzsufqD;yg?

tjcm; vifa,musfm;ESifh rqufqHyg? a&SmifMuOfygrnf [k qdkvdk

ygw,f? rdrdudk,fwdkif todÓPfjzifh qE´tavsmuf a&SmifMuOf

&jcif;om jzpfw,f? xm0& bk&m;ocif\ trdefYawmf tmPm

xm;csufrsm; r[kwfyg? ]uREfkyf þodu©myk'fudk cH,laqmufwnf

ygrnf} [laom pum;u av;eufí rsm;pGm t"dyÜg,f&Sdygw,f?

wefcdk;&Sif\ trdefYtmPmt& oDvudk vdkufem&jcif; r[kwfyg?

trdefYawmfrsm;udk Ak'¨bmomrSm rawGYU&yg/

uREfkyfwdkYtm; vlBuD;vdkqufqHaom Ak'¨

Ak'¨bmomrSwpfyg; tjcm;bmomwdkYonf zefqif;&Sif

wefcdk;&Sifu ]bmrvkyfeJY? bmudkvkyf} [lí trdefYay;Muw,f?

Ak'¨bmomuawmh trdefYawmfrsm; jy|mef;xm;í wpfOD;

wpfa,mufu 'kwfBuD;jyNyD; 'gudk rvkyfeJY[lí trdefYay;aom

bmomr[kwfyg? Ak'¨u vlom;tm;vHk;udk todÓPf &Sdolrsm;


uJhodkY qufqHí w&m;a'oemudk a[mMum;ygw,f? uREfkyfwdkYudk

tawG;tac:&Sdol? qifjcifwHkw&m; vufudkifxm;ol tjzpf

oabmxm;NyD; vrf;rSefudk jy½Hkom jzpfw,f? twif;tusyf

'gudkrvkyf& [lí todÓPfr&Sdaom uav;wpfa,muftm;

trdefYay;jcif;rsdK; r&Sdyg? rdrd todÓPf t& rdrda&SmifMuOf&rSm

jzpfygw,f/

rSefygw,f? uREfkyfwdkYonf todtvdr®m ynmÓPf

wdk;wwfvmonfESifhtrQ oDvudk ydkrdk xdef;ausmif; vmMur,f?

ynmÓPf&Sdolom oDvapmifhEdkifw,f? oDvudk twif;tusyf

trdefYt& apmifhMu&rnfvdkY ra[mcJhyg? jrwfpGmbk&m;onf

r[mu½kPm r[mynmESifh jynfhpHkawmfrl&m ]oifwdkYonf ynm

ÓPf&SdvQif? odkYr[kwf qif;&J'ku©rS vGwfajrmufvdkvQif ig;yg;

oDvudk apmifhxdef;oifhonf} [lí tBuHjyK vrf;nTefrIudk

omvQif a[mjyygw,f? 'ku©rSvGwfvdkvQif ig;yg;oDvudk


apmifhxdef;oifhonf [kom jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmf

rlygw,f/

oifwdkYonf 'ku©udk ESpfoufwG,fwm cH,laevdkMu

ao;vQif oifwdkYpdwfBudKuft& jyKvkyfEdkif Muygw,f? oifwdkY\

todÓPf cH,lcsuft&om qdkif&mudpöudk oifwdkYjyKvkyfMu&r,f?

xdkYaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;u owå0gtm;vHk;udk vlBuD;vdk

oabmxm;NyD; qufqHw,f? uav;vdk oabm rxm;bl;/

uREfkyfwdkY bmudkvkyf&rnf qdkwm twif;tusyf rcdkif;yg/

uREfkyfonf tjcm;bmomBuD;rsm;udk a0zefESdyfcs ajymaejcif;

r[kwfyg? uJh&JU ½Iwfcsaejcif; r[kwfyg? tjypfwifaejcif;vJ

r[kwfyg? urÇmhbmomBuD;rsm;ESifh Ak'¨bmom jcm;em;csufudk

EdIif;,SOfjyojcif;om jzpfygw,f? bmomcsif; EdIif;,SOf csdefq

Munfh&efrSm vlBuD;ESifh vlykuav;rsm;udk pDwef;,SOfxm;NyD;

Munfh½IavhvmrS uGm[csufudk odjrif em;vnfEdkifovdk ygyJ/


uREfkyfwdkYonf tjcm; bmom0ifrsm;udk Ak'¨bmomxJ

ul;ajymif; 0ifa&mufvm&efvnf; r&nf&G,fyg? vlom;tm;vHk;udk

b0opöm trSefudkom a[mjy&Sif;vif; ay;aejcif; jzpfygw,f?

trSefopöm obm0opömudkom wifjy a[mMum;aeygw,f?

'Dw&m;a'oem a[mMum;rI NyD;qHk;vQif uREfkyfwdkY wm0ef

0wå&m;vnf; NyD;qHk;oGm;ygNyD? 'Dw&m;a'oemudk vufcHonf

jzpfap? vufrcHonf jzpfap uREfkyftzdkY bmrQxl;jcm;cHpm;rI

r&Sdyg? uREfkyf\wm0ef ausoGm;NyDav/

wwd,odu©myk'fudk qufMuOD;pdkY? tdrfaxmifonfwdkY[m

rdrdZeD;r,m;? rdrdvifom;jzifhomvQif a&mifh&JpGm aexdkif

&ygw,f/ wPSm&m*\ tvdkaemufodkY rvdkufoifhyg? tjcm;

trsdK;orD;udk &m*pdwfESifh MunfhvdkufvQifyif umarokrdpämpm&uH

usL;vGef&ef tpysdK;rdjcif; jzpfygw,f? pdwfrSpí tjypf'Pf

a&mufaeonfudk owdxm;oifhygw,f/


tdrfaxmifom;arG;rIESifh obm0ywf0ef;usif

vltrsm;pku &[ef;jyKolrsm;? oDv&Sif0wfolrsm;? &aoh

olawmfpifvkyfí awmxGuf w&m;usifh olrsm;udk wpfrsdK;jrifavh

&SdMuw,f? trSefpifppfu a,mufsm;? rdef;r toD;oD; awmrSm

w&m; usifhoHk;MuvQif urÇmavmuBuD;[m wu,fhokcbHkBuD;

jzpfaeygvdrfhr,f? awmxJrSm w&m;usifhol aygrsm;vmvQif

tm[m& udpöenf;yg;vmí v,f,majr wdk;csJYaep&m rvdkyg?

opfyif awmawmif awGudk ckwfvSJypfp&m rvdkyg? xdktcg

pdrf;vef;pdkjynf aeaom opfawmBuD;rsm; wnf&SdaeaomaMumifh

&moDOwkrQwí rdk;av0ovnf; rSefuefvmygvdrfhr,f/

vlOD;a&rsm;jcif;? tpmtm[m&udpö vdktyfcsuf wdk;yGm;

jcif;aMumifh opfyifopfawmrsm;udk ckwfvSJypfaeMu&m &moDOwk

azmufjyefvmygw,f? opfyifrsm;udk zsufqD; ckwfvSJypfaejcif;rSm

uREfkyfwdkY tm;vHk; udk,fh'ku© udk,f&Smovdk xdcdkuf epfemap

ygw,f? opfawmBuD;rsm; uG,fyí oJuEÅm& jzpfvmrSmudk


pdk;&drf&w,f? opfyifqdkwm aus;Zl;&Sifygvm;[k cH,lí apmifh

a&Smufoifhygw,f/

,cktcg urÇmhvlOD;a&onf aMumufcref;vdvd wdk;yGm;

ae&m aezdkYae&m pm;zdkYtpm usyfwnf; vmMuw,f/ opfawm

rsm;xJwGifyif tdk;tdrfNrdKU&Gm wnfaeMuygw,f? obm0

ywf0ef;usif jyKef;wD;rI trsdK;rsdK;? npfnrf;rI trsdK;rsdK;vnf;

wdk;yGm;aeawmhw,f? tu,fí wwfodem;vnfol tawmf

rsm;rsm;u a&mifh&JrI NcdK;NcHrI avhusifhaeMuvQif jzpfap?

awmxJrSm w&m;usifhaeMuvQif jzpfap? urÇmh vlOD;a&

aygufuGJrIudk xdef;csKyfEdkifygw,f? urÇmt&yf&yfü opfawmrsm;

jyefvnfxGef;um;a&;udk vkyfudkifvQif opfawm&Sdaom

urÇmBuD;[k qufvufwnf&SdNyD; vlOD;a&vnf; tcsdK;usus

rQrQww &Sdayvdrfhr,f/

oifwdkYu opfyifckwfvSJypfaejcif;jzifh uREkfyfwdkYuJhodkY

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4/ pwkw¬odu©myk'fum; rkom;ajymjcif;

(4) rkom0g'g a0&rPdodu©my'H rom'd,mrd/


"Abstinence from telling lies"

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ynmtodt& cH,laqmufwnf &w,f/ rkom0g't& vdrfvnf

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owdxm;í a&SmifMuOf&r,f/ twif;tzsif; ajymqdkrIudk txl;

a&SmifMuOfoifhw,f/

tb,faMumifhqdkaomf 'Gg&ajcmufyg;rSm tm½Hkajcmufyg;

aMumifh avmb? a'go? arm[rD;rsm; avmifuRrf;ae&m twif;

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jzpfw,f/

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(5) ok&mar&, yZÆyrm'|mem a0&rPdodu©my'H

orm'd,mrd

"Abstinence from any state of indolence arising from

(the use of) intoxicants."

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w&m;t& a&SmifMuOf&r,f/

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½l;awmhrSmyJ/

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yGifhvif;w,f/

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qdkwm vHk;0 r&Sdawmhyg/

,ck acwfopftcsdeftcgodkY qdkufa&mufaomtcg

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qufoG,frIjzifhom oifhjrwfEdkifygw,f/

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rSwpfqifh tar&duefEdkifiHodkY oGm;a&mufí Ak'ä'oemudk


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Mum;pcef;jzpfaom &efukef? yDeef? uGmvmvrfyl? puFmyl

paomNrdKUBuD;rsm;rSm w&m;a[majymí todÓPf zGifhay;cJhw,f/

wpfae&mwGif oHk;&ufav;&ufaeNyD; w&m;a[mcJhw,f/

ta&;BuD;qHk;u arwåm0g'yg

uREfkyf tar&duefEdkifiHodkY oGm;a&mufomoemjyKjcif;rSm

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jzwf&efudpöudk pwif cH,lem;vnf&ef ta&;BuD;vSygw,f/

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ay;oifhygw,f/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf arwåmu½kPm

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vluJhodkYyif n§mwm oifhvSygw,f/ vludkom arwåmxm;NyD;


wd&pämefudk arwåmrxm;vQif tvGefrSm;,Gif;aom todESifh

usifhpOf jzpfoGm;NyD/

arwåmpdwfapwem todtjrifESifh tusifhjrwf[lonf vlESifh

wd&pämef? rdwfaqGESifh &efol[lí rcGJjcm;yg/ tm;vHk;udk

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&Sdaew,f}} [k rdefYMum; awmfrlygw,f/

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vifa,musfm;u ZeD;om;orD; tusdK;twGufom cspfcifpGm

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tjriftodrSm owå0gwdkif; aqGrsdK;awmfpyfaMumif;? rnfonfh

owå0grqdk vljzpfap? wd&pämefjzpfap? rdb? OD;BuD;? OD;av;?

om;orD;? nDtpfudk? tpfr rawmfpyfcJhzl;ol r&SdaMumif;

odjrifcH,lxm;í tm;vHk;udk arwåmpdwfESifh qufqHMu&ygw,f/

jrwfpGmbk&m;uvnf; aqGrsdK;rawmfzl;ol[lí r&SdaMumif;

a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

"It is difficult to find a single creature who has not been

our mother, father, daughter, son, etc; in the past"

r[m0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmfwGif jrwfpGmbk&m;u atmufyg

twdkif; a[mMum;awmfrlygw,f/ t&d,m\ wynfhom0u?

t&d,mjzpfol\pum; emMum;&? qifjcif&olonf þuJhodkY

cH,lpOf;pm;í todynm"mwf &Sdaeygw,f/ igtowf rcHcsif


ovdkyif olrsm;vnf; towfcHcsifMur,f r[kwfygbl;/ ig

n§Of;qJ'ku© ab;tEÅ&m,f toG,foG,frS vGwfajrmufcsifovdk?

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vGwfajrmufcsifMuw,f? ighOpömypönf;udk tcdk;rcHcsifovdk

tjcm;yk*¾dKvfrsm;vnf; olwdkY&JU Opömypönf;udk tcdk;cHcsifMur,f

r[kwfbl;/ ighudk Murf;wrf;aom pum;? vdrfnmaom

pum;rsm;udk ajymvQif igrESpfoufovdk olrsm;vnf;

Murf;wrf;aompum;? vdrfnmaompum;udk rESpfoufMubl;/

þuJhodkY udk,fcsif;pm n§mMuí owfrI? cdk;rI? umrrSm;,Gif;rI?

vdrfrI? t&ufaomufrIudk a&SmifMuOfaeMuw,f/ w&m;rSef

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uREfkyfonf a&mufav&m EdkifiHNrdKU½GmtoD;oD;wGif

ig;yg;oDvudk t"duxm; *½kjyK a[mMum;NrJ jzpfw,f/ oif

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jrifhrm;w,f/ ynmwwf aygrsm;w,f/ ig;yg;oDvusifh0wfu


edrfhusaew,f/ wdkYudk oli,fwef;rSm ae&wJhuav;i,fawGvdk

xifrSwfaeovm;}} vdkY xifcsifvnf; xifrdr,f/ odkYaomfvnf;

ig;yg;oDv[laom t&d,mwdkY toufESifhvJí cspfjrwfEdk;

apmifha½Smufaom oDvrSm oli,fwef;rSmoifwJh ynmrsKd;

r[kwfbl;/ ig;yg;oDv xdef;ausmif;aerSom orm"dESifh

ynmÓPf &&SdNyD; tajccHy"meusaom tqifhjrifh oDvBuD;

jzpfygw,f/ todvnf; tqifhjrifhaeygw,f/

rSefygw,f? oli,fwef; ratmifvQif q,fwef;

ratmifEdkifovdk ig;yg;oDvrvHkvQif orm"d ynm r&Edkifygbl;/

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oli,fwef; tqifhrQom ½SdaeMuygw,f/ ig;weftxdyif

rwufa&mufEdkifMuao;ygbl;? bJGU&zdkYum; ta0;BuD;yg/

ig;yg;oDvw&m;udk tajccHNyD; edAÁmefudk odjrifem;vnfrS

t&d,mbJGUudk &½Sdw,f/ 'ghaMumifh oifwdkYvnf;

ig;yg;oDvw&m;ESifh auseyfoifhMuygw,f/


Ak'¨odjrifawmfrlwJh tedpöynm

ynmodu©mt& Ak'¨omoem\ ynmpcef;udk ajymjy&r,f

qdk&if bk&m;&Sif yGifhawmfrlrSom t&m&monf puúefUwdkif;

jyKjyifajymif;vJ ukefqHk;jcif;? puúefUwdkif; topfjzpfay:aejcif;

[laom tedpöynm w&m;udk pwifMum;em&ygw,f/ *&d tawG;

tac: ynm½Sif 'óe q&mBuD;rsm;uvnf; t&m&m a½GUvsm;

ajymif;vJ aeMuonf[k oifjycJhMuw,f/ ,ck odyÜHynmuvnf;

t&m&monf tPkjrL tDvufx½Gef? EsLx&GefygwDu,fjzpfí

ajymif;vJaeonfvdkYyJ oifjyMuygw,f/

jrwfpGmbk&m;uvnf; ]]oaAÁ ocFg&m tedpöm}} [lí

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cE¨mudk,frSm twå? yk*¾v? ZD0? 0dnmOfaumif [lí tvsOf;r½SdbJ

tPkjrL"mwf oabm? tDvufx½Gef "mwfoabm? y½dkwGef


"mwfoabm? ygwdu,f "mwfoabmom ½SdMuygw,f/ ,ck

jzpfí ,ck ysufaewm odrS 0dyóemynmudk &Edkifygw,f/

Ak'¨a'oemw&m; Mum;em usifhoHk;&rIaMumifh ynm&yHkrSm

]b0[lonf tNrJjzpfay:vmrI tpOfomjzpfí wu,fjzpfaerI

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&[EÅmonf w&m;"r®udk tNrJodaeí w&m;tNrJ½SdNyD; trSef

wu,f jzpf½Sdaeygw,f/

ykxkZOfwdkYum; ½kyfemrfjzpfysuf tedpöw&m;udk r½IrSwf

aomtcg wPSm? rme? 'd|dpdwft&yif b0jzpfpOfom ay:ayguf

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opömBuD;udk &½SdNyD; tNidrf;"mwfBuD; tjzpfom wnf½SdEdkifygw,f/


b0eda&ma"m edAÁmeft& b0csKyfNidrf;rIyifvQif edAÁmefw&m;

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todÓPf r½SdMuaom acwfwGifvnf; bk&m;ryGifhyg/


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acwf\awmif;qdkcsuft& yGifhay:&aomAk'¨yg

vGefcJhaomESpf 2500 u rZÑdra'owGif a*gwr jrwfpGm

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urÇmrSm todynmawG a0qmaewJh acwfBuD;aygh/

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t&pöwdkw,f? 'óeESifh ocFsmq&mBuD; ydkufom*dk;&yf? 'óe

q&mBuD; a[&muvdwyf ponfh trSefopöm ½SmolwdkY

aygrsm;aeMuw,f/


w½kwfjynfwGif uGefjzL;pD;&yf (Confucius) yk*d¾Kvfausmf?

avmufZl; (Lau Tsu) [laom wmtdk bmomw&m; pwif

wDxGifol yk*d¾Kvfausmfrsm; ay:xGef;í bmomtopfrsm; pwif

wnfaxmif aeMuaom acwfjzpfw,f/

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aumif;pGm vdkufemEdkifaom acwfBuD; jzpfvmí jrwfpGmbk&m;

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vdkcsifaeMuaom acwfvnf; jzpfygw,f/ bmomtrsKd;rsKd;

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rl&w,f/ opömav;yg; trSefw&m;odEdkifaom acwfjzpfvdkYyg/


tDwvDESifh £E´d,

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tDwvD} [laom tcsufudk ½Sif;jyvdkygw,f/ tDwvD[laom

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ajrmufbuf tDwvDrSm tJvfawmifwef;½Sdovdk £Ed́,

ajrmufydkif;rSm [dr0EÅmawmifwef; ½Sdaew,f/


orD;rsm;EdkYudk jyefpdkYrnfh rmom;£E´d,

£Ed́,EdkifiH vGwfvyfa&;&aomtcg EdkifiHawmftvHonf

"r®pMumyHkazmfaom tvHawmfjzpfí 0rf;omMunfEl;&ygw,f/

taomurif;\ ausmufpmxdyf½Sd oauFwudk,lí tvHawmf

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omoem xGef;vif;cJh&m rl&if;w&m;onf rl&if;a'orSm

jyefvnfxGef;um; vmayawmhr,f/ £E´d,onf [dE´Lbmom?

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uvJhpm; racscsifygESifh

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Retaliation leads to war; forgiveness leads to peace.


3/ owå0gtcsif;csif; rn§if;qJa&; w&m;awmf

(oufowfvGwf0g')

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vSsmtvkdrvkdufoifh

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- owfw,fvJ rMum;rdbl;/


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r[kwfvm;/

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owå0gwdkif; ao&rSm aMumuf&GHUMuonf/ rdrdESifhEdIif;qí

owå0gudkrn§Of;qJ&? rowfjzwf&} vdkY a[mMum;xm;w,f/

All tremble at punishment, all fear death.

Putting yourselves in their place, kill not nor cause

slaughter.

tom;owf a&mif;csaeoludkvnf; rcsD;rGrf;&/ rwdkufwGef;

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pm;oHk;vQif oif0rf;omEdkifyghrvm;/ 'gaMumifh tom;rpm;

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wd&pämefocØsKif;BuD;

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bk&m;ocifay;aomom;ig;rsm;

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vmw,f/ 'gaMumifh oefrm usef;rm ol[m tom;rpm;vkdYyJ

qdkwm xif&Sm;w,f/

"Strong bones are made by eating grass, vegetable."

a,m*D c&pöem*sD;[m oufowfvGwfpm;&if pdwfxm;

odrfarGYovm;qkdwm vufawGY prf;oyf Munfhw,f/ olu


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jyefpm;w,f/

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aygrsm;w,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;vJ yGifhxGef;a&m? £Ed́,rSm tom;

rpm;Muawmhbl;/ 'gaMumifh wkdYAk'¨bmomawGvJ bmaMumifh

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ao'PfpD&ifcsuf zsufodrf;oifhNyD

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bl;/ arm[ t0dZÆmuom vlowform;tppfyJ/ arm[ t0dZÆmudk


om owfypf&r,f/ b,fvdkenf;vrf;vJqdk&if vlowform;

&mZ0wfaumifudk todÓPfay;Mu? w&m; a[mMu&if oHa0*

jzpfvmMurSmyJ/ 'D&mZ0wfaumifudk BudK;rdefUeJU owfypfawmh

olvJ a'goaZmeJY ao&vdkY i&Jqufus&jyefw,f/ vlowform;

&mZ0wfaumifqdkwm t0dZÆm arm[pdwft& emrfa&m*g

pdwfa&m*g &aeolyJ/ olY&JU pdwfa&m*gudk uko&rSmyJ/ olYudk

arwåmeJU jyKjyifa&;ausmif;rSm jyKjyif&r,f/

jyKjyifa&;ausmif;rSm ESpf&Snf&Snfxm;NyD;? w&m;a[m ynm

ay;Mu&if olvJ pOf;pm;rdr,f/ oHa0* &r,f/ olYudk arwåmeJU

jyKjyifae&if olvJ vlaumif; jzpfvmrSmaygh/

uvJhpm; racscsifygESifh

jrwfpGmbk&m;[m uREfkyfwdkYtwGuf tm;udk;&m oufao

om"u taxmuftxm;ygyJ/ ]olYtouf rowf&} vdkY

a[mawmfrl&mrSm >cif;csuf rxm;ygbl;/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u tjypf

&Sdol usL;vGefwwfoludkvJ cGifhvTwfw,f/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh


vl[m rSm;wwfw,f/ cGifhvTwfwmu jrifhjrwfw,fqdkwJh oabm

aMumifhyJ/ cGifhvTwfol[m bk&m;eJUwlaew,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u

uvJhpm;acszdkU ra[mMum;bl;/ cGifhvTwfzdkU a[mMum;w,f/

a&S;acwfu&SdcJhwJh ]]rsufpdudkzsufoludk olYrsufpdudkvJ azmufypf

&r,f/ oGm;udk vmcsdK;oludkvJ olYoGm;udk csdK;ypf&r,f}} qdkwJh

uvJhpm;acs 0g'[m r,Ofaus;wJh vlawG&JU 0g'jzpfvdkY ½dkif;pdkif;

aom vlrsdK;&JU t,ltqomjzpfw,f/

"To err is human, to forgive Divine!

Eye for an eye, Tooth for a tooth, life for a life,

is the Law of uncivilized barbarian."

vlowform; &mZ0wfaumifudk rowfyJ ESpf&Snf&SnfeJY

w&m;a[mjy&if olvJ olawmfpif wpfa,muf jzpfEdkifw,f/

olowfvdkY olYudk jyefowfp&m rvdkbl;/ Oyrmjy&&if um,Elem

a&m*g pGJuyfaeolawGudk owfrypfMuyJ aq;ukoaeMuw,f

r[kwfvm;/ 'DvdkyJ pdwfElema&m*g? emrfElem a&m*g pGJuyfaeol


awGudkvJ ukoay;zdkY vdkw,f/ vlowform;awGudk a0;vHwJh

uRef;wpfuRef;rSm MumMumydkYxm;NyD;? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;

tvkyfudk vkyfcdkif;? ynmoifay;? jyKjyifa&;vkyfay;&if olwdkY

wpfawG jyKjyifMur,f/ ao'Pfu arwåm0g'udk wdkufzsuf

aew,f/ arwåm0g'r½Sd&if Nidrf;csrf;rIvJ r&Sdawmhbl;/ 'gaMumifh

EdkifiHcsif; ppfawGjzpfaewmaygh/

"Retaliation leads to war, forgiveness leads to peace".

uvJhpm;acswm? tmCmwxm;wm? twHkYtjyefvkyfwmu

ppfudk jzpfEdkifw,f/ 'gaMumifh ao'Pfudk Oya'pmtkyfxJu

y,fzsufoifhw,f/ urÇmBuD; Nidrf;csrf;atmif vkyfaqmifwJh

aqmif&Gufcsuf jzpfr,f/ c&pf,mefEdkifiHawGrSmawmif ao'Pf

Oya'udk y,fzsufay;aeMuw,f/ ao'PfOya' r&Sdayr,fh

vlrItzGJUtpnf; rysufokOf;ygbl;/ 'gaMumifh Ak'¨bmom

EdkifiHawGuvJ ao'PfOya'udk ½kyfodrf;ay;oifhw,f/


atmufyg c&pf,mefEdkifiHawGrSm ao'PfOya'udk ½kyfodrf;

ypfMuw,f/ MopBwD;,m;? udkvefbD,mEdkifiH? vwfAD;,m;EdkifiH?

vlZifbwfEdkifiH? yem;rm;EdkifiH? ay:wl*DEdkifiH? a[mfvefEdkifiH?

½lar;eD;,m;? qGD'if? tm*sifwD;em;? b&mZD;? udkpwmeDum?

tDauG'dk;? [Gef'l;&yf? aemfa0? yD½l;? O½ka*G;EdkifiHeJU AifeDZGJvm;

EdkifiHwdkY jzpfMuw,f/ tar&duefjynfaxmifpkrSm rpfcsD*ef

jynfe,f? uifqyfjynfe,f? reDqdkwmjynfe,f? ajrmuf'gudkwm

jynfe,f? awmif'gudkwmjynfe,f? wifepfpDjynfe,f? ½kuRef;

jynfe,f? 0ifuGefpifjynfe,f? rdef;jynfe,fwdkUrSm ao'PfOya'

y,fzsufxm;w,f/ Ak'¨bmomEdkifiHawGuvJ ao'PfOya'udk

½kyfodrf;oifhMuygw,f/

vlawG[m olrsm;udkyJ tjypfwifaeMuw,f/ 'gvJ obm0

ygyJ/ Oyrm BudK;pifrSm BudK;ay; owfoluvJ olYrSm tjypf

r&Sdbl;wJh? axmifrSL;u owfcdkif;vdkYwJh/ axmifrSL;uvJ olYrSm

tjypfr&Sdbl;wJh? puf&Sifw&m;olBuD;u owfcdkif;vdkYwJh/ puf&Sif


w&m;olBuD;uvJ olYrSm tjypf r&Sdbl;wJh? Oya'jyKtrwfrsm;u

owfzdkY Oya'jy|mef;xm;vdkYwJh/ 'gjzifh Oya'jyKtrwfrsm;udk

oGm;ar;jref;Munfh&if olwdkYrSmvJ tjypfr&Sdbl;vdkY ajzMurSmyJ/

olwdkYu jynfolvlxk&JU touf tdk;tdrfudk umuG,f

ay;&rSmaMumifh &mZ0wfom;udk aopm;? aoap Oya'

jy|mef;&ygw,fvdkY ajzaeMuw,f/

olwdkYu 'Dvdktajzay;MuvdkY uREfkyfujyefNyD; ar;cGef;

xkwfw,f/ ]]'gjzifh cifAsm;wdkY vlowfw&m;cHudk uRef;wpfuRef;

rydkYbl;vm;? 'Denf;eJYvJ vlxk&JU toufpnf;pdrfudk umuG,fvdkY

&ygw,f/}} olwdkYu bmrQ jyefrajymMubl;/

puf&Sifw&m;olBuD;u oludk,fwdkif BudK;ay;&r,fqdk&if ol

'Dvdk ao'Pfay;rSm r[kwfbl;? wjcm; vlwpfa,mufu

&mZ0wfom;udk BudK;ay;owfrSm odvdkY ao'PftrdefYcswmyJ/

'gaMumifh at;at;aq;aq;yJ ao'PftrdefYudk csrSwfEdkifw,f/


raorcsif; vnfyif;uGif;pGyfí owfapvdkY a&;rSwfvdkufw,f/

'DtrdefYudk a&;om;NyD; olu aysmfaysmfyJ wif;epfupm;aew,f/

(w&m;em y&dwfowfrsm;tm; udk,fwdkifa&;xm;aom arwåm

u½kPmzGJU uAsmudk ESpfrsufESmcefY &GwfqdkapNyD; w&m;

odrf;onf/)

ckvdkonf;cHNyD; w&mem,lMuwJh tusdK;tm;aMumifh

oifwdkUtm;vHk; t[ðomarwåm u½kPm jA[®pdk&fw&m;ESifh

jynfhpHkMuygap/ t[ðomarwåm u½kPm&Sif Ak'¨uJhodkY tjrwfqHk;

edAÁmefcsrf;omudk vsifjrefpGm &&SdcHpm;EdkifMuygap/


4/ Ak'¨bmom - odyÜHenf;us obm0bmom

w&m;awmf

'DaeYa[m&rSmu av;eufwJh taMumif;jcif;&m jzpfw,f/

w&m;ra[mrD ]earm wó} oHk;acguf ½Gwf&w,f/ bk&m;

&Sdcdk;NyD;rS w&m;a[m&r,f/

Ak'¨bmom&JU zdkcaemuf a'gufBuD;av;cku opömav;yg;

w&m;awmfBuD;yJ/ bk&m; tppftrSefwdkif; opömav;yg;udk pwif

a[mMum;NrJ "r®wm&Sdw,f/ a[molvJ rsm;aeygNyD/

'DaeYawmh eufeJwJh wjcm;taMumif;udk a[mygr,f? ygVd

yd#uwfawmfrSm -

]]tMuifolonf y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;udk em;vnfodjrif\/

xdkolonf a'oemawmfudk odjrif em;vnf\/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk

rodvQif w&m;udkvnf; rod}} [lí yg&Sdygw,f/


Ak'¨0g'[m odyÜHESifhnDnGwfaeyguvm;

y#dpöorkyÜg'f t*Fgq,fhESpfyg;t& ]t0dZÆmypö,m ocFg&m?

ocFg&ypö,m 0dnmPH} ponfjzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;

a[mMum;ygw,f/ 'Dt*Fgq,fhESpfyg;udkyJ acwfopfodyÜHenf;

½IaxmifhtjrifeJU a[mjyygr,f/ "mwkaA'ynm? ½lyaA'

ynmawGu ESpfaygif; 2500 ausmfu a[mcJhwJh jrwfpGm

bk&m;&Sif&JU w&m;awmfudk axmufcHaeygw,f/

owå0gvdkYac:MuwJh ocFg&awG[m t0dZÆmaMumifh jzpfay:

vmw,f/ t0dZÆmrlv ½Sdaew,f/ 'gaMumifh urÇmavmuBuD;udk

"mwfcGJMunfh&atmif/

urÇmavmuBuD;qdkwm rdkvDusL;uvmyfawG? tPkjrL

"mwfawGyJ &SdMuw,f/ rdkvDusL;xJrSm tPkjrLuvmyfawG ygae

w,f/ tPkjrLawGxJrSm tDvufx&GefeJU y½dkwGef"mwf uvmyf

awG ygaew,f/ tDvufx&GefeJU y½dkwGef[m zdkr"mwf ESpfckyJ/

tiftm;a&GUvsm;rI oabm"mwfyJ/ tiftm; qdkwm a&GUvsm;rIu


ay:aygufvmw,f/ a&GUvsm;rIqdkwmvJ qGJiifrIESifh wGef;z,frI

ESpfckaMumifh jzpfay:aew,f/ oabm"mwfawG vma&mufvdkuf

xGufcGmvdkufyJ½Sdw,f/ qGJiifrI wGef;z,frI jzpfay: vm&wmvJ

uyfNidrIqE´ qGJaqmifrI "mwfoabmaMumifhom jzpfay:aew,f/

&[EÅmrSm &m*qE´r&SdvdkU qGJiifrI wGef;z,frI"mwf

(udavom"mwf) r&Sdawmhbl;/ bmtm½HkudkrQ rNiduyfbl;/ rwGef;

z,fbl;/ wnfNidrfat;csrf;wJh Oayu©meJY aew,f/ qE´&m*u

b,fvdk ay:vm ovJqdk&if w&m;opöm trSefrodrI t0dZÆm

arm[u ay:aygufvmw,f/ t0dZÆmarm[qdkwm todÓPf

ynmuif;rJhrI? opömw&m; rodrIyJ/ ynmtarm[ qdkwmuawmh

opömav;yg;odrI 0dZÆmac:w,f? vu©Pma&;oHk;yg; odrIjzpfvdkU

wu,f&SdwJhw&m;yJ/ 'Dynmr&Sd&if arm[yJ/ t0dZÆmyJ/ vdktyfrI

r&SdrIBuD;yJ/ ½lyaA'ynm? "mwkaA'ynmrSmvJ 'Doabmw&m;

yg&SdaevdkU Ak'¨a'oem[m odyÜHynmeJU nDnGwfw,f/ rodrI[m

r&SdrIyJ/


jrwfpGmbk&m;u rodrI t0dZÆmaMumifh ocFg&awG qufvuf

vkyfudkifMuNyD; 0dnmPpdwfawG qufqufNyD;? 'ku© a'greó

Oyg,motxd qufa[mawmfrlw,f/ urÇmBuD; avmuBuD;[m

opömw&m; oufoufygyJ/ odyÜHynmrSmvnf; rodrI t0dZÆm

taMumif;u pwifw,f/ t0dZÆmaMumifh wPSm avmbawG

jzpfaew,f/ wPSmavmbaMumifh cspfjcif;? rkef;jcif; (qGJiifrI?

wGef;z,frI) wpfckck tjyeftvSef jzpfay:aew,f/ qGJiifrI?

wGef;z,frIaMumifh vIyf&Sm;rI (ocFg&ac:uHrsm;) qufvuf

jzpfay:vmjyefw,f/ odyÜHynmeJYvJ qGJiiftm;? wGef;z,f

tm;aMumifh vIyf&Sm;rIac: vQyfppf"mwftm;awG jzpfay:

aew,fvdkU oifjyw,f/ vQyfppf"mwftm; qdkwmvJ

tDvufx&Gef"mwfeJU y½dkwGef"mwf (zdkr"mwfESpfck) udk qdkvdk

ygw,f/ 'DESpfckt& tPkjrL"mwfawG jzpfay:aeMuNyefw,f/

tPkjrLaMumifh rdkvDusL;awG jzpfMuNyD;? rdkvDusL;awGaMumifh

urÇmavmuBuD; jzpfaew,f/


'gaMumifh rlvax&0g' Ak'¨bmom[m acwfopf

odyÜHynmeJU nDnGwfaewm odyftHhMozdkU aumif;ygw,f/

jrwfpGmbk&m;omvQif twå? yk*¾v? ZD0? 0dnmOfaumif

r&Sdbl;/ tewåw&m;yJvdkU a[mMum;awmfrlw,f/ ]]oaAÁ"r®m

tewåm - cyfodrf;aom w&m;wdkUonf twår½Sd? twå

r[kwfukef}} vdkU a[mawmfrlw,f/ NrJaewJh ZD0? yk*¾v? twå?

0dnmOfaumif r½Sdbl;/ vlqdkwJhyk*¾dKvfrSm wpfcPcsif; ajymif;vJ

aewJh y&rw¬w&m; oabmyJ&SdNyD;? wpfpuúefYcsif; ajymif;vJ

aew,f/

All mental states are impersonal. There is no immortal

unchangeable self. There is only an ever changing

consciousness in man, never the same for two consecutive

moments.

vlqdkwJh ½kyfemrfcE¨m[m tNrJrD;avmifaewJh rD;vHk;BuD;ygyJ/

cE¨mig;yg;[m tNrJ rD;avmif aew,f/ vlvdkYac:wJh yk*¾dKvfrSm -


(1) ½ly - ½kyfudef;pk? (2) a0'em - cHpm;rItpk? (3) onm -

rSwfom;rItpk? (4) ocFg& - jyKvkyfrItpk? (5) 0dnmP -

odrItpk qdkNyD; cE¨ig;yg;om½Sdw,f/ tNrJ ajymif;vJ azmufjyef

aew,f/ a&tvsOfvdk rD;tvQHvdkom &Sdw,f/ 'Dvdkpdwf[m

cPcsif; a&GUvsm; aew,fqdkwmudk tar&duef pdwfynm

q&mawGu oabmwl axmufcHw,f/ vlqdkwm tNrJ ajymif;vJ

aewJh pdwfawGyJvdkY olwdkY ajymjyaeMuw,f/ vlYcE¨mxJrSm

rajymif;vJ ra&GUvsm;wm r½Sdbl;/

odyÜHynmu vrf;cif;ay;aeNyD

'gaMumifh tar&duefudk oGm;omoemjyK&if Ak'¨omoem

w&m; (tewåw&m;) a[mjyzdkY rcufawmhbl;/ olwdkYqDu

pdwfynmq&mawGuvJ 'gudkyJ oifjyaeMuw,f/ odyÜHq&mawG

uvJ vlqdkwm tPkjrLtpkta0;vdkY ajymaeMuNyD? cE¨mig;yg;[m

tNrJa&GUvsm;ajymif;vJaewJh a&tvsOfBuD;yJ/ 'gudk oifjyvdkuf&if

odyÜHq&mawG? pdwfynmq&mawG tukefvufcHMurSmyJ/ olwdkY


em;vnf vG,faeMu ygNyD/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u vGefcJhwJh ESpfaygif;

2500 ausmfu odjrifNyD; a[mMum;cJhw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;

odjrifyHku b0rsm;pGm yg&rDjznfhNyD; aemufqHk;b0rSm r*¾if&Spfyg;

tm;xkwfNyD; aAm"dÓPf? r*fÓPf wpfcsufeJY tukefodjrif

em;vnfoGm;wm? xdk;xGif;odwJh t&d,mopömw&m;qdkwm

'gygyJ/

,aeY urÇmrSm bmomBuD;av;ck &Sdovdk bmomi,fawGvJ

trsm;BuD; &SdMuw,f/ olwdkYtm;vHk; Ak'¨bmomuvGJ&if

twå0g'csnf;yJ? qdk;vf (soul) qdkwJh raoraysmuf tNrJ

wnfaewJh 0dnmOfaumif (xm0&twå? ZD0twå) udk ,HkMunf

vufcHaeMuw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU w&m;awmfrSm bmqdk;vfrSr&Sd?

xm0&twå r½Sd? ZD0twå r&SdvdkY &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; awGYjrif

Mu&w,f/ vlYcE¨mxJrSm 0dnmOfaumif qdkwm r&Sdbl;/

aooGm;awmhvJ vdyfjymaumifqdkwm r&Sdbl;/ taMumif;tusdK;

"mwfw&m;? tedpö w&m;om &Sdw,f/ tm;vHk;[m tedpöw&m;&JU


vufatmufrSm aeMu&w,f/ tm;vHk; jyKjyifajymif;vJ a&GUvsm;

aeMuw,f/

'gaMumifh Ak'¨bmom[m ,aeYodyÜHbmom&yfawGeJU nDnGwf

wJh wpfckwnf;aom bmomygyJ/ 'g[m odyfxl;jcm;wJh tcsuf

ygyJ/ vl[m ½kyfemrf"mwfyJ/ tNrJajymif;vJaevdkY wpfpuúefY

rSmawmif r&yfrem;bl;/ wpfpuúefYrSm wlnDwJh pdwfESpfrsdK;

r&Sdbl;/

'gaMumifh Ak'¨a'oem omoemjyK yk*¾dKvfrsm; urÇm

t&yf&yfrSm omoemjzefYcsdzdkY odyÜHynmu vrf;cif;ay;xm;NyD?

odyÜHynmu omoemjyefYzdkY wHcg;zGifhxm;NyD/ uREfkyf tar&duef

a&mufvQif tedpöw&m; a[mjyzdkY odyfvG,fuloGm;NyD? tar&duef

pdwfynmq&mawGudk -

]]rif;wdkY odem;vnfwJh pdwftaMumif;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;u

2500 ausmfumvu awGYcJhNyD;NyD/ rif;wdkYu twå? ZD0udk

r,HkMunfovdk? jrwfpGmbk&m;uvJ twå? ZD0qdkwm wu,f


r&Sdbl;vdkU ajymjycJhNyD/ rif;wdkU odyÜHenf;us bmomw&m;rsdK;udk

vufcH,HkMunfcsifw,fqdk&if Ak'¨bmomudk ,lvdkufMuayawmh/

urÇmrSm odyÜHenf;us? odyÜHynmeJY udkufnDwJh bmom[m

Ak'¨bmomyJ &Sdw,f/ odyÜHpdwf"mwf&SdoltwGuf trSefwu,f

odyÜHenf;uswJh bmomygyJ/}}

"It you want something, scientific, become Buddhist,

because Buddhism is the Scientific Religion for scientific

minds."

edAÁmefqdkwm bmvJ

edAÁmefqdkwm bmygvJ? Ak'¨a'oemrSm edAÁmefw&m;? edAÁmef

yef;wdkif[m ta&;tBuD;qHk;yJ/ edAÁmefudk vltawmfrsm;rsm;u

½Iyf½IyfaxG;axG; pOf;pm;NyD; tjrif rMunfvifMubl;/ wu,f

ppfrSefwJh w&m;udk olwdkYrodMubl;/ edAÁmefw&m;udk 'DaeY

enf;enf; ajymjyr,f/


]urÇmtp arm[u} vdkU 'DaeY w&m;yGJtprSm uREfkyf

ajymcJhNyD/ arm[qdkwm todÓPf uif;rJhaerIygyJ/ ynm0dZÆm

tarm[qdkwmuawmh ynm todtjrif&&SdrI wpfpHkwpf&mygyJ/

'DwpfpHkwpf&m uif;vGwfwmudk arm[vdkY ac:w,f/ okn Avm

oufoufjzpfaew,f/ t0dZÆm arm[rSm todynm vHk;0r&SdvdkY?

wu,f&Sdwmu uif;vGwfvdkY [mvm[if;vif; oknwpfrsdK;

jzpfw,f? 'ghaMumifh urÇmavmuqdkwm wu,fr&Sdygbl;/ bmrQ

tppftrSefr&Sdygbl;/ bmrS r[kwfygbl;/

uREkfyfvufxJrSm bmrS r&Sdbl;/ 'DbmrQ r&SdwJhvufxJu

bmrQr&SdwJh udpöudk acszsuf&if bmvkyf&rvJ/ &Sdatmifvkyfaygh/

&Sd&if r&Sdqdkwm aysmufuif;r,f/ r&Sdudk r&SdeJY zvS,fvdkY r&bl;/

r&Sdu r&Sdudk rz,f&Sm;Edkifbl;/ r&Sdr[kwfwmudk &Sdwm[kwfwmeJY

xnfhoGif;zvS,frSom r&Sdr[kwfwm yaysmufoGm;w,f/

vufxJu &SdwJht&mwpfckck xnfhoGif;vdkuf&if vufxJrSm

r&Sdwm yaysmuf oGm;w,f/ t&SdwpfpHkwpfcku r&Sd (okn) udk


y,fzsufvdkufNyD; r&Sdu t&Sdjzpfvmw,f/ &dSrIudpö[m r&SdrI

yaysmufrIygyJ/

'D OyrmvdkygyJ/ urÇmavmu? rsufjrifavmu[m r&Sdjcif;

oufoufygyJ/ edAÁmefw&m;u &Sdjcif;oufoufygyJ/ 'gaMumifh

twktyvnf;jzpf? wu,fvnf; r&SdwJh twkty urÇmavmu?

rsufjrifavmuudk wu,f tppftrSef&SdwJh edAÁmeft&Sdw&m;ESifh

zvS,f&r,f/ avmuudk tjrifrSm;rI y,fzsufvdkuf&if

wu,f&SdwJh edAÁmefw&m;udk &&Sdw,f/ avmuqdkwm t&dyf

ta&mif wHvSyf? rsufvSnfhjzpfvdkY wu,fr&Sdygbl;/ edAÁmefw&m;?

edAÁme"mwfu wu,f&Sd wu,fNrJaew,f/ avmuqdkwm

tdyfrufygyJ/ wu,fr[kwfrrSefbl;/ edAÁmefw&m;? edAÁme"mwfu

Edk;Mum;rI trSefodrI jzpfvdkY wu,f&Sdw,f/ tppftrSef udpöygyJ/

ppfrSefaom tpm;xdk; zvS,fenf;

avmuqdkwm tarSmifygyJ/ edAÁmefqdkwm tvif;ygyJ/

'gaMumifh avmucE¨m ig;yg;tay: t,lrSm; tjrifrSm;wmudk


pGefYypfEdkif&if avmuudk zsufqD; ausmfvGefoGm;w,f/ twkty

t&dyfta,mif avmuudk zsufqD;vdkufw,f/ r[kwfwmudk

zsufqD;ypfvdkufw,f/ t0dZÆmarm[udk y,fowfvdkufw,f/ 'Dvdk

y,fowfypfjcif;rsdK;udk aumif;rGefrSefuefwJh y,fowfzsufqD;rIvdkY

ac:w,f/ t0dZÆmowfypfrI[m opöm&&SdwJh ÓPfynm? tewå

ynm? aAm"dÓPfygyJ/ twk ta,mifudk y,fzsufvdkufjcif;yif

tppftrSefw&m; qkdufa&mufjcif;ygyJ/

'gaMumifh avmuudk pGefYcGmMuw,f/ &[ef;jyKMuw,f/

wu,fvdkY tm;vHk; &[ef; jyKEdkifr,fqdk&if tvGefBuD;rm;wJh

tusdK;aus;Zl;awG jzpfay:vmr,f/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh

twkta,mif rppfrSefwmawGudk pGefY&vdkY y,fowfvkdYom

edAÁmefw&m; jrifod qdkufa&mufjcif; jzpfvdkYygyJ/ raumif;

rrSefwm pGefY&if aumif;rGef aysmf&Tifp&m&SdwJh tajymif;tvJ

jzpfvmw,f/ tarSmifudk y,fzsuf&if tvif;jzpfay:vmw,f/


tdyfrufpdwful;udk y,fzsuf&if Edk;Mum;NyD; vufawGY tajc

taevdkYac:wJh edAÁmefw&m;udk &Muygw,f/

bmwefzdk;rS r&SdwJh avmuudk pGefY&? y,f&? zsuf&wm[m

0rf;omp&m aumif;w,f/ wu,f wefzdk;&SdwJh wu,fppfrSefwJh

[kwfrSefwJh edAÁmefw&m; &&SdvdkYygyJ/ "r®yDwdjzpfw,f/ aumif;rGef

rSefuefaom zvS,fjcif;? tpm;xdk;jcif; jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh

tm;vHk; &[ef;jzpfapcsifygw,f/ wefzdk; r&SdwJh avmuudk

pGefYypfMu&rSmygyJ/ edAÁmefomvQif taumif;qHk; csrf;om ]edAÁme

y&rH okcH} vdkY jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh

edAÁmefcsrf;om &Muygap&ef qkrGefaumif; awmif;vdkufygw,f/

'DaeY odyHÜenf;us bmomtaMumif; ajym&wmu

'Dy&dowfxJrSm odyHÜq&mtcsdKU yg0ifr,fodvdkY ajym&wm/

odyHÜq&mawG vufcHauseyf&r,fh bmomu Ak'¨bmomyJ

&Sdw,f/ odyHÜynmeJY EIdif;,SOfa[mvdkufawmh odyHÜbmomudk


roifbl;wJh yk*d¾KvftcsdKUuawmh em;vnfr,f rxifbl;/ odyHÜ&JU

obm0uvnf; eufeJygw,f/

wPSm&m*usdefpmoifhaewJh urÇmBuD;

oD[dkVf (oD&dvuFm) rSm uREkfyf aexkdifpOfu

tawGYtBuHKwpfckudk ajymjyr,f/ oD[dkVf &[ef;awmf 0dZ,

ynmu tawmfav;eufwJh Ak'¨pdwfynmtaMumif;udk a[mjy

zl;w,f/ w&m;yGJ NyD;qHk;awmh vma&mufem,lwJh tbGm;

tdkBuD;awGu olwdkYtcsif;csif; b,fvdk ajymMuovJ qdkawmh

]]w&m;u odyfav;eufw,f? a[mwJh bkef;BuD;uvnf; odyfpm

wwfw,f/ wdkYwpfawG wpfvHk;rS em;rvnfwmom Munfawmh}}

vdkYajymNyD; &,faeMuw,f/

'DaeYvnf; 'Dvdkrjzpfapcsifygbl;/ &[ef;vdkvnf;

odyfeufeufBuD; ra[mcsifygbl;/ OD;avmuemxw&m;

odyfav;eufNyD; bkef;BuD;uvnf; pmwwfvdkY wdkYem;rvnfbl;vdkY

rjzpfap csifbl;/ jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fwdkifu tvGefav;eufwJh


opömav;yg;w&m;udk omrefvlawG em;vnf atmif em;vnfwJh

a0g[m& pum;vHk;eJY vG,fvG,fuav; a[mjyygw,f/

jrwfpGmbk&m;u vltrsm;BuD;udk w&m;odap? w&m;usifh

apcsifwmyg/ ynmwwfvlwef;pm; tenf;i,ftwGuf bk&m;yGifh

xGef;wm r[kwfygbl;/

"The Buddha preached for the many and not for the wise

few."

'gaMumifh uREkfyf[m u½kPmpdwfyGm;NyD;rS w&m;a[m

ygw,f/ vlwdkif; w&m;em;vnfatmif owdxm;NyD;

a[mygw,f/ odyHÜq&mawGtzdkY odyHÜtaMumif;vnf; a[majym

&ygw,f/

uJ vlxktwGuf qufa[mjyygr,f/ wPSm&m*avmb

csKyfNidrf;atmif y,fowfjcif;[m ta&;BuD;w,f/ bmaMumifhvJ

qdkawmh ,aeYurÇmrSm tm½Hkig;yg;aemuf odyfNyD; vdkufyg


aeMuw,f/ ,ckacwfu wPSmavmbpdwfaMumifh usdefpm

oifhaewJh urÇmBuD; jzpfaejyD/ avmbudk b,fvdk owfMurvJ/

wPSmavmb &m*enf;yg;zdkYu pwif&rSmyJ/ avmb

enf;yg;vmzdkYuvnf; tpmt[m& avQmhpm;&r,f/ tpmudk

NcdK;NcHMu&r,f/ ttdyfenf;yg;ap&r,f/ tdyfwmudk NcdK;NcH

Mu&r,f/ owfowfvGwf pm;&r,f/ Ak'¨bmom w&m;

pmtkyfawG zwfMu&r,f/ oifhwifhwJh t&yfa'orSm aeMu&r,f/

&[ef;aumif;udk rSD0Jqnf;uyf &r,f/ rdrdudk,fum,&JU tokb

aumifBuD; jzpfyHk½INyD; tokb bm0emudk yGm;Mu&r,f/

raocifvnf; tokb? aovnf; tokbvdkY ½IrSwf&r,f/

aemufNyD; rdrd pdwfaepdwfxm;udk owdxm;½IrSwfwJh

pdwåmEkyóem bm0emudkvnf; yGm;Mu&r,f/ 'Dvrf;pOfomvQif

avmbenf;w,f/ avmbcsKyfNidrf;w,f/

&m*jzpfwmu 'DcE¨m udk,fum,BuD;udk acsmw,f? vSw,f?

ESpfoufpzG,f wifhw,fw,f xifrSwfaevdkYyJ/ wu,fawmh


udk,fum,u pufqkyf&GH&SmzG,ftwd tnpftaMu;jynfhaewJh

tykyf aumifBuD;ygyJ/ Oyrm - 32 aum|moudkyJ Munfhvdkufyg/

&GHp&mcsnf;ygyJ/

cE¨mudk,fBuD;udk "mwfcGJMunfh&if

qHyif? tarG;trSif? vufonf;? oGm;? ta&? tom;?

taMum? t½dk;? tcsOf? ausmufuyf? tonf;? tl? tqkyf? ESyf?

wHawG;? usifBuD;? usifi,f b,frSm ESpfoufp&m &SdvdkYwkef;/

32 aum|mo[m tm;vHk;&GHp&m/ pufqkyfp&m?

atmhESvHk;emp&mcsnf;yJ/ Oyrm - qHyif b,favmufvSvS qHyif

wpfacsmif; xrif;yef;uef? [if;yef;uefxJ usoGm;&if

rBudKufbl;/ &GHrkef;w,f/ qHyif[m acgif;ay:rSm &Sdaewkef;awmh

vSw,f? wifhw,fw,f? usufoa&&Sdw,fvdkY xifrSwf

aeMujyefw,f/ wPSmavmb rsufpdeJY MunfhvdkYom vSw,f?

acsmw,f? usufoa& &Sdw,fvdkY rsufpdu jrifjyD; pdwfu


xifaeMuw,f/ ynmrsufpdudk wdrfovmzHk;vTrf;NyD;

aMumifawmif uef;apwm[m wPSmavmbygyJ/

acgif;ay:u qHyifusawmh vSywifhw,f usufoa&

&Sdw,fxifNyD; 'DqHyifyJ xrif;[if;xJ usjyefawmh pufqkyf&GH&Sm

rkef;wD;aewm bmaMumifhvJ/ "mwkaA'½Iaxmifh t&qdk&if

'DqHyif[m bmrQ xl;jcm;roGm;bl;/ acgif;u qHyifoabmvnf;

[if;xJuswJh qHyifoabmygyJ/ tPkjrLcsnf; ygyJ/ wpfckudk

cspfjrwfEdk;NyD; tjcm;wpfckudk pufqkyf&GH&SmaeMuwmu

bmaMumifhvJ/ odyÜHq&m uawmh tajzrSef odaew,f/

'DaeYa[majymcsufu ]] Scientific Religions odyÜHenf;u

bmom}} jzpfvdkY 'Dy&dowfxJu odyÜHq&mawGu tajzay;Edkif

vdrfhr,f xifygw,f/ uJ... b,folrQ rajzMuvdkY uREkfyfuyJ

ajzyghr,f/ uREkfyf&JUwm0efu a[mjyzdkYygyJ/

y&dowfBuD;u a&yHk;udk,lNyD; rD;zdkrSmwifxm;&if rMumrD

a&[m qlyGufvmrSmyJ/ a&awG qlyGuf yvHkpDxae&if a&udk


azmufxGif; rjrifEdkifbl;/ a&vnf;rMunfvifawmhbl;/ a&udk

wjcm;ae&mrSm xm;jyD; at;atmifNidrfatmif jyKvkyf&if a&vnf;

Munfvifw,f/ a&udkvnf; azmufxGif; odjrifae&w,f/

a&&JUatmufqHk;txd tajctaeudkawmif MunfhvkdY&aeMuw,f/

'DOyrmtwdkif;yJ qHyifudkjrifawmh qHyiftay: &m*pdwf

jzpfae&if qHyif[m qlyGufae&w,f/ pdwfvnf; qlyGufae

&w,f/ qHyif&JUoabm obm0 ]"mwf} udk rjrif&awmhbl;/

rsufpdrSm &m*pl;0if qlyGufaevdkY tjrif rMunfvifMubl;/

tifrwef pufqkyf&GH&SmzG,faumif;wJh qHyifudk vSw,f?

wifhw,fw,f? usufoa&&Sdw,fvdkY jrifod em;vnfaeMuw,f/

'gayr,fh [if;yef;uefxJ 'DqHyif usa&mufoGm;&if

pufqkyfp&myJ? &GHp&myJvdkY odvmjyefw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm

pdwfrSma&m rsufpdrSmyg &m*avmbpdwfu rqlyGufvkdY &GHp&mudk

&GHp& mvdkYyJ odaejyefw,f/ qlyGuf&ifawmh rodMujyefbl;/

uef;aew,f/


pdwfwnfwnfNidrfNidrfeJY ½IMunfh owdxm;wJh tcgrSmawmh

qHyif[m acgif;rSm &Sdaeae? [if;yef;uefxJ usaeae

twlwlygyJ/ pufqkyf&GHp&m obm0yJ &Sdaew,f/ 'Dvdk

wPSm&m*udk cGmxm;&if wjcm; aum|mo tpdwftydkif;

toD;oD;udkvnf; rpGJvef;awmhbl;/ pdwf[m wnfNidrf

at;csrf;vmw,f/ wPSm rme 'd|dpdwf csKyfNidrf;aewmudk

edAÁmefvdkY ac:w,f/

tykyfaumifawGcsnf;yguvm;

'gaMumifh ykyfodk;aewJh vlaoaumif tavmif;[mvnf;

ur®|mef;w&m; tm;xkwfvdkY odyfaumif;aew,f/ udk;ayguf

'Gg&rSm tykyfawG,dkpD;aeNyD; tavmif;BuD; yGa,mif;aevdkY

udk,fum, rSeforQ pufqkyf&GH&SmNyD; umr&m* y,fcGmvdkufw,f/

avmufaumifawG wzGm;zGm; pm;aewJh udk,fum,udk jrifawmh

rdrd&JU udk,fum,vnf; pGJvef;pdwf r&Sdawmhbl;/


]'Davmif;aumifykyfBuD;[m t&ifu olvnf; ighum,vdkyJ

&SdcJhw,f/ tck avmufaumifawG wzGm;zGm; tykyfa&wpdkpdkeJY

jzpfovdk igvnf; olYvkdyJ jzpf&mrSmyJ} vdkY ur®|mef; tm&HkjyKNyD;

½IrSwf yGm;rsm;ae&r,f/ 'Denf;eJY &m*udk y,fowf&r,f/

tck touf&SifaeMuwJh vlyk*d¾KvfawGrSm rykyfryGMubl;

qdkwmu awaZm"mwfrD;u apmifha&Smufxm;vdkYyJ/ tykyfa&

awGudk awaZm"mwfu usdKcsufay;aeawmh csufcsif;ykyfodk;

aewmudk rawGYMu&bl;/ 'gayr,fh touf&Sifonfjzpfap?

taoaumifjzpfoGm;onfjzpfap tykyfaumifcsnf; ygyJ/ rao

vnf;ykyf? aovnf; ykyfaeMuw,f/ udk,fum,tay:

wPSmpdwf &m*pdwf rjzpfoifh Mubl;/ Oyrm - Elema&m*g

pGJuyfaeoludk &GH&Smovdk &GH&Smae&r,f/

&m*csKyfwm edAÁmef? wPSmukefcef;wm edAÁmef/ 'gaMumifh

edAÁmefqdkwmu wPSmuif;&Sif;wJh oabm? udavom

uif;&Sif;wJh oabmyJ jzpfw,f/


avmbrD;? a'gorD;? arm[rD;? rmerD;? 'd|drD; pwJh

udavomrD; q,fhwpfyg; tm;vHk; csKyfNidrf;wm edAÁmefyJ/

rD;q,fhwpfyg;xJrSm wPSm&m*rD;u tjyif;xefqHk;? tyl

avmifqHk;jzpfvdkY tokbbm0emudk aeYpOfyGm;ae&w,f/ &m*

Nidrf;&if edAÁmefudk udk,fawGY em;vnfw,f/

a&S;u &[ef;awmfrsm; tokb½I&vG,f

Ak'¨a'oemrSm ur®|mef; av;q,f (40 Subjects of

Meditation) a[mMum;NyD;? xkdufoifhovdk w&m;tm;xkwf

Mu&w,f/ q,fyg;aom ur®|mef;u tokb ur®|mef;jzpfvdkY

ESpfq,fhig;&mcdkifEIef; yg0ifaew,f/ a&S;acwfu tavmif;udk

'Dtwdkif;yJ ajrokomefrSm pGefYypfxm;cJhMuvdkY tokbyGm;zdkY

odyfvG,fulw,f/ oHa0*&olawG aygrsm;w,f/ okomef

"kwifaqmif &[ef;awGvnf; aygrsm;cJhMuw,f/ ckacwfusawmh

Oya'jy|mef;NyD; tavmif;awGudk ajrjr§Kyf&ifjr§Kyf? rjr§KyfvdkY&Sd&if

rD;½IdUvdkY? wpfcsKdU *loGif;pDrHxm;Muawmh okomefrSm ykyfyGaewJh


tavmif;udk w&m;½IrSwfzdkY rvG,fulawmhbl;/ udk,fum,BuD;

ykyfaewm? ,kdpD;aewm? avmufaumifawG pm;aewm? tom;awG

&dykyfNyD; uGmusaewm pwJh tokbjzpfyHk tqifhq,fyg;udk

pepfwus rawGYrjrifMu &awmhbl;/ 'gaMumifhvnf; tckacwfrSm

tem*grfawG? &[EÅmawG enf;yg;oGm;ovm; rodbl;/

tokbbm0em yGm;wJholawG enf;oGm;wmawmh trSefyJ/

&ifcGJ½Hk? a&cJwdkufxJrSm tokb½IcJh&

aq;ausmif;om;awG[m olwdkYwuúodkvfaq;cef;? cGJpdwf

cef;awGrSm vlawG&JUtavmif;awGudk cGJpdwfavhvmwmudkawmh

cGifhjyKxm;Muw,f/ 'DvdkyJ udavompdwf emrfw&m;udk cGJpdwf

Munfh½IzdkY emrfq&m0efawGtzdkYvnf; tokbtaumifawG

Munfh½IzdkY cGifhjyKxm;oifhygw,f/ bkef;BuD;[m wpfcdsefu

jrefrmEdkifiH tmPmydkifawGxH pmeJYvnf; a&;w,f/

awGYqHkaqG;aEG; ajymMum; awmif;qdk cJhw,f/ bmvdkYvJqdkawmh

okomefawGrSm w&m;½IzdkY okomefausmif; zGifhxm;zdkYygyJ/ tJ'D


okomef ausmif;awGrSm tavmif;aumif? tykyftodk;twdkif;

xm;&SdNyD;? tokb bm0emyGm;&if yGm;vdkolwdkif; twGuf

vG,fulw,f/ tqifajyw,f/ &[ef;[m umr&m*y,fzdkY

odyfta&;BuD;w,f/ tokb ur®|mef;u umr&m*y,fzdkY

txda&mufqHk; vufeufygyJ/ tmPmydkifawGu 'Doabmudk

em;vnfjyD; cGifhjyKr,fvdkY vkyfaewkef; 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;jzpf?

*syefawG jrefrmjynf0ifvmawmh tpDtpOfawG ysufoGm;w,f/

'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; rjzpfrDuyJ bkef;BuD;u tokb

bm0emudk yGm;aecJhw,f/ &efukef aq;½HkBuD;u &ifcGJ½HkrSm

cGJpdwfq&m0efBuD;udk cGifhawmif;xm;NyD; tavmif;awGudk

Munfh½IwJh tokbbm0em tvkyfyGm;rsm; tm;xkwfcJhw,f/

&ifcJ½Hkudk tavmif;a&mufvmwdkif; bkef;BuD;xH &ifcGJ½Hku

q&m0efBuD; taMumif;Mum;vdkY w&m;½IrSwfcJhygw,f/

wpfaeYusawmh &efukefjrpfxJ a&epfaowJh tavmif;BuD;

&ifcGJ½Hka&mufvmvdkY bkef;BuD;oGm;NyD; tokbur®|mef; yGm;w,f/


ykyfyGaewJh tavmif;udk ½IrSwfzdkYqdkwm rvG,fbl;/ a&epfvdkY

odyfykyfyG aewm/ em&D0ufwdwd tJ'D tavmif;BuD; pdkuf½INyD;

tokb ur®|mef;yGm;vdkufwm &m*uif;vmw,f/ rdrdcE¨m

udk,fudkvnf; rcspfcif rpGJvef;awmhbl;/ avmb? a'go?

arm[? rmepdwfawG tawmf enf;yg; uGmusoGm;w,f/

'Dtaumifu odyfNyD; yGa,mif;a,mif;BuD; jzpfaevdkY bkef;BuD;&JY

ESvHk;om;xJ pGJuyfoGm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh aemufxyfwpfem&Dwdwd

tokb½Iaevdkufw,f/

½IrSwfNyD;awmh bkef;BuD; qGrf;pm;csdefa&mufvdkY opfyif

wpfyifatmufoGm;NyD; qGrf;bkOf;ay;w,f/ qGrf;[if;aumif;aomf

vnf; bmrS t&om ray:awmhbl;/ ckeu jrif&wJh

tavmif;BuD;udk pm;ae& ovdk jzpfaew,f/ pdwfeJY

rsufpdtm½HkrSm azsmufvdkY r&awmhbl;? y#dbm*psmef

edrdwftm½Hktjzpf pGJuyfaew,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;uvnf;


owå0gwdkif; tykyfaumif? tokbaumifcsnf;yJvdkY a[mcJhwm ckrS

xifxif&Sm;&Sm; od&awmhw,f/

]wPSmuGmrS? edAÁme? rkcsrSwf&r,f}

odu©myk'fawG rsm;vdkY vlxGufvdkwJh &[ef;

Ak'¨bmom? Ak'ä'oem? Ak'ömoemqdkwm tjcm;

r[kwfygbl;/ udk,f? EIwf? pdwf ,Ofaus; ajzmifhrwfNyD;

opömav;yg;? tedpö? 'ku©? tewå? tokbw&m;udk

odjrifem;vnfzdkYygyJ/ pdwfudk jyKjyif ,Ofaus;apwJh vkyfief;om

&Sdygw,f/ 'g Ak'¨w&m;? Ak'ömoemygyJ/ uREkfyfwdkY

pdwfESvHk;xJrSm wPSm? rme? 'd|dqdkwJh tnpftaMu;awG

uyfNidaeMuw,f/

Ak'ä'oemu pdwf&JUtnpftaMu;udk aq;aMumay;wJh

txufjrufqHk; qyfjym acs;cRwf aq;BuD;ygyJ/ raumif;wJhtBuH?


raumif;wJhtajym? raumif;wJh vkyfaqmifrIawGudk aq;aMum

&r,f/ ukefcef;ap&r,f/

jrwfpGmbk&m;vufxufu &[ef;wpfyg;[m 227 yg;aom

odu©myk'fawGudk odyfrsm;w,f? jynfhpHkatmif rxdef;Ekdifbl;qkdNyD;

pdwfysuftm;avsmhNyD; vlxGufygr,fvdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;xH

oGm;avQmuf xm;w,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u -

]]&[ef;odu©myk'fawGrsm;&if oifwpfckwnf;aom odu©m

yk'fudk apmifhxdef;Ekdifyghrvm;}} vkdYar;w,f/ odu©myk'fwpfckyJ

qkdawmh tJ'D&[ef;u pdwfayghyg;NyD; ]]xdef;Ekdifygw,fbk&m;}} vdkY

0efcHw,f/

]]&[ef; - 'gjzifh&if oifonf oif\pdwfudkom owdeJY½INyD;

xdef;xm;ayawmh}} vkdY enf;vrf; ay;vdkufw,f/ pdwfudkxdef;wJh

tvkyfom vkyfaewJh tJ'D&[ef;vJ rMumrD &[EÅmjzpfoGm;w,f/


'gaMumifh pdwfudk tuJcwf ½IrSwf owdxm;&if

pdwfudkxdef;csKyf&if edAÁmef&awmhwmygyJ? Ak'¨w&m;awmfu

tifrwef&Sif;? tifrwefrS vG,fygw,f/

rdpäm0dwuf y,fzsufa&;enf;vrf;

umr0dwuf? Asmyg'0dwuf? 0d[ðom0dwufqkdwJh

rdpäm0dwufawG pdwfxJrSm 0ifa&mufvm&if y,fowfenf;

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taumif;qHk; vufeufyJ/

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om"k ... om"k ... om"k


puFmyl Ak'ömoemjyKtoif;rS *kPfjyKcsD;usL;vTm

½dkaoav;pm;tyfaom t½Sifoljrwfbk&m;?

puFmyl Ak'ömoemjyKtoif;\ Ouú|ESifh toif;om;rsm;u

t&Sifbk&m;udk BudKqkdEIwfquf *kPfjyKMuygonfbk&m;/ ,aeY

w&m;yGJwGif Ak'ä'oemtaMumif; Mum;em&ygaomaMumifh

0rf;omtm;& *kPf,lMuygonfbk&m;/

,aeY\ xl;jcm;csufudk jyu©'defwkdYrSm razmfjyaomfvnf;

,aeYonf tvGefxl;jrwfaomaeY jzpfygonfbk&m;/ Ak'¨bmom

tajccHtkwfjrpfrsm;udk wynfhawmfwkdY odem;vnfcGifh&í BuD;rm;

aom aeYxl;BuD; jzpfygonfbk&m;/

wynfhawmfwkdY\ omoemjyKtoif;onf 1946 ckepf?

Zefe0g&Dvu tpdk;&cGifhjyKcsuf &&SdygNyDbk&m;/ rESpfu arvrSmvJ

,ckuJhodkY Ak'ömoemjyK yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg; t&SifynmoD[?

t&Sifaomr rax&fESifh t&SifacrdE´wkdYonf w½kwfjynfodkY

omoemjyKoGm;pOf þNrdKUrS BudKqkd *kPfjyKcJhMu&ygonfbk&m;/


t&Sifbk&m;onf odyÜHynm tvGefxGef;um;aeaom

tar&duefEkdifiHodkY Ak'¨omoem jzefYcsd&ef <ua&mufrnfjzpf&m

atmifjrifrI&rnf[k ,HkMunfpdwfcsvsuf &Sdygonfbk&m;/ tb,f

aMumifhqkdaomf jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfwkdifu a'oemawmfudk

EkdifiHrsm;pGmodkY a[mMum; jzefYcsday;&ef tvdkqE´ &Sdawmfrl

aomaMumifhyif jzpfygonfbk&m;/

t&Sifbk&m;\ Oy"d½kyfawmf? w&m;jzifh qGJaqmifrI

tiftm;udk rnfolrQ jiif;y,fí r&ygbk&m;/ t&Sifbk&m;

<ua&mufawmfrl&m ae&mXmewdkif;rSm vltrsm; 0dkif;tHkí &Sdcdk;

ylaZmfMujcif;jzifh odom ygonfbk&m;/ ,ck awGYBuHK&aom

om"ursm;udk axmufxm;Munfh½INyD;? tar&duefEdkifiHwGifvnf;

t&Sifbk&m;udk aumif;rGefpGm BudKqdkvufcHrnf[k ,HkMunf

Muygonfbk&m;/ tar&duefEdkifiHonf xif&Sm;aom yk*¾dKvfrsm;

udk tvGefpdwf0ifpm;NyD; tNrJBudKqdk vufcHavh &Sdygonfbk&m;/


t&Sifbk&m;\ "r®a'oem a[mjycsufrsm;udk puFmylNrdKUrSm

Mum;em&ovdk uGmvmvrfylNrdKU? yDeefNrdKUrSm a[mMum;csufwdkYudk

vnf; pmrlrsm; zwf½IMu&í ½dk;½dk; vG,fvG,f &Sif;&Sif;ESifh

todÓPf yGifhvif;Mu&ygonfbk&m;/ Ak'¨bmomonf odyÜHenf;

us bmomw&m;[k vufcHMuygonfbk&m;/

xdkYaMumifh t&Sifbk&m;\ "r®'lwvkyfief;udk txl;aus;Zl;

wif&SdaMumif;? usef;rmcsrf;ompGmjzifh a&SUc&D;rSm omoemjyKEdkif

ygapaMumif; qkrGefaumif; awmif;tyfygonfbk&m;/ omoemjyK

&mwGif arwÅm? onf;cHrI? ZGJvHkYvjzifh t&Sifbk&m;onf

qufvufNyD; rGefjrwfaom vkyfief;BuD;udk acsmarmpGm vkyfaqmif

EdkifygapaMumif; qkawmif;Muygonfbk&m;/

aus;Zl;wifvsuf

arwÅmjzifh

csDwdkuf acs? OuúX/


OD;avmuemx\ "r®o0PfvTm ESifh jyefMum;csuf

oifwdkY 0rf;omMunfEl;pGm uREkfyfudk BudKqdkMuaomaMumifh

aus;Zl;wif&Sdygonf/ BudKqdkrIudk 0rf;omovdkyif þy&dowfu

"r®a'oemudk em,lvufcHaomaMumifhvnf; 0rf;om&ygonf/

½kyf0w¬Kypönf;rsm;jzifh ylaZmfjcif;onf tmrdo'gejzpfí "r®'ge

w&m;a[mrIu ydkBuD;us,fygonf/ xdkYaMumifh oifwdkYcE¨mrSm

uyfaeaom avmb? a'go? arm[wdkYudk y,fzsufoefYpifMuyg/

'gonf yifvQif csrf;omtBuD;qHk;vnf; jzpfovdk tppftrSef

jzpfaom csrf;omvnf; jzpfygonf/ tjrwfqHk; csrf;omudk

&Muygap/

þodkY "r®'gejyK w&m;a[mjyaeMurSomvQif urÇmudk

avmifNrdKufaom avmbrD;? a'gorD;? arm[rD;wdkYudk Nidrf;owf

Edkifygonf/ urÇmBuD;rSm emrftm[m&? pdwftm[m& csKdUwJhaeí

ppfrsm; jzpfyGm;cJh&ygonf/ urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&; &&Sd&ef pdwfudk

jyKjyifajymif;vJNyD; emrftm[m& <u,f0rSmom jzpfygonf/


urÇmrSm avmb? a'go? arm[wdkY vTrf;rdk;ae&m pdwfudkjyKjyifjyD;

pdwf"mwftiftm; jynfh0apaom "r®&o w&m;tm[m&udk

pm;aomufovdk emrftm[m&udkvnf; pm;aomuf&ygrnf/

odkYrSom pdwfESvHk; aumif;Muygrnf/ pdwftiftm; jynfh0

Muygrnf/ twGif;tZÑwåpdwf Nidrf;csrf;rS tjyifavmu Nidrf;csrf;

ygonf/ wpfOD;csif; oDvorm"dynm &,lavhusifhMurSomvQif

wpfurÇmvHk;odkY w&m;ysHUESHYEdkifygonf/ urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;onf

rvGJraoG ay:aygufvmygrnf/

opömav;yg; trSefw&m;omvQif 'ku©a&mufaeaom

avmuBuD;udk tPkjrLAHk;uJhodkY acsrIef; zsufqD;Edkifygonf/

urÇmBuD; 'ku©a&mufrIonf trSefopömw&m; rodrI t0dZÆÆm

aMumifhjzpf&m 0dZÆÆmac: opömtrSefw&m;uom zsufqD;ypfEdkif

ygonf/ tjrwfqHk;csrf;omudk t0dZÆÆmarm[y,frS &Muygonf/

,ck 'um? 'umrwdkYonf uREkfyf\qHk;roGefoifcsufudk

vdkufemNyD;? pdwfoefY&Sif;a&;twGuf omoemjyKtzGJU zGJUMuwm


od&vdkY txl;0rf;omygonf/ pdwfudktuJcwfaom pdwåm

Ekyóemudk yGm;aeMuwmodvdkY r[mowdyXmefokwfawmfonf

tpOfxGef;ajymifNyD; oifwdkYudk tm;ay;EId;aqmfrI jyKygvdrfhrnf/

"r®tdwfpfydkY

"r®'lw omoemjyK vkyfief;onf ta&;tBuD;qHk; vkyfief;

BuD; jzpfonf/ omoemjyKvkyfief; r&SdvQif rnfonfhomoemrS

t&SnfrwnfwHhEdkifyg/ wdk;wufrIonf usef;rmoefpGrf;rI? &yfaerI

onf a&m*g? odkYr[kwf qkwf,kwfrI[kac:onf/ bmom

w&m;onf tpOf &Sifoefwdk;wuf ae&ygrnf/ Ak'¨bmomudk

urÇmodkY rjzefYcsdvQif Ak'¨bmomudk rcspf&m? rjrwfEdk;&m

a&mufygonf/

rav;&Sm;EdkifiHonf &mbm? Muufaygifap;? cJrjzL pwJh

xGufukefaygrsm;aom EdkifiHjzpfí ydkYukefrsm;ygonf/ Ak'¨

bmomudk EdkifiHjcm;odkY bmaMumifh rwifydkY&ygrnfenf;/

w&m;"r®udk ydkYukeftjzpf urÇmtESYH ydkYMuyg/ taumif;qHk;


ydkifqdkifrI &wemudk ydkYay;rS taumif;qHk; &wemudk jyefvnf

&&Sdygrnf/ ay;jcif;yif &,ljcif; jzpfygonf/ opömw&m;"r®udk

EdkifiHwdkif;odkY ay;urf;&ygrnf/ &mbm? Muufaygifap;awG

ydkYay;aerIonf ysufvG,faom ypönf; jzpfygonf/ opöm

w&m;um; cdkifNrJygonf/ udavom'ku©rS vGwfajrmufap

ygonf/ xdkYjyif tjrifrSefudkom ydkYukef jzpfoifhygonf/ &mbm?

Muufaygifap;onf oHo&mvnfapí? tjrifrSefw&m; "r®onf

oHo&mudk &yfpJapygonf/

omoemjyKMu&r,f

tar&duefEdkifiHrS c&pf,mef omoemjyKrsm;onf rav;&Sm;

EdkifiHodkY vma&muf omoem jyKaeMu&m? rav;&Sm;uvJ

tar&duefEdkifiHodkY omoemjyKoifhygonf/ t,ltq tawG;

tac:csif; zvS,fMu&ef vdktyfygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u w&m;

a[mjy? oifjyrIonf taumif;qHk;vkyfief;[k a[mawmfrlcJh

ygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf opöm"r® trSefw&m;udk vdkufvHay;urf;


a0iSaeMuolrsm;jzpf&m &wemoHk;yg; rMunfndKolrsm;udk &wem

oHk;yg; MunfndKEdkif&ef oifjy a[mMum;Mu&ygrnf/ urÇmh

bmomBuD;wdkif;rSm omoemjyKrsm;&SdMuí taumif;qHk; bmom

jzpfaom Ak'¨bmomrSmvnf; omoemjyKrsm; &Sdoifhygonf/

uREkfyfwdkYonf Ak'¨omoemudk urÇmodkY jzefYcsd&ef

tcsdefusa&mufí tqifoifh jzpfaeMuygNyD/ uREkfyfwdkY\ uHtm;?

ÓPftm;? 0D&d,tm;wdkYvnf; jynfhpHkaeygNyD/ Ak'¨bmom0if

wdkYvnf; tar&duefEdkifiHodkY þtwkr&Sd rGefjrwfaom a'oem

w&m;aumif;udk jzefYcsdMuzdkY wm0ef&SdMuygonf/ tar&duefwdkY

onf odyÜHpdwfxm; &SdMuí odyÜHenf;usjzpfaom Ak'¨bmomonf

olwdkYtwGuf tvG,f wul vufcHEdkifaom bmomyif

jzpfygonf/

uREkfyfwdkY\ bk&m;&Sif Ak'¨a*gwronf yxrqHk;aom urÇmhh

omoemjyK yk*¾dKvfBuD;jzpfygonf/ urÇmrSm yxrqHk; "r®'lw

omoemjyK oHCtzGJUudkvnf; wnfaxmifcJhygonf/ xdkYaemuf


oD&d"r®maomu rif;w&m;BuD;u urÇmwGif 'kwd,omoemjyK

yk*¾dKvfBuD; jzpfvmygonf/ ,if; omoemjyK yk*¾dKvfBuD;

rsm;aMumifh urÇmhhbmomBuD;tjzpfodkY qdkufa&mufvmjcif;

jzpfygonf/ ,cktcg wwd,tBudrfajrmuf omoemjyK vkyfief;

BuD;udk vkyfMu&ygawmhrnf/

taumif;qHk;tm[m&ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;ay;&rnf

bk&m;wnfMu? ausmif;aqmufMujcif;rSm aumif;rGefaom

tvkyfrsm; jzpfMuygonf/ odkYaomf w&m;a'oem ,Ofaus;rIudk

a[mjyqHk;r oifjyjcif;u ydkí aumif;rGefygonf/ tjrwfqHk;

ukodkvfvnf; jzpfygonf/

rav;&Sm;EdkifiHrSm tPkjrLAHk;awG? tPkjrLa&ikyfoabFmawG

r&Sdyg/ 'DvufeufawGu urÇmodkY jzefYcsd&ef rvdktyfyg/

rav;&Sm;EkdifiHrSm urÇmodkY ay;Edkif&ef arwåm"mwfESifh opöm

w&m;udk jyKpkysdK;axmifí jzefYcsdoifhvSygonf/ rdrdbmomudk

cspfjrwfEdk;vQif tjcm;EdkifiHodkYvnf; a0iSoifhygonf/ tu,fí


Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfOD;onf w&m;ra[mwwf? w&m;roifjywwf

vQif t&nftcsif;&Sdaom omoemjyKyk*d¾Kvfudk axmufyHh ulnD

oifhygonf/ olvnf; omoemjyKukodkvfudk xyfwl&ygonf/

urÇmü ppfrufjzpfrI? &ufpufpGm owfjzwfaerIudk arwÅmw&m;

jzifh [efYwm;&ygrnf/ xdkYaMumifh wwd,urÇmppfudk wm;qD;&ef

,ckuyif arwåmvkyfief;rsm;udk jyKvkyf&ygrnf/ taomurif;

uJhodkY rif;aumif;rif;jrwfwpfyg; ay:xGef;í omoemjzefYcsd&ef?

vufeuftpm; arwåmw&m;udkifpGJ&ef qkawmif;ygonf/ urÇmrSm

Ak'¨omoem jyefYyGm;vQif ppfrufwdkufcdkufrI uif;&Sif;oGm;rnfrSm

aocsmygonf/

þurÇmay:wGif opömav;yg; odrIt& tjrwfqHk;

csrf;om&rIESifh tBuD;qHk;aom t[ðomxuf ydkíaumif;aom

okc[lí r&Sdyg/ þtjrwfqHk;csrf;omudk oifwdkYvnf; &&Sd

Edkifonf/ trSefopömudk wu,fodjrif em;vnfvQif aAm"dÚmPf

&í Ak'¨udkvnf; jrifod em;vnfEdkifonf/ Ak'¨[lonf trSef


opömw&m;yif jzpfonf/ 'ku©eda&m" opömw&m;onf ajymif;vJ

azmufjyefjcif; r&Sdyg/

uREkfyfwdkYonf emrfw&m; rD;avmifaerIudk Nidrf;owf&ef

emrfrD;owform;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ pdwfrSm avmb? a'go?

arm[rD;rsm; tBuD;tus,f awmufavmifaerIudk 0dkif;0ef;

Nidrf;owf ay;&ygrnf/ trSefw&m;wnf;[laom a&omvQif

urÇmhvlom;xk\ twGif;rD;udk tjyD;wdkif Nidrf;owfEdkifygonf/

emrfw&m;rSm aysmhnHhqmavmifaerI r&SdvQifvnf;

emrftm[m& tpmrsm; auR;arG;&ygrnf/ oef;aygif;rsm;pGmaom

urÇmhvlOD;a&onf tpmiwfonfxuf emrftm[m& iwfonfu

ydkrsm;ae ygonf/ urÇmBuD;wpfckvHk; udavomrD; q,fhwpfyg;

avmifaeonfudk awGYjrifae&ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh ,ck

uREfkyfwdkY\ urÇmhAk'¨bmom omoemjyKtzGJYonf udavomrD;

rsm;udk vdkufvH Nidrf;owfay;olrsm; jzpfygonf/ þrD;owf

wyfzGJYudk cdkifNrJ&ef tNrJapmifha&Smuf ulnDMuyg/ rD;Nidrf;&ef


a&jznfhay;Muyg/ r*¾ifa&at; ay;oGif;yg/ urÇmBuD; Nidrf;csrf;

om,mygap[k arwåmydkYoyg/ uREfkyfwdkYtm;vHk; opömtrSefw&m;

tjrwfqHk;csrf;om? taumif;qHk; Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk &&Sdatmif

qE´jyKMuyg/

tar&duefEdkifiHudk bmaMumifha&G;&ovJ

omoemawmf ESpfaxmifhig;&monf Ak'¨bmom jyefYyGm;rnfh

twdwfedrdwf jzpfonf/ ,cktcg tar&duefEdkifiHodkY oGm;a&muf

í omoemjyKygrnf/ urÇmtESHY omoem jyefYyGm;&ef tpysdK;jcif;

jzpfygonf/ tar&duefEdkifiHonf omoemudk vufcH&ef

toifh&SdaeygjyD/ uREfkyfwdkYrSm ,HkrSm; oHo,r&Sd? aES;auG;rI

r&Sd&ef vdkygonf/ omoemjyKvkyfief; vkyf&ef tcsdefusaeNyD?

v,fajrvJ tqifoifh&SdNyD;? uREfkyfwdkYu pdkufysdK;ay; rsdK;awGcsay;

&efom vdkygawmhonf/


tar&duefEdkifiHudk pwifa&G;cs,f&jcif;rSm taMumif;ig;csuf

&Sdygonf/ Ak'¨"r®twGuf tar&duef? tar&duefwdkYtwGuf

Ak'¨"r®[k qdkvdkygonf/

1/ tar&duefwdkUonf 'ku©udk cHpm;Muí 'ku©udk odvm

Muygonf/ yxrurÇmppf? 'kwd, urÇmppfrSm yg0ifwdkufcdkufcJhí

'ku©taMumif;udk odvmMuygonf/

2/ tar&duefwdkYonf odyÜHenf;us pdwfaepdwfxm; &SdMuí

odyÜHenf;us Ak'¨bmomESifh qDavsmfaeygonf/ olwdkYvufcHrnf

jzpfygonf/

3/ tar&duefwdkYonf vIyf&Sm; wufMuGMuygonf/

tar&duefEdkifiHonf pD;yGm;a&;? ppfrufa&;rSm tiftm; tawmifh

wif;qHk; EdkifiHjzpfygonf/ wdk;wufaom EdkifiHjzpfygonf/

4/ tar&duefwdkYonf topftopfaom udpöwdkYudk vdkvm;

aeMuygonf/ ta[mif;udk NiD;aiGY aeMuygonf/ Ak'¨omoem

onf umvtm;jzifh a[mif;EGrf;Mumjrifh aeaomfvnf; tNrJ


qef;opfaeygonf/ tajccHopömav;yg;rSm a[mif;EGrf;jcif;

ajymif;vJjcif; r&Sdyg/ xdkYaMumifh Ak'¨omoemonf ta[mif;

tjrif; r[kwfyg/ yGifhopfpyef;? qef;opfp vyrm wifhw,f

aeygonf/ umvtm;jzifh odef;oef;Mumaomfvnf; w&m;awmf

onf tNrJrSefaeí tdkrif;&ifha&mfjcif; r&Sdyg? ajymif;vJrI r&Sdyg/

5/ tar&duefwdkYudk Ak'¨o&P*Hk wnfapjyD;vQif olwdkYu

wqifh urÇmudk qufvuf omoemjyKEdkifpGrf; &Sdolrsm; jzpfyg

onf/ olwdkYrSm awmifhwif;aom tzGJYtpnf;ESifh tiftm;

&Sdygonf/ aiGaMu;jynfhpHkí vSL'gef;ol aygrsm;Muygonf/

olwdkYonf urÇmrSm aMumfjimvkyfief;wGif wpfeHygwf &olrsm;

jzpfMuygonf/

apmifhMunfhyg

tar&duef c&pf,mefomoemjyKrsm; puFmyl? rav;&Sm;

vma&mufNyD; oifwdkY &ifaoG;i,frsm;udk c&pf,mefjzpfatmif

vkyfovdk? aemiftcg tar&duef Ak'¨bmom omoemjyKrsm;u


rav;&Sm;odkY vma&mufjyD; Ak'¨w&m;awmf a[mjyMuygvdrfhrnf/

rav;&Sm; vli,frsm;udk o&P*Hk aqmufwnfapygvdrfhrnf/

urÇmrSm bmrqdk jzpfEdkifygonf/ aemif udk;ESpftxd apmifhMunfh

yg/ Ak'¨bmomonf urÇmhae&mwdkif;rSm xGef;um;vmygvdrfhrnf/

þum; oifwdkY\ csD;usL;MobmpmtwGuf uREfkyf\

jyefMum;csuf jzpfygonf/ tjrwfqHk; csrf;om &Muygap?

oifwdkYtm; arwåmydkYoygonf/

q&mawmfOD;avmuemx

18? Mo*kwfv? 1947ckESpf/


omoemjyK yk*¾dKvfqdkwm

a&[m tNrJwrf; pD;qif;aerS oefY&Sif;w,f/

omoemjyKyk*d¾Kvfqdkwm tNrJwrf; ½kef;uefvIyf&Sm;aerS

wdk;wufw,f/

The water is pure that flows.

The monk is pure that goes.


5/ Ak'¨"r®jzifh BuD;yGm;csrf;oma&; vrf;pOfw&m;awmf

(*kPfjyKcsD;usL; ylaZmfyGJwGif OD;avmuemx\ a[mjycsuf)

Ak'¨a'oem w&m;awmf[m wcsKdU bmoma&;yk*d¾KvfawG

ajymqdkovdk pdwfysuf vufavQmh tm;i,fp&m bmomw&m;

r[kwfygbl;/ Ak'¨a'oemw&m;[m taumif;qHk; tjrwfqHk;

csrf;omudk ckb0 cktcsdefrSmyJ &&SdapEdkifygw,f/ tm;wufp&m

Edk;Mum;p&m bmomBuD;yg/

udk,fusifhoDvu a&SU? odyHÜu aemuf

udk,f pdwfESpfjzm csrf;omatmif b,fvdkvkyf&rvJ/

- tukodkvf a&Smif&r,f?

- ukodkvf aqmif&r,f?

- pdwfudk pifMu,fapNyD; trSefjrifap&r,f/

'g Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;wdkif; a[mMum;wJh w&m;a'oem tqD

tESpfcsKyfyJ/


oAÁygyó tu&PH - Not to do all evil,

ukovó OyorÜ'g - To do what is good,

opdwå y&da,m'yeH - To purify one's mind.

{wH Ak'¨ge omoeH - This is the teaching of the

Buddhas.

vlwdkif; csrf;omapcsif&if 'DtrSefopömvrf;ay:rSm

avQmufoGm;Mu&r,f/ b0todrSefrSomvQif ynm&NyD; ynm

uom csrf;omtppfudk jzpfapw,f/ t0dZÆmarm[u qif;&Judk

jzpfapw,f/ oifwdkYvJ ukodkvfudk vkyfMuyg/ ukodkvfudk

vkyfMuqdkwm ig;yg;oDvw&m;udk xdef;odrf; apmifha&Smuf MuvdkY

qdkvdkygw,f/ 'D puFmylrSm wcsKdU yk*d¾KvfawGu av;eufwJh

odyHÜudk vdkvm;Muw,f/ ig;yg;oDv rapmifhxdef;&if 'gudk

r&Edkifbl;/ odyÜHu aemuf? oDvua&SU jzpf&r,f/ bGJYr&rD

oli,fwef;u poif&ovdkaygh/


ig;yg;oDvudk apmifhxdef;w,fqdkwmu pmayt&a&m?

tESpfom& oabmw&m;t&yg apmifhxdef;&w,f/ tay:,Hudpö

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bk&ifh&mxl;? ,aomf"&m? &m[kvm? "eOpöm? tmPmwefcdk;awG

tukefpGefYypfvdkufw,f/ tapmifhtMuyf rsm;pGmawGvJ wm;qD;vdkY

r&bJ awmxGufawmfrlcJhw,f/ 'gaMumifh oifwdkYvJ yg&rD

&Sdayr,fh yg&rD &ifhusufwJh tcsdefudk apmifhMu&OD;r,f/ yg&rD

&ifhusuf&if olYtvdkvdk tukef pGefYypfEkdifw,f/


bmoma&;OD;aqmif bkef;BuD;qdkwm

urÇmhbmomBuD; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;xJrSm&SdwJh ]bkef;BuD;}

qdkolawG[m tdrfaxmifjyKMuw,f/ vufxyf r*FvmyGJrSmvJ

yg0if vkyfaqmifay;Muw,f/ avmuDudpö umr*kPfe,fxJrSm

tawmfyg0if aqmif&GufMuw,f/ Ak'¨omoemrSm&SdwJh &[ef;awmf

awGuawmh tdrfaxmifvJ rjyKbl;/ vufxyf r*FvmyGJrSmvJ

yg0ifaqmif&Gufray;bl;/ avmuDumr*kPfudpörSm yg0ifvm&if

&[ef;r[kwfbl;/ oHCmabmifu MuOfz,f&w,f/ bkef;BuD;

qdkwm tdrfaxmifom;arG; udpörSm ryg0if&bl;/

'g[m ax&0g' Ak'¨omoem&JY xl;jcm;csufBuD; wckyJ/

toifwdkY ppfrSefwJh csrf;omokcudk vdkcsif&if avmb?

a'go? arm[ enf;yg;&r,f/ enf;yg;atmif vkyf&r,f/

- 'gevkyfNyD; avmbudk y,fMuyg/

- oDvvkyfNyD; a'goudk y,fMuyg/


- 0dyóem bm0emtvkyf vkyfNyD; arm[udk y,fMuyg/

Alms-giving (Dana) destroys Greed (Lobha).

Moral conduct (Sila) destroys Anger (Dosa).

Meditation (Bhavana) destroys Delusion (Moha).

'grS tavmb? ta'go? tarm[ csrf;omjrwfBuD;udk

&&SdMur,f/ 'g[m edAÁmefygyJ/ edAÁme okcygyJ/ tjrwfqHk;

csrf;omvdkY ac:w,f/

,aeY w&m;emy&dwfowfBuD; tjrwfqHk; csrf;omudk

&Muygap? w&m;udk ½dkaopGm emMuvdkY om"k ac:ygw,f/

usufoa& &SdMuygap/ udk,fpdwfESpfjzm csrf;omNyD; ,ckb0rSmyJ

edAÁmefudk &&SdodjrifMuygap/


2500 Ak'¨omoemordkif; c&D;wavQmufrSm Ak'¨bmomaMumifh

vlom;wdkY aoG;ajrwpfpufrQ uscJh&zl;jcif; r&SdonfrSm

Ak'¨bmomtwGuf tvGef *kPf,lp&m tcsufBuD; jzpfygw,f/

(tm&Stvif;a&mif)

It is the proud boast of Buddhism that not a single drop

of blood has ever been shed in the name of Lord Buddha

during the 2,500 years of its existence.

(Light of Asia)


6/ Ak'¨"r®ESifh rdbaus;Zl;qyfjcif; w&m;awmf

csrf;om? vSy? ynm&&Sda&;

'DaeY we*FaEGaeYrSm w&m;em y&dwfowfu pdwf0ifpm;pGm

vma&mufMu? &moDOwkuvJ om,m? vlawG odyfrsm;vdkY

bkef;BuD; tvGefyJ 0rf;om MunfEl;&ygw,fqdkwm a&S;OD;pGm

ajymvdkygw,f/ cef;rBuD; jynfhvQHNyD; ae&mr&vdkY tjyifrSmvJ

vlawG rwfwyf&yf emaeMuw,f/ aus;Zl;wifygw,f/

txl;tqef;rdkY vmMuwmvJ jzpfcsif jzpfr,faygh/

bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh bkef;BuD;[m tDwvDvlrsKd; Oa&my

wdkufom;? a&mr Ak&if*sD bmom0ifuae ppfrSefwJh ax&0g'

Ak'¨bmom0if jzpfvmvdkYvJ y&dwfowfBuD;u ckvdk pdwf0ifpm;

wmvJ jzpfEdkifygw,f/

tDwvDrSm aewkef;u a&mr Ak&if*sDbmom0if 45 oef;

xJrSm ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom0ifqdkvdkY bkef;BuD;wpfyg;wnf;yJ


&Sdw,f/ wpfaeYawmh a&mr Ak&if*sDbmom0if bkef;BuD;wpfyg;u

bkef;BuD;xH a&mufvmjyD; -

]]vlOD;a& 45 oef;u Ak&if*sDbmom0ifjzpfjyD; toif

wpfa,mufwnf; ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom0if qdkawmh 'gudk Munfh½Hk

ESifh oifht,lbmom rSm;aeNyD}} vdkY ajymw,f? bkef;BuD; olYpum;

udk odyftHhMo oGm;wmu 45 oef;rSm Ak'¨bmom wpfa,muf

wnf; jzpfvdkY rSm;,Gif;&r,fqdkwJh t,ltqygyJ/ trSm;trSef[m

ta&twGufeJY rqdkifygbl;/ 45 oef;u Ak'¨bmomudk ajymif;vJ

wJh tcgrSom rSef&r,f r[kwfbl;/

bkef;BuD;u 1925 ckESpfrSm bk&if*sDbmom0if (½dkref

uwfovpf) uae ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom0if wpfOD; jzpfvmw,f/

"r®y'*gxm bmomjyefpmtkyfudk zwf&vdkY b,folrS bkef;BuD;xH

w&m; vmra[mbJ udk,fh[mudk,f o&P*Hk aqmufwnf

cJhw,f/ aemufrMumrD jrefrmjynfrSm &[ef;cH vdkufw,f/

rdbESpfyg;xHrSm cGifhrawmif;bl;/ olwdkYudk,fwdkifu tqufjzwf


vdkufMuvdkYygyJ/ bkef;BuD;vJ wpfESpfom MumoGm;w,f?

rdbawGqD pmwpfapmifrS ra&;jzpfcJhbl;/

uG,fvGefol rdbESpfyg;udk &nfpl;í

rdbcGifhrjyKyJ bmaMumifh &[ef;jyKovJ/

bk&m;avmif; od'¨w¬rif;om;[m rdb cGifhrjyKyJ awmxGuf

w,f/ &aoh&[ef;tjzpf ajymif;vJ vdkufw,f/ uREfkyfwdkY

tm;vHk;[m oHo&mc&D;BuD;xJrSm wpfOD;pD oGm;aeMuvdkY b,folY

xHrS tultnD awmif;aep&m rvdkbl;? udk,ftm;udk,fudk;jyD;

awmxGufw,f/ &[ef;jyKw,f/ r*¾if&Spfyg; vrf;rBuD;rSm

wpfOD;pD avQmufMu&w,f/

bkef;BuD; 0rf;enf;wm wpfckyJ&Sdw,f/ bkef;BuD;&JU rdb

ESpfyg;[m aoqHk;wJhtxd a&mrAk&if*sD bmom0iftjzpfeJY aoqHk;

oGm;Mu&Smw,f/ olwdkY o&P*Hk,ljyD; o&P*HkeJY aoqHk;

oGm;Mu&ifawmh 0rf;omMunfEl;p&myJ/ bkef;BuD;u pmvJra&;?


oGm;vJ rawGYjzpfqdkawmh "r®a'oem w&m;a[mcGifhvJ r&vdkuf

ygbl;/ 'gaMumifh urÇmt&yf&yf wjcm; bmom0ifrsm;udkom

vdkufvHjyD; w&m;a'oem tppfudk a[majym oifjyaeygw,f/

vGefcJhwJh 22 ESpfu bkef;BuD;r,fawmfBuD; uG,fvGefcJhw,f/

'gaMumifh vlYjynfrSm vljyefjzpfr,f qdk&if ol[m touf 21 ESpf?

22 ESpfavmuf &SdaejyDaygh/ bkef;BuD;&JU crnf;awmfBuD;awmh

jyefarG;zGm;&if touf 16 ESpfavmuf &SdaejyD? w&m;a[m&if

odjrifem;vnfEdkifwJh t&G,faygh/ 'gaMumifh wdkif;jynftESHYrSm

bkef;BuD;w&m;udk vma&mufem,lMuwJh vlawGxJrSm olwdkY

yg0ifNyD; jzpfEkdifw,f/ rdbESpfyg; ygvdkygjim; &nfpl;NyD; tckvJ

w&m;a[mjyygw,f/

bmyJjzpfjzpf bkef;BuD;[m bmomul;ajymif;NyD; ax&0g'

&[ef;awmf jzpfvmw,f/ umr*kPf avmuBuD;udk

pGefYcGmvdkufw,f/ edAÁmefqdkwJh 0drkwåd&oudk &atmif avhusifhzdkY

&[ef;jyKvdkufw,f/ tckb0rSm rdbESpfyg;udk o&P*Hk


r,lapEdkifcJhayr,fh cka&m aemifb0rSmyg olwdkYudk o&P*Hk

wnfatmif BudK;pm;ygr,f/ bkef;BuD;wdkY odjrifavhusifhMuwJh

w&m; t&omudk rdbawGudkvJ a0iS ay;Mu&r,f/ 'D

"r®t&omudk udk,fcsnf;rcHpm;xdkufbl;/

bkef;BuD;[m od'¨w¬ rif;om;&JUxHk;udk rDScdkjyD; rdb cGifhrjyKbJ

&[ef;jyKcJhw,f/ 0denf; yd#uwfrSmawmh rdbu cGifhrjyK&if

&SifomraPrjyK&? &[ef;cHray;&vdkY ynwfxm;w,f/ bkef;MuD;

twGufawmh or®morÁK'¨ jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU cGifhjyKrIt& &[ef;

cHw,fvdkY qdk&rSmyJ/

bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh rdbESpfyg;u ½kyf0w¬K tpm tm[m&

eJYom axmufyHhauR;arG;NyD; ½kyfb0u toufocifygyJ/ jrwfpGm

bk&m;uawmh bkef;BuD;twGuf emrftm[m& emrf0dZÆm tvif;

a&miftwGuf zcifjzpfaevdkYygyJ/ tjrwfqHk; zcifBuD;ygyJ/

jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU a'oemjzpfwJh "r®y'pmtkyf[m bkef;BuD;&JU

udk,f? EIwf? pdwfudk jyKjyifajymif;vJ apcJhygw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;


y&dedAÁmefjyKwm ESpfaygif; 2500 ausmfcJhjyD jzpfayr,fh? 'Dpmtkyf

uav;u bkef;BuD; t,lbmomudk ajymif;vJypfapw,f/

pmtkyfudk rawmfwq trSwfrxif&vdkY zwfrdwmyJ/ 'D"r®y'

pmtkyfudk rzwfrd&ifvJ ,aeYwdkif a&mrAk&if*sD bmom0ifwpfOD;

jzpfaerSmyJ/ 'gaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;u bkef;BuD;udk &[ef;0wfzdkY

cGifhay;w,fvdkY ,lqNyD; &[ef;cHcJhw,f/

vlewfjzpfolESifh i&Jusol EdIif;,SOfcsuf

bkef;BuD;&JU a&G;cs,fcsuf cGifhjyKcsuf r[kwfyJ? ,ck tdkemao

oHo&mBuD;xJrSm a&mufcJh&w,f/ 'DvdkyJ bkef;BuD;u cGifhjyKcsuf

rawmif;bJ 'DoHo&mBuD;xJu twif;tusyf xGufcJhw,f/

wpfOD;wnf; udk,fwdkif tvGwf½kef;uef&w,f/ wpfOD;u

wpfOD;udk ru,fwifEdkifbl;/ 'gaMumifh &[ef; jyKNyD;

udk,fh[mudk,f u,fwifae&ygw,f/ 'g[m qifjcifwHkw&m;&JU

obm0ygyJ/ 'ku©uRwfvGwfzdkY twGufqdk&if olrsm;udk riJhuGuf

raxmufn§moifhbl;/ rdrdudk,fudk yxrqHk; aumif;atmif jynfh0


atmifom avhusifhae&w,f/ rdrdrSm w&m;r&Sd&if avmuudk

aumif;atmif rvkyfay;Edkifbl;/ q&m0efu olYa&m*gudk olt&if

uko&w,f/ udk,hf'ku© udk,f&Sif;ypfMu/

Each one must save himself.

No oe can save another.

Until one is perfect, one cannot do any good to the

world.

raeYu w&m;yGJrSm tcsufwpfck usefoGm;w,f? tJ'D

tcsufu bmvJ/ wpfaeYaomtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u ajrrIefYudk

vufonf;ay:rSm wifjyD; -

]]cspfom;wdkY? vufonf;ay:u ajrrIefYESifh r[myx0DrSm&SdwJh

ajrrIefY b,f[mu rsm;ovJ}} vdkY ar;awmfrlw,f/ &[ef;awGu

r[myx0D ajrrIefYu tqrwefrsm;ygw,fvdkY jyefavQuf

Muw,f/ 'Dawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;u -


]]þOyrmtwdkif;yJ ok*wdb0ac:wJh ewfjynf? vlYjynfu

aoqHk;NyD; ok*wdbHk jyefa&muf ol[m ig\vufonf;ay:u

ajrrIefYuJhodkY tvGef enf;yg;vSw,f/ i&Jusol tyg,fav;yg;

a&mufolu r[myx0DrSm&SdwJh ajrrIefYuJhodkY odyfrsm;w,f}} vdkY

a[mjyawmfrlw,f/

xm0&i&J? xm0&aumif;uifbHk r&Sd

Ak'¨a'oemawmfrSm xm0& aumif;uifbHk? xm0&i&JbHkvdkY

r&Sdbl;/ acwåcP a&mufMuwm csnf;yJ/ tNrJruRwfbJ i&J

cH&wm r[kwfbl;/ uHw&m;t& vljyefjzpfEdkifao;w,f/ uH

uH\ tusKd;qdkwJh ur®ed,mrw&m;u rQww,f? rSefuef

wdusw,f/ i&Jusayr,fh jyefajymif;Edkifao;w,f/

Ak'¨bmomrSm 'DtcGifhxl;awG &Sdaew,f? vl[m b,fawmhrS

wpfcsDwnf; b0wHk; qHk;½HI;&wm r&Sdygbl;/


'gaMumifh owå0gtm;vHk; arwåmu½kPmpdwfeYJyJ ulnD

&w,f/ bkef;BuD;vJ 'DapwemaMumifh "r®'lw omoemjyK &[ef;

wpfyg; jzpfvmw,f/

bkef;BuD;rarQmfvifhbJ Ak'¨bmomjzpf&ovdk usefwJhvlawGvJ

"r®&o cHpm;MuygapvdkY apwemxm;jyD; tck puFmylrSm w&m;

a[mjyaewmyJ/ udk,f usifhBuH&&SdwJhw&m;udk olrsm;udk ra0iS

ra[mMum;&if udk,fusKd;&Smol twåqHol jzpfrSmaygh/ 'gaMumifh

tck tar&dueftoGm;rSm puFmylrSm w&m;a[maewmyJ/

tar&duefrSm omoemwnfrS urÇmudk omoemjyefYyGm;Edkifw,f/

Ak'¨0g'\ y"metcsufBuD; av;csuf

jrwfpGmbk&m;u t"du vdk&if;tcsuf omoem&JY yEéuf

wdkifBuD; av;ckudk a[mMum;awmf rlw,f/ pm;yGJ[m ajcaxmuf

av;acsmif;&SdrS &yfwnfEdkifovdkygyJ/ Ak'¨omoem[m opöm

av;yg;yJ/ ygVdawmf usrf;pm pmtkyfaygif; 40 tkyfrSm

0denf;yd#u? okwåef yd#ueJY tbd"r®myd#u oHk;yHk yg&Sdw,f/


'gawG NcHKiHkMunfh&if tESpfxkwf,lvdkuf&if opömav;yg;yJ

&Sdw,f/ opömav;yg;od&if Ak'¨bmomudk odwmyJ/ ,cif

w&m;yGJrSm opömav;yg;udk a[mcJhw,f/ tck usefwmudk

&Sif;jyr,f/

tjrifrSefol (orm'd|d) qdkwm bmvJ

]orm'd|d} qdkwm bmvJ/

opömav;yg;odrI[m or®m'd|dyJ/ vu©Pma&;oHk;yg; (The

Three Characteristics) odrI[m orm'd|dyJ/ uH uH\tusKd;

(The Law of cause and effect) ,HkMunfrI[m or®m'd|dyJ/

ta&;BuD;wmu rdrdcE¨m&JU tedpö? 'ku©? tewåw&m; ½IrSwf

odjrifzdkYygyJ/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh jrwfpGmbk&m; omoem

awmfrSm twåt,l? ZD0t,l? 0dnmOfaumift,l ryg&SdvdkYyJ/ tJ'D

t,lrSm;awGtpm; pdwf? 0dnmP? emrfw&m;yJ&Sdw,f/ 'DpdwfawG

emrfawG[mvJ wpfpuúefYrSm jzpfvdkufysufvdkufeJY rsm;pGm

ajymif;vJaew,f/


,ckacwf pdwfynmq&mawG? cE¨maA'ynm&SifawGvJ twå

r&Sdbl;vdkY awGYjrifaeMuw,f/ xm0& 0dnmOfaumifqdkwm

r&Sdbl;vdkY awGYjrifaeMuw,f/ xm0& 0dnmOfaumifqdkwm r&Sdbl;

vdkY olwdkYa&;om;Muw,f/ 'gaMumifh tar&duefrSm w&m;a[m

&if tewåw&m;[m olwdkYtzdkY qDavsmfwJh w&m; jzpfaew,f/

omoem rsKd;aphcszdkY ajrcHa&cHaumif;wJh yxrqHk; EdkifiHyJ/

jrwfpGmbk&m; a'oemrSm -

]oaAÁ ocFg&m tedpöm?

oaAÁ ocFg&m 'ku©m?

oaAÁ "r®m tewåm} qdkwmudk wu,fxdk;xGif;odzdkY r*¾if

w&m; usifhMu&ygw,f/

or®m'd|dpcef; a&mufzdkUtwGuf y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m; (The

Law of Dependent Origination) udk em,lqifjcif yGm;rsm;

&w,f/


]]t0dZÆmypö,m ocFg&m? ocFg&m ypö,m? 0dnmPH?

0dnmPypö,m emr½lyH? emr½lyypö,m oVm,weH?

oVm,weypö,m zaóm? zaóypö,m a0'em?

a0'emypö,m wPSm? wPSm ypö,m Oyg'geH?

Oyg'ge ypö,m Oyg'e ba0g? b0ypö,m Zmwd?

Zmwdypö,m Z&m r&Pm aomu y&da'0

'ku© a'greókyg,mom orÇ0Eåd}}

(y#dpöorkyÜg'f yg|dawmf)

'g arm[udk taMumif;cHjyD; b0oHo&m jzpfay:&yHk

y#dpöorkyÜg'f bk&m;a[m yg|dawmfyJ/


urÇmhzefqif;&Sif

opömav;yg; rodrI arm[aMumifh ZmwdeJY tdkemao 'ku©udk

awGYBuHKaeMu&w,f/ arm[aMumifh avmuBuD; jzpfaew,f/

arm[r&Sd&if avmuBuD;vJ r&Sdbl;/ arm[r&Sd&if Zmwd

tdkemaovJ r&Sdbl;/ arm[udk y,fowfMu&r,f/

arm[aMumifh urÇmBuD;jzpfvdkY arm[[m zefqif;&SifyJ/

rm&ac: rm&frif;vJ avmuudk zefqif;aew,f/ rm&u tm½HkrSm

uyfNidzdkY qGJaqmifaew,f/ rdpämbD;vl;BuD;r[kwf/ umr*kPfudk

ESpfouf wG,fwmatmif aoG;aqmif jzm;a,mif;olygyJ/ rm&udk

umra'0vdkYvJ ac:w,f/ 0o0wåD ewfjynfrSm&SdwJh rm&aygh/

'Gg& ajcmufyg;rSm tm½Hkajcmufyg;udk ESpfoufwG,fwmzdkY pGJvef;zdkY

rm&u vkyfaqmifaew,f/ odkYaomfvJ Moumoavmu? ocFg&

avmuqdkwJh avmutm;vHk;[m wpfpuúefYrSm tBudrf

ra&rwGufEdkifatmif jzpfvdkuf ysufvdkuf ay:aew,f/

avmu[m rNidrfoufbl;/


"mwkaA'? ½lyaA'? ocsFmaA' ynm&yfawGrSmvJ ajymif;vJrI

oabmudk vufcHMuw,f/ 'gaMumifh vlwpfudk,fpDrSm rdrd&JU

urÇmavmuudk oef;aygif;rsm;pGm wpfpuúefYrSm zefwD;ae

Muw,f/ rm&aMumifhqdkwmxuf arm[aMumifhqdk&if ydkrSefw,f/

tm;vHk; rD;avmufNrdKufaeMuw,f/ tm;vHk; rD;awmufrD;vQH

oabmygyJ/ bmrD;awG tavmifcH aeMu&ovJ/ rsufpd? em;?

ESm? vQm? udk,f? pdwf 'Gg&ajcmufyg;rSm udavomrD;

avmifaeMuw,f/ avmbrD;? a'gorD;? arm[rD;? ZmwdrD;?

Z&mrD;? r&PrD;? aomurD;? y&da'0rD;awG 'Gg&ajcmufyg;rSm tNrJ

avmifNrdKufaew,f/ wpfavmuvHk; rD;avmifaew,f/

tm½Hkajcmufyg;udk xdef;csKyfzdkY? rD;ravmifzdkY orx0dyóem

½IrSwfMu&w,f/ pdwfudk csKyfwnf; ae&w,f/ rD;avmifaewJh

txJ aemufxyf rD;pm xif;awG rxnfh&if rD;Nidrf;at;ovdkaygh/

rD;udk a&eJYyJ owf&w,f/ r*¾iftod tusifhqdkwJh a&eJY

owfay;&if edAÁmefqdkwJh 'ku©rD;Nidrf;rI ]'ku©eda&m"} udk &&Sdw,f/


edAÁmef[m tvHk;pHk jynfh0cdkifrmrIjzpfvdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;[m

vGefcJhwJh 2500 rSm £Ed́,jynf Ak'¨*,m&Sd r[maAm"d anmifyif

&if;rSm edAÁmeftNrdKufw&m;udk &&Sdawmfrlw,f/

vlom;wpfOD; &&SdwJhw&m;udk BudK;pm;&if vlom;wdkif; tJ'D

w&m;udk usifhoHk;NyD; &Edkifygw,f/ (What man has done, man

can do.) bk&m;? &[EÅmawG[m rdrdwdkY&JU udk,fydkifavmuudk

opöm tPkjrLAHk;eJY azmufcGJzsufqD;NyD; wu,fh Nidrf;csrf;a&;

(edAÁmef) udk &&SdoGm;Muw,f/

urÇmudk 6 &ufawmif zefqif;zdkYrvdk

wcsKdUu ajymMuw,f/ urÇmBuD;udk bk&m;ocifu

ajcmuf&ufeJY zefqif;vdkufw,fwJh/

odkYaomf urÇmqdkwm? b0qdkwm? owå0gqdkwmvJ

'ku©w&m; oufoufygyJ/ 'gaMumifh ajcmuf&ufMumatmif

zefqif;zdkY rvdkbl;/ uREfkyfwdkYudk,fwdkifyif puúefYwdkif; puúefYwdkif;


urÇmrsm;pGm zefqif;ay;aew,f/ urÇmrsm;pGm ay:aygufapw,f/

urÇm[m puúefYwdkif; puúefYwdkif; tedpöw&m; t& jzpfysuf

aew,f/ puúefYwdkif; ay:vdkufaysmufvdkuf? aysmufvdkufay:vdkuf

jzpfaew,f/ rD;awmuf rD;vQH oabmvdkygyJ/

avmifpmqDawG? xif;awG? rD;aoG;awG xnfhay;ae&if;

wPSmavmb xnfhay;ae&if rD;awmufBuD;u qufvuf

awmufavmif aerSmygyJ/ urÇmavmuqdkwmvJ jzpfysufoabm

tpOfrQomjzpfvdkY t0dZÆmwPSm&Sd&if qufjzpfay:aew,f/

taMumif;&if; t0dZÆmeJYwPSm y,fvdkuf&if urÇmavmuqdkwm

r&Sdbl;/ csKyfNidrf;w,f/

'gaMumifh 0dyóem ÓPfynmeJY urÇmavmu zsufypf&wm

rSefwJhtvkyf jzpfvmw,f/ urÇm avmuawG quf quf

rjzpfoifhbl;/ ]b0eda&ma"m edAÁmeH} t& 'ku©udk y,fzsuf&if

twkr&Sd edAÁmef okcudk ckb0? ckae&m? cktcsdefrSmyJ &w,f/


od'¨w¬&JU b0yef;wdkif

rsufpd&JUtvdkudk vdkufpm;aeMu&ifawmh ydkNyD; ½lyg½HkawGudk

MunfhcsifaerSmaygh/ vrf;rqHk;bl;/ em;&JUtvdkudk vdkufpm;aeMu

&ifvJ o'´g½HkawGudk Mum;emcsifrSmaygh/ ESmacgif;&JU tvdkudk vdkuf

pm;aeMu&ifvJ teHYtrsKd;rsKd;udk qufvuf &SmazGaeMurSmaygh/

auseyfa&mifh&JrI r&SdMubl;/ rsufpdu jrifrItm½Hkjzifh ra&mifh&Jbl;/

em;u toHtm½Hkjzifh ra&mifh&Jbl;/ 'DvdkeJY ork'´&m qm;iefa&

aomuf&ovdkyJvdkY jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;w,f/ umr*kPf

cHpm;av? ]aomufav aomufav iwfrajy} qdkovdk ydkNyD;

cHpm;csifae iwfrGwfqmavmifaeMuw,f/ ydkNyD; 'ku©awGYMu

tEÅ&m,f awGYMu&w,f/ Oyrm tpm;tpm aumif;aumif;udk

EGm;iwfa&cs t0tjyJpm;&if a&m*gb, &&SdovdkyJ/ a&mifh&JzdkY

wif;wdrfzdkY vdkw,f/

od'¨w¬rif;om;[m eef;awmfxJrSm tpm;aumif;awG

tNrJpm;? umr*kPfig;yg;udk BudKufovdk cHpm;&w,f/ touf 29


ESpfrSm umr*kPf cHpm;aerIudk tvGefpufqkwf &GHrkef;vmw,f/

olu a&mifh&JrI&SdvdkY pufqkwf&GHrkef;pdwf ay:vmw,f/ rwif;

wdrf&if r&GHrkef;bl;/ wif;wdrfa&mifh&JvdkY eef;pnf;pdrfcsrf;omudk

pGefYypfNyD; awmxGuf edu©r®yg&rD usifhoHk;w,f/ 'Dxufaumif;wJh

edAÁme okcudkom olvdkvm;w,f/ 'Denf;twlyJ uREfkyfwdkYvJ

jzpfysuftpOfudk jzwfawmufMuNyD; wPSm avmbaemuf

rvdkufMuyJ ynmÓPfudk &,l? tjrwfqHk; edAÁmefudk &zdkY

BudK;pm;Mu&r,f/

b0&JU yef;wdkif[m bmvJ? MunfMunfvifvif jrifzdkY odzdkY

vdktyfw,f/ b0&JU yef;wdkifqdkwm pdwfpifMu,f ,Ofaus;a&;?

pdwftjrif cH,lcsuf ajzmifhrwf rSefuefa&;ygyJ/ pdwft,l

rSm;ae&if pdwfrpifMu,f&if olaX;jzpfayr,fh qHk;½HI;wJhb0ygyJ/

atmifjrifrI r&Sdygbl;/ wPSm'd|dpdwfudk y,fEdkif&if qif;&Jom;

jzpfayr,fh atmifjrifwJhb0ygyJ/


udk,fusifhpm&dwåysuf&if tm;vHk;ysuf

'gaMumifh qdkMuw,f ]]tdk - vlom;wdkY? oifwdkY[m

wpfurÇmvHk; tkyfpdk;Mu&ayr,fh tusifh pm&dwå ysufaeMu&if

bmrQ tusKd;r&Sdawmhbl;/ tusifhpm&dwå qHk;½HI;&if tukef½HI;w,f?

atmifjrifrI qHk;½HI;rIudk tusifhpm&dwå &Sd? r&SdESifhyJ wdkif;wm&r,f/

t&mcyfodrf;rSm tusifhpm&dwåom y"me? usefwm bmrS ta&;

rBuD;bl;/ tusifhpm&dwåaumif;&if tukefNyD;w,f}} wJh/

“O youth, what doth it profit a man if he gains the whole

world and lose his character?’’

Success or failure is measured by the gain or loss of

character.

For, character is everything, all else nothing.

wcsKdUu ajymMuw,f/ vlwpfa,muf[m a':vmwpfoef;

ydkifqdkif&if b0rSm atmifjrifrI &SdolyJwJh/ wu,fawmh atmifjrif

rI r[kwfbl;/ Ak'¨a'oem t&qdk&if a':vmwpfoef; &SmazG&&Sd


oHk;pGJEdkifol jzpfygap tusifhpm&dwåraumif;&if? oDvr&Sd&if

tBuD;qHk; vlrdkufBuD;yJ? t½l;BuD;yJvdkY odjrifem;vnfEdkifw,f/

a':vmwpfoef; r&&Sd? roHk;pGJEdkifayr,fhvJ? tusifhpm&dwå

oDvaumif;ae&if b0[m atmifjrifaewmyJ/ tBuD;qHk;

olawmfaumif; ynm&SdygyJ/ vludk "eOpöm&SdrI r&SdrIeJY rwdkif;wm

&bl;/ rqHk;jzwf&bl;/ aiGaMu;&zdkYtwGuf rylyifMuygeJY/ tusifh

pm&dwå aumif;rGefrItwGuf aMumihfMu pdkufMuyg/

tusifhaumif;&if atmifjrifwJhb0? tusifhraumif;&if

qHk;½HI;wJhb0vdkY em;vnfcH,lMuprf;yg/ udpöwckckudk jyKvkyf

awmhr,fqdk&if rdrd udk,f? EIwf? pdwfukd BudKwif qef;ppf a0zef

Munfh? pdwfudk qifjcifMunfh? tusifhpm&dwå oDv wdk;yGm;

vmrSmvm;? tusifhpm&dwå qkwf,kwf ysufjym;oGm;rSmvm; vdkY

udk,fhudkudk,far;Munfh/

tusifhoDv qkwf,kwfysufjym;r,fh tvkyfudpöqdk&if rvkyf

&bl;? tusifhpm&dwå wdk;wufwJh tvkyfudpöqdk&if vkyfaqmifMu?


&J&J0Hh0Hh ZGJeJYvkyfaqmifMu/ rSefwJh tvkyftudkif vkyf&eftwGuf

r&Suf raMumuf&bl;/ tusifhpm&dwå ysufr,hf tvkyfudkom

&Suf& aMumuf&w,f/

b0&JU&nf&G,fcsuf? b0&JU yef;wdkif[m tusihfpm&dwå

aumif;NyD;? tusifhpm&dwåaumif;awG wdk;wufaezdkYygyJ/ 'D

rSwfausmufeJY tvkyftudkifudk wdkif;wm&w,f/ ppfaq;&w,f/

b0&JU yef;wdkif[m 'Gg&ajcmufyg;rSm tm½Hkajcmufyg; vdkufpm;zdkY?

pnf;pdrfcHpm;aeMuzdkY r[kwfbl;/ umr*kPf tm&HkawGudk oGm;NyD;

rEdI;qGMueJY/ 'kp½dkufawG xlajymvmvdrfhr,f/ vl[m emrf"e?

ynm"e? tusifhrSef todrSef pdwfydkif;qdkif&m zGHNzdK;rIawG

cHpm;aezdkY wdk;yGm;aezdkYyJ? oDv&SdNyD; todÓPf zGHNzdK;olom

olwpfyg; tusKd;pD;yGm;udk aqmif&Gufay;Edkifw,f/

Ak'¨ - twkrJhorm;awmfBuD;

jrwfpGmbk&m;rSm oDv? orm"d? ynmqdkwJh pdwfydkif;qdkif&m

zGHNzdK;rI[m owå0gtm;vHk; csrf;omatmif tultnDay;cJhw,f/


jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif&JU tusifhpm&dwå jynfh0aumif;rGefrI? arwåm

u½kPm aAm"dr@dKifupNyD; apwemawG[m ,ckwdkif urÇmudk

ysHUESHaeqJ r[kwfvm;/ omoem 2500 rSm txGwftxdyf

a&mufvdrfhr,f/ aemufydkif;usrS omoem wjznf;jznf;

usqif;oGm; vdrfhr,f/

'g Ak'¨bmom0if tm;vHk;&JU ,HkMunfcsufyJ/ omoem

5000 rSm omoem uG,fvdrfhr,fvdkY ,HkMunfMuw,f/ aemuf

wpfcg t&darwå,sbk&m;&Sif opömav;yg; jyefvnfazmfxkwf

a[mjyvdrfhr,f/

jrwfpGmbk&m;[m taumif;qHk; twkrJh orm;awmfBuD;yJ/

vlom;tm;vHk; cHpm;aeMu&wJh avmb? a'go? arm[ a&m*g

qdk;BuD; oHk;rsKd;udk orm;awmfBuD;u tjrpfjywf y,fowfenf;

ay;oem;awmfrlcJhw,f/ aq;0g; ay;oem;w,f/ a&m*gqdk;

oHk;rsKd;udk ukowJh aq;oHk;vufu -

1/ 'getvkyfeJY avmb - ESajrmwG,fwm a&m*guko?


2/ oDvtvkyfeJY a'go - pdwfqdk;? pdwfysuf a&m*guko/

3/ 0dyóemtvkyfeJY arm[ - rdkufrJrI a&m*guko/

udef;aoayguf csrf;om<u,f0enf;

"eOpöm&zdkY b,fvrf;pOf vdkuf&rvJ/ avmb? a'go?

arm[ enf;yg;&if "eOpöm &w,f/ "eOpömvJ wdk;yGm;w,f/

'gaMumifh 'geudk pGrf;EdkifoavmufjyKMu? tcsif;csif; ulnDMu/

ay;urf;ulnDrSom "eOpöm &w,f/ ray;urf; rulnD&if "eOpöm

r&bl;/ udk,fvkyfwJhuHt& uH&JU tusKd; wHkYjyefrIyJ/

,ckb0rSm qif;qif;&J&JeJY arG;vmol[m ,cifb0u

'geulnDrItvkyf enf;yg;cJhvdkY uyfap;ESJvdkY jzpfw,f/ ,ck

b0rSm vlcsrf;omtdrfrSm arG;zGm;ol[m ,cifb0u 'ge trsm;

BuD; vkyfcJhvdkYyJ/ 'gaMumifh olaX;ol<u,fawG armfawmfum;

pD;oGm;wm jrifMu&vdkY remvdk 0efwdkrI r&SdoifhMubl;/ olwdkYvdkyJ

wdkYuvJ &SdwJh a&wdkY qefwdkY 0efaqmifrIwdkY a0,sm0pö tvkyfwdkYeJY


ay;urf; ulnDMu&r,f/ eJwm rsm;wmeJY rqdkifbl;/ pdwf

apwemeJY qdkifw,f/ pdwfaumif;&Sdol[m ckb0vJ "eOpöm

ayg<u,f0Edkifygw,f/ aemifb0rSm &zdkYuawmh udef;aoygyJ/

'gersKd;aphcs&if ajruvJaumif;OD;rS

wcsKdUu xDxdk;NyD; csrf;omcsifaeMuw,f/ trSefu ulnDrS

vSL'gef;rS a0,sm0pövkyfrS csrf;om Mu&w,f/ avmif;upm;

xDtwGuf avmbaZm odyfrBuD;oihfMubl;/ t,lrrSm;

oifhMubl;/ jrwfpGmbk&m; ay;wJhenf;u olaX;jzpfcsif&if

tvSL'ge vkyfMuwJh/ avmbeJMuwJh/ 'gu pdwfcs &w,f/

'gejyKwm? a0,sm0pöaqmif&Gufwm? tultnDay;wm

awG[m ajrBuD;xJrSm rsKd;aphcswmyJ/ tyifaumif;aumif;

aygufapcsif&if rsKd;aphrSef? rsKd;aphaumif; csay;Mu/ ajrBuD;uvJ

MoZmaumif;&r,f/ rsKd;aphuvJ aumif;w,fqdk&if vdkwJhtoD;

pm;&r,f/ v,fajru raumif;&ifvJ tyifnHhzsif;w,f/ tvSLcH


yk*d¾Kvf[m ajrESifhwlw,f/ udk,fhtvSLu rsKd;aphyJ/ ajra&m

rsKd;apha&m aumif;&r,f/

'getaMumif; wwfodem;vnfol[m oDv&Sdoludk a&G;cs,f

vSL'gef;avh&Sdw,f/ cktcgrSm oHCmawmfrsm;[m v,f,m

ajraumif;ozG,f jzpfMuvdkY vSL&olvJ pdwfcsrf;omw,f/ tusKd;

uvJ BuD;us,fw,f/ edAÁmefxd qkawmif;vdkY &EdkifMuw,f/

todÓPf&SdwJh 'gejyKol[m ol&JU avmbpdwfudk csKd;ESdrf

y,fowfcsifvdkY 'gejyKwm jzpfwJhtwGuf edAÁmefeJY

eD;pyfoGm;w,f/ jzpf½dk;jzpfpOf avmuDaumif;usKd;rsm;vJ &&SdoGm;

Muw,f/ 'gayr,fh pdwfapwemoefoef &nf&G,fcsuf rSefrSefeJY

'gejyK&if ydkNyD;aumif;ygw,f/ 'gejyKwdkif; avmb y,fowfrI

awmh jzpfaewmyJ/


ewfjynfudkawmif usL;ausmfodrf;ydkufvdk

ppfawGjzpfMu? ppfwdkufMuwm avmbpdwfaMumifhyJ/

avmbpdwfaMumifh EdkifiHcsJUxGifaeMu? e,fcsJU0g' xGef;um;

vm&w,f/

avmboabmu &avvdkav ydk&csifavyJ/ oHk;pGJ&av

ydkNyD; oHk;pGJcsifvmav jzpfaeMuw,f/ todÓPf uif;rJhol

rsm;[m b,fawmhrS a&mifh&Jwif;wdrfrI r&SdMubl;/ rNcdK;NcHMubl;/

wpfurÇmvHk;udk &&Sdawmif ewfjynfoGm; ppfwdkuf

odrf;,lcsifMujyefw,f/ vAdrmef a&mufjyefawmh wjcm;N*dK[f

eu©wfawGxH oGm;aeMujyefw,f/ aeAdrmefudkvJ tkyfcsKyfcsif

Muw,f/

&,lrIrSm auseyfa&mifh&JrI r&Sd/ ay;vSL pGefYvTwfrIrSmom

auseyfa&mifh&JrI&Sdw,f/ pGefYvTwfrI[m a&mifh&JrIyJ/ urÇm

avmuBuD;[m jzpfysufavmuyJ/ ysufaewJh avmuudk pGefYEdkifrS


rysufwJh edAÁmef&r,f/ pdwfrSm avmbudk y,fowfEdkif&if

pdwfwnfNidrfNyD; Munfvif at;jraew,f/ t&d,m olawmf

aumif;awG wefzdk;xm;wJh csrf;om okcygyJ/ jrwfpGmbk&m;

csD;rGrf;wJh csrf;omokc "eOpöm qdkwmvJ 'gygyJ/ eef;awmfxJrSm

aepOfu avmb rowfEdkifbl;/ awmxGufusifhrS avmb

owfEdkifw,f/ bk&m;jzpfw,f/

'u©dP0db*FokwfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;u a[mawmfrlw,f/

]]wd&pämefudk auR;arG; tvSLay;&if tqwpf&m tusKd;?

ykxkZOfudk auR;arG;vSL'gef;&if tqwpfaxmif tusKd;?

t&d,mudk auR;arG; vSL'gef;&if twdkif;tqr&SdwJh tusKd;

&&Sdw,f}} vdkY a[mMum;w,f/ 'gu ajrcHa&cHvdkufNyD; toD;tESH

uGmjcm;yHkjzpfw,f/

'gaMumifh acG;wpfaumifudk a&wpfcGufvSL&if a&cGuf 100

tusKd;? vlyk*¾dKvfudk a&wpfcGufvSL&if tq 100? &[EÅmudk

a&wpfcGufvSL&if twdkif;rodtusKd; &w,fvdkY qdkvdkw,f/


pdwfoefY&Sif;rIu t"duyJ? emrf"eOpöm pkaqmif;&r,f/

aiGaMu;"eudk pkaqmif;p&m rvdkbl;/

ynwfawmf 10 yg;xufomwJh ig;yg;oDv

csrf;om<u,f0enf;NyD;awmh ½kyf&nf acsmarmvSyenf;

ajymr,f/ vSyzdkY udpöusawmh a'go enf;rIESifh qdkifw,f/

a'goy,frSom vlawG vSyEdkifw,f/ a'gojzpf&if t½kyf

qdk;w,f/ a'goudk arwåm bm0emtvkyfeJY y,fyg/ ig;yg;

oDvudk arwåmpdwf a&SUaqmifNyD; apmifhxdef;yg/ arwåmpdwft&

rowf? rcdk;? rjypfrSm;? raomufpm;Mubl;/ ig;yg;oDvxJrSm

arwåmvkyfief; arwåmpdwfxm; yg0ifap&r,f/

bkef;BuD;i,fi,fu a&mr Ak&if*sDbmom0if jzpfcJhwkef;u

ynwfawmfq,fyg; oifjyydkYcs ay;Muw,f/ xl;qef;wmu tJ'D

ynwfawmfq,fyg;xJrSm ]]Thou shalt not drink - t&uf

raomuf&}} qdkwJh bk&m;ocif&JU trdefY ynwf wm;jrpfcsuf


ryg0ifwmygyJ/ t&ufaopm raomufMueJYvdkY ynwfzdkY

vdktyfygw,f/

bkef;BuD; Ak'¨bmom0if jzpfvmawmh ig;yg;oDvudk pwif

aqmufwnf&NyD;? t&uf raomufjcif;[m oDvrSm ta&;

BuD;aMumif; awGUvm&w,f/ ig;yg;oDv[m ta&twGuf

enf;ayr,fh ynwfawmf q,fyg;xuf wdusjynfh0

pHkvifygw,f/ vlom;&JU tusifhpm&dwåå 0g&dwåoDvtwGuf

NcHKiHkrdw,f/ vHkavmufw,f/

"The Five precepts are more complete and

more conclusive than The Ten Commandments"

aemuf xl;jcm;csuf wpfckuawmh ig;yg;oDv[m Ak'¨&JU

tmPmtrdefY ynwfawmf r[kwfbl;/ o&P*Hk,lNyD;? olY[mol

tvdkqE´eJY olYtiftm;t& xdef;odrf;&w,f/ trdefYawmfBuD;

r[kwfbl;/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u olrsm;udk ]'grvkyfeJY? 'gudkvkyf} vdkY

trdefYcswm r[kwfbl;/ rdrdwdkY&JU o'¨g? owd? 0D&d,tavsmuf


xdef;&wmrdkY vGwfvyfrI &SdMuygw,f/ ZGwfapcdkif;jcif; rcH&bl;/

jrwfpGmbk&m;u oDvudpörSm tBuHÓPfay;½Hk vrf;nTef½Hkom

jzpfygw,f/

jrwfpGmbk&m;u owå0gtm;vHk;udk vlBuD;awG? qifjcifÓPf

&SdolawGvdk qufqHNyD; w&m;a[mjyay;w,f/ uav;awGvdk

tmPmeJY rqufqHbl;/ ZGwfrcdkif;bl;/ rNcdrf;ajcmufbl;/

'gaMumifh uREkfyfwdkYrSmom owdynm avhusifhMu&if ynm&Sif

tawG;tac: 'óeynm&Sif vl&ifhrBuD;rsm;vdk jzpfMu&w,f/

'gaMumifh b,ftvkyfu rSefw,f? b,ftvkyfu rSm;w,fqdkwm

udk,fwdkif qHk;jzwfcGifh &Muw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u vrf;rSefjyo

xm;awmh trSm;trSef udpörSm rcJ,Of;awmhygbl;/ bk&m;u

tjypf'Pfay;rSm aMumufvdkY raumif;rIudk a&SmifMuOfae&wmrsKd;

r&Sdawmhbl;/ 'gaMumifh Ak'¨bmomudk odyÜHenf;usbmomvdkY

ac:wm/


bkef;BuD;[m uav;vdk vlrdkufvdk qufqHcH&wmudk

rBudKufvdkY bmomul;ajymif;cJhw,f/ Ak'¨a'oemu udk,ftm;

udk,fudk; bmomyJ/ udk,fhoDv orm"d ynmeJY r*¾ifvrf;rSm

udk,fwdkif avQmufMu&w,f/ bk&m;u vrf;jy½HkyJ/

I naturally became a buddhist because i don't wish to

be treated like a child, but like a man.

vlacsmvlvSjzpfatmif bmvkyfrvJ

½kyf&nf acsmarmvSyzdkY b,fvdkvkyfMurvJ/

owå0gtm;vHk;udk uefYowfrJh arwåmxm; ulnD

apmifha&SmufMu ( Infinite, boundless loving - kindness)/

apwemaumif;&if ½kyfvJ vSw,f/ arwåm"mwfom ppfrSefwJhtvS

udk ay;w,f/ eHYomaygif'gawGu ppfrSefwJhtvSudk ray;bl;/

a'go&Sd&if rvSbl;/ t½kyfqdk; tusnf;wefwm a'gopdwf

arG;aevdkYyJ/ vufawGU prf;oyfMunfhyg/ odyfvSy acsmarmoludk

wkwfeJY½dkufMunfh? olpdwfqdk;wJh rsufESm[m odyft½kyfqdk;oGm;


w,f/ rvSawmhbl;/ udk,hfudkudk,fvJ tJ'Dvdk jyefavhusifhNyD;

jyKjyifMu/ arwåm"mwfomvQif tarT;qHk; xm0& eHYom aygif'g

rdwfuyf jzpfw,f/

urÇmppftwGif;eJY urÇmppftNyD;rSm vlawG[m vufeuf

pkaqmif;Mu? vufeuf xkwfvkyf Muw,f/ tiftm; NydKifMu

w,f/ aiGawG jzKef;ypfMuw,f/ ,ckacwftcgrSm arwåm"mwf

apwem"mwfawG qkwf,kwfvmMuw,f/ arwåmw&m;eJY ulnDMu

&r,f/ arwåm&Sif[m tNrJ vSyaew,f/ ydkufqHvJ rukefbl;/

t½kyfqdk;olawmif arwåmyGm;ae&if? pdwfaumif;&Sd&if

vSyaew,f? tZÑwåtvS tZÑwå ,Ofaus;rI? arwåmpdwf[m

odyfNyD; tpGrf;xufvdkY b,favmuf t½kyfqdk;qdk; acsmarm

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[lonf ouf&Sd owå0grSeforQ (ydk;rTm;tygt0if) owfjcif;udk

a&SmifMuOfrS wdusjynfh0 pHkvifaom w&m;awmf jzpfygw,f/

vlrowf&efom wpfzufxJqGJNyD; rwm;jrpfoifhbl;/ arwåmpdwf

qdkwm owå0g tm;vHk;tay:rSm NcHKiHkrd&r,f/ vlawG&JU 0rf;Adkuf

twGuf wd&pämefawGudk zefqif;xm;w,f qdkwm wpfzuf

apmif;eif; EdkifvSygw,f/


udk,fusifhw&m;ESifh arwåmudk oifay;Muyg

urÇmvufeuf avQmhaygh zsufodrf;a&;udk tvdk&SdMuvQif

vlwpfOD;pD&JU pdwfxJrSm&SdwJh owfcsifrIESifh qE´&m*pdwfudk

avQmhaygh zsufqD;ypf&r,f/ vlom;wdkif; £ómrpä&d,pdwf?

a'gopdwf? tmCmwpdwf arG;jrL e,fcsJUae&ifawmh vufeuf

zsufodrf;rI ratmifjrifEdkifyg/ vlom;[m qE´&m*ESifh

a'goaMumifh olwpfyg;EdkifiHudk rkef;wD;jcif; txifao;jcif;

jzpfw,f/ ighEdkifiHom tiftm; tBuD;qHk; taumif;qHk;vdkY

xifrSwfaeMuw,f/

'Dtjrif? 'Dpdwfaeoabmxm;udk y,fzsufvdkuf&if EdkifiH

tm;vHk;? vlrsKd;tm;vHk;udk cspfcifjrwfEdk; vmr,f/ EdkifiHtcsif;csif;

ppfwdkufp&m taMumif;r&Sdawmhbl;/ þenf;jzifh pdwfxJrSm

vufeuf zsufodrf;rIESifh urÇmNidrf;csrf;a&;udk &&SdEdkifygw,f/

c&pf,mef or®musrf;pmuvJ ]]oifwdkY tcsif;csif; ppfwdkuf

aeMujcif;rSm pdwfxJrSm &m*pdwf jzpfay:aevdkY y#dyu©


jzpfMuw,f}} vdkY xif&Sm;pGm azmfjyxm;w,f/ (bdkifbJvfusrf;rS

*sdrf;pwkwå tcef;? tydk'f 1 udk½I/) tpqHk; rdom;pk tdrfaxmifpk

tcsif;csif; y#dyu©uif;uGmNyD; arwåmpdwfarG;rS obm0 usyg

w,f/ wpfOD;pDNidrf;csrf;rS tdrfaxmifpkNidrf;csrf;w,f/ odkYrSom

EdkifiH Nidrf;csrf;w,f/ EdkifiHNidrf;csrf;rS urÇmMuD; Nidrf;csrf; w,f/

uREfkyfwdkY toD;oD;pdwfrSm vufeufzsufodrf;&r,f/

tjrifrSm; y,fowf&r,f/ avmb a'go udk z,f&Sm;&r,f/

'DpdwfawGtpm; arwåm"mwfESifh tNidrf;"mwfudk ay;ydkYae&r,f/

ausmif;om; vli,f b0upNyD; ,Ofaus;rIynm? udk,fusifh

pm&dwå oDvw&m;? arwåmw&m;udk oifjyay;Mu&r,f/

ppf0g'udk roifjyay;oifhbl;/ ppfpdwfudk arG;jrLray;oifhbl;/

,cktcg EdkifiHBuD;rsm;u pD;yGm;a&;awmifhwif;vmNyD;

ppfvufeufrsm; ydkrdk0,f,laeMuw,f/ þtajctaeqdk; jzpfay:

aejcif; taMumif;&if;rSm vlwpfOD;pDrSm qE´&m*pdwfESifh

a'gopdwf [laom vufeufrsm; wyfqifxm;aomaMumifh


jzpfygw,f/ EdkifiHtoD;oD;[m ppftiftm;wdk;csJU&ef jznfhwif;

aeMuygw,f/

e,fcsJUppfrSmusqHk;ol ol&Jaumif;

vltrsm;pkrSm trkef;pdwf tmCmwpdwf? qE´&m*pdwf

jzpfay:aeí ppfbk&ifrsm;? ppf½l;rsm; ay:xGufvm&jcif;om

jzpfw,f/ uREfkyfwdkY\ toHk;cH ud&d,m wefqmypönf;rsm;ozG,f

jzpfaeMu ygw,f/ EdkifiHu ppfvdkvm;vQif ppfbk&ifrsm;vJ

ay:xGufvmMu&rSmygyJ/ vltrsm;tay: pdwf"mwf pdwfvdIif;BuD;

rsm;onf emrfoabmtiftm;t& ysHUESHYoGm;ygw,f/ tjcm;vlrsm;

udkyif vTrf;rdk;jc,fvS,f qGJaqmifoGm;w,f/ ppfbk&ifrsm; vlxk

tBudKuf vdkufyg vkyfaqmifaejcif; jzpfw,f/ tcsKdU t&if;

&Sifrsm; vufeufxkwfolrsm;uvJ ppfwdkuf&ef qE´jyKMu&m ,if;

qE´vJ ysHUESHaew,f/ 'ghaMumifh tpdk;&rsm; ppfbk&ifrsm;udkcsnf;

tjypfrwifoifhbl;/


vltoD;oD; pdwfxJrSm&SdwJh qE´&m*pdwf? a'gopdwf?

avmb pdwfudkom tjypfwif&r,f/ uREfkyfwdkY toD;oD;rSm

ppfjzpfzdkY pdwf&SdvQif pdwfxJrSmyif ppfyGJay;aew,f/ a'gopdwf

aygufuGJaom tcg urÇmBuD;txd qufvuf jzpf&ygw,f/

EdkifiHcspfpdwf jyif;xefvmvQif y#dyu©vJ jyif;xefNyD;

owfjzwfrI ydkrsm;vmygw,f/ trsKd;om;0g'[m wpfcgwpf&H

tvGeftuRH jzpfwwfygw,f/ owif;pm? a&'D,dk? wDADGwdkYuvJ

aoG;xdk;ay;avh&Sd&m wdkufcdkufvdkpdwf ay:aygufvmMuygw,f/

taemufEdkifiH owif;pmrsm;rSm umra&m*? a'go? &mZ0wfrI

EdI;qGwJhowif;udk tom;ay;aeMuygw,f/ e,fcsJUppfyGJrSm

usqHk;vQif ol&Jaumif;vdkY csD;usL;aeMuw,f/ arwåm"mwf

ukefcef;vmMuw,f/

bkef;BuD; tDwvDjynfrSm &[ef;b0 a&muf&SdaepOf tDwvD

tmPmydkifwdkY\ rlqdkvdkeD\ Oya't& ppfxJr0if rae&

jy|mef;rIESihf BuHKawGU&ygw,f/ xdktcg bkef;BuD;xH vma&mufNyD;


ppfxJ0if&ef ajymMu&m &[ef;qdkwm ppfrwdkuf? ppfrIrxrf;&vdkY

jyefvnf ajymjyvdkufygw,f/ xdktcgu bkef;BuD;touf 27

ESpf? 1926 ckESpfu jzpfygw,f/ Ak'¨w&m;awmft& &[ef;qdkwm

jcifwpfaumif? ,ifwpfaumufrQ rowf&ygvdkY ajymjyvdkuf

ygw,f/

bkef;BuD; tDwvDEdkifiHrSm arG;zGm;aomfvnf; EdkifiHtm;vHk;udk

cspfjrwfEdk;ygw,f/ Ak'¨a'oemudk arwåmu½kPmvrf;pOfjzpfvdkY

owå0gtm;vHk; BuD;BuD;i,fi,f apmifha&Smuf&ygw,f/

tmPmydkifwdkYu wpfem&DMumatmif ppfxJ0if&ef aoG;aqmifMu

aomfvJ bkef;BuD;u w&m;jy jiif;y,fNyD; atmifjrifrIudk

&,lvdkufygw,f/ bkef;BuD;udk zrf;qD;axmifcsjcif; rjyKawmhyg/

xdkpOfu ppfxJr0ifvQif axmifwpfoufwpfuRef; tjypf'Pf

ay;avh&Sdygw,f/

vlwdkif; Ak'¨bmomudk odjrifem;vnfNyD; arwåmu½kPm

pdwf&SdMu&if ppfjzpf&ef taMumif; r&Sdyg/ e,fcsJUppfyGJtwGuf


ppfxJr0ifoifhyg/ owfjzwf&efudpöudk pufqkwf&GH&Sm oifhMu

ygw,f/ 'Dbmoma&;ynmudk i,f&G,fpOfuyif oifMum;ydkYcs

ay;oifhygw,f/ vli,fwdkYudk aoewfusnfqH upm;p&mrsm;

ray;oifhygbl;/ ppft0wf r0wfay;oifhygbl;/ olrsm;udk cspfcif

&ef oifjy oifhygw,f/ i,fpOfu udk,fcsif;pmw&m; oifjy

oifhygw,f/ Ak'¨a'oemrSm udk,fusKd;&Sm twåqHrI r&Sdygbl;/

'gaMumifh oufowfvGwfpm;jcif;jzifh &ufpuf Murf;MuKwf

pdwfudk csKd;ESdrfNyD; arwåm yGm;Edkifygw,f/ oufowfvGwf tpm

tm[m& auR;jcif;jzifh jcaoFhrsm;? usm;rsm;yif ,Ofaus;odrfarGY

vmaMumif; a,m*D c&pf&Sem;*sD;u oufaojyw,f/ vlom;u

ydkNyD; ,Ofaus;odrfarGY oifhygw,f/ tom;pm;vQif &ufpuf

Murf;MuKwfaMumif; awGU&ygw,f/ tDp&mac:wJh *sL;bmoma&;

acgif;aqmifu ]EGm;udk owfvQif vludkowfwmeJY twlwlyJ} vdkY

ajymcJhygw,f/ uREfkyfwdkYu EGm;udkowfcsifvQif vludkvnf;

owfcsifrSmyJvdkY ajymjyvdkygw,f/


ppfrjzpfrDu pm&if;t& tom;pm;aom taemuf

EdkifiHrsm;[m tom;rpm;aom £Ed´, EdkifiHxuf &mZ0wfrI

&Spfqydkrdkrsm;aMumif; awGY&ygw,f/ csDum*dkNrdKUBuD;[m urÇm

ay:rSm &mZ0wfrI trsm;qHk;NrdKUBuD;vJ jzpfaeygw,f/ a'gufwm

t&rfa';uvJ ppfrjzpf&ef oufowfvGwf pm;oifhaMumif;?

pD;yGm;a&; jyKjyifrIESifh r&aMumif; &Sif;jyxm;ygw,f/ owå0gudk

owfjzwf pm;aomufaeol[m vludkvJowfzdkY 0efrav;ygbl;/

tom;pm;rI\ qdk;usKd;rsm;

toifwdkY[m wd&pämef owå0grsm;udk ppfaMujim wdkufcdkuf

aeaomtcg vlvlcsif;vJ ppfaMujim wdkufcdkufaejcif;yif

jzpfygw,f/ tm;vHk;[m owåavmurSm owå0gcsnf;jzpfvdkY

qufpyf aeygw,f/ owåaA'ynm? ZD0aA'ynm tm;vHk;u

owå0gcsif; oabmobm0 wlnDrI&SdaMumif; oifjyaeygw,f/

tu,fíom uRJ? EGm;? 0uf? Muuf? iSufrsm;u pum;

ajymwwfvQif olwdkYudk owfrpm;zdkY ajymMuayvdrfhrnf/


vl[m tom;pm;jcif;aMumifh ydkNyD; &ufpufvmyHkrSm yxr

urÇmppfBuD;rSm tqdyf"mwfaiGU oHk;pGJJjcif;? 'kwd, urÇmppfBuD;rSm

tPkjrLAHk; oHk;pGJjcif;jzihf xif&Sm;ygw,f/ wd&pämefudk rowf

rn§Of;qJrSom vludkvJ rowf rn§Of;qJyJ aexdkifMu&vdrfhr,f/

taysmfwrf; trJvdkuf iSufypform;? om;owform;&,fvdkY

r&Sdoifhygbl;/ or®mtmZD0jzihfom toufarG;jrLoifhMuygw,f/

rdpämZD0 ig;yg;t& xif&Sm;ygw,f/

ppfjzpfapwJh taMumif;w&m;wpfckrSmvJ EdkifiH tajrmuf

tjrm;rSm t&ufaopm ydkrdkxkwfvkyfaeNyD; t&ufqdkifrsm; wdk;csJU

zGifhvSpf a&mif;csaerIyif jzpfygw,f/ t&uf[m pdwfudk awGa0

xdkif;rdIif;apNyD; trSefw&m;udk rod rusifhEdkifawmhyg? a'go

cufxefrIudkvJ tm;ay;aeawmh ppfjzpfzdkY jyifqifrIyif jzpfae

ygw,f/ a&onfom vlYtwGuf taumif;qHk; toifhawmfqHk;

t&nfjzpfygw,f/ pdwfNidrfrSom urÇmBuD; Nidrf&ayvdrfhr,f/


vufeufavQmhcs zsufodrf;a&; udpöatmifjrif&ef t&uf

raomufoihfMuyg/

txufuqdkcJhonfhtwdkif; qE´&m* umr*kPf ESpfoufrI

[m ppfjzpf&jcif;&JU t"dutaMumif; jzpfw,fqdkwm rarh

oifhbl;/ Ak'¨a'oemu 'Dudpöudk y,fzsuf pGefYvTwfa&;vkyfief;

ESifh arwåm"mwf yGm;rsm;rI vkyfief;ESpfckudk vkyfMu&ef vrf;nTef

aom urÇmYbmomBuD; jzpfw,f/ wPSmavmb pdwfaMumifh

a'gojzpf&wm xif&Sm;ygw,f/ 'Gg&ajcmufyg; tm½kHajcmufyg;rSm

wPSmvmuyfaewmudk udk,fpDudk,fiS owdjyKNyD; csKyfwnf;

y,fzsuf&r,f/ urÇmBuD; avb? a'go? arm[rD;rsm;

avmifuRrf;aeonfrSmvJ xif&Sm;ygw,f/ ppfwdkufaeMuwm

urÇmBuD; rD;avmifaewm jzpfw,f/ tm;vHk; 'ku©a&mufMu

&ygw,f/ xdkYtwl umr*kPfudk pGJuyfrIonfvJ rD;avmifaerIyJ

jzpfygw,f/ umrtm½kH[m rD;yJvdkY jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlcJh


ygw,f/ qE´&m*pdwfr&SdvQif a'gopdwfvnf; r&Sdawmhyg/

avmbrD;Nidrf;vQif a'gorD;vnf; Nidrf;ygw,f/

emrftm[m& csKdUwJhaeaom urÇmBuD;

zóajcmufyg;aMumifh wPSmajcmufyg;jzpfNyD; Oyg'gefawG

qufvuf jzpfay:aeygw,f/ &SmrSD;jcif;? odrf;,lxm;jcif;?

qHk;jzwfjcif; jzpfaeMuygw,f/ (ouúyÚ§mokwf)/ xdkYaMumifh

Ak'¨a'oemawmfu urÇmh vufeuf zsufodrf;a&;twGuf

pdwfjyKjyifa&; tjrifrSefa&;udk a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ cEDÅ?

arwåm? opömw&m;udk cH,lem;vnf usifhoHk;&ef enf;vrf;rsm;

ay;awmfrlygw,f/

Oyrm vlqdk;"m;jyu oifhudk vTESifhjzwfaeqJ owfaeqJ

rSmyif oifonf xdkvlqdk;"m;jyudk trsufa'gu rxGuf&ef

usifhoHk;&r,f/ xdkoludk a'goxGufaeao;vQif jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU

pum;udk em;axmifol r[kwfao;/ a,½Ic&pfawmf ray:rD tESpf

600 ausmfuyif cEDÅw&m;udk a[mMum;cJhygw,f/ vlowf


orm;udk onf;cHae½HkrQru? olYudk arwåmawG yGm;&rnfvdkY Ak'¨u

qufvufnTefMum; enf;ay;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

"If Villainous bandits were to carve you limb from limb

with a two-handed saw, even then the man who gives way to

anger would not be obeying my Teaching"

a,½Ic&pfawmfuvJ ]]oifhudk &efolu nmbufyg;wpfzuf

vm½dkufvQif b,fbufyg; wpfzufyg ay;vdkufNyD; qufí

t½dkufcHvdkufyg/ &efoludk cspfjrwfEdk;Muavmh}} vdkY rdefYrSm

a<u;aMumfxm;ygw,f/

" Love thy enemy. If thy enemy should strike you on the

Right cheek, turn unto him the left."

Ak'¨a'oemawmfu uRJ?EGm;wd&pämef MuufiSuftxd

arwåmxm; apmifha&SmufNyD; ygPmwdygwuHudk xdef;Mu&ef

owday;xm;ygw,f/ a'goudk arwåmESifh wHkYjyefygvdkY

qdkvdkygw,f/ vlvlcsif; rowfjzwf rn§if;qJ&ef? arwåmjzifh


apmifha&Smuf&ef ukodkvf? tukodkvfudk wdwdusus cGJjcm;

a[mMum;cJhygw,f/

,ckacwfum; vli,f ajrmufjrm;pGmuyif umr*kPfig;yg;

tvGef vdkufpm;MuNyD; ½kyfcE¨m twGuf tm[m&rsm;pGm

pm;aomufaeMuw,f/ emrfcE¨mtwGuf vdr®m,Ofaus;rI

todÚmPf ynm pdwftm[m&udkawmh auR;arG;ol? pm;aomufol

enf;yg;vSygw,f/ ½kyftm[m& rpm;vQif ½kyfydefcsKH;oGm;½Hkom

&Sdr,f/ emrftm[m& rpm;vQifawmh b0tqufquf

'ku©a&mufMu? ab;tEå&m,f awGYMu&vdrfhr,f/ urÇmBuD;[m

emrftm[m& csKdUwJhaew,f/ qmavmif rGwfodyf aew,f/

emrftm[m& pm;Mu? auR;arG;Mu? vª'gef;MuvdkY ajymvdkygw,f/

taomuESifh tm&Stvif;a&mif

vufeufzsufodrf;a&;? urÇmNidrf;csrf;a&; udpörSm atmifjrif

ol &Sdygovm;/ urÇmordkif;rSm rZÑdra'o &Sifbk&ifBuD;

taomu rif;w&m;BuD;[m arwåmu½kPmjzifh atmifjrifcJh


ygw,f/ tpydkif; trSefrodrD uvd*Fwdkif;udk ppfwdkufodrf;,l&m

vlwpfodef; aoaus&? vlwpfoef;ig;odef; ppfoHkYyef; uRefjzpf&?

tdk;tdrfaxmifaygif;rsm;pGm ysufpD;&í oHa0*pdwf jzpfay:vm

ygw,f/ 'ghaMumifh b,fawmhrS ppfrwdkufawmhbl;/ ppfESifh

atmifjrifrIudk r,lawmhbl;qdkNyD; "r®0dZ,w&m;ESifhom

atmifjrifrI ,lcJhygw,f/ aemufxyf rnfonfhEdkifiHudkrQ

rwdkufcdkufbJ "r®todÓPf jzefYa0&ef omoemjyKrsm;udk

udk;wdkif;udk;XmeodkY apvTwfawmfrlcJhw,f/ Ak'¨omoemonf

taomu rif;BuD;\ apwemvHkYvwdkYaMumifh urÇmhbmomBuD;

jzpfvmygw,f/

taomu rif;w&m;BuD;onf urÇmhordkif;wGif ppfwdkufwm

rSm;aMumif; yxrqHk; 0efcHol awmif;yefol? yxrqHk; vla&m

wd&pämefawGtwGufyg aq;½HkawG? opfyifawG/ a&csrf;pifawG

aqmufvkyfol? yxrqHk; wd&pämefrsm;udk owfpm;&mrS NcdK;NcH


pm;ol jzpfygw,f/ tcsKdUu owfowfvGwf pm;aeawmhw,fvdkY

qdkygw,f/

qmtm'GiftmEdk;&JU urÇmausmf ]tm&Swdkuf\tvif;a&mif}

r[muAsmBuD;rSm -

]]Ak'¨omoemawmfomvQif urÇmharQmfvifh tm;xm;p&m?

teEåarwåm? taumif;qHk; yef;wdkif? vlom;\ tjrwfqHk;

pGrf;tif[lí uAsmzGJYNyD; csD;usL;cJhygw,f/ rSefygw,f/

omoemjyK? omoemjzefYcsd&mrSm twif;tusyf bmom

odrf;oGif;rI? r,HkMunf vufrcHvQif owfjzwfrI? bmoma&;

u½l;qdwfac: ppfyGJqifEGJrI vHk;0r&Sd? Ak'¨bmomaMumifh 2500

c&D;wpfavQmuf aoG;wpfpufrQ ruscJhyg/ Ak'¨bmomomvQif

bmoma&;ppfyGJrS uif;vGwfygw,f/ rdrdbmomxJ r0ifvQifvJ

ESdyfpufn§Of;yrf;rI rjyKyg/}}

"Buddhism is the Religion which has in it the Eternity of

a Universal Hope, The immortality of aboundless love, an


indestruc-tible Element of Faithin final Good, and the

proudest Assertion ever made of Human Freedom! It is the

Proud boast of Buddhism that not a single drop of blood has

ever been shed in the name of Lord Buddha during the 2500

years of its existence."

(The Light of Asia)

uvJhpm; racscsifMuygESifh

jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]rdrdudk,fudk atmifEdkifjcif;omvQif tBuD;

rm;qHk; atmifjrifrI jzpfw,f}} vdkY a[mMum;cJhygw,f/ ]]ppfyGJ

wpfaxmifwpfaomif;rSm atmifjrifolxuf rdrdpdwfudk atmifjrif

olu taumif;qHk; tjrwfqHk;aom atmifjrifrIudk &ol}} vdkY

"r®y' ygVdawmfrSm yg&Sdygw,f/

a[m o[óH o[aóe?

o*Fgar rmEkao Zdae/

{uÍö aZ,s}rwåmeH?


o a0 o*FgrZkwåarm/ ("r®y' - 130/)

"If a man in battle conquers

A thousand times a thousand men,

And another conquers himself alone.

He indeed is the Greatest Conqueror."

'ghaMumifh udk,f? EIwf? pdwfudkyif trSm;aysmuf&ef ppfwdkuf

ae&ygw,f/ pdwfudkEdkifrS urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&; &r,f/ rdrd t,lrSm;?

raumif;pdwfudkom rdrd jyefvnf wdkufcdkuf y,fowf&r,fvdkY

qdkvdkygw,f/ cED̈? arwåm? opömpdwfudk yGm;&efrSm tprSm

cufovdk xif&aomfvJ w&m;od enf;vrf;odvQif rcufyg/

Oyrm jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]a'goudk a'goeJY ajzvdkYrajybl;/

rNidrf;bl;/ a'goudk arwåmeJYajzrS ajyw,f? Nidrf;at;w,f}} vdkY

a[mwJhtwdkif; tNrJ pdwfudk owdxm;aevQif cEÅD? arwåm?

opöm[m vG,fulvmygw,f/ vltrsm;&JU t,lrSm; 'd|du

a'goudk a'goeJY? &efoludk &efwHkYrIeJY ajz&Sif;csifMuw,f?


rSm;,Gif;wJh 0g'jzpfw,f/ urÇmhed,mrw&m;ESifh qefYusifw,fvdkY

jrwfpGmbk&m;u qHk;rawmf rlcJhygw,f/

e[d a0a&e a0&med?

or®EDÅ}" uk'gpeH/

ta0a&e p orEåd?

{o "ar®m oeEÅaem/ ("r®y' - 5/)

"Never indeed by hatred,

Does hatred cease here ever;

By Love alone hatred can cease here;

This is the Law for ever."

xdkYaMumifh ao'Pf tjypfay;jcif;udkvJ a&SmifMuOf &ygr,f/

owfoludk jyefvnf owfypfjcif;[m ed,mr"r® w&m;t&

rSm;,Gif;aeygw,f/ owfoludk rowfbJ axmifcs? w&m;a[m

jyKjyif&if vlaumif; jzpfEdkifygw,f/ þtusifhaumif;&SdrS


urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;udk &Mur,f/ arwåm apwem rukefcef;

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ajrjyifrSm wdkufcdkufowfwm uGm[rI r&Sdyg/

urÇmhacgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;xH arwåm&yfcJh

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owfoludk touf jyefowf&r,f}} vdkY qdkvdkygw,f/

odkYaomf a,½lc&pfawmf ay:xGef;vmaomtcg þ

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rwHkYjyef&? rckcH&? uvJhpm;racs&}} [laom bmomw&m;

ay:xGef;vmygw,f/ jyefvnf uvJhpm;acsaevQif urÇmppfBuD;


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cGifhvTwfrSom Nidrf;csrf; Edkifygw,f/ 'ghaMumifh aopm;aoap

Oya'udk zsufodrf;oifhygNyD/

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bkef;BuD;u EdkifiHacgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;xHodkY Nidrf;csrf;a&;&&ef

pma&; awmif;yefcJhygw,f/ ppfjzpfvQif &yfwefYzdkY cJ,Of;ygw,f/

'ghaMumifh EdkifiHtoD;oD;&Sd &Sifbk&ifrsm;? 0efBuD;csKyfrsm;?

acgif;aqmifrsm;xH todtjrifrSefzdkY pm toD;oD; a&;ydkY

vdkufw,f/

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<uaeMuí qifjcifwHkw&m;? orm"d? owdynmrsm; r&SdMu

awmhyg/


a'go cufxefaecdkuf qHk;r& cufcJygw,f/ Oyrm tvGef

ajy;oGm;aeaom jrif;&xm;udk vufn§Kd;uav;eJY qGJNyD;&yfzdkY

cufcJovdk jzpfcJhygw,f/ odkYaomf xdko0PfvTm[m tusKd;rJh

r[kwfyg/ aemifwGif owdoHa0*&apzdkY taMumif;jzpfapygw,f/

tdk vlom;rsm;wdkY - arwåm"mwf ydkYovdkufygw,f/

bmaMumifh oifwdkY ppfwdkufaeMuoenf;/ e,fajronf bmrQ

wefzdk; r&Sdyg/ vl\ toufom wefzdk;te*¢ &Sdygw,f/

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rsufpduef;aeMuygw,f/ vl\aoG; ajrusrIonf ork'´&m

a&avmuf jzpfaeNyD;? e,fajr&&efudpöonf vlom;toufESifh

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rdom;pkrsm;\ rsuf&nfonfvnf; ork'´&ma&vdk aygrsm;aeygNyD/

ppf\ 'Pf&m'PfcsufwdkYrSm awmfawmfESifh raysmufwnfhEdkifyg/

odkYjzpfí bkef;BuD;[m Ak'¨&JUpum;udk em;raxmifrIxuf

towfcH&rIudk vdkvm;ygw,f/ Ak'¨&JU taumif;qHk; oifjyrI


jzpfwJh onf;cHrI? arwåmpdwfxm;rI? u½kPm pdwfxm;rI

'DoHk;rsKd;udk vdkufemNyD; toufyJ taocHygw,f/ oifwdkY[m

acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm; jzpfaeMuaomfvJ udk,f? EIwf? pdwf

r,Ofaus;Mu? vl½dkif;rsm; jzpfaeMuygw,f/ vltcsif;csif;

wd&pämefvdk owfjzwfaeMuNyD; ½dkif;pkdif;rI xdyfqHk;a&mufaeygjyD/

vlYb0[m owfwrf;wdkwdkuav;/ aovG,f aysmufvG,f

vSygw,f/ 'ku©awG tjynfh&SdNyD; jzpfaew,f/ rdrdtusKd;twGuf

a'goxGufNyD; olwpfyg;udk owfaeMuwm[m trSefopömw&m;

rodrI? arm[t0dZÆm rsufpduef;rIaMumifhom jzpfygw,f/

oifwdkY[m oifwdkY&JU rdb aqGrsKd;awGudkyJ owfaeMu

wmyg/ &efoludk owfaewm r[kwfygbl;/ þtcsufudk oifwdkY

rodrjrifMuygbl;/ EdkifiHtm;vHk; rdwfaqGEdkifiHcsnf;om jzpfMu

ygw,f/ avmb? a'go? arm[pdwf tjrifaMumifh &efol

EdkifiHrsm;vdkY xifrSwfaeMuwmyg/ rdwfaqGudk owfypfaeMu


wmyg/ oifwdkY&JU &efoltppf[m oifwdkY&JU [',pdwfxJrSm

&SdaewJh avmb? a'go? arm[ w&m;qdk;oHk;rsKd;yif jzpfygw,f/

'k|*grPd\ pD;csif;wdkufyGJ

aAm"dowå bk&m;avmif;u ]]uREfkyfonf qGJaqmif

vSnfhywfpdwfudk &ifqdkif wdkuf&mrSm tm½Hkaemuf vdkufygNyD;

touf&Sifae&wmxuf ao&wmu omvGef rGefjrwfygw,f}}

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ppfrwdkuf? rdwfaqGrsm;ESifh cspfcifpGmaexdkifNyD; ol&JUudavomudk

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aAm"dowå bk&m;avmif;&JU rdefYqdkcsuf jzpfygw,f/

&Sifbk&ifawGqdkwm tcsif;csif; ppfxdk;zdkY 0goemygMuw,f/

rdrd twGif;pdwfxJ&SdwJh avmb? a'go? arm[ &efoludkawmh

ppfxdk;&aumif;rSef; rodMuyg/ tjyif&efoludk oGm;owfMurnfh

tpm;? twGif;&efoludk udk,fwdkifowfaevQif wdkif;oljynfom;

tm;vHk; csrf;om&m &Muygvdrfhr,f/ a&S;tcgu rvTJomvdkY


ppfxdk;&wJh 'k|*grPdrif;eJY {Vm&aus;rif;wdkY[m wdkif;ol

jynfom; ppfom;rsm;udk iJhn§mNyD; pD;csif;xdk;Muygw,f/ rqdkifwJh

ol raoMu&bl;/ ,ckacwfrSmawmh EdkifiHom;tm;vHk; ppfyGJrSm

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vlESpfa,mufom usqHk;NyD; usefvlrsm; aysmf&Tif csrf;ajrYpGm

aeMu&ygw,f/

,ck ESpfq,f&mpkacwfwGif trsm;pku odyÜHynm? enf;ynm

xGef;um;rIudk MunfhNyD; acwfvlawG ynm&SdNyD; vdr®m,Ofaus;

Muw,fvdkY ajymqdkaeMuw,f/ wu,fawmh a&S;aacwf

vlawGu ydkNyD; vdr®m,Ofaus;Muygw,f/ ol&Jaumif; tmZmenf

qdkonfrSm rdrdudk,fudk csKyfwnf;Edkifoludk qdkvdkygw,f/

ppfajrjyif wdkufyGJrSm usqHk;olawG b,fbHkb0 a&mufMu&rvJ/

ppfyGJqdkwm 0rf;enf; ausuGJzG,f&mtwd jzpfw,f/ olrsm;udk


owfjzwf&wmudk aysmf&TifrI rjzpfoifhyg/ urÇmrSm ppfyGJawG

rsm;jym;vGef;í awmfavmufygjyD/

[d&DMowåyÜ r&Sd? t&SufrJhpGm urÇmudk tkyfpdk;ydkifo&aomfvJ

tESpfom& r&Sdyg/ 'guawmh Ak'¨omoem&JU qdkvdk&if; t"dyÜm,f

jzpfygw,f/ urÇmudk wdkufcdkufodrf;,l tkyfpdk;&rI[m &Sufp&m

udpövdkY Ak'¨bmomu jrifodem;vnfygw,f/ Oyrm awrd

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aomfvJ i&JrSm tESpf&Spfaomif; tvl;tvJ usa&muf cHpm;cJh

&w,f/ Zmwdó&ÓPfjzifhodNyD; ypöKyÜef awrdrif;om;b0rSm

pum;rajymbJ wkPdSbma0 qdwfqdwf aeygw,f/

ppfEdkifolu 0rf;omaysmf&TifaomfvJ ppf½HI;olu 0rf;enf;NyD;

tNrJ tmCmwpdwf 0ifaeygw,f/ toem;cHoludk rodrf;ydkuf

rtkyfpdk;oifhyg/ 'g... Ak'¨&JY tqHk;tryg/


urÇmrSm tatmifjrifqHk;yk*¾dKvf\ erlem

u½kPmpdwf[lonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ *kPft*Fgyif jzpfyg

w,f/ vlom;uvJ u½kPmpdwf &SdrSomvQif u½kPmw&m;u

rQwrIESifh qufpyfay;oGm;r,f/ EdkifiHwdkif; ]Nidrf;csrf;a&;

vdkcsifygonf} [k ajymqdkaeMuaomfvJ avmb rowfEdkifawmh

ppfwdkufMujyefw,f/ ppfNyD;vdkY ysufpD;qHk;½HI;rI? aoG;acsmif;pD;rIudk

jrif&jyefawmh Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk awmif;qdkvmMujyefw,f/ vlom;

&JU twårpä&d, pdwfwdkY[m tawmrowfEdkifMubl;/ wd&pämefudk

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ppfjzpfwm[m A[d'¨rD;avmifrI? avmbBuD;wm? a'gBuD;wm?

arm[ - rdkufrJwm tpÑwårD;avmifrI/ tZÑwåpdwfaMumifh

A[d'¨rSm ppf&,fvdkY jzpfay:vmwmygyJ/

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&w,f/ emrfydkif;qdkif&m todw&m;&SdwJh pdwf[m vdr®m

,Ofaus;pdwfjzpfí ppfrjzpf&ef wm;qD; y,fzsufay;ygw,f/


wpfurÇmvHk; udavom rD;awmufavmifaeMu&m bmomw&m;

"r®,Ofaus;rIom tm;udk;&m ajzaq;&Sdygw,f/ bmomw&m;

"r®,Ofaus;rI uif;rJhvQif vlom;&JU a&SUa&;[m arQmfvifhcsuf

r&Sdawmhyg/

urÇmrSm atmifyGJtBuD;qHk;&olrSm a*gwrAk'¨ jrwfpGmbk&m;

yif jzpfygw,f/ pdwfudk tpdk;&vQif urÇmudk tpdk;&ygw,f/

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*&drS tvuúZE´mrif;? a&mrrS qDZmbk&if? jyifopfrS eydkvD,H

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olrsm; rpGrf;aqmifEdkifwmudk atmifjrifrSom tBuD;qHk;

taumif;qHk; atmifjrifrIudk &&Sdol jzpfygw,f/ arwåmESifh opöm

tusifht&omvQif atmifyGJcH,lEdkifygw,f/ ppfrSef rGefjrwfaom

atmifyGJBuD; jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Ak'¨jrwfpGmomvQif wu,fh


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wpfurÇmvHk;odkY arwåm"mwf ydkYvTwf ae&r,f/ pdwfxJrSm

arwåmbufx&Dtiftm; oGif;Muyg/ pMum0VmtESHY arwåm"mwf

ysHUESHYap&r,f/ arwåmokwfygVdawmfrSm -

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qHk;rawmfrlcJhygw,f/ þusifhpOfjzihf pdwfoefY&Sif;NyD; tm;vHk;

Nidrf;csrf;rI &EdkifMuygw,f/

yxr? 'kwd, urÇmppfBuD;omru jynfwGif;ppfyGJrsm;rSm

aoMu? ausMu? 'ku©a&mufMuaom owå0gtm;vHk; arwåmw&m;

ydkYoí csrf;om&ef qkawmif;ygw,f? or®ma'0 ewfaumif;


ewfjrwfrsm; þavmuudk apmifha&Smuf Munfh½IMuyg/

avmuygvewfrsm;u ulnDapmifha&SmufMuyg/ ppfonf

þurÇmrS yaysmufoGm;ygap/

txufyg o0PfvTmrSm 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;twGif;u

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bkef;BuD; wm0ef0wå&m; ausygNyD/ txufyg o0PfvTmudk

EdkifiHtrsm;odkY ay;ydkYjcif;jzifh ppf&yfpJroGm;aomfvJ bkef;BuD;[m

taumif;qHk; BudK;pm;vkyfaqmifcJhí auseyfrI &ygw,f/

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&Sdygw,f/

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todpifaom urÇmjzpfygap[k arQmifhvifhcsuf xm;&ygr,f/

tm;wufae&r,f/ arwåmpdwfyGm;aevQif arwåm"mwf ysHYESHYae


ygw,f/ tydkif;tjcm;r&Sd? vlwef;pm;cGJjcm;rI? tom;ta&mif

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rvGJawmhygbl;/

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edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufjyKEdkifMuygap/

om"k.... om"k.... om"k


puFmyl Ak'¨bmomtoif;rS ygVdoifwef;om;rsm;\

BudKqdk*kPfjyKvTm

(1947-ckESpf? Mo*kwfv 21&uf/)

½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m; -

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wynfhawmfwdkYxH <ua&mufawmfrljcif;udk aus;Zl;wif 0rf;ajrmuf

&ygonf bk&m;/

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bk&m;/ wynfhawmfwdkY\ ,HkrSm;oHo,udk t&Sifbk&m;\ ynm

ÓPfjzihf y,fazsmufay;½Hkomru b0todÓPf ynm&&Sd&ef


qufvuf tm;opfBudK;yrf;&ef qE´udkvnf; jzpfay:apygonf

bk&m;/

t&Sifbk&m;\ Oy"d ½kyftoGiftjyift&vnf; vlwdkif;

pdwf0ifpm;NyD; MunfñdkrI &SdMuygonf bk&m;/

t&Sifbk&m;\ rGefjrwfaom "r®'lw Ak'¨omoem jzefYcsDrI

vkyfief;onf urÇmodkY todÓPf tvif;a&mifay;NyD; 'ku©qif;&J

tzHkzHkrS vGwfajrmufapaom enf;vrf;vnf; yg&Sdí tvGefyif

ESpfaxmif;tm;& 0rf;omMu&ygonfbk&m;/

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toif;om;rsm; vª'gef;aom ypönf;rsm;udk vufcHawmfrlyg&ef

awmif;yefygonfbk&m;/ puFmyl Ak'¨bmomtoif;\ 0rf;ajrmuf

aus;Zl;wifrI t& vª'gef;ygonfbk&m;/ ,ck tcrf;tem;udk

atmifjrifatmif aqmif&Guf BuD;Muyfay;aom q&mawmf

]r[m0D&} udkvnf; aus;Zl;wifygaMumif; azmfjy avQmufxm;

tyfygonf bk&m;/


oaAÁowåm ta0&m a[mEÅK/ /

ygVdoifwef;om;rsm;

(apmvGefqD? 0labmcsL? vlbGefudG? atmifqef[dk? 0dqif*Gef/)

(ygVdtoif;ol toif;om;rsm;tm; q&mawmfu

]ax&0g' *kPf&nf} w&m;udk a[mMum; csD;jr§ifhawmfrlonf/)


8/ ax&0g'*kPf&nf w&m;awmf

,aeYn a[m&r,fh taMumif;u ax&0g'*kPf&nf

taMumif; jzpfw,f/ ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom qdkwm awmifydkif;

Ak'¨bmom jzpfNyD;? ajrmufydkif; Ak'¨bmomudk r[m,mevdkY

ac:w,f/ ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom&JU tprlv a[mMum;ol[m

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jrwfpGmbk&m;[m ]a'0gwd a'0} jzpfNyD;? ax&0g' omoem

w&m;udk a[mMum;w,f/ 'gaMumifh taemufEdkifiH okawoDrsm;

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ax&0g'&JU *kPfa&mifBuD;ygyJ/ yd#uwfoHk;yHk edu,fig;&yfudk


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ajym&if &[ef;awmf tcsif;csif; em;vnfMuw,f/ 'gaMumifh

ygVd[m urÇmYbmomyJ/

ax&0g'&[ef;udpö ESpfck

ax&0g' omoemrSm &[ef;&JU wm0efu ESpfckyJ&Sdw,f/

ygVd y&d,wådpmay oif,lydkYcs avhvmrIeJY 0dyóem y#dywåd

w&m;tm;xkwfrIyJ? *E¦"k&eJY 0dyóem"k& ESpfyg;vdkYac:w,f/

r[m,me omoemrSmusawmh r[m,me &[ef;awGrSm

vkyfief;wm0efawG ½Iyf½IyfaxG;axG; &SdMuw,f/ r[m,me

yd#uwfuvJ ½IyfaxG;aew,f/

ax&0g' &[ef;u &[ef;jzpfzdkY t*Fgig;yg;ESifhtnD &[ef;

jyKNyD;rS ig;ESpfcefY yd#uwfawmf y&d,wådpmayudk oif,l rSwfom;

NyD;aemuf ESpfrsm;pGm jyefvnfydkYcs oifay;avh &Sdw,f/


'grSr[kwf 0dyóemtm;xkwfzdkY wm0eft& q&mvkyfolu

ur®|mef;av;q,fxJu BudKuf&m ur®|mef;wpfckckudk ay;NyD;

w&m;tm;xkwf cdkif;w,f/ awm&aqmufwnfNyD; qdwfNidrf&m

opfyifatmufrSm bm0em yGm;rsm;NyD; t&[wår*fzdkvfÓPf&zdkY

BudK;pm;w,f/ oHo&m'ku©u vGwfzdkY &nf½G,fcsuf &Sdw,f/

'Db0rSm edAÁmef&&r,f/ tJ'Dvdk ax&0g'omoemrSm wduswJh

y&d,wådpmay oif,lrIeJY w&m; tm;xkwfNyD; ckb0rSm t&d,m

jzpfzdkY tvkyfESpfckyJ &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;&Sdygw,f/

orxESifh 0dyóem

ax&0g' omoemrSm xl;jcm;csufu -

1/ &[EÅmtjzpfESifh edAÁmef&rI om0u aAm"dqk?

2/ yapöu Ak'¨tjzpfESifh edAÁmef&rI yapöu aAm"dqk?

3/ bk&m;tjzpfESifh edAÁmef&rI or®m oar®m"dqk vdkY aAm"d

oHk;rsKd; BudKufovdk a½G;cs,fNyD; edAÁmef&,lEdkifygw,f/ 'kv’b


w&m;ig;yg;eJY BuHKBudKufaepOfrSm jrefjref oHo&m0#f'ku©u

uRwfvGwfzdkY ta&;BuD;w,f/ 'gaMumifh orxtvkyf? 0dyóem

tvkyfwdkYudk yGm;rsm; avhusifhMu&r,f/

orxqdkwm ur®|mef;tm½Hk wpfckrSm pdwfupl;pdkuf

wnfMunfrIudk qdkvdkw,f/ psmefw&m;&&if orxac: orm"d

odyftm;aumif;vdkY 0dyóem½I&mrSm tultnDjzpfw,f/ psmef&NyD;

cE¨mig;yg;&JU vu©Pma&;oHk;yg; tedpö? 'ku©? tewåw&m;udk

½IrSwfae&if edAÁmef jrefjref&w,f/ pdwfu wnfNidrf Munfvif

aevdkY orx odkYr[kwf orm"dvdkY ac:NyD; tvGef tqifhjrifh&if

psmefvdkY ac:w,f/ ½dk;½dk;pdwfu awmufyNyD; tvGeftm;

aumif;vmawmh vu©©Pma&;oHk;yg; ajymif;½I&if xifxif&Sm;&Sm;

jrifvG,fw,f/ aAm"dÓPf&zdkY taxmuftyHh jzpfvmw,f/

wu,fvdkY psmeform"drsKd;txd &,lzdkY cufcJ&if orm"d

r*¾ifudkyJ pwif avhusifh&w,f/ jrifrI? Mum;rI? eHrI? vsufrI?

xdrI? odrI? ocFg&w&m;ay:rSm vu©Pma&;oHk;yg; ½IrSwf


ae&w,f/ psmefr&aomfvJ owdr*¾ifeJY 0dyóemw&m;

½IrSwfvdkY&w,f/ trlt&m jzpfwdkif; ay:wdkif; owdxm; ½IrSwfae

&vdkY vlwdkif; tm;xkwfEdkifw,f/ cE¨mig;yg; avmu? Moumo

avmurSm vu©Pma&;oHk;yg; awGYjrifvm&ifvJ edAÁmefw&m;jrwf

&NyD; t&d,mjzpfw,f/ pmay y&d,wåd todu wjcm;? wu,f

bm0em w&m;eJY odwmu wjcm;yJ/ avmuBuD; wpfckvHk; tedpö?

'ku©? tewåw&m;yJvdkY tedpö? 'ku©©? tewå vu©Pma&;

oHk;yg;ac:wJh 'Dw&m;yJ &SdaevdkY tNrJowdxm; ½IrSwf&ygw,f/

pOf;pm;&w,f/ 'grS &[EÅm t&d,mqdkwJh omoem&JU aemufqHk;

tjrwfqHk; yef;wdkifudk ckb0 cktcsdefrSmyJ &Muygw,f/

The Three Characteristics : Impermanence, Suffering,

Soulessness.

bk&m;tjzpfudkvnf; &,lEdkifw,f

tu,fí pdwfqE´ &nf½G,fcsuf ydkjyif;xefae&if? u½kPm

arwåmpdwfrsm;ae&if owå0gtm;vHk;udk u,fwifzdkYtwGuf or®m


orÁK'¨qkudkyif yefqifEdkifw,f/ bk&m;qkyefw,f qdk&if

yg&rDq,fyg; (The Ten Transcendental virtues, Perfections)

udk jznfhqnf;ae&r,f/ yg&rDq,fyg;qdkwm -

1/ 'ge Generosity,

2/ oDv Morality,

3/ aeu©r Renunciation,

4/ ynm Wisdom,

5/ 0D&d, Energy,

6/ cEÅD Patience,

7/ opöm Truthfulness,

8/ t"dVme Determination,

9/ arwåm Loving-Kindness,

10/ Oayu©m Equanimity. tm;jzifh 10 rsKd; &Sdygw,f/


'Dyg&rDq,fyg; jznfhusifhvdkY oHk;vlYxG#fxm; jrwfpGmbk&m;

tjzpfodkY a&mufw,f/ tenf;qHk; av;toacsFeJY urÇmwpfodef;

yg&rDq,fyg;udk jznfhqnf;rS bk&m;jzpfw,f/ owå0gawGudk

opömav;yg; jyefvnfa[mjyEdkifvdkY q&mtm;vHk;wGif tjrwfqHk;

yk*¾dKvfyJ/

&[EÅmyk*¾dKvfvJ olrsm;udk w&m;a[mjy qHk;rrI? udk,fwdkif

udavom pifMu,frIt& u,fwifygw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;uawmh

owå0g tajrmuftjrm;udk u,fwifvdkY &[EÅm om0uxuf

xl;jrwfw,fvdkY ajym&rSmyJ/ tcsKdUu or®m oar®m"dqkomvQif

rGefjrwfw,fvdkY xifrSwfMuw,f/ 'g r[kwfygbl;/ olwdkYu

BudKuf&m aAm"dqkwpfckckudk a½G;NyD; t&d,m b0a&mufMu&r,f/

olwdkY[m cE¨mavmu? owåavmuBuD; rD;q,fhwpfyg;

avmifaewm jrifvdkY oHa0*ÚmPf&? 'ku©udk em;vnf? 'ku©rS

jrefjref vGwfcsifrSmyJ/


'gaMumifh om0u aAm"dqk[m obm0usw,f/ udk,fwdkif

udk,fhudk u,fwifNyD;rSom olrsm;udk ulnDvdkY &r,f/ jrefjref

0#fqdk;oHk;yg;u uRwfwmvJ rGefjrwfwJh tvkyfygyJ/ pwifNyD;

udk,fwdkif udk,fhudk u,fwifMu/ udavomudk aq;aMumMu/ ]tdk

- orm;awmf? oif\ a&m*gudk oifpNyD; ukoygOD;} vdkY

owday;vdkY orm;awmfu olYa&m*gudk ol rukoEdkif&if

olrsm;udkvJ rukoEdkifbl;/

&[EÅm[m wpfudk,faumif; qHovm;

wcsKdU yk*d¾KvfawG? wcsKdU pmtkyfawGrSm om0u aAm"d

vrf;pOf &[EÅmb0udk ,kwfnHhw,f? udk,fusKd;&Smw,f?

wpfudk,faumif;qHw,f? olrsm;udk ru,fwifbl;vdkY ajymMu

a&;Muw,f/ r*¾if&Spfyg; jynfh0pGm usifhoHk;&if twå? yk*¾v? ZD0?

owå0gqdkwm vHk;0r&Sdbl;qdkwm ÓPfynm rsufpdrSm jrifvm

w,f/ twårS r&Sdwm twåqHw,f? udk,fusKd;&Smw,fqdkwm

rjzpfEdkifbl;/


&[EÅmb0rSm udavomq,fyg;? oHa,mZOf q,fyg;

ukefpifvdkY wpfudk,faumif;qHwJhpdwf vHk;0r&Sdbl;/ y,fp&m&Sdwm

tukefy,fNyD;NyD? aqmif½Gufp&m&Sdwm tukef aqmif½GufNyD;NyD/

r*fav;yg;u tjrwfqHk;yJ/

tpGef;wpfbufa&muf bk&m;avmif;0g'

r[m,me pmayawGrSmawmh tm;vHk;[m bk&m;avmif;

aAm"dowåcsnf;yJ/ tm;vHk;[m or®morÁK'¨ jzpfMu&r,fwJh/

om0u,meudk rBudKufwJhtaMumif; a&;xm;Muw,f/ &[EÅm

b0[m wpfudk,faumif;qHaevdkY or®morÁK'¨ jzpfatmif

qufvufvkyfaqmifzdkY vdkaeao;owJh/ pOf;pm;MunhfMuyg/

owå0gtm;vHk; bk&m;csnf;yJqdk&if wynfhwpfa,mufrS

usef&SdrSm r[kwfawmhbl;/ w&m; a[mjyp&m a0ae,syk*¾dKvfvJ

r&Sdawmhbl;/ wynfhr&Sd&if q&mr&SdEdkifawmhbl;aygh/ wynfh[m

vdktyfygw,f/ owå0gtm;vHk;[m aAm"dowåcsnf;jzpfvdkY


tm;vHk; bk&m;jzpfMu&r,fqdkwJh 0g'[m tpGef;wpfbuf

a&mufwJh 0g'yJ/ &[EÅm om0uawGvJ &Sd&rSmygyJ/

Ak'¨a'oem[m t,kwftpGef; wpfck? tvGeftpGef;

wpfckqdkwJh tpGef;ESpfyg;u vGwfuif;NyD;? rZÑdr y#dy'g

tv,ftvwfvrf;pOf jzpfw,f/ t,ltq rvGefuJ&bl;/

tm;vHk;[m om0u &[EÅm jzpf&r,fqdkwmuvJ ,kwfwJhtpGef;?

tm;vHk;[m aAm"dowåawG jzpfaeNyD qdkwmuvJ vGefwJh tpGef;?

r*¾if&Spfyg; vrf;pOfvdkufrS tpGef;awGu vGwfajrmufw,f/

pdwfqE´ tZÑmo,t&vJ wcsKdUu 0#f jrefjref uRwfcsif

Muw,f/ wcsKdUu MumMum yg&rD jznfhcsifMuw,f/ 'g

obm0usvdkY tv,f tvwf vrf;pOfygyJ/

vlawG tm;vHk; bk&m;jzpfMu&if b,folYudk oifjyMu

u,fwifMurvJ/ wynfhr&SdwJh bk&m;u or®morÁK'¨ r[kwfbl;/

aAm'dowå bk&m;tavmif; tppftrSefu edAÁmef&Edkif?

t&d,m udef;ao jzpfEdkifwmudk pGefYNyD;rS bk&m;qkyef t*Fg


&Spfyg;eJYtnD bk&m;wpfqkxHrSm qkawmif;&pNrJyJ/ t*Fg&Spfyg;eJY

jynfhpHkrS Asm'dwf&jyD; bk&m;jzpfzdkY aocsmw,f/ vufxJ

a&mufaewJh edAÁmefudkyif pGefY&JwJh owåd? toufudkyif pGefY&JwJh

owåd&SdvdkY ol&JUu½kPm? owå0gawG u,frcsifwJh pdwf[m

b,favmufBuD;us,f jrifhjrwfovJ/

okar"m &aohxHk;

okar"m&aoh bk&m;avmif;&JUjzpf&yf oufaoom"uudk

jyefvnf avhvm qifjcifMunfhMuyg/ ol[m 'DyuF&m jrwfpGm

bk&m;eJY &[EÅmwpfaomif;&JU a&SUarSmufrSm udk,fudk wHwm;

cif;NyD; ]aocsifaoygap? bk&m;qkyefr,f} qdkwJh t"dXmef

jyKygw,f/

tJ'Db0wkef;u edAÁmef&EdkifwJh tajctaeudkvJ pGefUypf

vdkufw,f/ owå0gawGudk u,fwifcsifwJh pdwft& 'DyuF&m

jrwfpGmbk&m;vdkyJ bk&m;jzpfcsifwJh qE´jyif;jyaew,f/ 'gaMumifh

bk&m;eJYawGYrS Asm'dwf&atmif qkyefvdkufwm/ bk&m;tppfudk


zl;jrif&rS bk&m;jzpfcsifpdwf? tm;uspdwf ay:w,f/ (Admiration

leads to imitation.)

okar"m &Sif&aoh&JU ZGJ? vHkYv? qE´? u½kPm[m

wu,ftHhMo MunfndKp&m aumif;w,f/ 'DyuF&m jrwfpGm

bk&m;u - ]],ck &THUAGufxJrSm toufpGefYNyD; 0rf;vsm;

arSmufaeaom okar"m&Sif&aoh[m aemifaomtcg a*gwrAk'¨

&,fvdkY bk&m;jzpfawmfrlr,f}} vdkY Asm'dwfay;w,f/ yg&rD

10yg;udk av;toacsFeJU urÇm wpfodef; jznhfusifhcJh&w,f/

,ckb0 w&m;&Edkifonfh t&nftcsif;ig;rsKd;

(y"med,*F w&m;ig;yg;)

av;r*f? av;zdkvf OmPfynm&zdkUuawmh tck omoem

tckae&mrSm jzpfajrmufEdkifw,f/ umvuefYowfcsuf r&Sd?

]]ba'´u&wåokwfeJU qquúokwf}} ygVdawmfrsm;t& avhusifh&if

ckb0rSmyJ &[EÅmjzpfEdkifw,f qdkwm tvGefxif&Sm;ygw,f/


]aAm"d&mZukrm&okwf} rSmvJ w&m;&Edkifol&JU t&nftcsif;

ig;rsdK; a[mxm;w,f/

1/ jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh &wemoHk;yg;udk ,HkMunfrI o'¨g&Sdjcif;?

2/ a&m*guif;jcif;?

3/ pdwf½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfjcif;?

4/ 0D&d, &Sdjcif;?

5/ w&m;jrifEdkifaom ynm&Sdjcif; qdkwJh t*Fgig;yg;

jynfhpHk&if tckb0rSmyJ uRwfwrf; 0ifEdkifw,f? w&m;xl;

&Edkifw,fvdkY a[mMum;awmfrlygw,f/

eHeuftm;xkwf? nae &[EÅmjzpfol? naetm;xkwf? eHeuf

&[EÅmjzpfol 0#fuRwfolawGvJ teEÅygyJ/ aAm"drif;om;[m

'Dw&m;vJ em&a&m? 0#fqdk;oHk;yg;rS uRwfvGwfrI[m

odyfjrefygw,f bk&m;vdkY avQmufxm;w,f/ 'Dt*Fgig;yg;

jynfhpHk&if ckb0 aAm"dOmPf jrefjref&wJh enf;vrf;ygyJ/ ax&0g'


w&m;awmf[m ]tumvdu *kPfawmf} eJY jynfhpHkw,f/ tcsdef

rqdkif;bl;/

]],Mw [d emr om,}rEkoda|m ygawm 0daooH

t"d*rdówd? ygw}rEkoda|m om,H 0daooH

t"d*rdówd/}} (aAm"d&mZ ukrm&okwf/)

When a monk, if instructed at sunset,

can master it all by dawn,

or if instructed by dawn,

can master it all by sunset.

That is Theravada, Immediate attainment.

tm;vHk; {nfhonfawGcsnf;yguvm;

'gaMumifh cE¨mudk,frSm rD;q,hfwpfrD; avmifaewmjrif&if

csufcsif; oHo&m 0#f'ku©u vGwfatmif BudK;pm;oifhMuw,f/

edAÁmef&zdkU tcsdefrqGJMueJU/ olrsm;udkvJ arQmfvifhraeeJU/


aES;auG;zifhETJUaeol[m tcsdefudk cdk;,laewmyJ/

(Procrastination is the thief of time.) edAÁmef yef;wdkifudk

a&TUqdkif;rypf&bl;/ ,aeYjzpfqJ wPSm? rme? 'd|d? udavom udk

,aeY z,f&Sm; wdkufcdkuf ypf&r,f/ eufjzef bmjzpfr,fqdkwm

raocsmbl;/

Now is the time for the battle.

Who knows about tomorrow?

aorif;eJY tcsdef;tcsuf pmcsKyfr&Sdbl;/ aornfhqJqJusrS

]]t&Sifaorif;? apmifhygtHk;? aowrf;pm a&;yg&apOD;}} qdkvdkYvJ

aorif;u rapmifhbl;/ aowrf;pmudk a&;zdkY rajymeJU

aowrf;pmrSm vufrSwfuav; xdk;zdkYawmif tcsdefr&ygbl;/

aorif;u oifwdkY tdrftppfjzpfwJh ocsØKif;udk ydkYay;vdkufw,f/

okómefomvQif aetdrf&Sdw,f/

tckaexdkifwJhtdrfudk ydkifqdkifw,f ajymMuayr,fh wpf&uf?

wpfv? wpfESpf ponfjzifh acwåom ae&NyD;? tNrJae&wmu


ocsØKif;ajr okómefyJ/ 'DtdrfrSmu tm;vHk; {nfhonfawGcsnf;

ygyJ/ tck aewJhtdrf b,favmufaumif;aumif;? wefzdk;

b,favmuf&Sd&Sd ? acwåcP iSm;ae&wmygyJ/ aewJhtdrfu

crf;em;w,f qdkayr,fh rcrf;em; rwifhw,fMuygbl;/

qkawmif;0wfjyKzdkYrvdkwJh bmom

ax&0g' omoem&JU xl;jcm;csufwpfckvJ &Sdao;w,f/

wjcm; bmomawGvdk awmif;yef wdk;vQdK;rI? tjypfaysmuf&ef

bk&m;ocifxH &Sdcdk;NyD; bk&m;u tjypfaq;aMumay;rI r&SdwJh

twGuf 0wfjyKrI tpDt&ifr&Sd/ twåeJY bk&m;twGuf bmoma&;

tcrf;tem;r&SdqdkwJh tcsufyJ/ bkef;BuD; 'gudk tNrJajymaew,f/

tjywfajymaeygw,f/

aemufNyD; ax&0g'rSm "r®oDcsif;r&Sdbl;? opömw&m;

tNrdKufw&m;xuf aumif;wJhoDcsif; b,f&SdyghrvJ/ ck bkef;BuD;

puFmylrSm a[mcJhwmawG[m opömoDcsif; tNrdKufoDcsif;awGaygh/


ax&0g'qdkwm wnfNidrfpGm &yfwnfNyD; oHa,mZOfjzwfwJh

enf;yJ/

ax&0g'rSm tJ'Dvdk ]oDvAÁw y&mrmo} ac:wJh oDcsif;qdk?

qkawmif; 0wfjyKrI? 0wfjyK tcrf;tem; tpD&ifudk ,HkMunfrIudk

oHa,mZOf q,fyg;xJrSm jyqdkNyD;? r*fOmPfeJU tNyD;y,f&r,fvdkU

jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlw,f/

oHa,mZOfqdkwm b0oHo&m0#fu vGwfxGwf roGm;

Edkifatmif csnfaESmifxm;wJh BudK;awGyJ/ tJ'D oHa,mZOfBudK; 10

acsmif;u -

1/ umr&m* oHa,mZOf (Attachment to Sensual

Pleasures)

2/ ½ly&m* oHa,mZOf (Attachment to Realms of Form)

3/ t½ly&m* oHa,mZOf (Attachment to Formless

Realms)

4/ y#C oHa,mZOf (Hatred)


5/ rme oHa,mZOf (Pride)

6/ 'd|d oHa,mZOf (False Views)

7/ oDvAÁw y&mrmo oHa,mZOf (Adherence to rites

and ceremonies)

8/ 0dpdudpäm oHa,mZOf (Doubts)

9/ O'¨pö oHa,mZOf (Restlessness)

10/ t0dZÆm oHa,mZOf (Ignorance) wdkY jzpfMuw,f/

r*fav;yg;eJY tqifhqifhukefatmif y,fowf&w,f/

oHa,mZOf q,fyg; t&[wår*feJU y,fNyD;&if bmrQ qufvkyf

p&m rvdkawmhbl;/

o'¨gtvkyfESifh ynmtvkyfcGJjcm;odyg

'gaMumifh twå0g'? £ó& edr®me0g't& bmoma&;

tcrf;tem; tpD&ifawG? 0wfjyKrIawG[m ]oDvAÁwy&mrmo}

oHa,mZOfyJ/ 'Dvdk 0wfjyKrIawG &Sdae&if r*fÓPfudk r&Edkifbl;/


aAm"dÓPf r&bl;/ 'gaMumifh Ak'¨omoem tppfqdkwm

odyÜHenf;us? odyÜHoabm odyÜHvkyfief;yJ jzpfw,f/ t,lonf;rI

ryg0ifbl;/ ÓPfeJY ,SOf&w,f/ oHa,mZOfqdkwm tqD;twm;rdkY

ayghayghrxifeJY/

'gaMumifh bk&m;apwD ykxdk;awGrSm yef;uyf? qDrD;xGef;?

N*dK[fawG &Sdcdk;? a&oyÜm,fqdkwmawGu t"du tESpfom&

r[kwfbl;/ o'¨gpdwfoufoufeJU vkyfaeMuwmyg/ 'Dtjyifyef;

udpöudk rsufjrift& csD;usL;p&mr&Sd? uJh&JUp&mr&Sdyg/

ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom&JU tESpfom&u oDv? orm"d? ynm

odu©moHk;yg;usifhrI jzpfvdkU tarT;wdkif rylaZmfvJ ta&;rBuD;yg/

opömw&m;usifh? opömw&m;odrIxuf ydkaumif;wm r&Sdygbl;/

opömodzdkY t"du usifhBuHMu&r,f/ Ak'¨a'oemt& opömw&m;

qdkwm oHa,mZOfuGmjcif;? Oayu©mÓPf &&Sdjcif;? t&m&m

pdwfwnfNidrf rQwpGm ½Ijrif oHk;oyfEdkifjcif;udk qdkvdkw,f/


rsufrjrifqifprf;ovdk tuef;,HkMunfrIrsm;

ax&0g' omoem qHk;rcsuft& rdpämZD0 ,kwfnHh

rSm;,Gif;wJh toufarG;rIawG rvkyfudkif&bl;/ Oyrm -

- aA'if vu©Pm a[mNyD; toufarG;jcif;?

- om;ig; owfjzwf a&mif;csjcif;?

- t&ufaopm rl;,pfaq;0g; a&mif;csjcif;?

- edrdwfzwfjcif;?

- vufeuf a&mif;csjcif; ponfudk a&SmifMuOf&w,f/

txl;ojzifh a&SUa&; twdwfedrdwf aA'if txl;tqef; a[majym

jcif;jzifh toufarG;aewm rvkyf&bl;/ 'gawGudk ,HkvJ

r,Hk&bl;/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u wuúD - BuHq awG;awmrIudk

rSm;,Gif;rI vdkY a[majymw,f/

'óe wuúD0g' tawG;rsdK;udk a&SmifMuOfMu&r,f/ Oyrm

]0päa*gwåokwf} rSm ]owå0g[m aoNyD;aemuf &Sdao;ovm;?


r&Sdbl;vm;} ponfh omrefvlom;wdkY OmPfeJY tvSrf;rrDwmawG

udk awG;ac: pOf;pm;aep&m rvdkbl;vdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;u

jiif;y,fcJhw,f/

jrm;pl;wJh ol[m jrm;udkyJ Ekwfypf&r,fvdkY a[mMum;w,f/

pl;0ifwJh jrm;EkwfzdkYu vdk&if;? bmom;ESifh vkyfwJh jrm;vJ?

jrm;ypfwJhvl&JU trsdK;tEG,f trnfemru bmvJ qdkwmawG

pOf;pm; awG;awmaezdkY rvdkbl;/

Ak'¨u oifwdkY ½kyfemrfcE¨m[m rD;q,hfwpfyg; avmifNrdKuf

aew,f/ 'Gg&ajcmufyg;rSm rD;avmif aew,f/ 'gudk owdeJY

½IrSwfNyD; udavom rjzpfatmifaeMu/ ]avmu NrJovm;?

avmu rNrJbl;vm;} pwJh jyóemawGudk rpOf;pm;MueJYvdkY

owday;w,f/ rqdkifwm pOf;pm;ae&if tmoa0gw&m;av;yg;

wdk;yGm;w,f/ t0dZÆmo0 arm[ wdk;yGm;aew,f/ trSefjzpf&yf

opömudkom &ifqdkif ajz&Sif;&r,f/ ½IrSwf&r,f/


'gaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfwdkif opömav;yg;

xdk;xGif;odvdkY bk&m;onfyif opöum,? "r®um, jzpfaew,f/

bk&m;onfyif w&m;? w&m;onfyif bk&m; jzpfaew,f/

'gaMumifh rqdkif wmawG? 'óetjrif awG;ac:aeMuwmawG[m

tarSmifxJrSm prf;w0g;0g; vrf;avQmufaeMu wmygyJ/

rsufuef; yk*d¾KvfawGyJ/ rsufrjrifykPÖm;ajcmufa,muf qifudk

prf;NyD; a&mf&rf;awG;awm ajymjyovdkygyJ/ qifudk qifvdk NcHKiHkNyD;

jynfhjynfhpHkpHk rjrifrodMu&Smbl;/

'gaMumifh xif&Sm;ausmfMum;wJh yavwdk? t&pöwdkw,f?

qdkua&wD; pwJh 'óeq&mBuD;awG? tawG;tac: q&mBuD;

awG[m rsufuef;awGygyJ/ trSefw&m;udk wpfpdwfwpfa'o

avmufyJ cefYrSef;EdkifMuw,f? tukefrodMubl;/ 'g[m qifBuD;

yJvdkY tpdwfa&m taygif;a&m jynhfjynfhpHkpHk odaew,f/ 'gu

Ak'¨bk&m;ygyJ/ awG;awm pOf;pm;NyD;rS odwJhtodr[kwf/

prf;w0g;0g;odwJh todr[kwf/ wpfydkif;wpfprSefwJh todr[kwf/


t<uif;rJh tukefod? trSef NcHKiHkodvdkY ]Ak'¨}vdkU ac:w,f/

'DvdktodrSm awG;ac:pOf;pm;rI wuúDtvkyf rvdktyfbl;/

wdkuf½dkuf ypöu©tod jzpfw,f/

rD;avmifaeNyD? awG;raeeJY? qkawmif;raeeJY

Oyrm rD;avmifaewJh tdrfxJrSm a&mufaeol[m 'óewuúD

tawG;tac: tvkyfudk vkyfp&m rvdkbl;/ rD;uvGwfatmif

csufcsif; xGufcGmoGm;zdkYudpöyJ &Sdw,f/ rD;ab;rSvGwfrS

jyefpOf;pm;csifvJ pOf;pm;Muaygh/ opömav;yg; wu,f jrifod

oabmayguf&if pOf;pm;p&m rvdkbl;/ uREkfyfwdkY cE¨m udk,fwdkif

opömw&m; jzpfoGm;NyD? opöm,SOfuyfaeNyD? ÓPfu opömudk

wu,fjrifae&NyD/

ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom omoemrSm wjcm; bmomBuD;awGvdk

qkawmif;zdkU rvdkbl;/ awmif;yef wdk;vQdK;c,rI udpör&Sdbl;/

tjypfrS aysmuf&ef rjrif&wJh aumif;uifu yk*d¾KvfawGudk

awmif;yefp&m rvdkbl;/ Ak'¨udk q&mtjzpfeJY MunfndKav;pm;rI?


t½dktaoay;rIom &Sdw,f/ 0yfwGm;c, awmif;yef qkawmif;

qk,ludpö r&Sdbl;/ qGrf;uyfwmvJ ylZmudpöom jzpfw,f/

av;pm;orIygyJ/ bk&m; ay;xm;wmESifhpm&if ylZmtaeeJU

vlawGu ay;vSLaeMuwmvJ wu,fawmh bmrS rajymy

avmufbl;/ eJeJuav;yJ/

'DvdkvSLvdkY Ak'¨xHu bmrQ jyefvnf rawmif;cHbl;/ Ak'¨u

opömav;yg; taumif;qHk; ay;xm;NyDyJ/ bk&m;xHrS bmrQxyfNyD;

awmif;aep&m r&Sdbl;/ tjrwfqHk; opömtrSefudk bk&m;u

a[mNyD;NyD? bmxyfawmif;p&mvdkao;vJ/

½kyf0w¬K "eOpöm ponftwGuf qkawmif;aeMu&ifvJ

wpfvGJjzpfukefNyD/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u todOmPf tvdr®m csrf;omzdkY

twGuf trSefqHk;w&m;udk oifjya[mMum; ay;xm;NyD;jzpfvdkU

aemufxyf "e Opöm ponftwGuf awmif;p&m rvdkbl;/

½kyftm[m&[m csufcsif; ykyfodk;oGm;ayr,fh emrftm[m&u

cdkifNrJaew,f/


zefqif;&Sif u,fwif&Sif

bkef;BuD;wdkY ax&0g' Ak'¨a'oemrSm zefqif;&Sifbk&m;r&Sd?

twåZD0? qdk;vf0dnmOfaumif r&SdvdkY raeYu a[mjycJhNyD/ God

a*gh'fqdkwJh zefqif;&Sif r&SdaomfvJ t"dyÜg,fwpfrsdK; aumuf,l

jy&if wPSmavmbudk ]zefqif;&Sif} vdkY aumuf,lvdkU &ao;

w,f/ 'gaMumihf a*gh'fzefqif;&SifvJ r&Sdbl;/ ]*[um&u -

wPSmvuform;} jyKvkyfrIu zefqif;&SifyJ/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh

t0dZÆmarm[w&m;[m zefqif;&SifyJ/ t0dZÆm wPSmu qif;&J

avmuudk zefqif;aew,f/ b,fzefqif;&Sif wefcdk;&Sif

yk*d¾KvfBuD;urS avmuudk zefqif;aewm r[kwfbl;/

Ak'¨jrwfpGm[m opömav;yg; oifjyvrf;nTefNyD;? tJ'D

'ku©avmurS vGwfajrmufapwJhtwGuf ]u,fwif&Sif} vdkY

t"dyÜg,faumuf&ifvJ jzpfygw,f/ wefcdk;eJY u,fwifwmawmh

r[kwfbl;aygh/


'gaMumifh uREkfyf&JU wPSmavmbESifh t0dZÆmu avmuudk

zefqif; wnfaxmifaew,f/ ]urÇmtp arm[u} vdkY oifjy

ygw,f/ wpfpuúefYtwGif;rSm urÇmaygif;rsm;pGm zefqif;aew,f/

'gaMumifh arm[y,f&if avmuvJ uG,faysmufw,f/

urÇmvJ r&Sdbl;/ &Sif;oGm;w,f/ wPSm avmby,f&if avmu

awG urÇmawG r&Sdawmhbl;/ wPSmvuform; uG,faysmufvdkY

wPSmu zefqif;wJh avmuvJ uG,faysmufw,f/ ÓPf&ifh

usufvm&if edAÁme "mwfwpfckwnf; edAÁmefopöm trSefw&m;yJ

&Sdawmhw,f/ [efaqmifavmu twkty trSm;awG

uG,faysmufNyD;? opömtrSefom usefaew,f/ wu,fr&SdwJh

avmu[m uG,fy&awmhw,f/ edAÁmef w&m;u cdkifNrJovdk rSefvJ

rSefaew,f/

wuúokdvfbGJUESifh t&d,mbGJU

'DaeY bkef;BuD;u ax&0g'&JU*kPf&nf qkdwmudk a[mjyae

wmyJ/ ax&0g'[m r*¾iftusifhrSm wnf&SdvkdY ½dk;½kd;&Sif;&Sif;yJ


&Sdw,f/ trSefopömw&m;[m ½dk;½dk;&Sif;&Sif;csnf;ygyJ/ r½IyfaxG;

bl;/ vltrsm;pk[m w&m;eJYywfoufvm&if oli,fwef; tqifh

avmufyJ&SdvkdY &Sif;&Sif;yJ oifjy&w,f/

½kd;½kd;&Sif;&Sif;oifjywJh tajccHausmif;rSmaerS bDat?

trfat? bDtufpDbGJYawG &ovkd todtvdr®m ÓPfynm 0dZÆmbGJY

&w,f/

1/ tJ'gudk ]aomwmyef yk*¾dKvf} vkdY ac:w,f/ twå0g'

ouúm,'d|dESifh 0dpdudpäm oHa,mZOf wu,fy,frS aomwmyef

t&d,m jzpfw,f/ &wemoHk;yg;udk okdYavm okdYavm ,HkrSm;

awG;awmrI r&Sdawmhbl;/ vHk;0 oHo,uif;? tjrif &Sif;oGm;

w,f/ ig;yg;oDv b,fawmhrS rcsdK;azmufawmhbl;/

edAÁmefeJYrqkdifwJh "avhxHk;pH trltusifhawG? qkawmif;rI?

tcrf;tem; 0wfjyKrIac:wJh ]oDvAÁw y&mrmo} oHa,mZOfvJ

aomwmyefu y,fw,f/ vGefajrmufw,f/ 'DoHa,mZOf


oHk;yg;y,frS aomwmywådr*fukd &w,f? r*¾ifvrf;ay:rSm ckdifNrJpGm

avSsmufEkdifygNyD/ oHo&mrSmvJ ckESpfb0yJ usefawmhw,f/

2/ todtvdr®m ÓPfynm wuúokdvf&JU 'kwd,bGJYu

]ou'g*grf} bGJY jzpfvkdY umr&m*eJY y#dCukd acgif;yg;atmif

jyKvkyfvkdufw,f/ wpf0ufavmuf Nidrf;at;oGm;vkdY 'DbGJYukd

&Muw,f/ vlYjynfudk wpfBudrfyJ jyefvmr,f? wpfBudrfyJ

y#doaE¨ aeawmhw,f/

3/ emrf0dZÆm wwd,bGJYukd ]tem*grf} vkdY ac:w,f/

'DtqifhrSm umr&m*eJY y#C oHa,mZOfukd t<uif;rJh

tem*grdr*feJY y,fowfvkdufw,f/ oHa,mZOfig;yg; ukefoGm;

ygNyD/ umrbHkudk jyefrvmawmhyJ jA[®mbHkrSmyJ qufvufNyD;

r*ftqifhwpfck wufjyefw,f/

oHk;q,fhwpfbHk pMu0Vm avmurSm t&d,mawG &SdaeqJyJ/

jA[®mhbHkrSm tem*grfawG? &[EÅmawG trsm;BuD; &Sdaew,f/


4/ emrf0dZÆm pwkw¬bGJYuawmh aemufqHk; tjrifhqHk;bGJYjzpfwJh

]t&[wåbGJY? &[EÅm} bGJYyJ/ oHa,mZOfq,fyg; tukefy,fzsuf

uif;pifvkdY? rmevJr&Sd? t0dZÆmvJ r&SdvkdY toefY&Sif;qHk;

tajctaeyJ? tjrwfqHk;yk*¾dKvfyJ/

vltrsm;pk wuúodkvfrSm bGJY&wmudk tav;xm;aeMuw,f/

emrfykdif;qkdif&m tod tvdr®mynm wuúokdvfu bGJY&rSom

tESpfom&&SdNyD; ckdifNrJw,f/ bDat? bDtufpDbGJY&zkdY

odyfBudK;pm;NyD; &ayr,fh rMumrD pGefYcGmoGm;Mu&w,f/ yD?tdyfcsf?'D

tjrifhqHk;bGJY &ayr,fhvJ aoNyD; oHo&mrSm usifvnf

aeMu&w,f/ oli,fwef;rSm jyefoif&jyefw,f/ bGJYwpfck&zkdY

tpu jyefaumuf&w,f/ NiD;aiGYp&mBuD;yJ/ 'ghaMumifh cdkifNrJwJh

t&d,mbGJY&zkdY todtvdr®m ÓPfynm &,lMu&r,f/ 'DtwGuf

jrwfpGmbk&m; yGifhawmfrlvm&jcif; jzpfw,f/

uJ... tcsdefvJ aphNyD/ qufa[m&if rkd;vif;oGm;vdrfhr,f/

'Dvkdw&m;rsdK; Mum;em&vkdY tjrwfqHk; "eOpömac:wJh edAÁmefw&m;


tjref&Muygap/ tu,fí bk&m;qk vkdcsif&ifvJ or®morÁK'¨qk

&MuygapvkdY arwåmykdYoygw,f/

om"k... om"k... om"k...


b,folrjyK rdrdrI

]]ur®ed,mr uHw&m;\ pD&ifcsuf[m

b,fawmhrS rcGswfacsmf rvGJrSm;Edkifbl;/}}

The Kammic Law is infallible

and never makes mistakes.


9/ xm0&"r® w&m;awmf

vlYb0[m tvGef &cJygw,f/ vljzpf&wm wefzdk;od&if

vlYwefzdk;ododeJY usifhBuHaexdkifzdkY ta&;BuD;w,f/ b0udk

tusdK;&Sdatmif toHk;cs&r,f/ jcaoFhvdk usm;vdk y#doaE¨ arG;zGm;

cJh&if owfjzwf pm;aomuf&NyD; tukodkvfuH qdk;onfxuf

qdk;oGm;r,f/ wd&pämef b0uae r[mt0Dpd i&Judkawmif

usoGm;Edkifw,f/ wd&pämefb0rSm ig;yg;oDv rxdef;EdkifvdkYygyJ/

ig;yg;oDvtaMumif; odvJ rodbl;/ vlawGu vlYb0rSm

ig;yg;oDvwefzdk; odaeawmh ig;yg;oDv xdef;w,f/

Ak'¨bmom[m bk&m;rJhbmomvm;

jcaoFh? usm;? rdausmif;? ig; owå0gawG ig;yg;oDvudk

rapmifhbl;/ 0rf;a&;twGuf tvkt,uf owfjzwf

pm;aomufNyD; udk,fhtouf &Sifoefa&; jyKvkyfaeMuw,f/

tckb0rSm vljzpfvmwJh vlawG[m t½dkif;tpdkif; pdwfxm;


tusifhawG a&SmifMuOfNyD;? taumif;qHk;vltae a&mufatmif

BudK;pm;Mu&r,f/ rdrd&JU 'ku©udavom vGwfajrmufa&;udk

aocsmatmif r*¾ifw&m; usifhMu&r,f/ bk&m;qk ryefol[m

teJqHk; aomwmyef t&d,mjzpfatmif avhusifhaeoifhw,f/

jyefNyD; wd&pämefi&Jom;? Nydwåm? tol&um,f rjzpfatmif

ig;yg;oDv xdef;xm;Mu&r,f/ aomwmyefjzpfrS wd&pämef

y#doaE¨ raewm/ tyg,fav;yg;vHk;u vGwfrSm/

ax&0g' Ak'¨omoem[m -

- bk&m;rJh0g'vJ r[kwfbl;/

- xm0&zefqif;&Sif t,l&SdwJh bk&m;&Sd0g'vJ r[kwfbl;/

oifwdkYu Ak'¨bmom[m bk&m;rJh0g'vdkY ajym&if trSef

t"dyÜm,fu avmuudk zefqif;NyD; tqHk;tjzwfay;wJh xm0&

bk&m;rsdK; Ak'¨bmomrSm r&Sdbl;/ avmuawG? pMu0VmawG?

owå0gawG udkvJ zefqif;olqdkwmvnf; r&Sdbl;/ Ak'¨bmomrSm


tJovdk bk&m;rsdK; r&SdwJhtwGuf ]bk&m;rJh0g'} vdkY ajym&ifvJ

&ygw,f/

aemufjyD; ]bk&m;} qdkwJh t"dyÜm,fudk zGifhqdk&mrSm ]vlonf

rdrd&JU oDv? orm"d? ynmudk wduscdkifrm jynfhpHkatmif

jyKvkyfNyD;ol} vdkY t"dyÜm,faumuf&if Ak'¨bmomomvQif wu,fh

bk&m;&SdwJh bmomyJ/

rSefygw,f/ od'¨w¬rif;om;[m 0dZÆm,p&Pw&m; jynfhpHk

vdkY or®morÁK'¨ bk&m;jzpfNyD; tjrwfqHk; edAÁmefyef;wdkifudk &awmf

rlygw,f/ vlom;[m todtusifhudk udk,fpGrf;vHkYveJYyJ txGwf

txdyf jynfhpHkatmif jznfhvdkY &ygw,f/ tJ'g bk&m;ygyJ/

]a'0gwd a'0} ewfwdkYxuf ewf? jA[®mwdkYxuf jA[®m “God of

Gods” vdkY em;vnf&ygw,f/


urÇmudkzefqif;&if 'ku©udkzefqif;

wu,fvdkY aumif;uifbHku zefqif;&SifBuD;u urÇmeJY

owå0gudk zefqif;cJhw,fqkd&if 'ku©w&m;udk zefqif;ol?

tkdemaow&m;udk zefqif;ol jzpfrSmyJ/ zefqif;xm;wm rSeforSs

'ku©w&m; csnf;yJ r[kwfvm;/

Ak'¨bmomu rzefqif;bl;/ zefqif;rIeJY 'ku©w&m;awGudk

y,fzsufaew,f/ zefqif;rI[m 'ku©yJ/ 'ku©y,frS edAÁmef&w,f/

oDvw&m;u 'ku©awGudk y,fowfw,f/ edAÁmefqdkwm avmb?

a'go? arm[ ukefqHk;csKyfNidrf;rI ]oEÅdokc} udk ac:w,f/

avmb? a'go? arm[udk 'ge? oDv? bm0emeJY owfypf&r,f/

tavmb? ta'go? tarm[w&m;&&if edAÁmef&wmyJ/

tjrwfqHk; csrf;omyJ/


cE¨mukd ÓPfeJYpGefYxm;&r,f

taumif;qHk; edAÁmefudk ckb0 cktcsdefrSm &zkdY rdrd&JUpdwfudk

owdjyK ½IrSwfavhvm&r,f/ pdwåmEkyóem owdy|meftvkyfudk

vkyfMu&r,f/ wu,fvdkY vlowå0gqkdwm cE¨mig;yg; oabm

w&m;yJvkdY xkd;xGif;odvm&if edAÁmefodwmyJ/ a*gwr

jrwfpGmbk&m;[m olYpdwfukd,fwdkif aq;aMumNyD; pifMu,frI&SdvkdY

Ak'¨jrwfpGmvkdY ac:w,f/ cE¨mig;yg;om jzpfysuftaeeJY

&Sdaew,fvkdY ½IrSwfNyD; owdeJYod&if ÓPfowdu cE¨mig;yg;udk

pGefYypfvkdufvkdY oEÅdokc? xm0&okcukd &&Sdw,f/

ÓPfynmeJY cE¨mig;yg;ukd pGefYypf&wmu cE¨mig;yg;[m

tedpö? 'ku©? tewåw&m; jzpfvkdYygyJ/ ½lyu©E¨mudk igrydkif?

igr[kwf? ightwår[kwf/ a0'eu©E¨mvJ igrydkif? igr[kwf?

ightwår[kwf/ onm? ocFg&? 0dnmPu©E¨mvJ 'Dvdk ½IrSwfaerS

pdwf pifMu,f jrifhjrwfw,f/ pkd;&drfylyefrI r&Sdawmhbl;/


bkef;BuD;&JU pum;jyef rpöwmaw;[m 'DaeYreuf acG;udkuf

cH&w,f/ wu,fvdkY ½kyfum,BuD;u igr[kwf? tewåw&m;vkdY

½IrSwfNyD; od&if Ak'¨bmom tppftrSef jzpfw,f/ acgif;? udk,f?

ajc? vuf pwJh ½kyfawG[m ig? ightwå r[kwfbl;/ ½lyu©E¨m

ukd,fum,rSm yx0D? awaZm? tmayg? 0ga,m tmumo"mwfyJ

&SdvdkY vlr[kwfbl;/ "mwfoabmcsnf;yJ/

oifwdkY[m igh&JU yx0DyJ? yx0D"mwf[m igyJ? a&"mwf[m

igyJ? ighOpömyJvdkY ajymEdkifovm;/ rajymEdkifbl;/ "mwfoabmu

"mwfoabmyJ/ udk,fum,BuD;rSm "mwfBuD;av;yg; jzpfysuf

&Sdaew,f/ ig r[kwfbl;/ ol r[kwfbl;/ yk*d¾Kvf owå0g

r[kwfbl;/ acG;udkufcH&wmudk pdwfnpfp&m r&Sdbl;/ 0dyóem

Oayu©mÓPf jzpfay:&r,f/

bmyJjzpfjzpf cE¨mig;yg; (The Five Aggregates) tewåyJvdkY

ododae&if igr[kwf? igrydkifvdkYvJ odoGm;vdkY qif;&J'ku©

r&Sdawmhbl;/ oEÅdokceJYom aexdkif&awmhw,f/


aocJh& pGefYypfcJh&wJh cE¨mudk,fawG

jrwfpGmbk&m;[m aZw0efausmif;rSm oDwif;oHk;pOf

wpfcsdefu wynfhawGudk 'Dvdk oifjy qHk;rcJhw,f/

]]tkd - &[ef;wdkY? 'DaZw0ef ausmif;0ef;xJrSm opfyifawG

jrufawG rjrifMubl;vm;/ 'DopfyifawG? opfudkif;opf&GufawG

rD;avmifuRrf;oGm;&if oifwkdYpdwfxJrSm bmrSs wkefvIyfrI

r&SdovkdyJ ½kyf? a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmP[m oifwdkY

r[kwf? oifwkdYrykdifvkdY avmifuRrf; azmufjyefae&if pdwfrwkef

vIyf&bl;/ "mwfoabmawGomjzpfvkdY 0rf;enf;ylaqG;p&m

r&Sdbl;/ rydkifrqdkifvdkY odawmh at;csrf;MunfvifpGm ae&w,f/}}

½kyfuvmyf "mwfoabmawGom wpfpuúefYrSm tBudrfrsm;pGm

avmifuRrf; azmufjyefaew,f/ "mwfBuD;av;yg;udk txifrSm;rI

pGJvrf;rI r&Sd&bl;/ ½lyu©E¨m ½kyf"mwfawGudkom ynmeJY

pGefYypf&wm r[kwf? emrf"mwfawG (a0'emu©E¨m? onmu©E¨m?


ocFg&u©E¨m? odnmPu©E¨m) udkvJ ynmeJY pGefYypf&w,f/

yk*¾dKvfowå0g r[kwfwJh "mwfoabm w&m;csnf;yJ/

1/ ½kyf Matter,

2/ a0'em Feeling, Sensation,

3/ onm Perception,

4/ ocFg& Mental states

5/ 0dnmP Concsciousness ac:wJh cE¨mig;yg;[m ]ig?

ighOpöm} r[kwfvkdY opfyifu opfukdif; opf&Gufudk rylyif rpGJ

vrf;ovdk owdeJY avhusifh&r,f/ owdxm;ae&r,f/ opf&Guf

opfukdif;awG jrufawG[m taumiftxnf ig? olr&SdvkdY ynmeJY

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rSm;aevkdY 'ku©a&mufaeMuwm/

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w,f/ igaumifu vkyfwmr[kwfbl;/

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ac:w,f/ bk&m;u owå0gawGudk w&m;a[mjy u,fcRwfrSm


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jrwfpGmbk&m;udk ac:a0:Mu&w,f/

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ajymovdkvkyf? vkyfoavmufajym

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tESpfom&r[kwf/ 'gudk pGefYypfvdkufu opömav;yg; edAÁmef

w&m; tESpfom&udk &vmw,f/


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rao&m;awmf

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arm[u rvGwfuif;bl;/

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ar;awmh q&mBuD;u -

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tptqHk; Munfhw,f/ MunfhNyD;awmh -

]]rpöwm vmyvmpD? cifAsm;pmtkyf odyfaumif;ygw,f/

'gayr,fh wpfckvdkaew,f/ pMu0VmtaMumif;a&;wm xm0&


bk&m;ocif taMumif; wpfvHk;rS rygyguvm;}} vdkY ajymw,f/

"Your book is very excellent, M.La Place; but there is one

deficiency in your book. You have never mentioned the word

'God' throughout your book."

]][kwfygw,f? uRefawmfhpmtkyfrSm xm0&bk&m;ocif

rygayr,fh jynfhpHk vHkavmufaeygNyD/ pMu0Vm tmumoodyÜH

udk,fEdIufu olY[mESifhol jynfhpHkaeNyDjzpfvdkY xm0& bk&m;ocif

b,fvdk zefqif;w,fqdkwm azmfjyzdkY rvdktyfawmhvdkYyg}} vdkY

jyefajymvdkufygw,f/

"My book is quite complete quite perfect, without the

word 'God'; because my mathematics is perfect in itself

without the need of mentioning the word 'God'."

'gudk Munfhjcif;tm;jzifh odyÜHynmrSmvJ xm0& 0dnmOf

r&Sdwm&,f? xm0& bk&m;ocif r&Sdbl; qdkwm&,f vufcHxm;

Muygw,f/


t&mcyfodrf; pGrf;tiftjzpf jrifMunfh

Ak'¨bmomrSmvJ ]a*gh'f} qdkwJh xm0&bk&m;&,f? ]qdk;vf}

ac:wJh twå&,f r&Sdbl;/ 'gaMumifh tjrifhqHk;odyÜH jzpfaew,f/

rajymif;vJwJh xm0&yk*¾dKvf r&Sd/ rajymif;vJwJh twår&Sd/ t&m&m

tm;vHk;[m ckjzpf? ckysuf ajymif;vJaeMuw,f/ pGrf;tifwGef;tm;

jzpfaeMuw,f/ b,fudpö? b,ft&mrS wnfNidrf&yfem;rI r&Sdbl;/

tm;vHk;[m pGrf;tif? pGrf;tm;awG vIyf&Sm;rIawGcsnf;yJ/

Everything is dynamic in the world.

Nothing is static. Everything is force, energy.

½kyfqdkwm odyfonf;rItiftm;? emrfqdkwmuawmh ½kyfxuf

awmif vIyf&Sm;aevdkY pGrf;tif oabmyJ/ pGrf;tif tpkta0;ygyJ/

vQyfppfpGrf;tif tpkta0;udk ]igyJ? ighOpömyJ} vdkY rxifjrif&bl;/

vl[m vQyfppfpGrf;tif tpkta0;rQomjzpfvdkY yk*¾dKvfr[kwf?

twåZD0 r[kwfbl;/ vQyfppf"mwftm;[m yk*¾dKvftwåZD0

ryg0ifyJ "mwfoabmoufoufom jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh cspfrI?


rkef;rI? pdwfvIyf&Sm;rI rjzpfoifhbl;/ pum;ajym&if wnfwnf

NidrfNidrf ,Of,Ofaus;aus; ajymqdkMu&w,f? 0dyóem Oyu©m

ÓPfpdwf jzpfaeMu&r,f/ yk*¾dKvfZD0 twåyg0ifaom vQyfppf

"mwf tpkta0;[lí r&Sdygbl;/

'gaMumifh w&m;a[mjy&if y&dowfudk ]igh y&dowfyJ?

igausmfMum;w,f/ yk*¾dKvfowå0g &Sdw,f} vdkY ESvHk;roGif;Mu

&bl;/ oJuEÅm&xJrSm wpfa,mufwnf; aexdkif&wJh vlvdk

oabmxm;NyD; w&m; a[m&r,f/ bkef;BuD;w&m;a[m&if

y&dowfudk ]cE¨mig;yg; vQyfppf"mwf tpkta0;? pGrf;tif tpk

ta0;yJ} vdkY ESvHk;oGif;vdkufawmh oJuEÅm&vdk jzpfoGm;w,f/

yk*¾dKvfynwfqdkwJh t,l0g'udk owfjzwf y,fzsuf vdkufw,f/

y&dowfqdkwJh cE¨mig;yg; pGrf;tif vQyfppftpk[m tedpö? 'ku©?

tewåygyJ/

'gaMumifh y&dowfqdkwJhtjrif? igw&m;a[mw,fqdkwJh

tjrif aysmufw,f? igr&SdvdkY ightwGuf 0rf;omp&m 0rf;enf;


p&mr&Sd? y&dowf yk*¾dKvf r&SdvdkY y&dowfudk oHa,mZOf jzpfp&m

r&Sd/ w&m;t& w&m;udkyJ a[mae&w,f/ y&dowfBuD;udk

aMumufvefYae&if b,frSm w&m;a[mvdkY jzpfrvJ? pdwftajzmifh

trwf 0dyóem Oyu©mÓPfeJYrS w&m;a[mvdkY jzpfw,f/

tJ'Dvdk opömw&m;u b,fae&m|me b,fudpörqdk tultnD

ay;ygw,f/

c&pf,mef omoemjyKenf;

a&mr A&if*sDomoemjyK bkef;BuD;awGu olwdkY&JY oDtdkvdk*sD

omoemjyKausmif;rSm pepfwus oif,lNyD;rS EdkifiHtoD;oD;udk

vdkufvH w&m;a[mMuw,f/ olwdkY&JU wuúodkvfu bGJY&olawG

jzpfvdkY vlawGuvJ av;pm;Muw,f/ 'gaMumifh Ak'¨omoemjyK

udpörSmvJ omoemjyKausmif;u atmifjrifrS vkyfief;p&r,f/

&[ef;rjzpfrDu acwfynmbGJY &xm;&ifvJ odyfaumif;

w,f/ wuúodkvfbGJYwpfck &&SdwJh Ak'¨bmom &[ef;[m

EdkifiHjcm;rSm xdxda&mufa&muf omoemjyKEdkifw,f/ tar;tajz


vkyfwmrSm t*FvdyfbmomeJYqdkawmh olwdkY em;vnf vG,fw,f/

odyÜHbGJYwpfck&wJh &[ef;u olwdkY&JU odyÜHt,leJY EdIif;,SOf ajymjy

Edkifw,f/

Ak'¨bmom vli,fawG[m aumvdyf? wuúodkvfa&mufNyD;rS

&[ef;jyKzkdY aumif;w,f/ 'grS EkdifiHjcm;om;awGeJY tqifajyNyD;?

w&m;uvJ xda&mufrI &Sdw,f/ avmuDynm wwfzkdY vkdw,f/

ynmu tiftm;owåd jzpfay:apw,f/ 'Dtiftm;owådeJY

"r®a'oem ynmukd qufvufjzefYcsD&r,f/

om;awmf&m[kvmtm; a[maomw&m;

'DaeYa[mcsifwmu r[m&m[kavm0g' okwfygyJ/ jrwfpGm

bk&m; om0w¬djynf aZw0ef ausmif;rSm oDwif;oHk;awmfrlpOf

qGrf;cH<u&if; aemufrSvkdufygvmwJh om;awmf &m[kvm&[ef;ukd

a[mwJhokwfyJ/


]]tkd &m[kvm? twdwf? ypöKyÜef? tem*wfjzpfwJh ½kyfw&m;udk

tedpövkdY ½IrSwfae&r,f/ ig? ighOpöm? touf? ZD0? yk*¾vvkdY

rxifrSwf&bl;/ a0'emu©E¨m? onmu©E¨m? ocFg&u©E¨m?

0dnmPu©E¨m tpkta0; (½kyfemrfoabm) ukdvJ ig? ighOpöm?

ightwåvdkY r½I&? ESvHk;roGif;&}} vkdY bk&m;u a[mjyvkdufw,f/

&m[kvmu ]igh&JUzcif bk&m;[m MunfndKzG,f ½kyftqif;

&Sdw,f/ bk&m;qkdwJh yk*¾Kdvf twåZD0 &Sdw,f/ igu

oHk;vlYxG#fxm; jrwfbk&m;&JY om;awmfyJ} vkdY aemufuvkduf&if;

ESvHk;oGif;aevdkY bk&m;u Mo0g' vrf;nTefcJhw,f/ 'ghaMumifh

opfyifatmufrSm wpfyg;wnf;xkdifNyD; w&m;tm;xkwf ae&if;u

&[EÅm jzpfoGm;w,f/ "r®tpm "r®tm[m&udk pm;aomuf

oGm;w,f/ qGrf;wpfeyf tvGwfcHw,f/

opfyifatmuf w&m;tm;xkwfaepOfrSm t&Sifom&dykwå&m

<ua&mufvmNyD;? tmemyge yGm;rsm;zdkY owday;w,f/ wpfnvHk;

tmemyge 0ifavxGufav ½IrSwfum 0dyóem ÓPfynm


rsufpd yGifhay:vmNyD; ½kyf? a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmP

tpkta0;[m igr[kwf/ "mwfBuD;av;yg; tpkta0;? emrftpk

ta0;yJ/ "mwfBuD;av;yg;udk quf½Iawmh NiD;aiGYrI jzpfNyD; bmrS

rpGJvef; txifrrSm;? tjrif rrSm;awmhbl;/

vlrSm&SdwJh qHyif? arG;n§if;? ajconf;? vufonf; pwJh

aum|mo[m yx0D"mwf ESpfq,fygyJ/ OD;acgif;qkdwmvJ

yx0D"mwfyJ? tjyifu yx0D"mwfudkvJ ½IrSwf&w,f? yx0Dukd

rkef;vmr,f/ pGJvef;rI uif;vmr,f/ yx0D"mwf&JU qif;&JrIukd

jrifw,f/

a&"mwf tmayg"mwfvJ twGif;? tjyiftmaygvdkY ESpfrsdK;

&Sdw,f/ rdrdukd,frSm tmayg"mwf wpfq,fhESpfyg; &Sdw,f/ Oyrm

aoG;? acR;? rsuf&nf? wHawG;? usifi,f pwJh tmayg q,fhESpfyg;

udk ½IrSwf&w,f/ tjyifu tmayg"mwfvJ ½IrSwf &w,f/

tJ'Dtcg edAÁdE´ÓPf&NyD; tewåÓPf aygufajrmufw,f/ 'DvdkyJ


awaZm"mwf? 0ga,m"mwfukd twGif;a&m tjyifyg owdy|mef

w&m;eJY pGefYypfvkduf&w,f/

&m[kvmukd bk&m;u qufvufa[mwmvJ odyfaumif;

w,f/

]]cspfom; &m[kvm? oif[m yx0DajrBuD;vkd usifh&r,f/

cspfp&m tm½Hk? rkef;p&m tm½HkawG tay:rSm rSsrSsww onf;cHNyD;

rcspfrrkef; ae&r,f/ Oyrm ajrBuD;ay:udk wHawG;pGefY usifBuD;?

usifi,f pGefYayr,fh ajrBuD;u pdwfrqkd;bl;/ onf;cHw,f?

a&arT;eHYom ajrBuD;ay: qGwfzsef;vJ rcspfcifbl;/ onf;cHw,f/

oif&JUpdwfudkvJ ajrBuD;u usifhoHk;ovdk usifhoHk;aexdkifyg/

Oayu©mpdwf ay:vmr,f/ 'grS csrf;csrf;omom aexkdif&w,f}}

vdkY a[mjy&ygw,f/

]]tkd &m[kvm? a&uJhodkYusifhyg/ a&xJudk trIdufawG?

usifBuD;? usifi,fawG pGefYcs&if a&u bmrS rwkefvIyfbl;/

a&xJudk a&arT;a& oGef;csvJ a&u rwkefvIyfbl;/ rSsrSsww


onf;cHw,f/ Oayu©m xm;w,f/ tJ'Dvdk pdwf rwkefvIyfzdkY

rpGJvef;zkdY a&vkd usifhoHk;yg/ bmjzpfjzpf pdwfu cspfjcif; rkef;jcif;

r&Sd&bl;/}}

]]tJ'DvdkyJ av&JUusifhxHk;? rD;&JU usifhxHk;udk vkdufem&r,f/

avxJrD;xJudk a&arT;a& yufvkduf&if 0rf;rombl;/ usifBuD;?

usifi,f pGefYvdkuf&ifvJ 0rf;reJbl;/ 'Dvdkpdwfxm;wwfNyD;

aexdkifwwfrS pdwfwuf<urI? pdwf"mwfusqif;rI r&SdyJ

csrf;csrf;omom ae&w,f? rqif;&Jbl;/

]]&m[kvm tmumo&JU tusifhudkvJ usifhyg/ tmumorSm

csD;usL;pum;? uJh&JUpum;aMumifh bmrSrjzpfbl;/ tmumoudkvJ

qkyfukdkifvdkYr&? wG,fwmvdkYr&? tmumouvJ olrsm;udk rqkyf

ukdif rwG,fwmbl;/ 'ghaMumifh oifhukd vmqJa&; wkdif;xGm&ifvJ

ruyfNidapeJY/ csD;usL;pum; ajym&ifvJ ruyfNidapeJY/ pum;eJYvJ

tjypfwifaeMuw,f/ b,folrSs tjypfwifjcif;u ruif;

vGwfbl;/ tjypfwif cHaeMu&w,f/ tm;vHk;udk auseyfatmif


vkyfay;vkdY r&bl;/ bk&m;jrwfpGmudk,fwkdif owå0gtm;vHk;udk

auseyfatmif vkyfray;Ekdifbl;/ 'gaMumifh tmumo&JU usifhxkH;

udk vkdufem twk,lNyD; Oayu©mÓPfpdwfeJY aexkdif&r,f/

]]cspfom; &m[kvm oif&JU cE¨mrSmvJ ajr"mwf? a&"mwf?

av"mwf? rD;"mwf yg0ifaevkdY ajruJhokdY? a&uJhokdY? rD;uJhodkY?

avuJhodkY vkdufemusifhoHk; aexkdif&w,f/ ajrBuD;pwJh usifhpOf

t& t&m&m onf;cHae&w,f/ Oayu©mÓPfpdwfeJY rwkefrvIyf

aexkdif&w,f/ toifhtwifh ESvHk;oGif; aexkdif&w,f/

'gvufiif;csrf;om w&m;yJ/ tewåÓPf aygufajrmufapw,f/

cE¨mavmu urÇmavmuudk t,lrrSm;&? ruyfNid&bl;/ edAÁmefudk

tm½HkjyK&w,f/ 'grS aemufwpfzef y#doaE¨ rae&awmhbl;/}}

wjcm; b,fbmomurS ra[mEdkif

&m[kavm0g' okwft&qkd&if Ak'¨bmomw&m;[m edAÁmef

w&m;eJY edAÁmefa&mufaMumif; r*¾ifw&m;yJ/ wjcm; urÇmh


bmomBuD;awG[m edAÁmeftaMumif; odvJrod? a[mvJra[m/

r*¾ifw&m;vJ rodMu/ ra[mMubl;/

olwdkY a[mwJh xm0&twå? xm0& aumif;uifbHkqkdwmvJ

rNrJbl;/ tedpöw&m;yJ/ aumif;uifbHka&mufol[mvJ jyefvnf

avSsmus&ao;w,f/ uHtpGrf;ukef&if atmufbHkudk jyefusw,f/

b,fbHk b,fb0rS rNrJbl;/ edAÁmefw&m; opömw&m; wu,f

jrifol? odol[m jyefavSsmrusawmhbl;/ razgufjyefawmhbl;/

edAÁmefqdkwm bHk|me r[kwfbl;/ opömtajctae oabm

"mwfom jzpfw,f/ Ak'¨bmomrSom edAÁmefw&m;? r*¾ifw&m;

&Sdaew,f/ bk&m;u 'DopömawGudk &SmazGazmfxkwfjyolygyJ/

'gaMumifh aus;Zl;wifNyD; bk&m;udk &Sdcdk;Mu&w,f/ w&m;udk

usifhoHk;Mu&w,f/ r*¾ifvrf;ray:rSm avSsmufoGm;zdkYyJ vkdae

Muw,f/ bk&m;u r*¾ifvrf;rBuD;udk jyocJhygNyD/

tm;vHk; opömw&m; odjrif&&Sdí csrf;omMuygap/


omoemjyK yk*¾dKvfqdkwm

]]a&[m tNrJwrf; pD;qif;aerS oefY&Sif;w,f/

omoemjyKyk*¾dKvfqdkwm

tNrJwrf; ½kef;uefvIyf&Sm; oGm;vmaerS wdk;wufw,f/}}

Thewater is pure that flows.

The monk is pure that goes.


10/ opöm"r®ESifh b0atmifjrifa&; w&m;awmf

urÇmay:rSm odyÜHynm enf;pepftjrifESifh nDnGwf qDavsmf

wJh bmom[m Ak'¨bmom wpfckyJ &Sdw,f/ 'ghaMumifh ]0dbZÆ

bmom} cGJjcm;pdwfjzm avhvmMunfh½IwJh bmomvkdY yd#urSm

a[mxm;ygw,f/ bk&m;&Sif udk,fwdkifu 0dbZÆ0g'D q&mBuD;yJ/

t&m&mudk owdeJY cGJjcrf;½Ijrif&r,f/ 'g odyÜHoabmyJ/

bkef;BuD;udk,fwdkif "mwkaA'ynmukd oif,l wwfajrmuf

cJhvdkY odyÜHynmvJ cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm avhvm&wJh ynmvdkY od&w,f/

t&m&mudk qef;ppf a0zef&w,f/ vufawGY "mwfcGJMunfhrSjzpf&if

oabmtrSef od&w,f/ t&if "mwfcGJcef;rSm aMu;owåK? oH?

owåK ponfudkyJ vufawGY prf;oyf "mwfcGJMunfhcJhw,f/ tck

awmh rdrdukd,frdrd "mwfcGJMunfhNyD; avhvmaew,f/ rdrdtaMumif;

wu,fxkd;xGif;od&if avmutaMumif; tukefodawmhwmygyJ/

If you know yourself,

you know the whole world.


'óeq&mBuD; a[&muvdwyf

vlqkdwm bmvJ/ wu,fawmh cE¨mig;yg; "mwftaygif;

tpkygyJ/ ½lyu©E¨mu udk,fum, "mwfBuD;av;yg; tpkta0;/

ocFg&u©E¨mu vkyfaqmifrI tpkta0;/ 0dnmPu©E¨mu odrI

oabm tpkta0;yJ/ pGrf;tifig;yg; vSsyfppfoabm tpkta0;yJ/

ykxkZOf vlrdkuftwGuf cE¨̈mig;yg;tjyif t0dZÆmeJY wPSm ESpfyg;

vJ yg0ifaeao;w,f/ odkYaomf cE¨mig;yg;qkdwm tedpö? 'ku©?

tewå w&m;csnf;ygyJ/ tNrJwrf; wpfpuúefYrwnfyJ ajymif;vJ

ukefqHk;aewJh oabmyJ &Sdw,f/ twårS uif;qdwfaew,f/

ZD0ac: 0dnmOfaumifvJ vHk;0r&Sdbl;/ owå0gvJ r&Sdbl;/

"mwfoabmjzpfvkdY "mwfcGJMunfhrS &Sif;w,f/ tewåw&m;yJ

awGYvkdY twåt,l aysmufuif;w,f/ xm0& 0dnmOfqkdwm

r&Sdygbl;/

'Dvdk jrwfbk&m;u vufawGY pHkprf; avhvmod&SdNyD;

azmfxkwf jyorI[m tckacwf pdwfynm oifjycsufeJY nDnGwf


aew,f/ b0qdkwm a&tvsOfvdk ajymif;vJrI oabmyJvkdY

pdwfynmu oifjyw,f/ b0[m rNrJbl;vkdY aNymvmMuNyD/

a&S;acwf *&d'óeq&mBuD; a[&muvdwyfuvJ ]]t&m&m

onf a&GUvsm;rIyJ/ a&pD;aewJh acsmif;xJrSm ESpfcgjyefNyD; a&udk

rxdawGY&bl;/ a&topfukdom xdawGYae&w,f}} vkdY a&;om;

cJhw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u -

]]oaAÁ ocFg&m tedpöm - All things are a flux}}

t&mcyfodrf; rNrJbl;vkdY oifjycJhw,f/

vlqkdwm cE¨mig;yg; rD;avmifaewJh tpOfBuD;ygyJ/

rD;awmuf rD;vSsHygyJ/ uvmyfrD;awG avmifuRrf;aew,f?

rD;vSsH[m wpfpuúefYeJY wpfpuúefY rwlbl;/ avmifuRrf; ukefqHk;

aew,f/ 'gaMumifh wpfpuúefYrSm arG;? aemufwpfpuúefYrSm

ao&NyD;? aemufwpfpuúefYrSm ajymif;vJaeovkdyJ/ vlqkdwmvJ

wu,fawmh awaZm"mwf avmifuRrf;aewJh tpOfBuD;ygyJ/

Man is nothing but a buring process.


b0qkdwm bmvJ

b0qkdwm bmvJ/ b0qkdwm tdyfrufygyJ/ tdyfruf[m

b0ygyJ/ b0qkdwm tdyfrufyJ qkdwmudk oufaojyr,f/

twdwfb0u jzpfysuf awGYBuHKwmawG r&Sdawmhbl;/

wu,f r[kwfawmhbl;/ tem*wfb0rSm jzpfysufrSmuvJ

wu,f r[kwfao;ygbl;/ tem*wfb0 twdwfb0rSm aexkdif

vkdY r&ovkd? ypöKyÜef b0vJ tem*wfb0vdkyJ ypöKyÜefb0[mvJ

tdyfrufygyJ/ b,fb0rqkd tppftrSef ckdifNrJ wnfwHhaewm

r[kwf/

ypöKyÜefb0rSm aexdkifrIqkdwmvJ csufcsif; twdwfb0

jzpfoGm;aew,f/ ,ck twdwfb0 jzpfaewJh ypöKyÜefb0rSm

ae&wJh b0[mvJ tdyfrufygyJ/ wu,fr&Sdbl;/ twå? yk*¾v?

ZD0 r&SdvdkY b,fb0rqdk tdyfrufygyJ/ pdwfcPwdkif; ajymif;vJ

aerIygyJ/


b0[m twå? ZD0? yk*¾v? a,musfm;? rdef;r r&SdvdkY

]oknw} vdkY ac:w,f/ tJ'D tedpöw&m; 'ku©w&m; tewåw&m;

oknww&m;[m b0ygyJ/ b0[m oknwvdkY owdy|mef

tvkyfeJY wu,fod&if tjrifhqHk; ynmÓPf? 0drkwådokc

vGwfajrmufwJh csrf;om opömodrI csrf;omjrwfBuD;udk &ygw,f/

oknwodrS edAÁmef&w,f/

b0[m tdyfrufjzpfvkdY cspf&mrkef;p&mvJ r&Sd/ txiftjrif

rSm;p&m r&Sdbl;/ tdyfrufxJrSm wapäacsmufcH&&if csufcsif;

Edk;&ifEdk;w,f/ Edk;NyD;&if 'g tdyfrufyJ/ ol&Jwapä wu,f

acsmufvSefYwm r[kwfygvm;vkdY od&if pdwfayghyg; oGufvuf

w,f/ &,fawmif &,farm&ao;w,f/

b0[m tdyfrufqkdwmudk aemufwpfck oufaojyr,f/

b0[m pdwfygyJ/ pdwf&JU trlt&mawGyJ/ tdyfrufqdkwmvJ

pdwf&JU trlt&myJ/ 'gaMumifh b0[m tdyfrufygyJ/ pdwfu

jzpfay:rI? pdwf&JUtjrif oufoufygyJ/ tdyfrufpdwfrSm


aMumufp&m tm½HkawG BuHK&ovkd? Edk;aewJh pdwfrSmvJ

aMumufp&m tm½HkawG BuHK&w,f/ tdyfrufpdwfeJY tjrif[m

b0ygyJ/ rsufjrifavmuvJ bmrSs rxl;jcm;bl;/ pdwf&JU xifjrif

rIyJ/ tdyfrufukd yxrawmh tppftrSef wu,fjzpf&yfvkdY xifcJh

Mu&w,f/ tdyfrufqkd;[m tdyfrufuEkd;&if aysmufoGm; w,f/

'ghaMumifh owdynm 0dyóempdwf r*fpdwf&&if udavom

pdwftjrifawG aysmufoGm;w,f/ tdyfrufqdk;awG r&Sdawmhbl;/

rsufpd[m ½lyg½Hktqif; Munfh&mrSm ra&mifh&Jbl;/ em;uvJ

aumif;wJhtoHukd Mum;&mrSm auseyfa&mifh&Jjcif; r&Sdbl;/ rsufpd

u tqif;vSvSudk xyfMunfhcsifaew,f/ em;u toHom,mwm

udk xyfrHMum;csifaew,f/ aomufav aomufav iwfrajywJh

qm;iefa&yJ/ 'gaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;u rsufpd? em;? ESm? vSsm?

ukd,f? pdwf 'Gg&ajcmufyg;rSm wPSmrme'd|d rD;avmifaew,fvdkY

a[mawmfrlw,f/ 'Gg&ajcmufyg;rSmyJ rD; 11 yg; avmifaewmudk

awGYjrifEkdifw,f/


b0rD;yHkBuD; Nidrf;owfenf;

b0[m rD;avmifrIBuD; jzpfaevdkY b0rD;yHkBuD;udk b,fvkd

Nidrf;owf&rvJqkd&if tjyifrD;udk a&eJYNi§drf;yg/ twGif;rD;udk owd

ynm ½IrSwfrI r*¾ifa&eJY Nid§rf;yg/ jzpfysufopömw&m;? trSefw&m;

odrIeJY udavom twGif;rD;udk Nid§rf;&w,f/ 'Gg&ajcmufyg;?

tm½Hkajcmufyg;? zóajcmufyg;? a0'emajcmufyg; jzpfysuf½IrI

rD;q,fhwpfyg; Nidrf;w,f/ jrifvJ Oayu©ynmpdwf tajzmifh

opömw&m;eJY jrif&r,f/ Mum;vJ Oayu©mynmpdwf tajzmifh

opömw&m;eJY Mum;&r,f/

tm½Hkajcmufyg;udk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm xkd;xGif;odwJh ynm

vdkw,f/ trSefodrIynm opömÓPfu a&at;ygyJ/ jrifvJ

at;csrf;w,f/ Mum;olvJ at;csrf;w,f/ vSyacsmarmw,f

qkdwm uREkfyfwkdY xifrSwfovkd r[kwfbl;/ 32 aum|moygyJ/

wPSm uGmoGm;w,f/ tNrJ owd,SOfNyD; jrifrS Mum;rS

at;csrf;w,f/ owdw&m; tNrJvkdtyfw,f/


'Gg&ajcmufyg;? tm½Hkajcmufyg;rSm aemufxyfavmb?

a'go? arm[rD; rxnfhrdzkdY? xif;rxnfh rdzkdY vkdw,f/ jrifvSsif

jrifumrwå avhusifh/ Mum;vSsif Mum;umrwå avhusifh/ 'grS

'Gg&ajcmufyg;rSm olckd;r0ifatmif apmifha&Smifhol jzpfw,f/

udavomqkdwm olcdk;awGyJ/

umr*kPfokc aysmf&TifrItwGuf ay;&wJh t&if;tESD; aiGaMu;

u qif;&J'ku©ygyJ/ wefzdk;ray;yJ umr*kPfudk cHpm;vdkY r&bl;/

umrokcu eJeJ? ay;&wJh 'ku©u trsm;BuD;yJ/ 'DavmuDumr

okceJY 'ku©ESpfyg;pHk rvdkcsif&bl;/ Oayu©mokc oEÅdokc xm0&

okcudk vdkcsif&r,f/ or®mqE´vdkYac:w,f/

arwåmw&m;vJ yGm;Mu&r,f

arwåmw&m;vJ yGm;Mu? 'gvJ udavomNidrf;zdkY taMumif;

wpfckyJ/ cGJjcm;uefYowfcsuf r&SdwJh 528 arwåmyGm;&if ]apawm

0drkwåd} pdwf&JU vGwfajrmufrIukd &w,f/ Nidrf;csrf;rI&w,f/

arwåmtusdK; q,fhwpfyg;udkvJ &Muw,f/


ur®®|mef; av;q,fxJrSm wnfNidrfat;csrf;pGm aexkdifjcif;

av;rsdK; jA[®0d[m&w&m; av;yg; (The four Sublime states)

yg&Sdw,f/

1/ arwåm cspfjcif; - Loving-kindness,

2/ u½kPm oem;jcif; - Compassion,

3/ rk'dwm 0rf;ajrmufNcif; - Appreciative Joy,

4/ Oayu©m rSswjcif; - Equanimity,

'DjA[®pkd&fw&m; av;yg;udk taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm yGm;rsm;

&r,f/ 'Dw&m;av;yg;udk yGm;rsm;vSsif jA[®mBuD;rsm; wnfNidrf

at;csrf;pGm aexkdif&ovkd aexkdif&r,f/ 'ghaMumifh ]jA[®0d[m&

- jrwfaom aejcif;? jA[®mBuD;rsm;uJhodkY aejcif;} vkdY ac:w,f/


arwåmtusKd; 11 rsKd;

'D arwåm ponfudk yGm;rsm;olrSm 'Db0rSmyJ aumif;usdK;awG

vufiif;&Edkifw,f/ arwåmtusKd; 11 rsdK; ac:wGifw,f/ arwåm

yGm;rsm;vkdY &wJh tusKd; 11 yg;uawmh -

1/ csrf;ompGm tdyf&jcif;?

2/ csrf;ompGm Edk;x&jcif;?

3/ raumif;tdyfruf rruf&jcif;?

4/ vltrsm; cspfcifjcif;?

5/ ewfrsm; cspfcifjcif;?

6/ ewfrsm;u apmifha&Smufjcif;?

7/ rD;ravmif? tqdyfroihfjcif;?

8/ pdwf wnfMunfoefY&Sif; orm"d &vG,fjcif;?

9/ tom;ta&tqif; vSyjcif;?


10/ rawGra0yJ ao&jcif;?

11/ aovSsif ewfjynf jA[®mhjynf a&mufjcif; wdkY

jzpfygw,f/

arwåmBuD;rm;rS jA[®mqdkwJh bk&m; jzpf&w,f/ arwåm

BuD;rm;rS or®morÁK'¨qdkwJh bk&m; jzpf&w,f/

'Dae&mrSm vlawG cspfcifrI&wmxuf? ewfawG cspfcifrI

&wmu ydkxda&muf ydkaumif;rGefw,f/ ewfu jA[®0d[m&

yGm;oludk cspfcif&if b,fawmhrS rpGefYcGmbl;/ vlqdkwJh cspfcifol

awGu rdwfaqGxm0& rjzpfbl;/ ewfawGudk rdwfaqGzGJYMu/

arwåmyGm;rsm;oludk ol&Jrajcmufbl;/ awmxJrSm aeayr,fh

ab;uif;w,f/ ewfawGu apmifha&Smufw,f/ arwåmomvSsif

taumif;qHk; rdwfaqGyJ/

vSyacsmarmvmw,f qkdwmu pdwfrSm arwåm"mwf 0ifae

vdkY MunfvifNyD;? ½kyfvJ Munfvif aewmudk ajymwm/ aiGrukefyJ


vSyEkdifygw,f/ tcsdKUu tvSjyifqkdifrSm oGm;NyD; aiGukefcH

aeMuwm rSm;,Gif;w,f/ arwåmpdwf&Sd&if vSyaewmyJ/

aocgeD; rawGra0ao&zdkY odyfta&;BuD;w,f/ pkwdpdwf

jzpfcgeD; aZmaumif;zdkYu tNrJ arwåmyGm;ol? tNrJ owdy|mef

yGm;ol 'DESpfrsdK;yJ aZmaumif;Ekdifw,f/ 'gaMumifh jA[®mhbHk

a&mufMuw,f/ arwåm pdwfaeoabmxm;u urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;

udkvJ jzpfay:apw,f/ arwåmu ukodkvftm;vHk;&JU tajccHygyJ/

tNrJwrf; tcspfcH&atmif

arwåm bm0em[m tvGefYudk tm;udk;avmufwJh vufeuf

yg/ owå0gtrsm; aumif;pm; csrf;omapcsifwJh arwåmpdwfudk

vlwkdif; owå0gwdkif; tay:rSm xm;&Sd&r,f/ 'Darwåm pdwfxm;

awG rsm;atmif yGm;atmif pdwful; nTwfudkif; ae&r,f? yGm;xHkae

&r,f? b,fNrdKU? b,fjynf? b,fvlrsdK;? tom;ta&mif?

trsdK;Zmwf bmrS rcGJjcm;&bl;/ uefYowfcsuf rxm;&bl;/

wd&pämefawGvJ csefrxm;&bl;/


owå0gudk rcGJjcm; ruefYowf&ovdk yGm;rsm;wJh a'o?

ae&m? tcsdefvJ ruefYowf&bl;? ta&SU? taemuf? awmif?

ajrmuf? xuf? atmuf? zDvm t&yfq,frsufESmvHk;? wpfEdkifiH

vHk;? wpfurÇmvHk;? pMu0Vm teEÅ rSef;arSsmftm½HkjyKNyD; yGm;ydkY

&ygw,f/

tifrwefrS tm;udk;avmufwJh vufeufyg/ bmAHk;vufeuf?

b,ftPkjrL? b,ftqdyfudkrS aMumufp&m rvkdwJh pdwfpGrf;tm;

[m b,favmuf tm;ukd;p&m aumif;w,fqkdwm ajymrjywwf

atmifyJ? urÇmhtaumif;qHk; vufeufBuD;ygyJ/

avmurSm wpfOD;u wpfOD;udk cspfcifMuw,fqkd&mrSm

ypönf;Opöm? tmPm? ½kyf&nf ponf wnf&Sdaewkef;yJ cspfMuwm/

ypönf;Opöm? tmPm? ½kyf&nf ponfawG[mvJ vlwpfa,mufrSm

tNrJ &SdaewJh t&nftcsif;awG r[kwfbl;/ tedpöw&m;awGyJ/

'gawGvJ r&Sdbl;? cspfcifaeolawGvJ ]&SJ} oGm;wmyJ r[kwfvm;/


arwåm"mwf yGm;xHkaeoludkawmh vla&mewfyg tm;vHk;u

cspfaeMuw,f? tNrJcspfaeMuw,f/ vlwum tcspfcH&wJhol[m

avmurSm bmvdkao;vJ/

rkom0g' tvSawG

aemufNyD; arwåmaMumifh vSwJh tvS[mvJ tvGefrS jrwfEdk;

p&m aumif;w,f/ rjrif&wJh nd§KU"mwfwpfrsdK;yJ/ wu,fhtvS?

wu,fh n§dKU"mwfyg/ txl;ojzifh trsdK;orD;awG[m ydkufqH

ukefcHNyD;? tvSjyKjyifqkdifawGrSm trsdK;rsdK; aq;qdk;? jzwfawmuf

NyD; tvSjyifMuw,f? wGefYaewJh ta&awGawmif vSD;jzwfNyD;?

temcHNyD; vSatmif vkyfaeMuw,f/

'D yuwdr[kwfwJh tvSawG[m tiSm;tvSawGyJ?

rn§mrwmajym&if vdrfvnfxm;wJh rkom0g' tvSawGyJ/

bkef;BuD; wpfcgu owif;pmxJrSm zwfvdkuf&zl;w,f?

toufBuD;wJh tbGm;BuD; wpfa,mufu jyefi,fcsifvdkY? i,frl

i,faoG; i,f½kyfjzpfcsifvdkY ydkufqHawGtrsm;BuD; tukefcHNyD;


cGJpdwftvSjyif pyg,f&S,fvpfxH oGm;w,f/ wGefYaewJh yg;a&awG

vSD;jzwfqufNyD; vSatmif vkyfay;vdkufw,f/

tvSjyifNyD;vdkY rSefxJMunfhvkdufwJhtcg olr tvGef pdwf

ysufoGm;w,f? csufcsif; tdrfjyefvmNyD; wHcg;awG? jywif;

aygufawG ydwfNyD;? tdyf&mxJ ypfvSJcsNyD; vSsyfppf "mwfaiGYESifh

oludk,fol owfaooGm;owJh/ owif;pmxJrSm zwf&zl;w,f/

Ak'¨bmomrSm tNrJcH&wJh i&Jr&Sd

tifrwef vScsif i,fcsifwJh tbGm;BuD; BuD;&muae

i,fawmhoGm;wmyJ? uav;tjzpf jyefarG;zGm;&NyDaygh/ 'gayr,fh

vlyJ jyefjzpfrvm;? ewfyJ jzpfrvm;? 'grSr[kwf tyg,fav;yg;yJ

oGm;rvm;? 'guawmh olvkyfcJhwJh uHw&m;t& jzpf&rSmyJ/

txl;rSwfom;p&m aumif;wmuawmh Ak'¨bmomrSm i&J

uscH&w,fqkdwm tNrJ cHoGm;&r,f qdkwm r&Sdbl;? olYuHw&m;

t& tcdkuftwefYyJ/


In Buddhism there are no permanent hells, but only

Transitory states of punishment.

Ak'¨bmomrSm i&JoGm;r,fhvljzpfjzpf? ewfjynfoGm;r,fhvl

jzpfjzpf aocgeD;&if udk,foGm;a&muf &r,fh bHkb0udk raocif

aocgeD;rSm BudKwifNyD; jrifMu&pNrJyJ/ Ak'¨pmayawGrSm tao

tcsm qkdxm;ygw,f/

tusnf;wef 'óeq&mBuD;\tvS

arwåmyGm;&if t½kyfqdk; tusnf;wefol jzpfayr,fh

rjrif&wJh nd§KU"mwf qGJiif"mwf&SdaevdkY vlwkdif;u cspfcif

av;pm;&w,f/ *&d'óe ynm&SdBuD; ]qkdua&;wD;pf} [m tvGef

t½kyfqdk;wJh ynm&SdBuD;yJvkdY olYtw¬KyÜwådrSm zwf&w,f/

'gayr,fh ol[m todynm&Sdol jzpfavawmh t[ðom arwåm

w&m;udk ol tNrJavhusifhw,f? vlwdkif;tay:udk aumif;pm;

csrf;omapvkdwJhpdwf tNrJ xm;w,f? 'ghaMumifh olYudk tm;vHk;u

cspfcifav;pm;Muygw,f/


arwåmqdkwJh twGif;qGJiif"mwf[m tjyifyef; tusnf;wef

wmawG atmifEkdifNyD;? olwpfbuf om;udk qGJaqmifEdkifw,f/

aevJ csrf;ajrhw,f? aovJ csrf;ajrhw,f/ 'gaMumifh arwåmudk

BuKd;pm; yGm;Mu&ygw,f/

The internal charm conquers the external ugliness and

makes a man attractive to others.

Loving-kindness makes you

Live happily and Die Happily

Ak'¨bmom &if;jrpfususavhvmrS

'Dae&mrSm rZÑredum,frSm vmwJh jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mwJh

qquúokwåefBuD;udk a[mjyygOD;r,f/ wpfck owdxm;Mu&rSmu

ax&0g' Ak'¨bmomudk trSefwu,f em;vnfcsifw,f qdk&if

[dku'Du pma&;q&mawG a&;wJh Ak'¨bmompmtkyfawG rzwf

oifhbl;/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif ukd,fawmfwdkif a[mMum;awmfrlxm;wJh

rl&if; ygVdawmfBuD;awGudk BudK;pm;zwf½Ioifhw,f/


prf;a&[m xGufpu MunfvifoefY&Sif;w,f? wpfpwpfp

pD;qif;&if ajrjyifay:vJ a&mufa&m npfEGrf;oGm;ovdkygyJ/

'ghaMumifh rl&if; bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfBuD;rsm;udk BudK;pm;zwf½I

avhvm oifhMuw,f/

When the waters come from the fountain, they are pure,

but when the waters fall to the ground, they become dirty.

qquúokwåefw&m;awmf

owdy|mef usifhpOfrSmvJ ]qquúokwf} eJYtnD wu,f

usifhoHk;aexdkifrS edAÁmef w&m;jrwf BuD;udk &Muw,f/

- 'Gg&ajcmufyg;ac: twGif; tm,we ajcmufyg;?

- tjyiftm½Hkajcmufyg;ac: tjyif tm,we ajcmufyg;/

- zóajcmufyg;?

- a0'emajcmufyg;?

- 0dnmPodrIajcmufyg;?


- wPSmajcmufyg; qdkwJh w&m; 36 yg; jzpfrI ysufrIt&

cGJpdwfa0zef ½IrSwfrS wPSm'd|d y,fowfEdkif&w,f/ uREfkyfwdkY

pOf;pm; pdwful;wJhtcg pdwfqdkwJh oabmw&m; yg0ifvmw,f/

tawG; t,ltqawGyJ/ pdwfeJY "r®m½Hk xdawGYvkdY odrIjzpfw,f/

zóvJ jzpfw,f/ a0'empdwfvJ jzpfw,f/ a0'emaMumifh

wPSmpdwfjzpfw,f/

'D 36 yg; w&m;udk cGJpdwf ½IrSwf avhvm&if NrJwJh twå?

yk*¾v? ZD0? 0dnmOfaumif r&SdwmvJ odjrifem;vnfvkdY

tewåÓPf &&Sdw,f/ rsufpdvJ rNrJ? ½lyg½HkvJ rNrJ? zóvJ rNrJ?

a0'emvJ rNrJ? rsufpdeJYodrIvJ rNrJ? rsufpduNzpfwJh wPSmvJ rNrJ

ponfjzifh ½IrSwfae&w,f/ tewåw&m;yJ &Sdaeawmhw,f/ rNrJwJh

w&m;rSm twå? yk*¾v? ZD0? 0dnmOfaumif r&Sdbl;/

ESvHk;oGif;rrSef? pdwfxm;raumif;vdkY 'D 36 yg; w&m;udkyJ

twå? yk*¾v? ZD0? 0dnmOfaumifvkdY t,lrSm;Muw,f/ ig? ighOpöm?

ightwåvdkY ,HkMunfaeMuw,f/ ]aewH rr? aeaom[ ro®d? e


ar aom twåm} vdkY tewåw&m;udk ½IrSwfem;vnf&w,f/

ouúm,'d|d y,fowfzkdYtwGuf 'Gg&ajcmufyg;? tm½Hkajcmufyg;?

zóajcmufyg; ponfukd igyJ? ighOpömyJ? ig\twåyJvkdY r½IyJ

tewåyJvkdY ½IMunfhae&w,f/ 'grS 0drkwådÓPf&NyD; 0drkwåd&oudk

awGYjrif&w,f/ 'DokwfvJa[mNyD;a&m &[ef;ajcmufusdyf tukef

&[EÅm jzpfMuw,f/ t0dZÆmarm ukefpifoGm;Muw,f/

edAÁmefw&m;? r*fw&m;qdkwm ckb0 cktcsdef ckae&mrSmyJ

&&r,f/ aoNyD;rS &wmr[kwf/ aoNyD;rS jzpfay:wJh w&m;r[kwf/

w&m;em&ifvJ edAÁmefw&m; &Edkifw,f/ pBuøavSsmufae&if;vJ

edAÁmef &Edkifw,f/ avmb? a'go? arm[y,fzkdY owdxm;

½IrSwfae&w,f/ oEÅdokcedAÁmef[m tvSrf;ra0;ygbl;? Xmeumv

r[kwfvdkY ra0;uGmygbl;/

Ak'¨a'oemESifh bmomw&m;

Ak'¨bmom r[kwfwJh yk*¾dKvftcsdKUu a0zef tjypfwifwm

udkvJ &Sif;zkdY vdkaew,f/ bkef;BuD;[m 'kwd, urÇmppftwGif;rSm


tDwvDEdkifiHom;qkdNyD; pkaygif; tusOf;pcef;rSm a&mufcJh&w,f/

tJ'DrSm tDwvD A&if*sDbkef;BuD;u Ak'¨bmomudk bmomw&m;

r[kwf? 'óeynmom jzpfw,fvdkY a[majymw,f/ bmom

w&m; [kwfaMumif; bkef;BuD;u jyef&Sif;w,f/

'Religion' bmomw&m; t"dyÜm,fudk &Sif;jy&&if 'ku©awG

aomuawGu vGwfajrmufatmif enf;vrf;ay;rI w&m;[m

"r®ygyJ/ xm0&wkdY twåwdkY yg0ifrS bmomw&m; jzpf&wm

r[kwf/ 'gawG ryg0ifaomfvJ Ak'¨bmomudk bmoma&;

w&m;"r® (Religion) vkdY ac:Ekdifygw,f/

wu,fvkdY urÇmrSm 'ku©awG? aomuawG r&Sdbl;qdk&if

b,f bmomw&m;rS ay:xGufvmrSm r[kwfygbl;/ c&pf,mef

bmom? Ak'¨bmomponf ay:xGufp&m r&Sdbl;/ vlowå0g

tm;vHk;rSm 'ku©awG aomuawG&SdvkdY bmoma&; ay:vm&wmyg/

bmoma&;u vlawGudk 'ku©awGY&if oufomrIay;w,f/ pdwfudk

azsmif;zs MunfEl;apw,f? eufeJwJh taMumif;? aorItaMumif;


ukd &Sif;jyw,f/ b0udk &Sif;jyw,f/ pdwfudk Nidrfoufapw,f/

'gaMumifh Ak'¨bmomvJ bmoma&; (Religion) ygyJ/ r*¾if&Spfyg;

usifhpOfeJY 'ku©tm;vHk; uif;aysmufapw,f/

'gaMumifh urÇmrSm taumif;qHk; bmomqkd&if Ak'¨bmom

w&m;"r® bmoma&; wpfckyJ &Sdw,f/ t&[wår*fÓPf?

t&[wåzkdvfÓPftxd &NyD;? oHa,mZOf q,fyg;qdkwJh 'ku©BuD;

udk ukefcef;apEdkifvdkY taumif;qHk; bmomygyJ/ tEko,

udavomtxd owfNyD; t&d,mjzpfapvdkY taumif;qHk; bmom

ygyJ/ 'ku©aomu y,fwJh udpöudk bmoma&;vdkY ac:w,f/

wjcm; bmom0ifawGu bmoma&; (Religion) udk t"dyÜm,f

wpfrsdK;em;vnfNyD; ajyma[maevdkY ½IyfaxG;oGm;w,f/ olwdkYu

xm0&bk&m;udk rSDckdtm;xm; &Sdcdk;ylaZmf,HkMunfrI&SdrS bmoma&;

vkdY em;vnfaeMuw,f/

wu,fh bmoma&;udk wdwdusus ajym&&if avmb?

a'go? arm[ ab;tEÅ&m,fudk ajz&Sif;y,fzsufrI[m bmoma&;


yJ/ 'gaMumifh pdwfaumif;&Sdol&JU tjrifrSm bmoma&;qkdwm

,Ofaus;rIvkyfief;yJvdkY odjrifNyD; udk,fEIwfpdwf ,Ofaus;atmif

avhusifhaeMuw,f/ wjcm; bmom0ifawGu zefqif;&Sif xm0&

bk&m;udk tav;xm; rSDcdkjyD; 0wfjyK qkawmif;wmawGudkrS

bmoma&;vdkY t"dyÜg,f jyefaeMuw,f/

uREkfyfwdkY Ak'¨¨bmom0ifrsm;uvJ 'God'udk udk;uG,fygw,f/

]a*gh'f} qdkwm t<uif;rJh jyD;jynfhpHkwJh yk*d¾Kvf jzpfvdkUygyJ/

rSefygw,f/ vlwpfa,muf[m t<uif;rJh NyD;jynfhpHkol jzpfvQif

xdkol[m }a*gh'f} ygyJ/ tjrwfqHk; udk;uG,f&mygyJ/

t<uif;rJh NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;xuf jrifhjrwfwJh ]a*gh'f} qdkwm

r&SdEdkifygbl;/ a*gwrAkk'¨[m avmb? a'go? arm[? rme?

remvdk 0efwdkrI paom pdwftnpftaMu; tm;vHk;udk t<uif;rJh

jzwfawmufjyD;jzpfvdkY t<uif;rJh NyD;jynfhpHkNyD; jzpfygw,f/

opömw&m;xuf jrifhjrwfaom ]a*gh'f} qdkwmvJ r&SdEdkif

ygbl;/ tu,fí opömw&m; t<uif;rJh jynhfpHkjcif;xuf


jrifhjrwfaom ]a*gh'f} wpfpHkwpf&m &SdrnfqdkvQif xdk ]a*gh'f} onf

t<uif;rJh jynhfpHkaom ]a*gh'f} rjzpfEdkifyg/

a*gwrAk'¨[m vlom;wpfOD;tjzpf arG;zGm;cJhaomfvnf;

avmb tpGef;txif;? a'go tpGef;txif;? arm[ tpGef;

txif; r&Sd? t<uif;rJh jynhfpHkoljzpfí ]God = a'0} vdkY ac:yg

w,f/ ]a'0gwda'0 = ewfwdkUxufewf? God of Gods} jzpfyg

w,f/ 'gaMumifh Akk'¨bmom[m zDavmfaqmfzD oufouf r[kwf?

odyHÜenf;us bmom? zDavmfaqmfzDESifhvJ tMunhfcHEdkifaom

bmomvdkY qdkEdkifygw,f/

edAÁmefudk aMumufaeMuolrsm;

bmomjcm; yk*d¾¾KvftcsdKUu edAÁmefqdkwm taoBuD;

aooGm;wJh udpöyJvdkY tjypfwif uJh&JUpmawG a&;cJhzl;w,f/

wcsdKUuvJ edAÁmefqdkwm tdyfrufrrufbJ tdyfaysmfaerIyJvdkY

qdkMuw,f/ yk*d¾Kvfowå0g aysmufuG,foGm;vdkY aMumufp&mBuD;

vdkY xifrSwfolu xifrSwfaeMuw,f/


wu,fawmh edAÁmefqdkwm tocFw"mwfvJjzpf? oEdÅokcvJ

jzpf? 'ku©eda&m"opömvJ jzpfvdkY txGwftxdyf Edk;Mum;rIyJ/ oDv?

orm"d? ynm ckdifNrJrIyg/ tdyfrufb0uae opömw&m; odjrif

Edk;Mum;w,f/ ÓPfynm yGifhvif;aeawmh tjrifrSm; t,lrSm;

'd|dtm;vHk; uif;pifw,f/

wu,fawmh b0qdkwmu tdyfrufyJ/ b0rSm aexdkifrIu

tdyfrufaexdkifrIyJ/ b0[m rD;avmifaerIyJ/ avmu[m wHvQyf?

a&yGufyJ/ ykxkZOfawGu avmb? a'go? arm[ 'd|drsufpdeJY

Munfh½Iawmh 'Gg&ajcmufyg;rSm udavomrD; avmifaew,f/

edAÁmefudk odvJrod? BudKufvJ rBudKufbl;/ jrwfpGmbk&m;tp&SdwJh

t&d,m awGu edAÁmefudk odvJod BudKufvJBudKufw,f/ yk*d¾Kvf

twå ZD0r&Sd uG,fyaevdkY taoBuD; aoaewmvdkY xifMuw,f/

xm0& tdyfaysmfrI r[kwfbl;/ rD;q,fhwpfyg; csKyfNidrf;oGm;wJh

tdyfaysmfrI oabmyJ/ t&d,mjzpfatmif avhusifh&if rD;Nidrf;w,f/

Ak'¨jrwfpGmvJ rD;Nidrf;w,f/


It is not an annihilation or nothing. edAÁmefqdkwm bmrS

r&SdwJh[mrsdK;vJ r[kwfbl;/ ckb0rSmyJ vufiif; cHpm;vdkY &w,f/

'D tNidrf;"mwfac: edAÁme"mwf opömw&m;udk ckb0

cktcsdefrSmyJ &Edkifw,f/ aemifb0usrS &r,fh edAÁmefrsdK;

r[kwfbl;/ 'gudkodvdkY bkef;BuD; Ak'¨bmomudk ul;ajymif;

vdkufw,f/

Ak'¨bmom[m tqdk;jrif0g'vm;

tJ'D a&mrA&if*sD bkef;BuD;uyJ ]]Ak'¨bmom[m 'Pessimism'

pdwfysufp&m? tm;avQmhp&m tqkd;jrif0g'yJ}} vdkY a[majym

jyefw,f/

'Db0rSmyif edAÁmeftxd twkr&Sdcsrf;omudk ay;EdkifwJh

Ak'¨bmomudk bmaMumifh pdwfysuf&rSmvJ/ tqkd;jrif0g' jzpf&

rSmvJ/ bmaMumifh tm;avQmh vufavQmh ae&rSmvJ/ wu,f

tm;wufp&m taumif;qHk; bmomBuD;ygyJ/ ckb0rSmyJ b0'ku©?


b0aomuawG ukefqHk;&r,fvdkY r[mowdy|me okwfawmfrSm

uwd0efcHcsufay;xm;wm tm;wufp&mBuD;yJ/ xm0&csrf;om

okcqdkwm edAÁmefokc? oEÅdokcom&SdvdkY r*¾if&Spfyg; avhusihf

&w,f/ r*¾iftusifhaMumifh oEdÅokc &aeMuNyD/

'gaMumifh urÇmay:rSm tBuD;us,fqHk; orm;awmfBuD;qdkwm

Ak'¨jrwfpGmygyJ/

r[mork'´&mBuD;rSm iefwJht&om wpfckwnf;&Sdovdk

jrwfpGmbk&m; omoemrSm 0drkwdå&o (vGwfajrmufrIt&om)

wpfckyJ yef;wdkif&Sdw,fvdkY jywfom;pGm a[mawmfrlcJhw,f/

'ku©u vGwfajrmufwJh Ak'¨bmomudk pdwfnpfp&m? pdwfysufp&m?

tm;avQmhp&m bmomvdkY rpGyfpGJEdkifbl;/

Oyrm iSufzsm;a&m*gonfudk q&m0efu iSufzsm;aq;ay;vdkY

ukoaysmufoGm;&if q&m0efESifh tJ'Daq;[m pdwfysufp&m

tm;avQmhp&mvm;/


opömav;yg;rSm r*¾opömqdkwm a&m*gawG aysmufwJhaq;

ygyJ/ umr*kPfokc vdkcsifwmawG? xm0&bHk? xm0&twå

vdkcsifwmawG[m 'ku©jzpfaMumif; ork',opömygyJ/ 'Gg&tm½Hk

t& aysmf&TifrI[m csrf;omrI r[kwfbl;/ qif;&JrI tppfygyJ/

b,fawmhrS ra&mifh&J? rwif;wdrfMubl;/ umrokc cHpm;ae

ol[m edAÁmef&wJhol r[kwfbl;/ qmjyD;&if; qm&if; qmavmif

rGwfodyfjcif;om jzpfaeawmh 'g... qif;&Jjcif;ygyJ/

'gaMumifh ajymif;jyeftusihfudk usifh&r,f/ 'Gg&ajcmufyg;?

tm½Hkajcmufyg;t& aysmf&TifrIudk owdynmÓPfeJY pGefYvTwf

ypfawmh edAÁmefcsrf;om tckb0rSmyJ &Muw,f/ rNrJwJhcsrf;omudk

pGefYypfrS NrJwJhcsrf;omudk &w,f/ t&d,mwdkY oGm;wJhvrf;udk

vdkuf&r,f/ ykxkZOfwdkYoGm;wJhvrf;udk rvdkuf&bl;/ qmavmif

rGwfodyfrIuif;NyD; rD;q,fhwpfyg;vJ csKyfNidrf;w,f/ xm0&

tNidrf;okcvdkY ac:w,f/ rD;arT;p&m rD;jcpfqHESifh xif;r&Sdawmh

rD;topf rawmufavmifawmhbl;/ 'grS okc tppftrSefyJ/


pdwfynmq&mBuD;awGuvJ twår&Sd ZD0r&SdvdkY ajymaeMuNyD/

a&GUvsm;aewJhpdwfom&SdvdkY wpfcPrSm pdwfvJ wpfckNyD;wpfck

ajymif;vJoGm;w,f/ 'Dajymif;vJaewJh y&rw¬ tedpöw&m; ½IvdkY

prf;oyfvdkY &ygw,f/ 'Dvdk pdwfudk ½Iwm r*¾¾opöm? wu,fh

qif;&Ju vGwfatmif ydkYaqmifEdkifwJh wpfckwnf;aom vrf;r

awmfBuD;ygyJ/

tm;vHk; csrf;omMuygap? ckb0rSmyJ edAÁmef&Muygap/

om"k... om"k... om"k...


11/ todtjrif pifMu,fa&; w&m;awmf

omoemjyK t&nftcsif;rsm;

atmifjrifaom omoemjyK[lonfrSm tb,fenf;/ t&nf

tcsif;&SdrSom atmifjrifEdkifygw,f/ t&nftcsif;rsm;rSm &Spfyg;

&Sdw,f/

1/ Oy"dt*Fg&kyfaumif;jyD; wuf<uEdk;Mum;aom trlt&m

&Sd&r,f/ qGJaqmifrI r&Sdaom Oy"dt*Fg&kyfonf tiftm;rygí

tm;enf;csuf jzpfaeygw,f/ tiftm;ygaom t*Fg&kyf Oy"d&kyfudk

pdwf0ifpm; av;pm;Muygw,f/

2/ acwfbGJY odkYr[kwf odyÜHÜHynm&yftajccH odjrifwwfod

jcif;/ wuúodkvfrS bGJYwpfckck &&r,f/ odkYrSom EdkifiHjcm;rSm

&Sif;jyEdkifjcif;? tar;tajz udpörSm atmifjrifpGm aqmif&Guf

Edkifjcif; jzpfygw,f/ odyÜHenf;us w&m;a[mwwf&r,f/


3/ arwåm? u½kPm pdwfxm;&Sd&r,f/ pdwfqwf

a'goBuD;olonf ratmifjrifay/ arwåm? u½kPm pdwf&SdrS

vltrsm;u ajympum;udk vufcHMuygw,f/

4/ ta[mtajymudpöööü wwfuRrf;vdr®mjcif; &Sd&r,f/

ta[mtajym nHhzsif;olonf taMumif;t&m aumif;ygvsuf

ratmifjrifay/ ajyma[mwwfrS atmifjrifí enf;pepfrSefrSef

avhusifhxm;&r,f/

5/ rdrdudk,fwdkifvnf; odu©m&Sd&Sd aexdkif&r,f/ oDv?

orm"d? ynm avhusifh&r,f/ rdrd ajymovdk rdrdvkyf/

rdrdvkyfovdk olrsm;udk ajymyg/ þenf;jzifh trsm;u ,HkMunf

udk;pm;NyD; vdkufemMuw,f/

6/ w&m;a'oemrsm;tay: rdrdukd,fwkdif oHo, 0dpdudpäm

uif;&Sif;NyD; jzpfae&r,f/ odkYrSom olrsm;\ tar;ykpäm

oHo,rsm;udk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; ajzqdkjyoEdkifw,f/ w&m;

tay:rSm oHo,&Sdolonf omoemjyK r[kwfay/


7/ okwf? 0denf;? tbd"r®mw&m;udk ususee avhusifh

odxm;&r,f/ w&m;tpHktvif oif,lxm;rS pHkvifpGm a[mjy

Edkifw,f/ tESpfom&udk azmfjyEdkifw,f/

8/ bmomjcm; pum;wpfckck wwfuRrf;í ajymqdkwwf

&r,f/ olwdkY\ pum;udk wwfrS olwdkY em;vnfEdkifw,f/

bmompum; wwfolom omoemjyKaumif; jzpfw,f/

þwGif owday;p&m &Sdygw,f/ Ak'¨omoemjyK yk*d¾Kvfonf

w&m;ao0g't& w&m;ao ½dk;½dk;BuD; ajyma[maevQif

vnf;aumif;? tvGwfusufrSwfxm;wmudkom ajyma[maevQif

vnf;aumif; EdkifiHjcm;om;wdkYu rESpfoufMuay/ rdrdwdkY\

udk,fydkifÓPf enf;pepft& wDxGifí qDavsmfpGm ajyma[mwwf

&r,f/ rdrdESvHk;om;xJu odjrif,HkMunfrIudk wjcm;yk*¾dKvfrsm;\

ESvHk;om; xJodkY ydkUaqmifay;wwf&r,f/ ,HkMunfcsuft&om

a[majym&r,f/ pmt& a[majymrIrSm rxda&mufay/


t"dywdpdwf"mwf &Sd&rnf

Ak'¨omoemonf opömav;yg; w&m;"r® jzpfaomaMumifh

*dkPf;uGJp&m r&Sdyg/ *dkPf;tcsif;csif; nDnGwfoifhjrwfpGm aexdkif

&r,f/ oHCmh*dkPf;ruGJ&ef jrwfpGmbk&m;u owday;NyD;

*dkPf;uGJrIonf tjypfBuD;av;aMumif; &Sif;jyawmfrlcJhw,f/

oHCab'u uHudk a&Smif&r,f/ NrdKU&Gmvlrsm; *dkPf;ruGJ&ef

OD;aqmif&r,f/ Ak'¨bmom qdkolwdkUonf nDnGwfMu&r,f/

nDnGwfjcif;onf tiftm;jzpfí omoem jyefYyGm;Edkifw,f/

Ak'¨bmom ,Ofaus;rIausmif; wwfEdkifoavmuf

wnfaxmifzGifhvSpfyg/ q&m'um nDnGwfvQif Ak'¨bmom

,Ofaus;rIausmif; zGifh&ef rcJ,Of;yg/ Ak'¨bmom aeYxl;aeYjrwf

rsm;wGif tvkyfydwf&uf ausmif;ydwf&uf&&ef qufvuf BudK;pm;

Muyg/

*dkPf;uGJjym;rI rnDnGwfrIrSm a'got&if;cHaMumifh jzpfay:

aeMuw,f/ vlawGu ig;yg;oDvcH,lNyD; apmifhxdef;onf[k


ajymMuaomfvnf;? ig;yg;oDvrSm arwåm apwemw&m; yg0if

aMumif; rodMuay/ ig;yg;oDv apmihfxdef;olonf arwåmpdwf

&Sdí nDnGwfMuw,f/ arwåmw&m;&SdrS ig;yg;oDv wduspGm

apmifhxdef;Edkifw,f/ udk,fEIwfjzifh oDvapmihfovdk pdwfjzifhvnf;

oDv apmihfxdef;&w,f/ owfcsif cdk;csif jypfrSm;csif vdrfcsif

t&ufaomufcsifaom pdwfudk owdxm; umuG,f&r,f/

nDnGwfa&;twGuf udk,fusdK;pGefU tepfemcH&r,f/

xdkYaMumifh arwåmw&m;taMumif; t"duxm;NyD; &Sif;vif;jy

ygr,f/ arwåmw&m;u udk,fusdK;&SmrIudk y,fzsufNyD; edAÁmefodkY

ydkYay;aeygw,f/

pdwf"mwftiftm; aumif;rGefwdk;wuf&ef t"dywdw&m;

av;yg; (The four ways to psychic power) udk yGm;rsm;aeMu

&r,f/

1/ qE´m"dywdqdkonfrSm &nf&G,fcsuf NyD;ajrmufap&ef

pdwfqE´jyif;jyrI xufoefrI qHk;jzwfxm;rIudk qdkvdkygw,f/


2/ 0D&d,m"dywd qdkonfrSm þqHk;jzwfcsufESifhtnD

rjzpfrae ZGJoefoef vHkUv0D&d, tm;xkwf BudK;pm;jcif;udk qdkvdk

ygw,f/

3/ pdwåm"dywdqdkonfrSm pdwfxm;aumif;rGef ESvHk;oGif;

rSefjcif;udk qdkvdkygw,f/

4/ 0DrHom"dywdqdkonfrSm pOf;pm;pdwful; qef;ppfa0zef

aom todÓPf&SdrIudk qdkvdkygw,f/ t&m&m pHkprf; ppfaq;ae

&r,f/

qE´? 0D&d,? pdwf? ynm [laom t"dywdav;yg; &SdaevQif

orm"dw&m;udk &&SdEdkifw,f/ orm"d tm;aumif;aomtcg

£'d̈yg'f wefcdk; tbd̈ddnmOfrsm;udk &&Sdygw,f/ þt"dywd

pdwfxm;udk arG;jrLNyD;? arwåmu&kPmyGm;NyD; pdwfoefY&Sif;

pifMu,frIudk &&Sdatmif vkyfMu&r,f/


vlaumif;jzpf&ef ewfwrefEdI;aqmf

oHa0*&Edkif&ef a'0'lwokwfawmfudk qufvuf a[mjy

ygr,f/ a'0'lwqdkwm ewfwrefyJ/ ewfwrefig;yg;u vlom;

awGudk aeYpOf owday;aew,f/ tjrifrSef? t,lrSef or®m'd|d&SdrS

ok*wdb0 edAÁmef&NyD; tjrifrSm;? t,lrSm;wJhtcg i&Jus 'ku©©

awGU&w,f/ Ak'¨bmomw&m;t& i&J[mvJ acwåbHkyJ/ xm0&

i&JrSm xm0&'ku©cHolvdkY r&Sdbl;/ i&JbHkrSm i&Jom;&JU tBuD;trSL;

,rrif;qdkwm &Sdw,f/ ,rrif;u i&J a&mufvmoludk ppfaq;

ar;jref;avh&Sdw,f/ vlUb0wkef;u ukodkvfrI &Sd? r&Sd owday;

ppfaq;w,f/

1/ yxra'0'lw ar;jref;wmu ]]tdk vlom;? oif[m

arG;zGm;cgu uav;i,fudk rjrifcJhbl;vm;/ arG;cgp uav;i,f

udk yufvufuav; ae&wmjrif&vdkY igvJ 'DvdkyJ y#doaE¨0rf;xJ

aecJh&NyD; uav;i,fb0rSm tiftm;r&Sd? olrsm;u ulnDauR;arG;

rSom touf&Sif&w,f? y#doaE¨ Zmwd'ku©[m odyfBuD;rm;vdkY


Zmwdukef&m tusifhusifh&r,fvdkYrsm; qifjcifpOf;pm; pdwful;rd

ovm;/ oHa0*ÓPf &,lcJhovm;/}}

i&J a&mufolu 'Dvdk rpOf;pm;? oHa0*ÓPfvJ r&cJhygvdkY

tppfcHvQif olUudk i&Jxdef;awGu ESdyfpufMu&w,f/ olYtjypfeJY

olcH&wm/

2/ 'kwd,a'0'lw ewfwrefac:wJh ewf&JU owday;rIu

]]tdkrif;½IHUwGaewJh oltdkawGudk rjrifcJhbl;vm;/ tJ'Dvdk jrifawmh

igvJ olUvdkyJ tdkab;'ku©BuD; cHpm;&r,f/ tdkab;'ku©u

vGwfajrmufatmif w&m;pdwfarG; w&m;tm;xkwf&r,fvdkY oHa0*

ÓPf &,lcJhovm;}} vdkY ar;r,f/ oHa0*ÓPf r&,lcJhygvdkY

ajzqdkvQif olYudk ,rrif;u i&Jxdef;awGqD ydkUtyfvdkufw,f/

olY&JU ÓPfynmowd r&SdrI tjypfygyJ/

3/ wwd,a'0'lw ewfwref&JU owday;csufuawmh

vlemawGygyJ/ ]]toif[m vlemawG? a&m*g&olawG a&m*g

tESdyfpufcH&olawGudk jrifzl;ovm;/ tJ'D vlemawG a&m*gonf


awG jrifawmh igvJ wpfaeY em&? a&m*gcH&r,f? a&m*gab;'ku©rS

vGwfajrmufzdkY w&m;avhusifh&r,fvdkY oHa0*ÓPf &,lcJhovm;}}

ar;r,f/ oHa0*ÓPf r,lcJhbl;vdkU ajzqdkvQif ,rrif;vJ

rulnDEdkifbl;/

4/ pwkw¬a'0'lw ewfwref&JU owday;csufuawmh

]vlUjynfrSm tjypfusL;vGefvdkY 'PfcwfcH&? acgif;jzwfcH&?

ESdyfpufcH&olawG rjrifcJhbl;vm;/ tJ'Dvdk jrifcdkufrSm igvJ

acgif;jzwfcH&r,f? igvJ 'Dvdk ab;'PfcH&r,fvdkY oHa0*jzpfjyD;?

'Dvdk 'ku©u vGwfatmif BudK;pm;r,fvdkY pdwful;tMuHÓPf

ay:vm;} vdkY ar;r,f/ 'Dvdk pdwful; rjzpfcJhygvdkY ajz&if ,rrif;

vJ ru,fEdkifbl;/

5/ yOöra'0'lw ewfwref&JU owday;csufuawmh

]]oif[m vlUjynfrSmaecdkuf vlao tavmif;awG rjrifcJhbl;vm;/

'Dvdkjrifawmh igvJ ao&rSmyJ/ aoab;'ku©u vGwfajrmufatmif

w&m;pdwfarG;NyD; w&m;tm;xkwfr,fvdkY oHa0*ÓPf ray:


bl;vm;}} vdkY xyfrH ppfaq;vdrfhr,f/ oHa0*ÓPf r&,lcJhygvdkY

ajz&if ,rrif;u ru,fEdkifbl;/

vlUjynfrSm pdwfaumif;arG; w&m;tm;xkwf? oHa0*ÓPf

&,l? ukokdvfjyKcJh&if ,rrif;u i&Ju vTwfay;avh &Sdygw,f/

olvkyfcJhwJh ukokdvfudk owd&atmif ar;avh&Sdygw,f/ ar;vdkY

r&&if i&Jxdef;awGu olUudk ac:,loGm;jyD; rD;xJcs? oHvHk;

oHcRefeJY xdk;ESufESdyfpufw,f/ tukokdvf BuD;BuD;vkyfwJholudk

r[mt0Dpdi&JrSm MumMumESdyfpufMuw,f/ tNrJ rD;avmifcH&jyD;?

tukodkvfuH ukefrS uRwfvGwfw,f/

aoNyD; i&JusolawGu ydkrsm;

i&J&SpfxyfrSm tqifhqifh ajymif;vJcH&vdkY tukodkvfpdwful;

tvkyfawGudk a&SmifMuOfoifhygw,f/ avm[ukrDÇi&J ponfwdkYudk

a'0'lwokwfrSm tus,f bk&m;a[mcJhygw,f/ wu,fodvdkY

wu,f a[mawmfrlcJhwmyg/ ayghayghqq rxifrSwf&bl;/ i&J

qdkwm tukodkvftwGuf &SdpNrJyg/ vlawGu tcsdKUom i&J


usw,fvdkY xifrSwfaeMuw,f/ vlUjynfu aoNyD; ok*wdbHk

a&mufwmu eJeJ? i&Jusolu trsm;BuD;yg/ vltrsm;pk[m

i&JbHkudkyJ oGm;Muw,fvdkY jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlw,f/

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t½lypsmef? e0ru pwkw¬t½lypsmefyJ/


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avmurSm r&Sdawmhbl;/


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vGwfajrmufrSmrdkY edAÁmefqkyJ awmif;Muyg/

tm;vHk; csrf;omMuygap/

('The Light of Truth' trnfjzifh xkwfa0aom

puFmylESifh rav;&Sm;ü a[mMum;onfh w&m;rsm; þwGifNyD;\/)


'ku©vGwfajrmufa&;odyÜHac: Ak'¨omoem

BUDDHISM: THE SCIENCE OF

DELIVERANCE

(þtcef;yg taMumif;rsm;rSm

tar&duef avmhpftif*svDNrdKUü omoemjyKpOf

a&;om;xkwfa0aom pmtkyfyg taMumif;rsm; jzpfygonf/)

uREfkyfonf a&S;xHk; tpOftvmaumif;t& Ak'¨jrwfpGmudk

OD;pGm&Sdcdk; ylaZmfuefawmhygonf/

earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó/

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jynfhpHkawmfrlaom? udk,fwdkif opömav;yg; trSefw&m;udk

odawmfrlaom Ak'¨jrwfpGmudk OD;pGm &Sdcdk;ylaZmf uefawmhyg\

jrwfpGmbk&m;/


Adoration to Him the Exalted One, the Perfect One, the

Supremely Awakened One.

Ak'¨bmom w&m;awmfum; urÇmhbmomBuD; tmvHk;wGif

odyÜHenf;us obm0rdaom wpfckwnf;aom bmomw&m;BuD;

jzpfw,f/ þodyÜHenf;us bmomBuD;uomvQif owå0gwdkY

&ifqdkifae&aom 'ku©rsdK;pHkrS vGwfajrmufapaomaMumifh

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Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ w&ma'oemwdkYonfvnf; aMumif;usdK;,kwåd

t&SdqHk;? qifjcifwHk w&m;ESifh tnDnGwfqHk;? odyÜHoabm

w&m;ESifh tudkufnDqHk;qdkwm xif&Sm;ygw,f/

(þüvnf; ]]uREkfyf a&mrA&if*sDbmom0if ½dkrifuufovpf

t,lrS tb,fyHk Ak'¨bmomodkY ul;ajymif;cJh&oenf;}}

acgif;pOfjzifh þpmtkyf yxrqHk;w&m;ü azmfjycJhonfhtwdkif;

OD;pGm azmfjyonf/)


uREfkyf bmhaMumifh Ak'¨bmomjzpfvm&oenf;

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,cktcsdefrSmyJ &&SdEdkifNyD;? aoNyD;rS yef;wdkifudk &&Sdjcif; r[kwfyg/


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&r,f... wJh/

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vlom;jzpfí vlom;wpfOD; jyKEdkifcJhwmudk usefvlom;rsm;uvJ

vdkufvkyfvdkY &Edkifygw,f/


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wnf;aom r*¾ifusifhpOf[m ocsFmodyÜH? ½lyaA'odyÜHvdkyJ wdus

cdkifrmNyD; vufawGYprf;oyf ppfaq;MunfhvdkY &&Sdygw,f/

3/ Ak'¨a'oem\ txl;jcm;qHk;rSm ]tewåa'oem? tewå

vu©Pokwfawmf} yif jzpfygw,f/ pMu0VmwpfckvHk; ½kyf"mwf

emrf"mwf cE¨mig;yg; tedpö 'ku© tewåw&m;om&SdNyD;? twåZD0?

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yGifhvif;pGm a[mjyaom bmomjzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh rjrJrI

tedpöw&m;? qif;&JrI 'ku©w&m;? twår&SdrI tewåw&m;udk

½IrSwfNyD; rjrJaomavmuudk pGefYvTwfvdkufaomtcg twkr&Sd

rGefjrwfcsrf;om cdkifjrJaom tjrwfqHk; edAÁmefw&m;udk &&SdMu

ygw,f/


Ak'¨0g'ü qkawmif;0wfjyKrI ryg

4/ Ak'¨omoemüomvQif y#dpöorkyÜm'fw&m;awmf (b0\

jzpfpOf taMumif;ESifh tusdK;rsm;) udpöudk Mum;emMu&w,f/

tjcm; bmomBuD;rsm;rSm vHk;0 ryg&SdMuyg/ y#dpöorkyÜm'f

tEkavmr jzpfpOf[m 'ku©oHo&m b0jzpfNyD;? y#davmr

(y#dpöorkyÜm'f&yfpJrI) [m 'ku©eda&m" = 'ku©b0oHo&m

csKyfNidrf;rIBuD;yif jzpfygw,f/

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- Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd - Itake refuge in the Buddha.

- "r®H o&PH *pämrd - Itake refuge in the Dhamma.

- oHCH o&PH *pämrd - Itake refuge in the Samgha.

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a'opm&D <ucsDawmfrlcJhyHkudk tm;usaomaMumifh jzpfygw,f/

Ak'¨jrwfpGm[m tbdnmOfjzifh <ujref;Edkifaomfvnf; &moufyef

a'opm&Dc&D; <ujref;awmfrlavh&Sdygw,f/

bkef;BuD;rSm ouFef;oHk;xnf oydwfwpfvHk;jzifh jyifopfjynf

awmifydkif; rmaq;NrdKUrS ajcusifc&D;pNyD; xGufcJh&m jyifopfEdkifiH?

qGpfZmvefEdkifiH? MopBwD;,m;? ,l*dkqvm;AD;,m;? qmAD;,m;?

blvfa*;&D;,m;? wl&uD? qD;&D;,m;? ygvufpwdkif; EdkifiHwdkYrS

wqifh ,lza&;wpfjrpfem;wdkifatmif bkef;BuD;avQmufygw,f/

awmifydkif; Oa&myu at&Sm;rdkif;em;txd &SpfvMumatmif

awmawmif c&D;Murf;udk ukefvrf;c&D; oGm;cJh&w,f/


vrf;c&D;rSm olawmfpifyk*¾dKvfrsm;? vl,kwfrmrsm;? vlYbDvl;

rsm;? olawmfpifvJr[kwf ol,kwfrmvJ r[kwfaom vlrsm;

trsKd;rsKd;udk awGYBuHKcJh&ygw,f/ obm0uay;wJh pGefYpm;cef;

trsKd;rsKd;awG ygyJ/ ajcmufBudrfwdwd vlqdk;rsm;\ aoewf?

"m;rsm;eJY &ifqdkifcJh&ygw,f/

&efolY"m;atmufu arwåm

txufyg oJxdwf&ifzdk pGefYpm;cef;rsm;teuf aMumufruf

zG,f taumif;qHk; tawGYtBuHKwpfck ajymyg&ap/

wl&uDjynf awmifydkif; wdk;&yfpfawmifwef;rsm;udk ajcvsif

c&D;Murf; jzwfoef;oGm;&pOf wl&uDvlqdk; "m;jyrsm;ESifh awGYqHk

rd&m bkef;BuD;udk zrf;NyD; wdwfqdwfaomae&mudk ac:,loGm;Mu

ygw,f/ vlqdk;rsm;u olwdkY&JU "m;rsm; xufrxuf prf;Munfh&ef

bkef;BuD;&JY vnfyif;udk jzwfypfrnfvdkY t&dyftjcnfjzifh

jyMuw,f/ olwdkY\ "m;rsm; xufrxufudk olwdkYu bkef;BuD;&JU

vnfyif;udk wpfcsufwnf; ckwfjzwfMunfhr,fvdkY vkyfaqmifae


wkef; jrwfpGmbk&m;&JY aus;Zl;*kPfudk atmufarhaerdygw,f/

bkef;BuD;rSm ckcHp&m bmvufeufrS r&Sd/ aozdkYu eD;aeNyD?

bmwufEdkifawmhrSmvJ/

&Sm;yg;í wefzdk;rjzwfEdkifaom jzpf&yf

odkYaomf Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ rdefYcGef;awmfudk ajy;NyD; owd&rd

wmu owå0gtm;vHk;tay: tuefYowfrJh arwåmpdwfudk

yGm;rsm;vQif rnfonfh tqdyfrD; "m;vufeufrQ rxdcdkufEdkifqdkwJh

arwåma'oem jzpfygw,f/ tvGef awGYBuHKcJwJh udk,fawGY

jzpf&yfwpfck &vdkufwmygyJ/ 'geJY uJ... rxl;bl;? arwåmvufeuf

udk toHk;jyKzdkY tcsdefyJqdkNyD; wifysOfacGxdkifvdkufw,f/ owfrnfh

olESifhwuG avmutm;vHk;udk arwåmpdwfjzefYvsuf ydkYoae

ygw,f/ wu,f tcuftcJawGYBuHKvQif arwåm0g'om tm;udk;

&m &Sdygw,f/ wifysOfacG rsufpdrSdwfNyD; arwåmyGm;aevdkufw,f/

bkef;BuD;&JU vG,ftdwfudkvJ ab;z,fxm;vdkufw,f/


arwåmokwfawmfrSm ]rdcifu wpfOD;wnf;aom om;i,fudk

oem;Muifem u½kPmpdwf? arwåmpdwfjzifh toufay;NyD;

ulnDapmifha&Smufaeovdk cyfodrf;aom owåm0g taumif;tqdk;

tm;vHk;tay:ü arwåm tnDtrQvTrf;rdk;xm;&r,f} vdkY rdefYMum;

enf;ay;awmfrlwmvJ aumif;aumif; owd&aeygw,f/

]igu rdcif? 'Dvlqdk;awGu igh om;orD;awG/} tJovdk

pdwfxm;NyD; ]]olwdkY rdkufMuayr,fh cspfp&m aumif;ygw,f/ igh

om;ESpfa,muftwGuf ig toufpGefYvTwf vª'gef;awmhr,f/

ighom; ESpfa,muf csrf;omMuygap}} 'Dpdwfjzifh olwdkYtay:rSm

arwåmydkYoaeygw,f/ aoaygufao0usrS orm"d& arwåmpdwf

jyif;xefNyD; jzefYusufEdkifwmudkyJ udk,hfudkudk,f tHhMordygw,f/

cktcsdefxd wu,fwef; arwåmydkYorI vkyfief;udk ,ckuJhodkY

rvkyfcJhzl;ao;yg/ arwåmvufeuf wpfckom&Sdaeí pGJpGJJNrJNrJ

tpGrf;ukef toHk;csvdkufrdw,f/ bkef;BuD; ao&rSmukdyif


raMumufawmhyg/ vlqdk;rsm;&JU "m;vufeuf ukwfay:rSm

b,fvdk usvmrvJ qdkwmom apmifhpm;aerdawmhw,f/

þtcsdefrSm wpfrdepf[m ESpfaygif;wpfoef;ESifh nDrQ

aeovm; xif&ygw,f/ rMumrD vlqdk;rsm;u bkef;BuD;udk

qGJxlNyD; oGm;csif&m oGm;ayawmhvdkY vTwfvdkufygw,f/

"m;jyvlqdk;wdkY[m olwdkY&JU rdcif arwåm&Sif bkef;BuD;udk

rowf&ufMuawmhbl;aygh/ teEÅarwåmomvQif BuD;rm;aom

tEÅ&m,frS vGwfajrmufapEdkifygw,f/ tJovdk aorif;

EIwfcrf;0u vGwfajrmufvmcJhNyD; ,aeYxd touf&Sifaejcif;[m

]tydk&ufrsm;rSm ae&rI} yJ/ xdkaeYu xdkae&mrSm {uef ao&rnf

r[kwfygvm;/ teEÅarwåmqdkwJh tBuD;qHk; vufeufudk

&&SdvdkYom atmifyGJcHcJh&wmyg/

ckESpfESpf pum;rajymbJusifhjcif;

tJ'Daemuf £E´d,odkY a&muf&SdNyD;? £E´d,rSwqifh jrefrm

EdkifiHodkY 0ifa&mufNyD; 'kwd,tMudrf &[ef;cH odrfxyfygw,f/


bkef;BuD; þtjzpftysufxl;ESifh awGYBuHK&NyD;aemuf [dr0EÅmrSm

ckESpfESpfwdwd ]t&d,m wkPDSbma0g - Noble Silence}

EIwfydwfrajymbJ {upm&D wpfudk,fwnf; aexdkifNyD; ur®|mef;

tm;xkwfygw,f/ [dr0EÅmtaMumif; uoQDrD,ma'orS 'g*sDvif

txd tao;pdwf od&w,f/ pum;rajymjcif;? {upm&Daejcif;udk

txl;avhusifhygw,f/

1929 ckESpfu wdAufEdkifiHodkY 0ifa&mufzdkY BudK;pm;aomfvJ

ratmifjrifcJhbl;/ bkef;BuD;EdkifiH? wHcg;ydwfEdkifiHvdkY xdkpOfu

ausmfMum;aom wdAufEdkifiHu EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;udk vHk;0 0ifcGifh

rjyKyg/ olwdkYu Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh qdwfNidrf wnfNidrfrIudk

xdcdkufrSm pdk;Muw,f/ wdAufEkdifiHwpfckvHk; bkef;BuD;EdkifiH

bkef;BuD;ausmif;BuD;jzpfae&m ,aeY tajctaet& "r®rdwfaqG

rsm;udk oGm;awGYEdkif&ef vG,fulvmygNyD/ wdAufvm;rm;BuD;rsm;u

bkef;BuD;udk vdkvm;Muygw,f/ vmqmNrdKUawmf 'vdkifvm;rm;xH

olwdkYu ydkYay;r,f ajymMuw,f/ bkef;BuD; tcsdefray;Edkif


ao;bl;/ omoemjyK vkyfief;u tem;,lrS at;at;aq;aq;

oGm;NyD; &moufyef w&m;tm;xkwfaeawmhr,f/

wpfurÇmvHk; ouFef;a&mif vTrf;zHk;rnf

omoemjyK vkyfief;twGuf urÇmudk vSnfhí a[majym&ef

pdwfjyif;xefcJhygw,f/ bkef;BuD; ,HkrSm; oHo,awGvJ aysmuf

uif;oGm;ygNyD/ Ak'¨jrwfpGm&JU twkr&Sdaom arwåmu½kPm

w&m;udk vSnfhvnfa[mjy&ef wm0efusvmNyD/ ]igonf

taemufrS ta&SUodkY ajcvsifc&D; avQmufcJhygNyD/ ,cktcg

ta&SUrS taemufodkY "r®'lw yk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifhtwl ajcvsifc&D;

avQmufawmhtHHh} vdkY t"dVmef jyKcJhw,f/ urÇmodkY yxrqHk;

ajcvsif "r®'lwjzifh omoemjyKvkyfief; pwifcJhw,f/

"r®'lw ppfaMumif;BuD;oHk;aMumif;

'D&nf&G,fcsufESifh jrefrmEdkifiHrSm aexdkifNyD; 1933 ckESpf?

Zefe0g&Dvu omraP &[ef;ysKd&Spfusdyfudk pkaqmif; ac:aqmif


um &cdkif½dk;rudk jzwfNyD; taemufbufodkY "r®'lwc&D; pwif

ESifMuygw,f/ &efukefrS jynf? jynfrS awmifukwf ponfhjzifh

omoemjyKvkyfief; pwif ygw,f/

yxrqHk; ]pk&yf} tjzpf a&Twd*Hkbk&m;&ifjyifrSm pka0;

zl;ajrmfMuygw,f/ opömt"d|mef jyKMuygw,f/ jynfbufodkY

ajcvsif<uMuNyD;? jynfNrdKY a&mufaomtcg pkpkaygif; 2271 OD;

yg0ifvIyf&Sm;vmMu&m jrefrmEdkifiHwpf0ef;vHk; pdwf0ifpm;aeMu

ygw,f/ tHhMocsD;usL;vdkY rqHk;Muyg/ olwdkY&JU rsufpda&SUwGif

þrQ pdwfxufoefNyD; udk,fusKd;pGefY omoemjyKolrsm;udk

rjrifrawGYcJhzl;MuvdkY ygyJ/ trSefuawmh txl;tqef; r[kwfyg/

bk&m;vufxufu þyHkpHtwdkif; a'opm&D<uNyD; w&m;

a[mjyavh&SdcJhygw,f/ ,ckacwf omoem jyefYyGm;a&;udpö

jyefvnf xGef;um;vmjcif;yif jzpfygw,f/

&cdkif½dk;r awmifwef;BuD;udk bkef;BuD;wdkYtzGJU &Spf&ufausmf

jzwfMu&ygw,f/ usm;rsm;? jcaoFhrsm;? qifBuD;rsm;ESifh


&ifqdkif&aomfvJ xdcdkuf'Pf&m&rI aoaysmufrI r&Sdyg/ tm;vHk;

bk&m;yGifh&m Ak'¨*,mESifh w&m;OD;a[m&m rd*'g0kefodkY

qdkufa&mufMuaomtcg bkef;BuD;&JU vuf½Hk;wynfhBuD;rsm;udk

vTJtyfxm;cJhNyD; bkef;BuD; xdkif;EdkifiHudk qufvuf xGufcGm

ygw,f/ &[ef;ysdKrsm;udk pnf;½Hk;a&; vkyfaqmifcJhw,f/

1934 ckESpf xdkif;omoemjyK &[ef;ysKd tyg; 150 udk

ac:aqmifNyD;? ta&SU½dk;r a'geawmifwef;BuD;udk jzwfausmfum

&efukefNrdKU a½Twd*HkapwDawmf&ifjyifrSm zl;ajrmf t"d|mef jyKMu

ygw,f/

jrefrmEdkifiHrS vSL'gef;tm;ay;rI[m tHhMoavmufygayw,f/

&efukefrS pwifxGufcGmpOf &efukefNrdKUolNrdKUom; axmifaomif;

wdkYu vªzG,f0w¬Krsm;udk qufuyfMu&m ydkvQHaeí &efukef

ausmif;wdkufrsm;odkY cGJa0vSL'gef;cJh&ygao;w,f/

&efukefowif;pmrsm;uvJ tkwftkwfusufusuf vSL'gef;

MuyHk owif;udk tao;pdwf azmfjy tm;ay; Muygw,f/ ordkif;


rSwfwdkifwpfck jzpfcJh&ayw,f/ þrQ tvSL'gejyKjcif;udk rawGY

jrifcJhzl;Muyg/ jrefrmEdkifiH&JU o'¨gw&m;uawmh &SmrS&Sm; ygyJ/

xdkif;ESifhoD&dvuFm &[ef;ysKdrsm;

xdkif; "r®'lw &[ef;awmf vufa½G;pifrsm;udk &efukeftxd

ajcusif ac:,lcJhNyD;? &efukefrS £Ed́, ajrmufydkif; [dr0EÅmawmif

odkY vrf;avQmufac:,lcJhNyD;aemuf? wynfhBuD;wpfOD;udk vTJtyf

xm;cJhjyefygw,f/ atmifjrifrI &ygw,f/

bkef;MuD;uawmh wwd,tqifhtaejzifh 1935 ckESpfrSm

oD[dkVfuRef; (oD&dvuFm) odkY oGm;a&mufNyD; oD[dkVf &[ef;ysKd 33

yg; ac:,lNyD; £E´d,awmifydkif;rSm pcef;csxm;cJhygw,f/ jrefrm?

xdkif;? oD[dkVf &[ef;awmfrsm;udk Ak'¨*,mrSm oifwef;ay;NyD;rS

urÇmhomoemjyKvkyfief;udk vkyf&ef pDrHcsuf&Sdygw,f/ xl;cRef

aom &[ef;omraPwdkYudk a½G;cs,fNyD; urÇmhomoemjyK yk*¾dKvf

tjzpf apvTwf&ef jzpfygw,f/ txl;ojzifh odyÜHynm xGef;um;

aeaom Oa&myESifh tar&duefEdkifiHrsm;odkY apvTwfygr,f/


£Ed́,rSm ESpfESpf? oHk;ESpf t*FvdyfpmESifh omoemjyKenf;

ynm&yfrsm; oifMum;ay;NyD;rS wpfurÇmvHk; omoem xGef;um;

atmif vkyfaqmif&ygr,f/

tmZmenf &[ef;ysKdrsm;udk ausmif;xJu qGJxkwfNyD;

uGif;jyif ac:,lvdkufwmygyJ/ a&[m pD;aerS oefY&Sif;ovdk

omoemjyK &[ef;[m tNrJwrf; oGm;vmaerS wdk;wufrSm

r[kwfygvm;/

"The water is pure that flows;

The monk is pure that goes!"

urÇmppfBuD; jzpfjcif;

uHraumif; taMumif;rvScsifawmh pDrHcsufcsNyD; "r®'lw

vkyfaqmifaepOf 1939 ckESpfwGif 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; jzpfay:

vmí &yfqdkif;xm;vdkuf&ygw,f/ 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; NyD;qHk;

oGm;aomtcg 1945 ckESpfrS pwifNyD; rEÅav;NrdKU? a'gufwm

qdkeD&JU tultnDjzifh jrefrmEdkifiH tajcpdkuf EdkifiHjcm;


Ak'¨omoemjyK tzGJUBuD;udk zGJYNyD; qufvuf aqmif½Gufygw,f/

a'gufwm tm&ftJvfqdkeD (Dr.R.L.Soni) [m aygif;wnfrSm

awGYBuHKw&m;a[mpOf o&P*HkaqmufwnfNyD; wynfhcH,lol

wpfOD; jzpfygw,f/

1947 ckESpf? ZlvdkifvwGif bkef;BuD;wpfOD;wnf; tar&duef

odkY rav;&Sm;? puFmyl? zdvpfydkif EkdifiHrsm;rS wqifh omoem

jyefYyGm;a&; c&D;xGufcJhygw,f/ jrefrmEdkifiH[m 'DomoemjyK

vkyfief;twGuf aiGaMu;ypönf; ajrmufjrm;pGm yHHhydk;ulnDMu

ygw,f/ c&D;tMum; yDeefNrKdU? uGmvmvrfylNrdKU? puFmyl?

a[mifaumif? &Sef[J? reDvm? [m0dkif,D? qefz&efppöudk?

avmhpftif*sifvdpf ponfjzifh a&muf&mNrKdUrsm;rSm 0ifa&mufNyD;

Ak'¨bmomw&m; a[mjy&m rsm;pGm pdwf0ifpm;rI &SdMuygw,f/

tcsKdUvJ o&P*HkESifh ig;yg;oDv aqmufwnfNyD; Ak'¨bmom

cH,lMuygw,f/ atmifjrifygw,f/ Ak'¨omoem urÇmjyefYyGm;rSm

aocsmygw,f/


tar&duefrSm tajcpdkufí

bkef;BuD; tar&duefEdkifiHodkY qdkufa&mufaomtcg XmecsKyf

udk ]]zvfuGefvdkif,m}} (½kyf&Sifrif;om; ½ka'gzfAvifwDEdkuftdrf)

bmADvD awmifukef;? umvDzdk;eD;,m;rSm pwifzGifhvSpfNyD;

tajcpdkufygw,f/ avmhpftif*sifvdpfNrdKUrSmyif Ak'¨bmom

omoemjyK aumvdyfudk wnfaxmif EdkifcJhNyD; tar&duefom;

tcsKdUESifh "r®'lwtcsKdUudk Ak'¨tbd"r®m? t*Fvdyfpmoifjy&ef

pDrHcJhygw,f/ bkef;BuD;ausmif;? apwD ponf wnfaqmuf&efvJ

pDrHcJhygao;w,f/ þavmhpftif*svdpfNrdKUuaeNyD; tar&duef

a'otm;vHk;odkY <ua&mufNyD; omoemjyKw&m;awmf a[mMum;

r,f/ Ak'¨bmom Xmeuav;rsm;? &dyfomrsm; zGifhvSpfay;ygr,f/

tar&duef Ak'¨bmom wynhfrsm;&JU tultnD yHhydk;rIjzifh

Ak'¨pmayjzefYcsda&; pmaywdkufzGifhvSpfNyD; ygVdawmfESifh bmomjyef

pmtkyfrsm; jzefYcsdygr,f/ ygVdwdyd#u? yd#uwfoHk;yHkudk rl&if;ESifh

bmomjyefwdkYudk bmomaygif;pHkjzifh jzefYa0ay;ygvdrfhr,f/


rdk;xdjrifhrm;aom bk&m;apwD? ausmif;awmfBuD;

wnfaqmufNyD;vQif urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;&&Sd&ef tm;xkwfMuygr,f/

þodkY rdk;xdbk&m;apwD wnfxm;EdkifvQif bkef;BuD;&JU BudK;yrf;rI

onf txGwftxdyfodkY qdkufa&mufygvdrfhr,f/ arwåm"mwfjzifh

urÇmol urÇmom;tm;vHk; cspfcifa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk ydkYaqmif

ay;Mu&ygr,f/ bmomra½G; vlrsKd;ra&G; okccsrf;om &Mu&ef

BudK;yrf;aeMu&ygr,f/ odyÜHenf;us a[majymjyoaevQif

tar&duefEdkifiHonf Akkk'¨bmomudk vufcHvmayvdrfhr,f/

tar&duefonf pufrIvufrI odyÜHtvGefxGef;um;aom

EdkifiHBuD;jzpf&m Ak'¨bmomudk ouf0ifusifhoHk;vdkufvQif

wpfurÇmvHk; Ak'¨bmomjzpf&ef rcJ,Of;awmhyg/ tar&duefudk

tajcjyKNyD;rS urÇmhEdkifiHtoD;oD;odkY "r®a'oem ,Ofaus;rI

jzefYa0vQif tvGefvG,ful acsmarmEdkifygw,f/


wpfausmhvnfywfaeaom "r®puú

bkef;BuD;wdkY omoemjyKvkyfief; &nf&G,fcsufrSm Ak'ä'oem

udk vdkufemrI? a[majymrIjzifh odyÜHenf;us 'ku©vGwfajrmufa&;

ynmt&? urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&; &&Sd&efyif jzpfygw,f/ arwåm

w&m;wnf;[laom tPkjrLudk vlom;xk{/f [',ESvHk;om;rsm;

twGif;odkY csay;NyD;? aysmf½TifrIESifh Nidrf;csrf;rIudk &&Sdaprnfom

jzpfygw,f/ odyÜHynm&yf vdkufpm;avh&Sdaom tar&duefwdkYudk

odyÜHenf;usbmom a[mjyNyD; odyÜHenf;us omoemjyK&ygr,f/

Ak'¨ömoem tvif;a&mifonf urÇmay:ü yGifhxGef;p jyKae

ygNyD;/ omoemawmfESpf axmifhig;&mausmfrSpí tvif;a&mif

vIyf&Sm;rI pcJh&m tawmfc&D; a&mufaeygNyD/ omoem[m tacgif

tzsm;txd a&muf&Sd jyefUyGm;rnfudk tav;teuf ,HkMunfMu

ygw,f/ Ak'ömoemjyefvnf xGef;um;a&;twGuf ,ckuyif

BudKwifpDrHí BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMu&ygw,f/


Ak'¨bmom0ifolwdkif; w&m;"r®udk tajymr[kwf? udk,fwdkif

usifhBuHNyD;? wu,f tppftrSef ,HkMunfol b0odkY qdkufa&muf

&ef wm0ef,lMu&ygr,f/ rSefuefaomopömw&m; ]"r®puú} \

vnfywfrI? w&m;rQwrIudk rnfolrQ r[efYwm;Edkifyg/ urÇmrSm

w&m;pufbD;BuD; wpfausmh ysHUESHUvnfywf armif;ESifvmaeygNyD/

Ak'¨a'oemudk pdwf0ifpm;vmaeMuygNyD/ omoem wpfacwfqef;

csdefrSm oifudk,fwdkif yg0ifoltjzpf xrf;aqmif ae&ygr,f/

olaX;om;ESifhwlaom rd½dk;zvmbmom0ifrsm;

urÇmt&yf&yfrSm Ak'¨bmomodkY ul;ajymif;vmol tawmf

rsm;rsm;[m arG;uwnf;u Ak'¨bmom jzpfMuolwdkYxuf pdwftm;

xufoefrI &SdMuygw,f/ olaX;om;[m arG;uwnf;u csrf;csrf;

omom ae&vdkY vG,fulpGm olaX;jzpfEdkifaomfvJ qif;&Jom;&JU

om;orD;uawmh tawmfhudk ½kef;uef vIyf&Sm;EdkifrS olaX;b0udk

&&SdMuygw,f/ olaX;om;u aiG&JUwefzdk;? b0&JU ½kef;uefrIudk

rod/ qif;&Jom;&JU om;urS odygw,f/ olaX;om;u aiGudk


ayghaygh&? ayghayghoHk;ypfw,f/ (easy come, easy go.)

qif;&Jom;&JU om;u roHk;&ufbl;/

xdkenf;twl arG;uwnf;u Ak'¨bmom jzpfaeMu&olwdkYrSm

a,bk,stm;jzifh Ak'¨bmom&JU wefzdk;udk rodMu/ ayghayghqq

aexdkif? ayghayghqq awG;awm aeMuw,f/ aocsmpGm

rpOf;pm;Muyg/ Ak'¨bmomudk cJcJ,Of;,Of; &SmazG&,lxm;Mu

olrsm; twGufrSmawmh wefzdk; tvGef xm;Mu&ygw,f/

Ak'¨bmomw&m;udk av;av;eufeuf avhvmpOf;pm;

vufcHNyD;? rdrdwdkY&JU rdbaqGrsKd;rsm;? todkif;t0dkif;ESifh

Opömypönf;rsm;? tpOftvm ,HkMunfudk;uG,frIrsm;udk tepfemcH

pGefUvTwfNyD;rS Ak'¨bmomodkY ouf0if,HkMunf ul;ajymif;Muolrsm;

jzpfygw,f/ wu,fvJ usifhoHk; vdkufemMuygw,f/

wefzdk;xm;Muw,f/ rd½dk;zvm Ak'¨bmomrsm;ESifhawmh rwlnDyg/


Ak'¨acwfu bmomul;ajymif;cJhMuolrsm;

olwdkYudk,fwdkif t,lrSm; tusifhrSm; tyg,fav;yg;

ab;BuD;rS vGwfajrmufovdk tjcm;olrsm; udkvJ t,lrSm; tusifh

rSm; 'k*¾wdab;rS vGwfajrmufapvdkaom qE´rsm; u½kPmpdwfrsm;

jyif;xef vSygw,f/ toufpGefY&efyif 0efrav;Muyg/ ]ighudk

u,fwifaom w&m;awmfonf olrsm;udkvJ u,fwifygap} [k

qE´rGef xm;&SdMuygw,f/

b0vIyf&Sm;aqmif½Guf&ef &Sifoefaom pdwåu©Pwpfck

tvGef vdktyfygw,f/ pdwf"mwf &SifoefrGefjrwfaerSom

omoemjyKEdkifMurSmyg/

"A Living Though Movement is required to keep a

Movement Alive"

omoemjyK taumif;qHk; yk*¾dKvfrsm;um; jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh

wynfhom0ursm; Ak'¨acwfrSm ay:xGef;cJhMuygw,f/ olwdkY{/f

pdwf"mwfcH,lcsufrsm;rSmvJ rGefjrwfNyD; pifMu,fMuygw,f/


Ak'¨acwf omoemjyK om0ursm;rSm [dE´LbmomrS

ul;ajymif; ouf0ifvmMuolrsm; jzpfMu&m pdwfxufoefrI

&SdMuw,f/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmudk,fawmfwdkif rdrd udk,fEIwfpdwfudk

t<uif;rJh jynfhpHkatmif jyKjyifNyD; bmomul;ajymif;cJhol

jzpfygw,f/ t&Sifom&dykwå&m? t&Sifarm*¾vef? t&Sif

r[muóy ponfwdkYrSm tjcm;bmomrS ul;ajymif;vmMu

olrsm;csnf; jzpfMuygw,f/ &[EÅmajcmufusdyfvHk;vJ

onftwdkif;yJ/ &aohb0ESifh [dE´LbmomrS Ak'¨bmomodkY

ul;ajymif;vmMuolrsm; jzpfMuygw,f/

bmomul;ajymif;vmMuolrsm;[m trsm;tm;jzifh pdwfxuf

oef tm;wufMuolrsm;jzpf&m omoemudk tjcm; a'orsm;ü

jzefYcsday;cJhMuygw,f/ arG;&myg Ak'¨bmomrsm;rSm a,bk,s

tm;jzifh ayghayghqq aexdkifNyD; omoemtwGuf vIyf&Sm;rI

enf;yg;cJhMuw,f/


aqGrsKd;rsm;u 0dkif;y,fMu

bkef;BuD;yifvQif "r®y'pmtkyfudk zwfrdvQif csufcsif;

o&P*Hk aqmufwnfEdkifcJhw,f/ Ak'¨bmom0if jzpfvmaomtcg

urÇmudk oHk;ywfywfNyD; vdkufvHw&m;a[mjycJhygw,f/ omoem

jyefYyGm;atmif tNrJ BudK;pm;cJhw,f/ rl&if; atmufql*sif"mwf

uJhodkY jzLpifrI vIyf&Sm;rI tjynfh &Sdaeygw,f/ vdk&mudk toHk;cs

Edkifaom pGrf;tif&Sdygw,f/

bkef;BuD; a&mrA&if*sDbmomudk pGefYypfvdkufaomtcg

aqGrsKd;tm;vHk;u tac:tajym rvkyfMu? MuOfz,fMuw,f/

odkYaomf bkef;BuD;rrIyg/ ]igum; qif;&Jom;b0rS olaX;om;

jzpf&ovdk t,lrSm; b0rS t,lrSefb0odkY qdkufa&mufvmol

jzpfí bmrQ tm;i,fp&mr&Sd} [k pdwfrSm &JpGrf;owåd &Sdaeygw,f/

avmu&JU uJh&JUrIudk rrIyg/ xdkYtwl oifwdkYvJ wjcm;

yk*¾dKvfrsm;udk or®m'd|d t,lrSef&&Sdatmif aqmif½GufMuyg/ urÇmh


bmomBuD;rsm;udk EdIif;,SOf avhvmMunfhMuyg/ bmom wpfckyJ

od&Sdem;vnfaeol[m b,fbmomudkrQ odjrifol r[kwfyg/

"He who knows one Religion knows none"

bkef;BuD;[m 1933 ckESpfu yefcsmyD q&m0efBuD; a'gufwm

qdkeD (Dr.R.LSoni) udk or®m'd|d t,lodkY odrf;oGif;cJh&m

bkef;BuD;wdkY (bmomul;ajymif;ol) ESpfOD; Ak'¨bmom jyefYyGm;a&;

twGuf tvGef pdwfjyif;xefNyD;? wu,fBudK;pm; aqmif½GufaeMu

ygw,f/ olESifhwGJí bkef;BuD; tar&duefrSm omoemjyKae

ygw,f/ bmomul;ajymif;vmolwdkY[m omoemjyK vkyfief;rSm

tvGef pdwf0ifpm; Muygw,f/

a'gufwmqdkeD bmomajymif;yHk

bkef;BuD; jrefrm "r®'lw&[ef;awmfrsm;udk pkpnf;NyD; £E´d,

odkY ajcvsifoGm;awmh aygif;wnfNrdKU (jynf) rSm acwå&yfem;cdkuf

a'gufwmqdkeDESifh awGYqHkMuw,f/ olu aygif;wnfrSm q&m0ef


vkyfaepOf bkef;BuD;wdkYa&mufcdkuf Ak'¨bmomudpö ar;cGef;awG

vmar;w,f/ oD;jcm; awGYqHkcGifhjyKygvdkY awmif;yefw,f/

]],cktcg vlodyfrsm;aew,f/ ESpfOD;wnf;awGYzdkY rvG,fbl;/

'gayr,fh ESpfOD;wnf; tar;tajz vkyfcsif&if nOfhoef;acgif

ausmfrS vmyg/ tJ'g bkef;BuD; tvkyfcsdefyJ}} vdkY uwd

ay;vdkufw,f/ olvJ vmNyD; ar;cGef;ar;&m eHeuf ig;em&Dxd

wpfnvHk; a[majymay;&m ol Ak'¨bmomudk vufcH,HkMunf

oGm;awmhwmyJ/ o&P*HkESifh ig;yg;oDv cH,loGm;w,f/

aemifumvrSmvJ ayghayghqq raebl;? rEÅav;rSm q&m0ef

vkyf&if omoemjyKvkyfief;? w&m;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;? vkyfudkifovdk?

bkef;BuD;urÇmvSnfh omoemjyK vkyfief;rSmvJ aemufu aiGESifh

ypönf; vª'gef; yHhydk;cJhw,f/

a'gufwmqdkeD &moufyef omoemjyK

a'gufwmqdkeD ar;cGef;vmar;pOfu bkef;BuD;ESifhol opfyif

atmufrSm wifysOfacGxdkifNyD; wpfnvHk; tjyeftvSef ar;jref;


aqG;aEG;Muw,f/ ]]oifu ½kyfydkif;q&m0ef? bkef;BuD;u emrfydkif;

q&m0ef}} vdkY pum;cHNyD; aqG;aEG;Mu&m eHeuf rdk;aomufaom

tcg Ak'¨bmom0if jzpfoGm;w,f/ olY&JU [', ESvHk;om;xJrSm

opömaAm"dtvif; aerif;BuD; xGef;vif;vmNyD;? [dE´LbmomrS

or®m'd|dt,lodkY ul;ajymif;EdkifcJhjcif; jzpfw,f/

ol[m omref Ak'¨bmom0ifuJhodkY r[kwf/ r[maAm"d

*sme,frSm aqmif;yg; ESpf&m a&;cJhw,f/ urÇmh Ak'¨bmom

uGefz&ifh av;Budrfwufa&muffNyD; t"dutcef;rSm yg0if

aqmif½GufcJhw,f/ ]]Ak'¨bmomtay: uREkfyf{/ftjrif}} pmtkyfudk

a&;om;xkwfa0cJhw,f/ r[mowdy|meokwfudk pmawGYvufawGY

Edkifeif;ol jzpfvmw,f/ ol&JUtdrfudkvJ aq;ukcef;omru w&m;

aqG;aEG;cef;ESifh w&m;tm;xkwfcef;rsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJcJhw,f/

jrefrmacwfvli,fwdkYudk ydkrdkeufeJaom Ak'¨bmom taMumif;

oifjyay;cJhw,f/ ol&JUapwem vHkYv0D&d,ESifh enf;ynm

uRrf;usifrIudk ,ckacwf omoemjyKrsm;yif enf;,laeMu&w,f/


zdvpfydkif omoemrsKd;aph

bkef;BuD; omoemjyK c&D;taMumif; qufyg&ap/

urÇmywfí "r®'lwc&D; oGm;aepOf zdvpfydkifEdkifiHNrdKUawmf

reDvmudk 0ifa&mufNyD; ig;ywfMum w&m;a[mcJhw,f/ zdvpfydkif

EdkifiH[m pydef&JU vufatmufrSm tESpfoHk;&m aecJh&vdkY a&mr

A&if*sDbmom0if aygrsm;NyD; t,lonf;olrsm;udk awGYqHkcJh&

ao;w,f/

þrQ tajctae cufcJaeomfvJ reDvmNrdKYawmfrSm

ig;ywfMum omoemjyKaepOf zdvpfydkifvlrsKd; a&mrA&if*sD

bmom0if oHk;OD;udk o&P*Hk wnfapNyD;? ig;yg;oDv

cH,lapEdkifcJhygw,f/ omoemjyK c&D;ordkif;rSm yxrqHk;aom

zdvpfydkif Ak'¨bmom0if oHk;OD; ay:aygufcJh&m xl;jcm;aom

atmifjrifrIjzpfovdk zdvpfydkifEdkifiHrSm omoemrsKd;aphrsm;

csEdkifjcif;vJ jzpfygw,f/


0D&? acrm? u½kPm

a&S;OD; zdvpfydkif Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;rSm reDvmwuúodkvf

EdIif;,SOfbmom ynm&yf ygarmu© a'gufwmbifeDudktufzf

&Da&; (0D&)? 4if;\ ZeD; bmwefwuúodkvfrS q&mr rpöpf 'dkrif*g

t,fvf &Da&; (acrm)? aemuf tuf'rfqefwuúodkvfwGif

"mwkaA'uxdu rpöwm a&mfpy,f *sD 'Dvmvref; (u½kPm)

xdkoHk;OD; jzpfygw,f/

a[majympnf;½Hk;enf;

bkef;BuD;&JU omoemjyK pepfenf;vrf;rSm em,lol&JU

tvkyftudkif tqifhtwef; ynm&yfudk MunfhNyD; qDavsmfaom

w&m;udkom wdkwdkwkwfwkwf a[majymay;avh &Sdygw,f/

Oyrm q&m0efa'gufwmudk aq;ynm? cE¨maA'ynmESifh

ESD;EG,fqufpyfNyD; a[mMum; ay;ygw,f/ a&SUaersm;udk

a[mMum;&mwGif Oya'pum; rsm;rsm;toHk;jyKNyD; a[mMum;


ay;ygw,f/ aemufqHk; vuform;q&mudk a[mMum;&mwGif

vuform;ynm a0g[m&rsm; toHk;jyKí a[mjy ygw,f/

(rSwfcsuf/ a'gufwm qdkeDudk w&m;a[m&mü

aq;ukorIESifh EdIif;,SOfum twkrJhorm;awmfBuD; Ak'¨jrwfpGm\

vlom;wdkif; &ifqdkifae&aom 'ku©a0'emBuD;udk r*¾if&Spfyg;

aq;csufcsyHk tus,f a[mjyonf/ a&SUydkif;wGif ygNyD;jzpfí

csefvSyfcJhygonf/)

omoemjyKa[majymenf;ESifh pdwf"mwf

omoemjyKyk*¾dKvfwdkif;u w&m;a[m&mü pdwf"mwf<urI

pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIr&SdyJ 'ku©a&mufaeaom urÇmol urÇmom;rsm;udk

arwåmu½kPm a&SUxm;NyD; wnfNidrfpGm a[moifhw,f/

tb,faMumifhqdkaomf Ak'¨a'oem[m oEÅdd&o Nidrf;at;

wnfNidrfaom vrf;pOfjzpfí wnfwnfNidrfNidrfom w&m;a[m

oifhw,f/ udavom tylawGenf;&ef udavom y,fowf&ef

&nfpl;NyD;? w&m;a[m&ygr,f/


vef'efyef;NcHxJrSm qyfjymaowåmay:wufNyD; qlnH

atmf[pfum a[majymjcif;rsKd; EdkifiHa&; orm;awGvdk wuf<upGm

a[majymjcif;rsKd; rjzpfoihfyg/ at;aq; wnfMunfpGmjzifh opöm

av;yg;udk &Sif;vif; wifjyMuyg/ omoemjyKyk*d¾Kvfrsm;&JU

t"duvkyfief;BuD;[m avmb? a'go? arm[? rmerD;?

udavom 'kp½dkufrD;udk r*¾ifa&at;ESifh Nidrf;owfay;zdkY

jzpfygw,f/

jrwfpGmbk&m; w&m;a[mvQif at;aq;wnfNidrfNyD;

Munfvifjywfom; &Sif;vif;pGm a[mjyawmf rlavh&Sdygw,f/

þenf;udk twk,lNyD; w&m;a[moifhygw,f/ tEÅ&m,f

tcuftcJawGYvQifvJ wnfwnfNidrfNidrf jyKrlaexdkif oifhMu

ygw,f/ wnfNidrfzdkY vdkovdk pdwf"mwfZGJESifh ,HkMunfcsuf

cdkifrmzdkYvJ ta&;BuD;vSygw,f/


rD;0dkif;cH&pOf y&dwf&Gwfrysufolrsm;

1948 ck? {NyDv 7 &ufaeYu &Sef[JNrdKU? uif&Sefac:wJh

w½kyfAk'¨bmom bkef;BuD;ausmif;rSm &[ef;awmf tyg;ESpfq,f

wdkY y&dwf½GwfaepOf rD;avmifrI jzpfNyD; &[ef;awmfrsm; rD;0dkif;cHcJh

Mu&ygw,f/

ESpfaygif; 1000 ausmf wnf&SdcJhwJh xdkbkef;BuD;ausmif;awmf

xJu &[ef;awmftyg; ESpfq,f wdkY[m wnfwnfNidrfNidrfyJ

qufvufy&dwf½GwfNyD; rD;owform;wdkYu xGufcGm&ef atmf[pf

ajymqdkwmudk *½krpdkufbl;? y&dwf&Gwf&if; touftaocH

oGm;Muw,f/ qdkvdk&if;uawmh b,fvdktEÅ&m,f usa&muf

usa&muf pdwfwnfNidrfrI &Sd&rnfvdkY qdkvdkygw,f/

urÇmhppfwm; o0PfvTmBuD;

rdrdudk,fusKd; tepfemcH pGefYvTwfrIrSm rGefjrwfaom

tvkyfyif jzpfygw,f/ bkef;BuD;udk,fwdkif 'ku©cHNyD; 'kwd,


urÇmppfBuD; pwifaeqJrSm ]ppfwdkufaeaom EdkifiHrsm;odkY ydkYpm}

pmwrf;rsm; a&;NyD; ½k&Sm;acgif;aqmif pwmvif? *smrPDrS

[pfwvm? tDwvDrS rlqdkvDeD? t*FvefrS csdefbmvdef? csmcsD?

tar&duefrS ½kpfpbJ? t*Fvdyf&Sifbk&if? *syef&Sifbk&if? jyifopf

or®w? w½kwfjynfrS csefau&Sdwf wdkYxH toD;oD;

pmay;ydkYcJhygw,f/ jzpfqJ ppfudk&yfqJNyD; aphpyfaqG;aEG;&ef pmrsm;

a&;om;ay;ydkY vdkufygw,f/

ppfjzpfqJjzpfí bkef;BuD;&JU arwåm&yfcH awmif;yefcsufrSm

oJxJa&oGefovdk? oJuEÅm&xJrSm wpfa,mufwnf; ]&yfMuyg}

vdkY atmf[pfae&ovdk tcsnf;ESD; jzpfoGm;cJh&w,f/ ]Nidrf;csrf;a&;}

pum;udk rMum;csif? rvdkufemcsifMuyg/ ppfatmifjrifrIudkom

vdkvm;aeMuygw,f/ odkYaomf bkef;BuD;&JU arwåmu½kPm

pdwft& wm0efausyGefcJhygw,f/

,aeY jzpfysufaeaom urÇmhtajctaeudk avhvmMunfh

vQifvJ urÇmBuD;[m aygufuGJvkqJqJ ,rf;tdk;BuD;vdk jzpfae


ygw,f/ rD;ravmifcifu rD;udk wm;qD;Mu&ygr,f/ wm;qD;rI

[m ukorIxuf ydkxda&muf tusKd;&Sdygw,f/ ("Prevention is

better than cure")

'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; &yfpJNyD;aemufrSmawmifrS wpfBudrf

urÇmppfBuD;qDodkY a&S;½IoGm;aeMu jyefw,f/ ,cktcg

tPkjrLAHk;? "mwkaA'AHk;? tm½HkaMumAHk;? "mwfaiGUAHk;awG tajrmuf

tjrm; vkyfaqmifNyD; tqifoifh jyifqifxm;MuvdkY vlom;rsm;u

urÇmNidrf;csrf;a&;udk awmifhw arQmfvifh aeMuygw,f/ tEkjrL

ppfyGJBuD;udk pdk;&drfaMumuf½GYH aeMuygw,f/ tPkjrLppfrjzpfrD

wm;qD;&ef urÇmhacgif;aqmif toD;oD;xH bkef;BuD;

pma&;ydkYvdkufw,f/ 'kwd,urÇmppfwkef;u ppfjzpfrS wm;qD;

&wmudk oHa0*&NyD; wwd,urÇmppf rjzpf&ef MudKwifí wm;qD;

vdkufwmyg/


bmhaMumifh ppfwdkufaeMuwmvJ

odkY - EdkifiHacgif;aqmifBuD; ^ EdkifiHol? EdkifiHom;rsm;? ----

----- EdkifiH/

Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ oem;Muifem arwåm"mwft& bkef;BuD;

þpmudk a&;om;ay;ydkYygonf/

]]earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó}}

]]twkr&Sdaom bkef;awmfBuD;aom udavom ukefpifNyD;

aom w&m;jrwfudk udk,fawmfwdkif odawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;

tm; &Sdcdk;ygonf/}}

urÇmol urÇmom;rsm;okdY EIwfcGef;qufo arwåmydkYo

vdkufygw,f/

oifwdkY ,ck udk,fqif;&J pdwfqif;&J cHpm;aeMu&jcif;udk

pmemNyD; 'ku©rsKd;pHkrS vGwfajrmuf&ef arwåm"mwf u½kPm


"mwfrsm;udk bkef;BuD; ydkYvTwfvdkufygw,f/ oifwdkY tm;vHk;

,ckcsufcsif; csrf;omokc &&SdMuygapownf;/

oifwdkY bmaMumifh ppfwdkufaeMuygovJ/ e,fajr[m

bmrQ wefzdk;r&Sd/ toufom wefzdk;&Sdygw,f/ oifwdkY

bmaMumifh ppfwdkufaeMuonfudk oifwdkY udk,fwdkif aoao

csmcsm odrnfr[kwf/ wPSmrme'd|daMumifh ppfawGjzpfMu&wmudk

oifwdkY rsufpduef;aeMuojzifh jrifvnf; rjrifMu? odvnf;

rodMu/ þudavompdwfrsm;aMumifh urÇmppfBuD; jzpfae&NyD/

bmaMumifh aoG;acsmif;pD;&ef? aoG;yifv,fa0&ef qE´awG

&SdaeMuygovJ/ a&ajre,fajr ydkifqdkifrI&JU wefzdk;um; tb,frQ

&SdygovJ/ oifwdkY&JU b0udk oem;Muifemrdygw,f/

oifwdkY&JU ppfyGJrsm;udk xdwfvefY pdk;&drfrdygw,f/ rdrdaqGrsKd;

om;r,m;rdbawG&JU rsuf&nfrsm;[m ork'´&ma&xuf ydkrsm;ae

ygNyD/ ppfyGJaMumifh tjypfrJh uav;oli,frsm;? trsKd;orD;i,frsm;?

vltdkrsm; qif;&Jom;rsm; xdcdkuf'Pf&m&Mu? aoausMu


ypönf;OpömqHk;½HI;Mu? tiwfab;ESifh a&m*gul;pufrI'Pfudk

cHMu&wm rsm;vSygNyD/

* * * * * * *

q&mawmf OD;avmuemxonf wwd,urÇmppf

wm;qD;a&;udk tpmiwfcHNyD; t"d|mefESifh qE´jyKonf/

owfowfvGwfpm;NyD; arwåmq&m0efjzifh wpfurÇmvHk;

vTrf;jcHKydkYoonf/

urÇmay:rSm usufoa&rJhpGm a'gojzifh tEdkif,loGm;Muaom

tvuúZE´m;? qDZm? eydkvD,H paom ppfaoG;qmaeonfh

ppfbk&ifBuD;rsm; ,cktcg tedpöoabmt& aovGefoGm;Mu&NyD;

arwåmjzifh atmifjrifcJhaom Ak'¨rSm tNrJ &Sifoefvsuf&Sdí Ak'¨\

arwåm0g'enf;udkom vdkufemoifhaMumif; -

a'gotrkef;&efudk a'gojzifh wHkYjyefajz&Sif;í r&?

arwåmESifhrS at;csrf;pGm atmifjrifEdkifí urÇmhvlom;wdkif;


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q,fb0? b0ESpfq,f? b0oHk;q,f? b0av;q,f?

b0ig;q,f? b0wpf&m? b0wpfaxmif? b0wpfaomif;?

b0wpfodef;wdkYü vnf;aumif; igonf þtrnf? þtrnf


&SdcJhzl;\/ þtrsdK;? þtEG,fü jzpfcJhzl;\/ þrnfaom tpmudk

pm;aomufcJhzl;\/ þrnfaom csrf;omqif;&Judk cHpm;cJhzl;\/

þa&GU þrQ MumjrifhpGm touf &SnfcJhzl;\/ xdkb0rSwzef

igonf cE¨mysufa<u aocJhjyefaomf þrnfaomb0? þrnf

aom t&yfa'oü jzpfcJhjyef\/ þodkYaomtrnf trsdK; tEG,fü

jzpfcJhzl;\/ þrnfaom tpmudk pm;aomufcJhzl;\/ þrnfaom

csrf;omqif;&Judk cHpm;cJhzl;\/ þa&GU þrQ umvMum&Snf

wnfaecJhzl;\/ xdkb0wdkYrSwzef aocJhjyefaomf þypöu©b0ü

jzpfvm&\/

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umvwdkYü jzpfcJh&aom b0cE¨mwdkYudk tjcif;t&m trnftrsdK;

pHkvifpGmrSwfom; atmufarh xifjrifav\/

xdkYaMumifh xdkolonf qufvufí ajymjyefonfrSm

touf0dnmOf NrJ\/ urÇmavmuonf topftxl; rjzpfay:/

awmifxG#fuJhodkY vnf;aumif;? ausmufwdkifuJhodkYvnf; tNrJ


wnfae\/ þowå0gwdkYonf wb0rS wb0odkY ajymif;a&TU

aovGefMuaomfvnf; olwdkYonf tNrJtpOf jzpfMuukef\/

tb,faMumifh þodk YjzpfMuukef\[k igqdkEdkifoenf;/

taMumif;rlum; igonfxufoefaom vHkYv0D&d, qE´

orm"dwdkYjzifh psmeftbdnmOfudk &atmif yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfí

ykaAÁed0gotbdnmOfjzifh a&S;a&S;aom umvwdkYü jzpfcJhzl;aom

ig\ b0cE¨mtpOfudk atmufarhqifjcif xifEdkif jrifEdkif odEdkif

aomaMumifhwnf;/ xdkodkY tbdnmOfjzifh odEdkifaomaMumifh

touf0dnmOfonf tNrJwnf&Sd\[k igonf od\/ þavmu

onf txl;topf rjzpfbJ awmifxG#fuJhodkY vnf;aumif;?

ausmufwdkifuJhodkY vnf;aumif; tNrJ wnfae\[k igod\/

þowå0g taygif;wdkYonfvnf; wb0rS wb0odkY ajymif;a&TU

aovGef topfwzef jzpfMujyefapumrl topf topfr[kwf?

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þodkYvQif touf0dnmOf&Sd\[laom t,lonf jzpfay:

vm\/

2/ igonf tb,ft&menf;

t0dZÆmarm[ü tjrpfwG,faeaom wPSmavmbaMumifh

jzpfay:vmaom cE¨mig;yg; taygif;onf igyif jzpf\/

tpdwfpdwfaom 0w¬Kypönf;wdkY a&S;OD;wnf&Sdaejcif;aMumifh

taygif;jzpfaom 0w¬Kudk &xm;[k ac:a0:orkwfMubd ouJhodkY?

cE¨mig;yg; jzpfay:wnf&Sdaom tcgüvnf; uREfkyfwdkYonf

owå0g taumif[k ac:a0:ajymqdkMu&\/

owå0gwOD;[lonf cE¨mig;yg; w&m;tpkudkpGJí ac:jcif;

yifwnf;/

cE¨mig;yg;wdkY [lonf -

- ½lyu©E¨m - ½kyfw&m;/

- a0'eu©E¨m - a0'emcHpm;wwfaomw&m;/


- onu©E¨m-onm - odrSwfwwfaomw&m;/

- ocFg&u©E¨m - jyKjyifwwfaomw&m;rsm;/

- 0dnmPfu©E¨m - tm½HkudkodcgrQjzpfaomw&m;/

(emrfw&m;pk/)

]cE¨mig;yg;\ taMumif;w&m;[lonf cE¨mig;yg;udk NrJ\?

aumif;\? ig\Opöm? ig[k todtjrif rSm;aom t0dZÆmarm[ü

tjrpfwG,faom wPSmavmbwnf;/

cE¨mig;yg;\ rjzpfay:jcif; taMumif;[lonf cE¨mig;yg;udk

rNrJ qif;&J\? raumif;? ighOpömr[kwf? igr[kwf[k

trSefodaom ÓPfü tjrpfwG,faom cE¨mig;yg;udk rwG,fwm

rnduyfaom tavmbwnf;/


3/ igonf cE¨mig;yg;\taygif;tpkjzpfcJhvQif tb,folonf

cE¨mig;yg;udk jzpfapoenf;/

wPSmavmbonf cE¨mig;yg;udk jzpfap\/ wPSmavmb

udk tb,fw&m;u jzpfapoenf;/ t0dZÆmarm[onf wPSm

avmbudk jzpfap\/ t0dZÆmarm[udk tb,fw&m;u jzpfap

oenf;/ tmoa0gw&m;wdkYonf t0dZÆmudk jzpfapukef\/

tmoa0gw&m;av;yg;[lonf -

- umrmo0 - umr*kPfü rl;,pfwwfaom w&m;/

- b0go0 - b0oHk;yg;ü arGUavsmfrl;,pfwwfaom

w&m;/

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wwfaom w&m;/

- t0dZÆmo0 - ÓPfynmuif;rJhí arGYavsmf rl;,pf

wwfaom w&m;/


tmo0r&SdvQif t0dZÆmr&Sdawmhay

t0dZÆmonf tmoa0gw&m;udk jzpfap\/ t0dZÆmr&SdvQif

tmoa0gvnf; r&Sdawmh/ þodkYvQif uREfkyfwdkYonf taMumif;

tpOf tquftqHk;odkY a&mufvm\/ taMumif; tpOftquf

onf puf0dkif;ü qHk;av\/ xdkYaMumifh jyóemykpämonf

t<uif;tusefr&Sd/ wGufcsufNyD;av\/ puf0dkif;[lonf okn

yifwnf;/ tm;vHk;oknjzpfav\/ tm;vHk; tcsnf;ESD;jzpfav\/

tb,f0w¬KrS tcsnf;ESD; jzpfoenf;/ igrS? twårS?

touftaumifrS tcsnf;ESD; jzpfav\/ qdwfav\/

(rSwfcsuf / / rnfonfhbmom t,l0g'wckckudkrqdk

ppfaq;cGJpdwf pHkprf;Munfhyg/ tm;vHk;aom t,l0g'onf

t<uif;tusef &Sdaeavonfudkom awGY&ygvdrfhrnf/ xdkt<uif;

tusef[lonf tptOD;qHk;jzpfaom w&m;wckckjzpfap?

rBuHpnfEdkifaom xm0&bk&m;jzpfap jzpfaeygvdrfhrnf/

Ak'¨bmomonfomvQif BuHírjzpfEdkif? rBuHpnf&[k qdktyfaom


xm0&bk&m;uif;aom t,l0g' jzpfygonf/ Ak'¨bmomonf

omvQif t<uif;tusef r&Sdatmif pdppfí&aom t,l0g'

jzpfygonf/ Ak'¨bmomonfomvQif vHk;0rSefuefpGm ocFsm

twGufjzifh wGufppfEdkifaom t,l0g' jzpfygonf/)

4/ t0dZÆm[kqdktyfaom arm[[lonf tb,fenf;

t0dZÆm[lonf odwwfaomÓPf[k qdktyfaom? 0dZÆmrS

uif;aom w&m;wnf;/ odkY&mwGif todÓPfonf wpHkwckaom

w&m;jzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh arm[onf wpHkwckr&Sdaom okn

w&m; jzpf\/ odkY&mwGif arm[onf wPSmavmbudk

jzpfap\/ wPSmavmbonf cE¨mig;yg;udk jzpfap\/ odkYr[kwf

wenf;tm;jzifh oknonf oknudkokn jzpfap\/ tm;vHk;

oknjzpf\/ tcsnf;ESD; jzpf\/ jzpfaygjcif;rQom &Sd\/

tm;vHk;aom t&m[loa&GU jzpfay:jcif;rQ jzpfukef\/ jzpfí

tNrJwnf&Sdaeaomw&m; bmrQ r&Sdacs/


xdkYaMumifh oknom &Sd\/ tcsnf;ESD;om &Sd\/

oaAÁ"r®mtewåm tm;vHk;aom ½kyfemrfw&m; wdkYonf oknom

jzpfukef\/ twår[kwf? yk*¾dKvfr[kwf/ owå0gr[kwf/

avmuonf tcsnf;ESD; jzpf\/ tb,frS tcsnf;ESD; jzpfoenf;/

ig[laom toufaumifrS tcsnf;ESD; jzpf\/ qdwf\/

(rSwfcsuf/ / t<uif;tusef r&Sd/ aoaocsmcsm rSefuefpGm

wGufí&aom jyóemonf eHygwf oHk;üygaom tajzESifh

wnDwnGwfwnf; wdkufqdkifrdav\/ taMumif;rlum; opöm

w&m;onf w&m;rSefonf wckwnf;om &Sdjcif;aMumifhwnf;/)

5/ BudK;ESifha>r

rD;&xm;ESpfpif;wdkYonf ,SOfNydKifí t&SdefwlrQpGm armif;ESif

vsuf&Sd\/ uREfkyfwdkYonf rD;&xm; wpif;\ jywif;aygufrS

MunfhvdkufvQif tjcm;rD;&xm;wpif;\ vIyf&Sm;oGm;vmaeonf

udk rodEdkif/


xdkenf;wlpGm uREkfyfwdkYonf avmuudk wG,fwmcifrifí

aeaomtcg azmufjyefajymif;vGJ rNrJaom oabm&Sdaom t0dZÆm

arm[onf azmufjyefajymif;vGJ rNrJaom oabm&Sdaom

þavmuBuD;ESifhtwl t&SdefNydKifvsuf jzpfae\/ xdkYaMumifh

uREfkyfwdkYonf azmufjyefajymif;vGJ rNrJaom oabm&Sdaom

avmu\ azmufjyefajymif;vGJ rNrJaomoabmudk rjrifaom

oabmudk rjrifEdkifMu/ odkYjzpfí þavmuBuD;onf b,f

avmuf wifhw,fygovJ/ þavmuBuD;onf b,favmuf

cdkifrmNrJpGJygovJ/ þavmuBuD;onf b,favmuf om,m

ESpfoufzG,f aumif;ygovJ/ þavmuBuD;onf b,favmuf

[kwfygovJ[k uREfkyfwdkY ajymqdkMuavonf/

odkY&mwGif uREfkyfwdkYonf avmuBuD;rSm uRwfvGwf

xGufajrmufaomtcg? avmuBuD;udk tDaomtcg þavmuBuD;

twGif;ü oGm;vm0ifxGuf&ef jiif;y,fMuavonf/ azmufjyef

ajymif;vGJ rNrJaomoabm&Sdaom avmu[k qdktyfaom rD;&xm;


wpif; vIyf&Sm;oGm;vmaecdkuf uREfkyfwdkU\ todÓPf[k

qdktyfaom tjcm; rD;&xm;wpif;udk wjznf;jznf; t&Sdefoyfí

&yfvdkufygrl uREfkyfwdkYonf avmuBuD;\ azmufjyefajymif;vGJ

rNrJaomoabmudk jrifMu&av\/ xdkYaMumifh avmuBuD;onf

b,favmuf rwifhw,fygovJ/ b,favmuf rNrJygovJ/

avmuBuD;onf b,favmuf qif;&JygovJ/ avmuBuD;onf

b,favmuf rwnfwHh rcdkifrmygovJ[k ajymqdkMuavonf/

t0dZÆmarm[onf tdyfaysmfaejcif; jzpf\/ tarSmifjzpf\/

t0dZÆmonf uREfkyfwdkYtm; cyfodrf;aom t&m0w¬KwdkYudk

t[kwftrSef tppftwdkif; rjrifatmif vkyf\/ nOfhtcg

uREfkyfwdkY BudK;wpfacsmif;udk jrifaomtcg a>r[k rSwfxifMu\/

b0wckü jzpf&jcif;onf tdrfrufESifh wl\/ odkY&mwGif

t0dZÆmarm[onf þazmufjyefajymif;vGJ rNrJaomb0udk

NrJ\[kxifapjrifap\/


trSefudkod&jcif;onf tdyf&mrSEdk;vmonfESifh wl\/

todÓPf? ynm0dZÆmonf tvif;jzpf\/ todÓPfonf

uREfkyfwdkYtm; t&m0w¬K\ ,xmblw [kwfrSefwdkif;aom

oabmudk xifapjrifap\/ tvif;onf BudK;udkBudK;[k

xifapjrifap\/ todÓPfonf t0dZÆmarm[ BudK;? a>rwdkYudk

tm;vHk; r[kwfrrSef trSm;t,Gif; cdkifNrJjcif;r&Sd[k xifap

jrifap\/ cE¨mig;yg;\ csKyfNidrf;&m edAÁmefudk rsufarSmuf

jyK&aomtcg [kwfrSefaom todÓPfonf [kwfrSefaomw&m;

udk &av\/ xdkYaMumifh uREfkyfwdkYonf tdyfrufuJhodkYaom?

aMumufrufxdwfvefYzG,f aumif;aom? qif;&J'ku©twdjzpfaom

b0udk &,farmrdMuukef\/

6/ yxrqHk;taMumif;

uREfkyfwdkY\ Ak'¨jrwfpGm a[mMum;cJhonfrSm b0

tqufqufjzpfjcif;[k qdktyfaom oHo&monf tpr&Sd tqHk;

r&Sd[k a[mMum;awmfrlcJh\/ oHo&m\ tptqHk;udk rBuHtyf


rBuHpnfaumif;? tOD;tp yxrqHk; taMumif;r&Sd? tpr&dS/

taMumif;rlum; tpqHk;taMumif; &SdcJhygvQif xdktp\aemufu

bm&Sdygoenf;/ tu,fí wpHkw&m &Sdaeygao;vQif xdktpqHk;

taMumif;onf tOD;tp yxrqHk;taMumif; rjzpfEdkif&m/

tu,fí tpqHk;taMumif;ü bmrQr&SdcJhygvQifvnf; rajymif;

rvGJ tNrJwnfaom tptaMumif;onfvnf; taMumif;aMumifh

tusdK;qufum qufumjzpfí ajymif;vGJaeaom avmuBuD;udk

todkYvQif jzpfapEkdifygrnfenf;/ tu,fí razmufjyef

rajymif;vGJaom oabmonf azmufjyef ajymif;vGJaom

oabmudk jzpfapEdkifygvQif razmufjyef rajymif;vGJaom

oabmonf razmufjyef rajymif;vGJaomoabm rjzpfEdkif&m/

oHo&m\tpudk BuHpnfjcif;? awG;awmjcif;onf

½l;onftjzpfodkY a&mufapwwf\/

xdkYaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;u tptOD;qHk;\ taMumif;udk

pdppf&SmazGjcif;udk rjyKvkyf&ef wm;jrpf awmfrlcJhonf/ uREfkyfwdkY


onf odp&mudk odatmif a&S;OD;pGm tm;xkwfMu&rnf/ rod&rnfh

t&mudk pHkprf;&ef rvdk/ uREkfyfwdkY ig;ydómudk rç rEdkifvQif

b,faMumifh q,fydómudk r&ef tm;xkwfMu rnfenf;/

uREfkyfwdkYonf rD;avmifwdkufBuD;\ twGif;ü a&muf&Sdae

Mu\/ xdkYaMumifh xdkrD;avmifwdkuf\ twGif;rS xGufajrmuf&ef

BudK;pm;Mu&m\/ rD;avmifwdkufBuD;\ twGif;üaeí tb,f

aMumifh w&m;aqG;aEG; at;at;aeMurnfenf;/ tb,faMumifh

a&mrNrdKUBuD; rD;avmifaepOf apmif;wD;í aysmfyg;aeMurnfenf;/

rsufpdESpfvHk;vnf; w[kef;[kef; awmufavmifvsuf&Sd\/

em;ESpfbufvnf; woGufoGuf avmifuRrf;vsuf&Sd\/

ESmacgif;ESifhvQm? udk,fygrusef pdwfo@mefvnf; w[D;[D;

avmifuRrf;vsuf &Sdukef\/ b,f[mrusef cE¨mtvHk; w[Hk;[Hk;

avmifuRrf;vsuf&Sd\/ tb,fodkYaom rD;jzifh avmifuRrf;vsuf

&Sdaeoenf;[lrl wPSm&m*rD;? a'gorD;? arm[rD;? y#doaE¨

ae&jcif;rD;? tdk&jcif;rD;? ao&jcif;rD;? ylaqG;&jcif;rD;?


idkauR;&jcif;rD;? ylyifpdk;&drf&jcif;rD;? qif;&J&jcif;rD;? pdwfESvHk;

romr,m&jcif;rD;wdkYjzifh avmifuRrf;vsuf&Sd\/ xdkodkYjzpfvQif

uREkfyfwdkYonf rD;ab;BuD;rS vHk;0 vGwfajrmufEdkifMuaom

tcgüomvQif w&m;aqG;aEG;? at;at;oufom &TifjypGm

aeMu&m\/ odkYaomfvnf; vGwfajrmufNyD;aomtcg w&m;

aqG;aEG;&ef vdkawmhrnf r[kwfay/ aqG;aEG;pHkprf;&rnfh

ta&;onf tvif;a&mifBuD;\ twGif;ü aysmufuG,foGm;ay

vdrfhrnf/

tMuifol wOD;wa,mufonf tqdyfvl;aom jrm;rSefaom

tcg usifvnfwwfajrmufaom aq;q&m\tpGrf;jzifh xdkjrm;udk

Ekwfypfap&ef yxr ta&;BuD;aom wm0efjzpf\/ jrm;udk

ypfaomol av;jrm;ESifhwuG tqdyfwdkY\ taMumif;t&mudkod&rS

jrm;udktxkwfcHrnf[k jiif;qefaeaomolonf olodvdkorQ

tcsuftvuf? taMumif;t&mudkk rod&rDyif ao&&Smvdrfhrnf/

xdkYtwl oHo&mb0\ tpudk ppfaq; aqG;aEG;pHkprf;jcif;trIudk


rpGefYvTwfygvQif uREfkyfwdkYonf rD;avmifaeaom qif;&J

'ku©tdrfBuD;rS xGufajrmufcGifhudk &EdkifMuawmhrnf r[kwfay/

vGwfajrmuf&ef yxr ta&;BuD; ayonf/ aqG;aEG;pHkprf;jcif;

onf aemufrS (odkYr[kwf) b,ftcgrQ r&Sdoifhawmhacs/

xdkYaMumifh aqG;aEG;pHkprf;jcif;trIudk pGefYvTwfí edAÁmef&Sd&modkY

ajy;xGufMu&ef oifhukef\/ ]edAÁmeH y&rH okcH} [k a[mawmf

rlonfhtwdkif; edAÁmefonfomvQif taumif;jrwfqHk;aom

csrf;omtppfBuD; jzpfygownf;/

aA'ifusrf;wdkYonf (jAm[®PykPÖm;wdkY w&m;usrf;pmrsm;udk

qdkvdkonf/) oHo&mtp? b0\ tOD;taMumif; jyóemudk

tcsnf;ESD; tusdK;r&Sdonfudk nTefjyavaomaMumifh xdkaA'ifusrf;

udk oifMum;ukefaom jAm[®PykPÖm;wdkYonf rjzpfEdkifaom

twGufykpämudk wGufcsufaeMuaom uav; rsm;ESifh wlMu

ukef\/ odkY&mwGif ocFsmyg&*lwql jzpfawmfrlaom uREkfyfwdkY\

jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ydkrdkí odawmfrlavaomaMumifh xdkjAm[®P


ykPÖm;wdkY\ tcsnf;ESD; BudK;pm; tm;xkwfaeMujcif;udk twdkif;

rodaom u½kPmawmfjzifh iJhn§m oem;awmfrlav\/ y#doaE¨

aeí touf&Sifae&jcif;[k qdktyfaom b0onf tNrJyif

jyqdktyfcJhNyD;aom rD;wdkYjzifh awmufavmifvsuf &Sdae\/

uREfkyfwdkYonf a&S;OD;pGm teD;qHk;wHcg;aygufodkY vGwfajrmuf&ef

ajy;oGm;oifhMuukef\/ xdkaemufrS oHo&mtp? odtyfr\

BuHpnftyfaom b0tptaMumif;udk pdwf&Sdwdkif; aqG;aEG;

Mu&m\/

7/ owå0gwdkYonf tpOfrjywf edAÁmefudk &aeMuygvQif

þurÇmavmuBuD;onf tb,faMumifh owå0gukefcrf;

qdwfNidrfaom pcef;odkY ra&mufygoenf;/

jrwfpGmbk&m;onf - edAÁmefonf teEÅtyÜrmP tydkif;

tjcm;r&Sd? tmumo tjyifonfvnf; teEÅtyÜrmP tqHk;

tydkif;tjcm;r&Sd[k a[mawmfrl\/ tmumotjyifonf xif&Sm;

&Sdaom t&mr[kwfonfum; rSef\/ odkY&mwGif xif&Sm;&Sdí


rysufpD;aumif;aom teEÅtyÜrmP"mwfBuD;ESifh ra&maxG;ap&m?

xif&Sm;&Sdaomw&m;onf xif&Sm;&Sd\/ tyÜrmPw&m;onf

tyÜrmPw&m;jzpf\/ xif&Sm;&Sdaom edAÁme"mwfonf tpOf

rjywf teEÅtyÜrmPjzpf\/ xif&Sm;r&Sdaom teEÅtyÜrmP

tmumotjyifonf rysufpD; razmufjyefaomoabm tNrJrjzpf

Edkif&m? azmufjyefaom oabmom jzpf&m\/

edAÁmefonf teEÅtyÜrmPjzpfí tpvnf;r&Sd? tqHk;vnf;

r&Sd? xdkYaMumifh tmumotjyifonf teEÅtyÜrmPjzpfí

xif&Sm;r&Sdaom w&m;jzpfownf;/ tMuifol wpHkwa,muf

onf tmumomeÍöm ,wepsmefudk&vQif tmumo\

teEÅtyÜrmPjzpfí xif&Sm;r&Sdonf\ tjzpfudk odavaom

aMumifhwnf;/

odkY&mwGif t0dZÆmonf tcsnf;ESD;aom w&m;jzpf\/ (tajz

- 4 udk Munfhyg) xdkYaMumifh tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom w&m;onf

tpOfrjywf t0dZÆmudk jzpfap\/ wPSmudk? cE¨mig;yg;udk?


owå0gudk jzpfap\/ ,ckypöKyÜefüyif tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom

w&m;onf t0dZÆmwPSmcE¨m owå0gwdkYudk jzpfapvsuf &Sd\/

taMumif;rlum; taMumif;w&m;&SdvQif tusdK;w&m; jzpfNrJ

jzpfaomaMumifhwnf;/ taMumif;w&m;onf ,ckypöKyÜefüyif

tusdK;u jzpfapvsuf &SdaeaomaMumifhwnf;/ xdkYaMumifh

owå0gwdkYonf ta&twGuftm;jzifh teEÅtyÜrmP rsm;ukef\/

taMumif;rlum; taMumif; w&m;onf teEÅtyÜrmPjzpfvQif

tusdK;w&m;vnf; teEÅtyÜ&drmP jzpfaomaMumifhwnf;/

owå0gwdkYonf tpOftNrJ tcsnf;ESD;aom t0dZÆmw&m;rS

aygufyGm;ay:xGufvsuf &SdMuukef\/ xdkYaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;

onf oHo&m[k qdktyfaom b0cE¨mtpOfonf tptqHk;r&Sd[k

a[mawmfrl\/

xdkYaMumifh owå0gwdkYonf tpOfrjywf edAÁmefudk&vsuf

&SdMuukefaomfvnf; a&yGufESifhwlaom owå0gwdkYonf tcsnf;ESD;

jzpfí teEÅtyÜrmPjzpfaom ork'´&mt0dZÆmw&m;rS aygufyGm;


vsuf &SdaeMuukefaomaMumifh avmuurÇmBuD;onf ukefcef;

uG,faysmufaom pcrf;odkY ra&mufEdkifbJ &Sdavawmh\/

8/ twå0dnmOfac:aom taumif\ ya,m*uif;í

tb,fodkYvQif y#doaE¨ Zmwdw&m; jzpfxGef; ay:aygufEdkif

ygoenf;/

wyfESpfoufjcif;wPSmonf taMumif;jzpf\? b0onf

tusdK;jzpf\/ wyfESpfoufjcif; wPSmonf taMumif;jzpf\?

Zmwdonf tusdK;jzpf\/ Zmwdonf aygufyGm;jcif; jzpf\/

xdkYaMumifh Zmwdonf b0tqufquf jzpf\/ wyfESpfoufjcif;

wPSmonf opfyifwnf; [laom b0\ MoZmjzpf\/

wyfESpfoufjcif; wPSmudk zsufqD;vwfaomtcg b0onf

MoZmr&&Sdjcif;aMumifh jywfav\/ vlwOD;wa,muf aoaom

tcg oE¨mudk,fBuD;onf ysufpD;í ajr"mwfonf ajrESifh

aygif;\/ a&"mwfonfvnf; a&"mwfESifh? av"mwfonfvnf;

av"mwfESifh? rD;"mwfonfvnf; rD;"mwfESifh aygif;av\/


odkY&mwGif b0\MoZmjzpfaom wyfESpfoufjcif; wPSmonf

b,fuJhodkY jzpfoGm;ygoenf;/

aocgeD;cPü wyfESpfoufjcif;wPSmonf tvGeftm;BuD;

vm\/ taMumif;rlum; xdkvlonf b0? om;r,m;? Opömypönf;

ponfwdkYudk vGefpGm pGJvrf;Niduyf wG,fwmaomaMumifhwnf;/

olonf aorif;ESifh tusdK;rJh ckcHwdkufcdkuf\/ olonf aorif;

"m;jytm; rdrdcspfESpfoufaom Opömypönf; om;r,m;rsm;ESifh

uGJatmif jyKvkyfjcif;udk tvdkr&Sd/

Zmwdjzpfay:&ef taMumif;&if;onf wyfESpfoufjcif;

wPSm\ tpGrf;owådyifwnf;/ Zmwdjzpf ay:&ef taMumif;&if;

onf pdwf\ tpGrf;oabmjzpfaom wyfESpfoufjcif; wPSm

jzpf\/ pifppftm;jzifh þb0rS xdkb0odkY wpHkwckrQ

a&mufroGm;? wpHkwckrQrajymif;a&TU? wPSmonfomvQif

taMumif;jzpf\/ Zmwdonf tusdK;jzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh

wPSmonf pGJvrf;jcif; Oyg'gef\ taMumif;jzpf\/


pGJvrf;jcif; Oyg'gefonf jzpfay:jcif;b0\ taMumif;

jzpf\/

jzpfay:jcif;b0onf y#doaE¨aejcif; Zmwd\ taMumif;

jzpf\/

y#doaE¨\ taMumif;onf oHk;yg;&Sd\? (1) trd? (2) tz?

(3) aoaomol\ wPSm\ tpGrf;owåd/ þtaMumif;oHk;yg;

aygif;qHkrdvQif om;i,fonf y#doaE¨ wnfav\/ odkY&mwGif

ewfjynfü þtaMumif;oHk;yg;wGif rdbESpfyg; r&Sdaomfvnf;

y#doaE¨ wnfEdkif\/

wPSmonf b0wnf;[laom opfyif\ MoZmjzpf\/

wPSmonf b0\ taMumif;jzpf\/ odkY&mwGif tb,faMumifh

tcsdKUwPSmonfomvQif tcsdKUaomrdcif\ 0rf;üom y#doaE¨

tusdK;udk jzpfapygoenf;/ þodkYa&G;cs,fí y#doaE¨jzpfjcif;\

taMumif;onf tb,fygenf;/


tajz / / twdwfujyKcJhzl;aom um,uH? 0pDuH?

raemuH[k qdktyfaom uHyifwnf;/ aomhwacsmif;onf rdrdESifh

qdkif&m aomhcavmufrSwyg; tjcm;aomhcavmufcyfí r&bd

ouJhodkY? xdktwl tcsdKUaom wPSmonfomvQif rdrdESifh pyfqdkif

&m trd0rf;üom tusdK;udk jzpfap\/ tjcm;aom trd0rf;ü

tusdK;udkrjzpfap/ tMuifol wOD;wa,mufonf rdef;rtrsm;

wGif rdrdESpfouf&m rdef;rwa,mufudkom cspfjrwfEdk;bdouJhodkY?

xdkYtwl wPSmonfvnf; trd0rf; trsm;wGif wckwnf;aom

trd0rf;üom tusdK;udk jzpfap\/ twdwfu twlwuG aygif;

oif;qufqHcJhzl;jcif;? twdwf ypöKyÜefü cspfjrwfEdk;Mujcif;onf

trd? tb? wPSm taMumif;oHk;yg;udk aygif;qHkap\/

taMumif;rlum; a&ü MumaygufbdouJhodkY a&S;u twlwuG

aygif;oif;qufqH aexdkifzl;aomaMumifh ypöKyÜefü twljzpfMu

ukef\[k a[mawmfrlcJhownf;/


wPSmonf ½kyf? a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmOf [k

qdktyfaom Oyg'geu©E¨m ig;yg;\ taMumif;&if;jzpf\/

xdkOyg'geu©E¨mig;yg; taygif;onf yk*¾dKvfowå0g jzpf\/

xdkYaMumifh wPSmonf yk*¾dKvfowå0g\ taMumif;&if;jzpf\/

odkY&mwGif wPSmonf t0dZÆm ponfrS jzpfay:vm\/

tb,fuJhodkYenf;[lrl t0dZÆmonf ocFg&wdkY\ taMumif;jzpf\?

ocFg&wdkYonf 0dnmOf\ taMumif;jzpf\? 0dnmOfonf emrf½kyf

ESpfyg;\ taMumif;jzpf\? emrf½kyfESpfyg;onf ajcmufyg;aom

pu©Kpaom tm,wewdkY\ taMumif; jzpf\? tm,we

ajcmufyg;onf? zó\taMumif;jzpf\? zóonf a0'em\

taMumif;jzpf\? a0'emonf wPSm\ taMumif;jzpf\/

t0dZÆmrSpí a0'emwdkifatmifaom taMumif;wdkYonf

wPSmü tusHK;0ifukef\/ wPSmonf vnf; Oyg'gefb0

ZmwdtjzpfodkY a&mufav\/ ,ckjyqdkcJhNyD;aom pum;&yfwdkYonf

twå0dnmOf ac:aom taumif\ ya,m*uif;í wPSmwnf;


[laom taMumif;rS yk*¾dKvf ay:aygufvmyHk jzpfownf;/

avmurSm tpdkiftcJ½kyfw&m;r&Sd? obm0owådom&Sd\/

taMumif;rlum; tpdkiftcJ½kyfü tpdwfjzpfaom armfvDusL;ac:

½kyfao;&Sd\/ xdk½kyfao;üvnf; tufwGrfac: y&rmEkjrL½kyfao;

&Sdjyef\/ xdk½kyfao;üvnf; tDvufx&Gef;ac: vQyfppf"mwf

½kyfao; &Sdjyef\/ xdkvQyfppf"mwf onfvnf; wGef;uefjcif;?

zGJYpnf;jcif; obm0owådrQom jzpf\/ xdkaMumifh obm0owåd

onf omvQif ½kyfudkjzpfap\/ xdkaMumifh wPSm\ owådonf

omvQif yk*¾dKvfowå0gudk jzpfap\/

9/ b0onf awmufavmifíae\

vlonf twGif;tyESpfXmeü awmufavmifvsuf&Sd\/

omrn rD;ESifhwlpGm vlonf atmufpD*sif"mwfudk,lí

umAGef'dkifatmufqdkuf"mwfudk xkwfvsuf&Sd\/ cE¨mudk,fwGif;odkY

awaZm"mwf oGif;aeaom tpOfrjywf avmifuRrf;aerI udpöyif

jzpf\/ atmufpD*sif"mwfonf touf&SifrIESifh rD;awmufrIü


y"metaMumif; jzpf\/ avay;jcif;udk &yfpJvdkufvQif

touf&SifrIESifh rD;awmufrIonfvnf; wcgwnf; &yfpJav\/

touf&SifrIonfvnf; wjznf;jznf; avmifuRrf;rI

yifwnf;/ rD;oN*ØKvfjcif;onf tvQiftjref avmifuRrf;rI

yifwnf;/ avmifuRrf;rIonf ykyfodk;rIudkEdkif\/ wjznf;jznf;

avmifuRrf;rI &yfpJvQif ykyfodk;rI ay:aygufvmav\/ xdkaMumifh

vQifjrefpGm avmifuRrf;rIudk jyKvkyfMuukef\/

avmb? a'go? arm[? cspfjcif;? rkef;jcif;? rodjcif;wdkYonf

vlwdkY\ twGif;rD; jzpfukef\/ uREfkyfwdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;

a[mMum;awmfrlcJhonfrSm tm,we ajcmufyg;wdkYonf

avmifuRrf;vsuf&Sdukef\/ tb,frD;jzifh avmifuRrf;Muukef

oenf;[lrl avmbrD;? a'gorD;? arm[D;? ZmwdrD;? Z&mrD;?

r&PrD;? aomurD;? y&da'0rD;? 'ku©rD;? a'greórD;?

Oyg,morD;wdkYjzifh avmifuRrf;vsuf &SdMuukef\/


at;jraom edAÁmefcsrf;omudk &aomtcg tm,we

ajcmufyg;wdkYonfvnf; tcgcyfodrf; tNrJ at;jrMuukef\/

avmb? a'go? arm[ rD;oHk;yg;wdkYonfvnf; tcgcyfodrf;

tNrJ Nidrf;Muavukef\/ wPSm\owåd Nidrf;at;aomtcg

xif;r&í rD;Nidrf;&av\? ZmwdNidrf;av\/ azmufjyef

ysufqD;avh&Sdaomb0 Nidrf;av\/ razmufjyef rysufpD;aom

edAÁmefudk &av\/ tm;vHk; rD;awmufvsuf&Sd\/ tm;vHk;

avmifuRrf;vsuf&Sd\/ vlvnf; rD;awmufvsuf&Sd\/ tNrJwnf

aeaom twå0dnmOf r&Sdyg/

10/ olwdkY\ q&mtoH

uREfkyfwdkY\ oAÁñkAk'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;onf touf 35

ESpft&G,fü bk&m;jzpfí? 45 ESpfywfvHk; w&m;a[mawmfrl\/

odkY&mwGif vltrsm;wdkYonf xdk 45 ESpftwGif;ü jrwfpGmbk&m;udk

rzl;jrif vdkufMu&ukef/ tb,faMumifhygenf;/


taMumif;rlum; rysufpD;aom oabmw&m;onf

rysufpD;aom oabmw&m;udkkk &\/ rysufpD;aom jrwfpGmbk&m;

onf ysufpD;wwfaom ½kyf? a0'em? onm? ocFg&?

0dnmPfrjzpfEdkif/ xdkaMumifh vltrsm; jrifvdkufjcif;onf

pu©Kyom'\ tm½Hkjzpfaom ½lyg½Hko@mefrQom jzpf\/

odkY&mwGif 45 ESpfywfvHk; w&m; rnfol a[mygoenf;/

tHMozG,faumif;aom toHxGuf pufwckonf 45 ESpf

ywfvHk; w&m;a[m\/ vltrsm;wdkYonf olwdkY\ocif

toHudkom Mum;&\/

xdkaMumifh tNrJwnfaeaom twåaumif r&Sdyg/ wPSmESifh

wPSm\ csKyfNidrf;jcif; ESpfckrQom &Sdygonf/

11/ trSefw&m;udk jrifolonf bk&m;udkjrif\

tmeE´mt&Sifjrwfonf bk&m;ESifhtwl tESpfESpfq,f vdkufí

aeaomfvnf; bk&m;udkrjrif? b,fhaMumifhenf;/ taMumif;rlum;


tmeE´mt&Sifonf t&[wåzdkvfudk r&ao;aomaMumifhwnf;/

odkY&mwGif jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAÁmefpHvGefawmfrlNyD;onf aemufrS

t&[wåzdkvfudk &aomtcgüomvQif jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh a&S;OD;pGm

awGY&avonf/ tNrJwnfaeaom twåtaumif r&Sdyg/

trSm;ESifhtrSef? todÓPfESifh rodwwfaom arm[?

rNrJaomoabmESifh jrJaom oabmw&m;rsm;om &Sdygonf/

12/ vltwGif;ü twå\t&dyfta,mifrQr&Sd

vlonf t0dZÆmü tjrpfwG,faeaom wPSmaMumifh

jzpfay:vmaom cE¨mig;yg;tpk jzpf\/ cE¨mig;yg;[lonf

½lyu©E¨m - ½kyfw&m;? a0'eu©E¨m - cHpm;jcif;w&m;? onu©E¨m

- rSwfwwfaomw&m;? ocFg&u©E¨m - jyKjyifwwfaomw&m;?

0dnmPu©E¨m - odwwfaomw&m;/

jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlonfrSm ½kyfw&m;onf

twår[kwf? ½kyfw&m;onf twåjzpf cJhygvQif raoraysmuf

wef&m? ig\½kyfw&m;onf þokdY þokdY jzpfapygownf;/


þokdY þokdY rjzpfapownf;[k ajymwkdif; jzpfwef&m\/

okdY&mwGif ½kyfw&m;onf twår[kwfonf jzpfíomvQif

aoaysmuf&av\/ ig\ ½kyfw&m;onf þokdY þokdY jzpfap

wnf;/ þokdY þokdY rjzpfapownf;[k ajymwkdif;rjzpfbJ

&Sdav\/ (a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmOf) wkdUüvnf;

þenf;wlyif a[mawmfrl\/

xkdaMumifh ½kyf? a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmPfwkdYonf

twår[kwfavaomaMumifh vlü twå\ t&dyfta,mif

tenf;i,frQ r&Sdacs/

13/ rysufpD;wufaomoabmw&m;ESifh

ysufpD;wufaomoabmw&m; twlwuGrjzpfEkdif

razmufjyefrysufpD;aom w&m;onf azmufjyefysufpD;wwf

aomw&m;ESihf qufoG,fí r&Ekdif/ taMumif;rlum; azmufjyef

ysufpD;wwfaom oabm&Sdaom ukd,fcE¨mtwGif;ü rysufpD;bJ


wnfaeaom twå&Sdygrlum; xkdtwåonf edAÁmefokdY csufcsif;

jyefoGm;&m\/ a&onf a&ESifhtwl pD;\/ EGm;EkdYonf EGm;EkdYESihf?

usifi,fonf usifi,fESihf? rpifbifykyfonf rpifbifykyfESifhtwl

pD;oGm;\/ rysufpD;aom oabmw&m;onfvnf; rysufpD;aom

oabmESihftwl? ysufpD;wwfaom oabmw&m;onfvnf;

ysufpD;wwfaom w&m;ESifhtwl pD;oGm;\/ xkdaMumifh rysufpD;

aom twå0dnmOfonf ysufpD;wwfaom cE¨mukd,fESihf b,fenf;

ESihfrQ qufoG,fjcif; r&SdEkdif&m/ taMumif;rlum; rysufpD;aom

w&m;ESihf ysufpD;aom w&m;wkdUonf qufoG,fjcif; r&SdEkdif

aomaMumifhwnf;/

14/ rsufpdukdxkwfypfyg

twåonf tu,fí jrifwwfvQif rsufpdukdxkwfí

tuG,ftum r&Sdaomtcg twåonf ykdí jrifEkdif&m\/

twåonf tu,fí Mum;wwfvQif em;ukdxkwfí tuG,ftum

r&Sdaomtcg twåonf ykdkí Mum;Ekdif&m\/ xkdtwl MuGif;aom


tm½kHukd ,lwwfaom ESmacgif; ponfwkdYü rSwf&m\/ ESmacgif;?

vQm? ta&wkdYukd xkwfypfvkdufvQif twåonf teHY? t&om?

tawGYwkdYukd ykdkrkdí odEkdif&m\/ b,faMumifh ykdrkdí odEkdif&m

oenf;/ tuG,ftumukd xkwfypfvkdufaomaMumifhwnf;/

xkdaMumihf ysufpD;wwfaom cE¨mukd,ftwGif;ü rysufpD;

wwfaom tNrJwnfaeom twå {uefr&Sdyg/

15/ b,faMumifh em;jzifhrjrifEkdifoenf;

tu,fí twåonf jrifwwfvQif em;jzifhvnf; twåonf

jrifEkdif&m\/ rsufpdjzifhvnf; Mum;Ekdif&m\/ vQmjzifhvnf;

teHYukd odEkdif&m\/ ESmacgif;jzifhvnf; t&omukd odEkdif&m\/

þokdYaom tjcif;t&m ponfvnf; rjzpfEkdif&m/

xkdaMumifh ysufpD;wwfaom cE¨mukd,ftwGif;üyif rysufpD;

bJ tNrJwnfaeaom twå {uefr&Sdyg/


16/ edAÁmefudkrnfolcHpm;ygoenf;

avmuü ½kyftpkdiftcJr&Sd? obm0 owådom &Sd\/ tm;vkH;

jzpfysufajymif;vGJvsuf &Sd\/ twår&Sd/ xkdokdYjzpfvQif avmuukd

tb,fonf cHpm;? pHpm;oenf;/ ysufpD;wwfaom oabmonf

ysufpD;wwfaom oabmukd cHpm;\/ edAÁmefukd tb,fonf

cHpm;? pHpm; oenf;/ rysufpD; wwfaom oabmonf

rysufpD;wwfaom oabmukd cHpm;\/

edAÁme

raemykAÁ*Frm "r®m? raemao|m raemr,m?

reom ap y'ka|e? bmowd0g ua&mwd0g/

wawm eH 'ku©raEGwd? puúH0 0[awm y'H?

raemykAÁ*Frm "r®m? raemao|m raemr,m/

reom ap yoaEée? bmowd0g ua&mwd0g?

wawm eH okcraEGwd? qm,m0 tEkyg,deD/


cyfodrf;aom w&m;wkkdUonf pdwfomvQif a&SUoGm;&Sd\/

pdwfomvQif tBuD;trSL;&Sd\/ pdwfaMumihfjyD;ukef\/ raumif;

aompdwfjzifh ajymrd? vkyfrd? MuHpnfrdjim;tHh/ 0efukd½kef;aom

EGm;\ajc&mukd vSnf;bD;onf xufcsyfeif;í vkdufbdouJhokdY?

xkdoltm; qif;&Ja0'emonf waumufaumuf aemufuvkdufí

ESdyfpufav\/

cyfodrf;aomw&m;wkdYonf pdwfomvQif a&SUoGm;&Sdukef\/

pdwfomvQif tBuD;trSL;&Sd\/ pdwfaMumifhjyD;ukef\/ aumif;jrwf

pifMu,faompdwfjzifh ajymrd? vkyfrd? MuHpnfrdjim;tHh/ t&dyfonf

vlaemufokdY oGm;av&m xufcsyfygbdouJhokdY? csrf;omokconf

vnf; xufcsyfruGm vkdufygav\/

tm;vkH; taMumif;? tusKd;om jzpf\

cHkrifESpfouf pGJvrf;aom wPSmonf uREkfyfwkdUukd wb0rS

wb0okdY ykdYaqmif\/ opfwyifrS wyifokdU ul;oGm;aom

arsmufuJhokdYwnf;/ ysufpD;jcif;oabm&Sdaom vlonf ysufpD;


jcif;oabm&Sdaom avmuukd cHpm;\/ t0dZÆmukd zsufqD;NyD;í

rysufpD;wwfaomw&m;ukd &aomtcg &[EÅmyk*¾dKvfonf edAÁmef

ukd &av\/ okdYr[kwf wenf;tm;jzifh rysufpD;wwfaom

w&m;onf rysufpD;wwfaomw&m;ukd &av\/

pGefYvTwfjcif;onfomvQif edAÁmefokdYa&mufaMumif;jzpf\

ysufpD;wwfaom avmuukd cHpm;jcif;ESifh rysufpD;

wwfaom edAÁmefukd cHpm;jcif;onf wNyKdifeuf rjzpfEkdif? edAÁmefukd

tvkd&SdvQif umr*kPfcHpm;jcif;ukd pGefYvGwf&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdY

a&G;cs,f &rnfh tvkd&Sdaomt&monf umr*kPfcHpm;jcif;

jzpfovm;? edAÁmefukdcHpm;jcif; jzpfovm;/ wNydKifeuf ESpfckvkH;ukd

ra&G;cs,fEkdif/

edAÁmefü azmufjyefjcif; r&SdaomaMumifh tusKd;taMumif;

w&m; ESpfyg;r&Sd/ taMumif;tusKd; ESpfyg;onf azmufjyefrIü

rSDvsuf&Sd\/ azmufjyefrI r&Sd&mü taMumif;tusKd; r&Sd/

tusKd;onf taMumif;ESifh xyfwlxyfrQ jzpf\/


rD;Nidrf;aomtcg azmufjyefrI Nidrf;\/ xkdaMumihfyif

taMumif;tusKd;ESpfyg; uG,faysmufav\/ xkdenf;wlpGm

avmb? a'go? arm[rD; Nidrf;aomtcg azmufjyefrI

Nidrf;av\/ jrwfaom edAÁmefukd &av\/ xkdedAÁmefü taMumif;

tusKd; ESpfyg;vkH;vkH; r&Sdawmhacs/ wenf;tm;jzifh taMumif;

tusKd; ESpfyg;wkdYonf wckESifhwck tcsif;csif; wlMuav\/

rysufpD;aom w&m;onf rysufpD;aom w&m;ukd&í

,kHrSm;oHo, ESvkH;ESpfcG awG;awmjcif;wkdYonf tcsif;cyfodrf;

uG,faysmufav\/

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w&m;vnf;r&Sd/ [dE´Lbmomonf opömav;yg;w&m;ukd

tenf;i,frQ rodygacs/


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\ csKyfNidrf;&m edAÁmefokdYa&mufaMumif; r*¾opömw&m;ukd jrif\/

rnfolrqkd ork',opömukdjrifvQif 'ku©opöm? eda&m"opöm?

r*¾opömw&m;rsm;ukd jrif\/

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[dE´LvlrsKd; wkdYonf odvsufESifh or®m'd|dt,l0g'ukd pGefYvTwfí

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ajymqkdcJh\/

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b,ftcgrQ vGwfvyfcGihf r&Muukef/ ,ck jrwfpGmbk&m;

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xkdaMumufxdwfvefYzG,faom pum;rsm;ukd Mum;Muukef

aomaMumihfomvQif &[EÅm t&SifjrwfBuD;wkdYonf omoemawmf

NrJjrefckdifcefY t&SnfwnfwHhpdrfhaomiSm &mZN*dK[fjynfü aygif;pkí

yxro*Fg,em wifawmfrlcJhMuukef\/ þaMumufrufzG,faom


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rkef;Muukef\/

tdE´d,EkdifiHonf aemifwwzef &&Sdí vsifjrefpGm arG;zGm;

ay:ayguf&mjzpfaom rdrdae&mokdY a&mufatmif Ak'¨bmom

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at;jrcsrf;omjcif; okconf wzef jyefvnf qkdufa&mufay

vdrfhrnf/

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trSm;tqifhykHí trSm;ykHBuD; jyKvkyfaeMuaom olwkdY jzpfukef\/

i&Jonf xkdolwkdYtm; apmifhpm;vsuf&Sdae\/


aumif;aom taMumif;onf aumif;aom tusKd;ukdom

ay;\/ Ak'¨bmomonf rSefuefao t,l0g'jzpf\/ xkdaMumifh

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Muygukefavmh/


ESTABLISHING THE SAMGHA

IN THE WEST

taemufEkdifiHü oHCmwnfaxmifa&;

tDwmvsHbkef;BuD; OD;avmuemx

atmifaZ,swk pmyHkESdyfwdkuf

ZD;ukef;NrdKU/

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tkyfa& 700/


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earm wób*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó

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EdI;aqmfawmfrlonfrSm -

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aumif;jcif;? tv,füaumif;jcif;? tqHk;üaumif;jcif; &dSaom

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wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfawmfrlcJhonf/

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&[ef;awmfrsm;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ om;awmf Ak'¨ykwå jzpfMu

ukef\/


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jrwfqHk; jzpfay\/

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jrwfpGmbk&m;onf bkef;awmf tvGef BuD;awmfrl\/

cyfodrf;aomolwkdY\ ylaZmftxl;udk cHawmfrlxdkuf\/

tvHk;pHkaom w&m;udk odawmfrl\/

jA[®mwdkY\ q&mjzpfawmfrl\/

ewfwdkY\ q&mjzpfawmfrl\/


vlwdkY\ q&mjzpfawmfrl\/

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jref;<uawmf rlMuukefavmh? a&mufonfESifhwNydKifeuf taemuf

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taemufEkdifiHHü oHCmzJGYpnf; wnfaxmifr&eftvdkYiSm rdrdwdkY\

toufudk pGefYvTwfMuygukefavmh/

omoemjyKa&;ü wkdufwGef; EId;aqmfrnfholtppfonf

pGefYpm;jcif;onfyif jzpf\/ pGefYpm;jcif;&dSrS omvQif avmuü

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&[ef;awmfonf þokdYqifjcifatmufarhavmh/

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a&S;OD;pGm 'geyg&rDudk jyD;ajrmufatmif jznfhusifhtHh/ ighrSm

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,aeY tcsdeftcgor,upí tm;xkwf aqmif&GuftHh/}}


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NrdKUrS a&mrNrdKUodkY ajcvsifavQmuftHh/}}

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pHerlemjyí igonf a[majymtHh/ pHerlemjyKjcif;onf taumif;

qHk;aom q&mjzpf\/ arwåm? u&kPmw&m;onf vlrsdK;wdkif;

odEkdifaom bmompum; jzpf\/ arwåm? u&kPm w&m;ukd

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aom rsufvHk;rsm;onf ig\udk,fpm; a[mMum; nTefjyMuukef

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omoemawmf jzpfonfomr[kwfbJ taemufwkdif;EkdifiH\

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&[ef;awmf q,fyg;onf pGefYpm;jcif;? twkdif;rodaom arwåm

*½kPm&dSjcif;? udavom umr*kPfrS qdwfjcif;? vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;

acgif;yg;jcif;[k qkdtyfaom t*Fgav;yg;ESifh jynfhpHkonf jzpftHh/

Ak'¨bmom omoemawmfonf wurÇmvHk;udk vTrf;rdk;

atmifjrifvdrfhrnf/

Ak'¨bmom &[ef;awmfrsm;rSm aiGaMu;r&dSMu/ xdkodkY

aiGaMu;r&dSjcif;onf t&awmfavpG/ bmomomoemjyKa&;ü

aiGaMu;r&dS qif;&Jjcif;onf tvGef wefcdk;BuD;\/ &[ef;awmf


rsm;onf rGeffjrwfaom qif;&Jjcif;jzifh qif;&Jjcif;udk 0rf;ajrmuf

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Ekdif\/ tb,fenf;tm;jzifh ajymif;vJapEkdifoenf;qkdaomf

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ajymif;vJapEkdif\/ ,ck tcgor,onf omoemawmfudk

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ukeftHh/

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126. အီတာလ်ံဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီး ဦးေလာကနာထ၏...

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