12-3 notes: rise of greek cities

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12-3 Notes: Rise of Greek Cities

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12-3 Notes: Rise of Greek Cities. Homer. Poet who is thought to have lived sometime between 800 and 700 B.C.E. Wrote epic poems such as Odyssey and Iliad. Herodotus. “ Father of History ” lived between c. 484 and 425 B.C.E. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: 12-3 Notes: Rise of Greek Cities

12-3 Notes: Rise of Greek Cities

Page 2: 12-3 Notes: Rise of Greek Cities

Homer• Poet who is thought

to have lived sometime between 800 and 700 B.C.E.

• Wrote epic poems such as Odyssey and Iliad

Page 3: 12-3 Notes: Rise of Greek Cities

Herodotus• “Father of History”

lived between c. 484 and 425 B.C.E.

• Often credited as the first person to systematically gather evidence, test their accuracy, and arrange them to create narrative stories of the past (“history”)

• The Histories is his only known work

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Rise of the Polis• 1500 B.C.E.,

Mycenaean civilization dominates Greece

• By the 700s B.C.E., new independent city-states(“polis”) became cultural centers of Greece

• Athens, Sparta

Page 5: 12-3 Notes: Rise of Greek Cities

Acropolis – Large hill where city residents could find shelter in times of war

Agora – Clearing near the Acropolis where people would trade; marketplace, meeting place

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Government in Greek City States• Citizenship – Leaders of

governments had to be citizens of their polis

• Naturally born native, free men only

• Women, slaves have less rights

• 600 B.C.E. – Greek city of Athens ruled by an oligarchy, a system of government in which the most rich and powerful citizens control most decision making

• Athens was also ruled by a monarchy, a system of government ruled by one person

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Sparta• 700 B.C.E. –

Sparta covers most of southern Peloponnesus and was Greece’s largest polis

• Slavery common in Sparta – 7 to 1 slave ratio at times

• 600s B.C.E. – Spartans forced to crush slave revolt; militarize their state

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Spartan Children• Boys and girls begin school

at age 7• Boys enter the agoge

system, a highly rigorous education system that included military training, education, social preparation

• Starting at the age of 20, Spartan boys served the army for 10 years

• Spartan women went to school and trained vigorously to become strong women, mostly to become strong mothers

• Women engaged in business, public life

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Athenian Children• Athenian girls spent

their time at home, helping their mothers weave cloth or farm

• Athenian boys worked in the fields or in workshops

• Some parents could afford to send their children to school to study reading, writing, and physical education

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Democracy in Athens• Over time, poorer

people began to grow unhappy with Athens’ government, which was dominated by richer people

• Government slowly began to include large meetings where all people could participate in decision making

• Democracy – “rule by the people”