11/19/12 west africa

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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert

11/19/12 West Africa

Objective: Describe the impact of the spread of Islam and list 4 locations where the religion spread other than the Middle East•Do Now: List 4 locations where Islam spread between 600-1400 CE•Middle East Conflict?•West Africa•Mali in the News



Modern States with a Sizable Muslim Population



India- Turks/Delhi SultanateWest Africa

Anatolia/Turkey

Spain- Cordoba



The Abbasid Empire at Its Peak



Late Abbasid Eras

• Abbasid empire weakened, 9th-13th centuries– Extravagance – Shi’a revolts and assignation attempts– Succession not secure- led to civil war– Decline in position of women

Harems, veil, upper class forces to stay in home, slaves were more educated- polygamy -

– Nomadic attacks Buyaids then Seljuk Turks took Baghdad• Turks purged Shia and added strength to defend against Egypt

and Byzantines



Interactive Map Spread of Islam

• http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/history/MHL/WW/interactiveMaps/Expansion_of_Islam/Expansion_of_Islam.htm



Baghdad



Achievements in the Sciences

•Math–Built on Greek work

•Chemistry–Experimentation–Specific weights

•Map making• Paper making, silk, ceramic pottery

– Captured Chinese who knew how to make paper)



Did Arab conquerors reach a “natural” limit (I) to expansion due to geography?- Taurus mountains/Hindu Kush/Pyrenees



Spain- Cordoba



12th Century

school of astronomy

and chemistry

at Cordoba(Spain)



Early tolerance for Christians, and Hebrews

Lots of interaction and learning

Many Christians adopted culture but not Islam

Tension rose with Crusades and Reconquista



Christian Crusades

• 1099 Jerusalem is taken (Muslims face political divisions and are taken by surprise)–Jews and Muslims are massacred

• Saladin- unites Muslims and retakes lands–Last of 8 crusades 1291



Impact Christian Crusades•Muslim World- little impact

• Europe- hard to say because of interactions with Muslim Spain–Weapons damascene swords–Techniques for building fortifications–Physicians–Recovery of Greek learning–Arabic numerals (Indian numerals)–Rugs/cloth–Foods- dates, coffee, yogurt



The Spread of Islam,10th-16th Centuries



Anatolia/Turkey



Anatolia

• Turks invaded Anatolia the same time as India

• Sufi missionaries- replaced Christian institutions

• Large conversions 90% by 1500– Smaller population- but large Turkish settlement– Destruction of Byzantine society– Social benefits to conversion



India- Turks/Delhi Sultanate



Political Divisions and the First Muslim Invasions

• First as traders, 8th century



Patterns of Conversion

• Converts especially among Buddhists, lower castes, untouchables– Also, conversion to escape taxes

• Muslims fleeing Mongols, 13th, 14th centuries

• High-caste Hindus remain apart– Muslims also often fail to integrate



The Coming of Islam to South Asia (India)

• By 1200, Muslims rule much of north, central•Conflict between two different systems

–Hindu religion v. Muslim monotheism–Muslim egalitarianism v. Indian caste system



Early Islam in

India



Indian Influences on Islamic Civilization

• Science, math, medicine, music, astronomy---ZERO!!!!!– India influences Arab world!!!!



Stand-off: The Muslim Presence in India at the End of the Sultanate Period

• Brahmins v. ulama (Scholars)– Separate communities



West Africa



Trans-Sahara Trade (click for video)

►Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were powerful trading kingdoms ruled by monarchs Drew upon trade

wealth, slaves Like East Africa:

cosmopolitan, urban, visitors, Islam



Peaceful – not conquest- traders

Mostly Urban

Provided leaders with legitimacy

Timbuktu – 150 schools/ libraries

Arabic becomes the language of trade No Sharia or Islamic law!!!



West Africa Mali

11/19/12 west africa

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