1203936339516 ril shoring and sloping fo excavations standard

7/31/2019 1203936339516 RIL Shoring and Sloping Fo Excavations Standard

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D o cu m e n t Co n t r o l D e t a ils

Revision Date Reason For Issue Compiled by Approved by

0 Jan08 Corporate Standard Mr. Dinesh Vaidya Dr Prasad Tipnis

Next Review Date Jan09

User No tes : - The Centre for Health Safety and Environment Excellence (CHSEE) is thecustodian of this document and is responsible for the Administration and Authorization of this

Standard. CHSEE is responsible for confirming the accuracy and integrity of content andproposed changes to the Standard.

Controlled copy of the current version of this document is held at CHSEE and also available onits portal. Any printed / electronic copy of this document is uncontrolled. It is recommendedthat users verify that the version being used by them is the current version by referring to thecontrolled version


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Shoring, Sloping for Excavations RIL Group Standard

A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t

The management acknowledges the contributions of the following individuals for being a part ofthe inter-site workgroup and for their assistance in preparing this standard for Shoring and

Sloping of Excavations

L o c a t i o n M e m b e r s

CHSEE

Mr. Dinesh Vaidya

Mr. Neeraj Kumar Sharma

J a m n a g a r

Mr. Hiren D Mehta

Mr. Mahendra Shevde

H a z i r a

Mr. Deepak Agrwal

Mr. B Srikanth

Pa ta lganga

Mr. Debendra Das

Mr. Vasant Warke

V a d o d a r a

Mr.S.S. Desai

Mr. RK Desai

N a g o t h a n e

Ms Sonali Deshpande

Mr.M.P.Mithagre

G a n d h a r

Mr. Anil Kumar Ramnath

Mr. Sanjeev Prasad

The management also acknowledges the guidance and help of the following experts fromDuPont Safety Resources.

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Agency Members

D u P o n t S a f e ty R e s o u r c e s

Mr. Dirk Eikemans

Dr. Anil Bhaskar


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Table o f Con ten t s

DOCUM ENT CONTROL DETAILS .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .1

ACKNOW LEDGE ME NT ... .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. 2 TABLE OF CONTEN TS..... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 3 DOCUM ENT ISSU E ... .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . 4 ABBRE VIATION S ..... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 5 1. INTR ODUCTION ... .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . 6

1.1. Intent and Purpose..........................................................................................62 . SCOPE AND FIELD OF APP LICATION .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 6

2.1. Field of Application.........................................................................................63 . R EF ER EN CES..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 74 . DEF INI TIONS ... .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . 75. GEN ER AL..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6 . SP ECIFI C EXCAVATION REQ UIR EM EN TS ... .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. 8 7. SPE CIFIC TRENCH ING REQU IRE MEN TS .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 9 8 . COMM ER CIAL SH ORI NG DE VICES ... .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . 119 . M ANAGEM EN T SYSTEM S..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11FI GUR ES ..... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Figure 1. Close sheet shoring................................................................................. 12Figure 2 Rib-type shoring...................................................................................... 13Figure 3 Sheet piling, typical example .................................................................. 14

TABLE ..... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 15 Table 1 Approximate angle of repose for sloping of sides of excavations............. 15

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Table 2 Trench shoring minimum requirements .............................................. 16


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D o cu m e n t I s s u e

The Shoring Sloping for Excavation Standard is issued by the Centre for Health, Safety &Environment Excellence (CHSEE), on behalf of Reliance Industries Limited management andform a part of the of Reliance Industries Limited HSE management system.

Name: ...................................................................................................................

Signed: .................................................................................................................

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Date: ..................................................................................................................


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Abbrev ia t ions

RIL - Reliance Industries limited

HSE - Health, Safety and Environment

CHSEE Centre for Health, Safety and Environment Excellence

GMS - Group Manufacturing Services

PPE - Personal Protective Equipment

IS - Indian Standards

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PSM -Process Safety Management


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1. I n t r o d u c t i o n

At Reliance, major projects have been planned for the coming years. The magnitude of theprojects suggests that it involves constructing and erecting mega structures. This meanshuge excavations will be involved for pipelines, foundations and also the basementstructures. Reliance believes in adapting the world class practices in this area of projectexecution to impart adequate protection to personnel and machineries from theexcavation of falling objects from an excavation area.

1.1. I n t en t a n d P u r p o s e

This standard is developed to cover the safe practices required for shoring, slopingduring trenching and excavations. This standard is developed to establishmandatory requirements for practices to protect personnel from hazardsassociated in this area.

These guidelines will help to provide a new impetus towards achieving the best inclass safety standards. This revision-0 release of the standard is formulated basedon world class practices and with the help of DuPont Safety Resources.

2. Scope an d f ie ld of ap pl ica t ion

This standard has been developed by an inter-Location workgroup with guidance ofexperts from DuPont Safety Resources. Various roles and responsibilities have beendefined for the persons associated excavation. The practices which have been identifiedhere are equally applicable across all locations and Group companies. This will also helpin bringing about a consistency in the process used across all locations.Businesses/Locations should be aware that local regulations might impose conditions notreflected in this standard. Additional information on regulations comes from a number of

sources, including Statutory/Regulatory Documents.

Businesses/Locations should be aware that local regulations might impose conditions notreflected in this standard. Additional information on regulations comes from a number ofsources, including Statutory/Regulatory Documents.

While the intent of the Standards is to bring in homogeneity across all Businesses /locations in the implementation of the standards, certain provisions are kept to allowsome latitude to the implementing locations. However, those requirements in thisstandard which are noted in italics are mandatory. Any question regarding theinterpretation of the standards in respect of mandatory versus non mandatory should bereferred to the Centre for HSE Excellence for clarification.

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2.1. Field of Appl ica t ion

See the RIL HSE Protocol, Corporate Policy.


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3. Re f e r e nc e s

Cor por a te Po l icy

HSE Protocol

HSE Commitment

Responsible Care

Corporate Standards

Administration of On-site Contractor Safety

Lockout/Tagout Basic Requirements

Confined Space Entry

Scaffold Safety

Risk assessment for non routine tasks

Electrical Safety Management

Respiratory Protective Equipment

Safety Belt and Fall Protection Systems

Occupational Health Management

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4 . Def in i t ions

There are no exact definitions available to differentiate between trench andexcavation; however, the following may be used as a guideline in selecting shoring orsloping required.

Tr e n c h -Generally long, narrow, and deeper than its width, but the width of a trench isnot greater than 4.5 Mt. (15 feet). Relatively small volume of earth involved. Used forinstallation or maintenance of underground pipelines, conduit, cables, or footings forbuildings without basement. Size generally makes shoring more economical than slopingof banks.

Excava t ion - Any man-made cut, cavity, trench or depression in earth surface formed byearth removal. Relatively large volume of earth is involved. Generally have relativelyequal dimensions of width and length. Depth will vary but usually is lesser than thesmaller dimension. Used for basements, installation or maintenance of undergroundtanks and pipelines, piling, culverts, and larger spread footings. Size generally makessloping of banks more economical than shoring.

S h o r i n g - A structure that supports the sides of an excavation and protects against cave -in

Sloping - A technique that employs a specific angle of incline on the sides of the

excavation. The angle varies based on the assessment of impacting side factors.


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An gle o f r e pose - The greatest angle above the horizontal plane at which thematerial lie without sliding.

Q u a l i f i e d / p e r s o n ( s ) - Those who by extensive knowledge, training, and experiencehave successfully demonstrated their ability to carry out sloping and shoring of anexcavation and

5. G e n e r a l

5.1. All t renches an d excavation s m eet ing the requirem ents shall be shored or sloped .In addit ion , shor ing and sloping of all other trenches and excavation s shall be

determined by a qualified person

5.2. Daily inspect ion s of tr enches an d excavat ion s shall be m ade by a qualifiedperson. If ev idence of possible cave-ins or slides is ap parent, all w ork in the

trench or excavation shall cease until the necessary precautions have been taken

to safeguard the em ployees.

5.3. Table 1 illustrates the approximate angle of repose for sloping of sides ofexcavations.5.4 . Figures 1, 2, and 3 show examples of shoring used. Table 2 lists the minimum

requirem ents for shoring.

5.5. Ad equate phy sica l bar ricades shall be provided to p reven t personnel f rom fa llinginto excavat ions or trenches. Visual warn ing bar ricades of rope, tape, chain, etc.,

m ay be used if erected 6 feet back from the edges of the excavation or trench.

5.6 . Ad equately suppor ted w alkw ays or br idges w ith ha ndr ails shall be providedwhere personnel or equipment are required or permitted to cross over

excavations.

5.7. En sure tha t there are no scaffolds or tem porary st ru ctures adjacen t to w heretrench or excavation is to be made unless adequate measures have been taken

based on a form al risk assessm ent.

5 .8 . Sloping and Shoring of an excavation should be done under the supervision of aqualified person.

6 . S pe c ifi c e xca va t ion r e qu i r e m e n t s

6.1. The determination of the angle of repose and design of the supporting system shall

be based upon factors such as: depth of cut; possible variation in water content ofthe material while the excavation is open; anticipated changes in materials fromexposure to air, sun, water, or freezing; loading imposed by structures, equipment,overlying material, or stored material; and vibration from equipment, blasting,traffic, or other sources.

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6 .2 . Supporting systems; i.e., piling, cribbing, shoring, etc., shall be designed to meetaccepted engineering requirements. When tie rods are used to restrain the top ofsheeting or other retaining systems, the rods shall be securely anchored well backof the angle of repose.

W hen tight sheeting or sheet piling is used, full loading du e to ground w ater table

shall be assumed, unless prevented by weep holes or drains or other means.Ad dition al stringers, ties, and bracing shall be prov ided to allow for any


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necessary tem porary rem oval of individual supports.

6.3 . All slopes shall be excavated to at least the angle of repose except for areas wheresolid rock allows for line drilling or pre-splitting.

6 .4 . The angle of repose shall be flattened when an excavation has water conditions,

silty materials, loose boulders, and areas where erosion, deep frost action, andslide planes appear.

6.5 . In excavations which personnel may be required to enter, excavated or othermaterial shall be effectively stored and retained at least 3 feet from the edge of theexcavations.

6.5.1. As an alternative to the clearan ce described in 6.5, it is perm issible touse effective barriers or other effective retaining devices in lieu thereof

in order to prevent excavated or other materials from falling into the

excavation.

6 .6 . Except in hard rock, excavations below the level of the base of footing of anyfoundation or retaining wall shall not be permitted, unless the wall is underpinnedand all other precautions taken to ensure the stability of the adjacent walls for theprotection of employees involved in excavation work or in the vicinity thereof.

Div er s io n d it ch es , d ik es , o r o t h er su it a b le m ea n s s h a ll b e u sed t o

p r ev en t su r fa ce w a t er f r o m en t er in g a n ex ca v a t io n , a n d t o p r o v id e

a d e q u a t e d r a i n a g e o f t h e a r e a a d j a ce n t t o t h e e x ca v a t i o n . W a t e r s h a l l

n o t b e a l lo w e d t o a c cu m u l a t e in a n e x ca v a t i o n .

6.7. If it is n ecessary to place or operat e pow er shov els, derricks, t rucks, m aterials, orother heavy objects on a level above and near an excavation, the side of the

excavation shall be sheet-piled, shored, and braced as necessary to resist theextra pressure due to such superim posed loads.

6.7. When mobile equipment is utilized or allowed adjacent to excavations,substan tial stop logs, or bar ricades shall be installed. If p ossible, the grade should

be aw ay from the excavation.

6 . 8 . In loca tion s w here oxygen deficiency or gaseous con dition s ar e possib le, air inthe excavation shall be tested. Controls, as set forth in RIL Standard Confined

Space Entry, shall be established to assure acceptable atmospheric conditions.

When flammable gases are present, adequate ventilation shall be provided or

sources of ign ition shall be elim inated.

7. S p e cifi c tr e n c h in g r e q u i r e m e n t s

7.1. Banks m ore than 5 feet high shall be shored, laid back to a stable slope, or som eother equivalent m eans of protection shall be provided where em ployees m ay be

exposed to moving ground or cave-ins. Refer to Table 1 as a guide in sloping of

banks. Trenches less than 5 feet in depth also shall be effectively protected when

examination of the ground indicates hazardous ground movement may be

expected.

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7.2. Sides of trenches in unstable or soft material, 5 feet or more in depth, shall beshored, sheeted, braced, sloped, or otherwise supported by means of sufficient

strength to protect the personnel working w ithin them . See Tables 1 and 2.


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7.3. Sides of trenches in hard or compact soil, including embankments,shall be shored or otherwise supported when the trench is more than 5 feet in

depth. In lieu of shoring, the sides of the trench above the 5-foot level may be

sloped to preclude collapse, but sha ll not be steeper than a 1-foot rise to each 1/ 2-

foot horizontal. W hen the outsid e diam eter of a pipe is greater than 6 feet , a

bench of 4 foot m inimum shall be provided at the toe of the sloped portion.

7.4. Material used for sheeting and sheet piling, bracing, shoring, and underpinning,shall be of sound quality and in good serviceable condition. Where timbers areused, they shall be sound and free from large or loose knots (minimum grade oftimber should be No. 2). The installation shall be effective to the bottom of theexcavation. Minimum requirements for trench timbering shall be in accordancewith Table 2.

7.4.1. Braces and diagonal shores in a wood shoring system shall not besubjected to compressive stress in excess of values given by the followingformula:

S = 1300 = (?)

Maximum ratio = 50

Where

L = Length, unsupported, in inches

D = Least side of the timber, in inches

S = Allowable stress in pounds per square inch of cross section

7.5. Where personnel are required to be in trenches 4 feet deep or more, an adequatemeans of exit, such as a ladder or steps, shall be provided and so located as to

prov ide m eans of exit w ithout m ore than25 feet of lateral tra vel.

Or

Where personnel are required to be in trenches, adequate means for access and

egress should be provided. All trenches 4 feet or more in depth shall at all times

be supplied with at least with one ladder for each 25 ft. in length or fraction

thereof. Ladder shall be extended from bottom of the trench to at least 3.3 feetabove the surface of the ground.

7.6. Bracing or shoring of t renches sha ll be carr ied along w ith t he excavation .7.6.1. Cross braces or tren ch jacks shall be placed in true horizontal position,

be spaced vertically, and be secured to prevent sliding, falling, or

kickouts

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20L

D

L

D


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8 . Com m e r c i a l s ho r in g de v ic e s

8.1. Several types of commercial equipment are available which reduce manpower andtime required such that cost can be justified for extensive or repetitive-typeshoring operations. Two types are described below

8.1.1. P n e u m a t i ca l ly-a c t u a t e d t r e n c h j a c k

A compressed air operated jack, including a mechanical pin to preventthe jack from loosening. Jacks can produce up to 2,500 lb of thrust andhave crushing strength of 36,000 lb.

8.1.2. Hinged , fo ld ing f r ame o f up r igh t r a i l s and hydrau l i ca l ly -o p e r a t e d t r e n c h ja c k s

Each frame can be set into place from the top of the excavation andsecured without entering the trench. Use has some limitations if the ditchsides are not vertical.

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9 . M a n a g e m e n t S ys t em s

S u p p o r t R e s ou r c es

Business/ site/location HSE resources are available to provide assistance with theimplementation of this standard. In addition, the Centre for HSE Excellence and theEngineering group may be called on for assistance.

M a n a g e m e n t R e co r d s

Recor ds shall be retained in com pliance w ith the Corporate Records and In form ation

Man agem en t Program .

Au d i t R e q u i r e m e n t s

Each location/site should audit compliance with this standard as part of its HSE auditprogram.

S ta n d a r d R e n e w a l P r o ce s s

This standa rd shall be review ed and rev ised as necessary an d, at a m inimum , not later

than five years from the date of the last revision.

Devia t ion P r oces s

Dev iation s from this s tandard shall be aut horized by the sit e President for the relev an t

site after consultation with the Centre for HSE Excellence and non-objection from the

company Apex HSE Committee. Deviations shall be documented, and documentation

shall include the relevant facts supporting the deviation decision. Deviation

authorization must be renewed periodically and no less frequently than every three

years.

Contac t

The contact for this document is the Centre for HSE Excellence.


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FIGURES

Figure 1. Close sheet shoring

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Stringer

Upright

Close sheeting

Cross Brace


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F igur e 2 R ib -type s h o r ing

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Trench jack (or cross brace)

Upright

Stringer


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Figu r e 3 Shee t p i ling , typ ica l exam ple

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Table

Tab le 1 App ro x im ate a ng le o f r epo se fo r s lop in g o f s ides o f excava t ions

Notes: Clays, silts, looms or non-homogenous soils require shoring and bracing. The presenceof ground water requires special treatment.

Solid rock

shale, orcemented

sand and

gravels

(90)

Compacted

angular

gravels

: 1 (63)

Recommended

slope for

average sails

1:1 (45)

Compacted

Sharp Sand

1-1 : 1

(33)

Well

rounded

loose

sand 2:1

(26)

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Ta b le 2 Tr e n c h sh o r i n g m i n im u m r e q u i r e m e n t s

S iz e a n d s p a c in g o f m e m b e r s

Uprights Stringers Cross Braces

Width of trenchMaximum

spacing

Depthoftr

ench

Kindofconditio

nofearth

Minimumdimension

Maximumspacing

Minimumdimension

Maximumspacing

Upto3Ft

3to6Ft

6to9Ft

9to12Ft

12to15

Ft

Vertical

Horizontal

Ft In. Ft In. Ft In. In. In. In. In. Ft Ft

Hard,

Compact

3 4 or

2 6

6 - -

2

6

4

4

4

6

6

6

6

8

4 6

Likely tocrack

3 4 or

2 6

34

6

42

6

4

4

4

6

6

6

6

8

4 6

Soft, sandyor filled

3 4 or

2 6

Closesheeting

4

6

4

4

4

4

6

6

6

6

8

8

8

4 6

5 to 10

Hydrostatic pressure

3 4 or

2 6

Closesheeting

4

6

4

4

4

4

6

6

6

6

8

8

8

4 6

Hard,

Compact

3 4 or

2 6

4

4

6

4

4

4

4

6

6

6

6

8

8

8

4 6

Likely to

crack

3 4 or

2 6

2

4

6

4

4

4

4

6

6

6

6

8

8

8

4 6

Soft, sandyor filled

3 4 or

2 6

Closesheeting

4

6

4

4

6

6

6

6

8

8

8

8

10

4 6

10 to

15

Hydrostatic pressure

3 4 or

2 6

Closesheeting

8

10

4

4

6

6

6

6

8

8

8

8

10

4 6

15 to 20 ll kindsofconditions

3

6

Closesheeting

4

12

4

4

12

6

8

8

8

8

10

10

10

4 6

Over 20 ll kindsofconditions

3

6

Closesheeting

6

8

4

4

12

8

8

8

10

10

10

10

12

4 6

Notes:

Trench jacks may be used in lieu, or in combination with, cross braces.

Shoring is not required in solid rock, hard shale or hard slag.

Where desirable, steel sheet piling and bracing of equal strength may be substituted for wood.

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