12 bernt svensen
TRANSCRIPT
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CATCH28th ± 29th June
´Future vehicle technology across EuropeExperience of biogas for vehicles in West Sweden´
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A growing
Regionin the centre of Sca
ndinav
ia
Business Region Göteborg
Dept. of Business&EnvironmentThe project Biogas West
Bernt Svensén
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This is Business Region Göteborg AB
Non-profit company
A regional cooperation
Contributes to business development,
new investments and a positive business
climate
80 employees
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The transportation sector and vehicle fuels in EU
Biogas for vehicles
Vehicle fuels in Sweden
The project Biogas West
Lessons learnt
Contents
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Vehicle fuels in EUCars within EU-15
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Million cars
1970 1980 1990 2000
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Vehicle fuels in EUTransport Growth EU-15
Passengers, Goods, GDP 1990-2002
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
1 9 9 0 = 1 0 0
Passengers (1) (pkm)
Goods (2) (tkm)
GDP (at constant 1995 prices)
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Vehicle fuels in EUGreen house effect and transports
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Vehicle fuels in EUEU - Bio fuel directives & Target 2020
Fuels for vehicles 202010 % naturalgas (25 mill. cars)
8 % biofuels
5 % hydrogen
2 % biofuels 20055,75 % biofuels 2010
High security of energy supply
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Light duty vehicles Heavy duty vehicles
Short tomiddle
long term
CNG/BiogasEthanolFT-diesel (0-100 %)Low blending(< 10 % ethanol)Hybrides
CNG/BiogasFT-diesel (0-100 %)
Low blending(< 5 % FAME)Hybrides
Longterm
2nd generation
HydrogenSynth. Biomethane
2nd generation
DMESynth. Biomethane
Vehicle fuels in EUVehicle fuels and strategies
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Biogas for vehicles
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Biogas West
What is biogas?
Biogas can be producedby digestion of biomass
Biogas consists of methane.Up-graded biogas is aexcellent renewable fuelfor vehicles
Sludge fromsewage
Organic wastefr householdsand industries
Agriculture
manure, rest-productsenergy crops
Biomassfeedstock
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Biogas West
Why biogas?
Sustainablesystem for waste
treatment
One step towardshydrogen
technology
Less impact of the environmentand the health
Domestic fuelHigh security of energy supply
No contributionto the greenhouse effect
Wide range of biomass
feedstocks
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Biogas West
Biogas potential
Digestion technology
Biomass - waste, energy cropsSmall to medium scale
Technology of today
V ery big biomass potential from
Cities Agriculture Forests
Hydrogasification
Biomass from waste, woodLarge scale
Up coming technology
Hydrogasification
Biomass from waste, woodLarge scale
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Biogas West
Natural gas compared to Biogas
Very low impacts environment and health
Are used for industry, electricity/heat generation and for vehicles
Methane - fossil origin Methane ± renewable energy
Exist in every part of the world Is produced all over theworld
Bigger reserves than oil Big biomass potential
20-25 % less CO2 compare to oil CO2 neutral
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Biogas West
Synergism biogas - natural gas
-
B
iogasplant Up grading
Natural gas
Possibility to produce domestic renewable fuel for vehicles
Biogas can be up graded and mixed with natural gas
Biogas can be distributed in the natural gas grid
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Biogas West
Biogas up grading and injection in
the natural gas grid
Up grading equipment purifies the biogasup to 97-98% methane
Report: IEA Bioenergy, Task 24
Better distribution of biogasAdditional product for the NG companies
B
iogas can be distributed as ³green gas´ similar to ³green electricity´
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Biogas West
A bridge to the renewable fuels for the future
H2 can be mixed with methane and used in vehicles
H2 can be distributed in NG-grid
H2 and CH4 can be produced in the same hydrogasification plant
Knowledge of compressed gas (CNG/CBG) in the automotiveand the energy industry can force the H2-technology development
Petrol, diesel
Otto-Diesel-engines
Natural gas/biogas
Otto-engines
Biogas, hydrogen
Otto-engines
Fuelcells
H H
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Biogas West
Emissions
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) ± 50-70% lesscomp.diesel
Hydrocarbon (NMHC) ± 90% less comp.petrol
Particles ±90% less comp.diesel
Less or no greenhouse gases
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Biogas West
Strategy for biogas and hydrogen as fuel for vehicles
Big potential of biomass
Efficient biogas production and up grading
Injection into natural gas grid
Co operation with hydrogen
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V ehicle fuels inSweden
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Total transportfuel consumption
5,75 %
Ethanol 5 %Low blending
FAME 5 %Low blending
BiogasE 85
Fuel strategy in Sweden 2010
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Comparison: biogas and ethanol production
from energy crops
1 kg wheat 3,12 kWh biogas
1 kg wheat 2,25 kWh ethanol
39 %
more
energy
Ratio:Fuelproduction/Energy input
Ethanol 1,38
Biogas 2,5
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Costs for biogas production in Sweden
Process ~ ¼ / kWh ~ ¼ 1 l petrol eq.
SewageTreatment
0,034 0,30
Slaughterhouse waste
0,045 0,39
Energy CropGas
0,049 0,43
Petrol price in Sweden ¼ 1,22/l
Biogas price 20 ±40 % lower
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Biogas West
Biogas in Sweden
State fundings
for production &
infrastructure
No tax on renewable fuels
Low tax on CNG for
vehicle
More than 50
refuelling stations
for CBG/CNG
6000 bi-fuel cars,
buses and heavy
duty trucks
30 biogas
production plants.
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Biogas West
Göteborg (4)
Trollhättan
Falkenberg
Helsingborg
MalmöLund Eslöv
Kalmar
Linköping
Stockholm (4)
Uppsala
Gas filling stations1999
= filling stations (European highways) under construction 2005
Göteborg (6) +2
TrollhättanLilla EdetLerum
Partille
Mölndal
HalmstadFalkenberg
Gnosjö
Gislaved
Helsingborg (2)
Malmö (3) +1Lund
Eslöv +1
Kristianstad +1
Kalmar
Skövde
Laholm
Linköping (3) +1
Stockholm (4) + 2
Jönköping
Västerås
EskilstunaKatrineholm
Uppsala
Norrköping +1
Red = stations under construction 2005
Kungälv
Mjölby
Nyköping
Arlanda
Stenungsund
Borås
Örebro
E
ÅstorpÄngelholm
Motala
Åtvidaberg
2005
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Trollhättan
Borås
Lilla Edet
Göteborg
Vänersborg
Ulricehamn
Skövde
Laholm
Helsingborg
Malmö
Kristianstad
Eslöv
Kalmar
Jönköping
LinköpingNorrköping
Katrineholm
Stockholm
Uppsala
Eskilstuna
Production of biogas for vehicles
Biogas West
Västerås
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T he project Biogas West
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Biogas West
The project Biogas West
Market DevelopmentProduction
DistributionVehicles
A co-operation project
in Westsweden
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Biogas West
A joint venture project between
Municipalities Companies Authorities
Project manager
Business Region Göteborg
Strong economical growthDiversified business community
High employment rate
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Biogas Vä st
The actors in the biogas chain
The use of
gas vehicles
Supply of gas
vehicles
Raw materialBiogasproduction
Refuellingstations
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Biogas West
Vision & Target in Westsweden
Vision 2020150 refuelling stations
200 000 vehicles
Biogas replace 170 mill.litre petrol
Target 200635 refuelling stations
7 000 vehiclesBiogas replace 14 mill.litre petrol
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Strategy for market developement
Biogas West
Vehicles Co-operation with car retailers
Information & marketing
Distribution Green gas concept
Filling stations in attractive places
Production Priority of rawmaterial from agriculture
Cheapier up-grading equipments
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Biogas West
Development 2001-2003
(West Sweden)
VEHICLE R EFUELLING
STATIONS
BIOGAS
GWh
ACTORS
714
18
9
28
45
11
2723
788
1683
2165
2001
2002
2003
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Biogas West
Status today
(West Sweden)
Vehicles
3.030
Refuelling stations
21
Production
Capacity13 milj liter petrol
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Biogas West
International network & B
iogas CitiesBiogasMax ± EU-project, 6th framework
Co-operation agreement with Calstart, California
Biogas Cities - Exchange of Best PracticeCreate market for biogas concept
Visits: California Belgium Philipins OxfordThailand Gaz de FranceGreenwich CanadaAustria Club Biogas (F)
Coming: Paris region Berlin Helsinki Beijing?
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Biogas West
B
iogas CitiesExchange of Best PracticeCreating markets
Program for a visit in Göteborg:
¤ Management, discussions with City Officials¤ Visit at Volvo, test driving¤ Building infrastructure, commercial suppliers¤ Visits at Biogas Plants
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Biogas West
Driving forces
¤ Commitment, engagement, environmental aspects
¤ Commercial forces, economy
¤ Reputation/image
¤ Politicians, political decisions
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Difficult to get public acceptance for newtechnologies
Find winners and benefits for different actors
Lessons learnt
Key persons
Information, information, information ««««.
Results count Development instead of protection
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Vision, holistic approach
Long term confidence
Lessons learnt
Incentives necessary initially Consider the offer from the end customer point of view
Cooperation with other cities
Think globally ± act locally
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Biogas West
Bernt Svensén, tel: +46 31 61 56 [email protected]