12. respiratory system copy
DESCRIPTION
scienceTRANSCRIPT
Image of the Respiratory System
FUNCTIONS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Provides an extensive area for gas exchange between air & circulating blood
• Moving air to & from the exchange surfaces of the lungs
• Protects respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes & other
environmental variations
• Defend respiratory system & other tissues from invasion by pathogenic micro-
organisms
• Produce sounds involved in speaking, singing or non-verbal communication
• Assists in regulation of blood volume, blood pressure & the control of body fluid
pH
Respiratory Overview Picture
Nasal
Cavity
Nose
Mouth
Bronchus
Bronchiole
Alveolus
Diaphragm
Throat
(pharynx)
Windpipe
(Trachea)
Left lungs
Ribs
CARTILAGES OF LARYNX
THYROID CARTILAGE
• Largest laryngeal cartilage
• Forms most of anterior & lateral
walls of larynx
• Commonly called Adams Apple
(laryngeal prominence)
• Inferior surface articulates with
cricoid
• Superior surface has ligamentous
attachments to epiglottis & other
smaller laryngeal cartilages
Alveoli and Bronchi Picture
Trachea
Bronchi Tubes
Bronchiole
Alveoli
Nasal Passage
Bronchi Tubes
Alveoli (air-sacs)
Thin-walled blood vessels
called capillaries
Very thin cells line the
alveoli so that O2 and
CO2 can pass in and
out of the blood.
Bronchioles pass
air to and from
your alveoli.
The Trachea
is held open
by partial
rings of
cartilage.
Tongue
Pharynx
Alveoli Picture
Here is a close
up picture of
your Alveoli
and a Capillary
surrounding it.
Capillary
Red Blood
Cell
Oxygen is
picked up
Carbon
Dioxide is
dropped off
Wall of
the air
sac
Nasal Passage
Bronchi Tubes
Alveoli (air-sacs)
Thin-walled blood vessels
called capillaries
Very thin cells line the
alveoli so that O2 and
CO2 can pass in and
out of the blood.
Bronchioles pass
air to and from
your alveoli.
The Trachea
is held open
by partial
rings of
cartilage.
Tongue
Pharynx
Where are
We?
Cool pictures
FISSURES & LOBES OF LUNG … LEFT LUNG
• 2 lobes viz. : superior & inferior
• Separated by oblique fissure
• Tongue shaped projection of left lung below cardiac notch is called LINGULA ;
corresponds to middle lobe of right lung
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RIGHT & LEFT LUNGS
RIGHT LUNG LEFT LUNG
• Has 2 fissures, 3 lobes 1. 1 fissure, 2 lobes
• Anterior border straight 2. Anterior border interrupted by cardiac notch
• Larger, heavier (700g) 3. Smaller, lighter (600g)
• Shorter, broader 4. Longer, narrower
Diagram of Diaphragm
JH
Fun Facts
* At rest, the body takes in and breathes out about 10 liters of air each minute.
* The right lung is slightly larger than the left.
* The highest recorded "sneeze speed" is 165 km per hour.
* The surface area of the lungs is roughly the same size as a tennis court.
* The capillaries in the lungs would extend 1,600 kilometers if placed end to end.
* We lose half a liter of water a day through breathing. This is the water vapor we see when we breathe onto glass.
* A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15 times a minute.
* The breathing rate is faster in children and women than in men.