11.1: the new democratic politics in na. universal suffrage 1830
TRANSCRIPT
B. The Expansion and Limits of
Suffrage1. Western expansion =
a. More states = more opportunities for voter participation
b. Changing from traditional voting structure
2. Able to fight but not vote. Say whaaat!!
3. By 1840, 90% adult male allowed to vote
4. “Time of the common man?”
5. More voting than in any other country; landless and poor able to vote
B. Election of 1824 & the “Corrupt
Bargain” 1. Clay supports Adams 2. Clay = Sec. of State = 3. Stepping stone to presidency
1. Jackson won popular vote2. Felt Clay/Adam move was planned
C. The New Popular Democratic Culture
1. Recognition name of the game
2. Parades and dirty tricks
3. Politicians out in communities
4. Party loyalties5. Newspaper helped
the process
D. Election of 1828
*color coding is incorrect; should be reversed w/ Jackson labeled as pink
1. Popular democracy at it’s finest
2. Man of the people vs. the aristocracy
3. All regions unite to support him
11.2: The Jackson Presidency
“Age of the Common Man”1828-1836
A. Jackson: Anything but Common
Democrat
1. Rags to riches2. Military heroa. Revolutionary Warb. War of 1812
3. Undemocratic – “Old Hickory”
a. Hated nativesb. Slave owner
4. Little political experience
B. Sectional Leaders
• Daniel Webster
Henry Clay North West
John Calhoun South
C. The Nullification Crisis?
1. Tariffs & Sectionalism: Who’s for? Who’s against?
2. Northa. Supported by merchantsb. Increases sales of American
made goods
3. Southa. Feared tariff retaliation on cottonb. Luxury goods prices would
increase
C. The Nullification Crisis4. Tariff of Abomination (1828)
a. Supported by North & Jackson
b. Unconstitutional; South hardest hit c. May pass other unconstitutional laws5. Nullification Doctrine… a. Protects rights of minority (south) b. Is a threat to national unity (AJ)6. Force Bill
Allowed gov’t to collect taxes at gun point since S.C. refused
7. Tariff of 1833 gradually lowers tariffs
A. Indian Removal1. Policy of assimilation2. treaties: mostly
underhanded3. Cherokee a. Most assimilated b. Cherokee Nation v. Ga &
Worcester v. Ga.i. as dependent nations, states cannot make natives
give up there landsii. Jackson ignores the verdict and supports the states
4. Trail of Tears (1838)
Demonstrated the unfairness of majority rule
B. Internal Improvements
1. Maysville Road Bill (1830)Congress wants federal gov’t to pay for road in Ky
2. Jackson vetoed it; states responsibility
3. States go into debt; gave away too much land to investors
4. Sticking it to Henry Clay
C. Legal Support for Private
Enterprise1. Gibbons v. Ogden
(1824)a. Monopolies are illegalb. Competition & supply and demand set prices
2. Supreme Court limits the regulatory powers of the states regarding interstate trade
D. The Bank War1. Function of Second
Bank of the U.S,a. Held gov’ts moneyb. Sold bondsc. Gave commercial loansd. Controlled state banks;
i. repaid by state banks w/ hard currency
2. Problem?a. No national currency =b. Too many different currencies
at different values
D. The Bank War3. Opponents to banksa. Farmers/urban worker
i. restrict loansii. Call in loans = recession
b. Pres. Jacksoni. Unconstitutionalii. Harmful to states rightsiii. Worked for the elitesiv. Vetoed bank charterv. Helped in next electionvi. Favored “pet banks”- state
banks
D. The Bank War4. LTC of nonrenewal of
bank chartera. Ended Clay’s American
systemb. Laissez-faire economics:
gov’t does not get involved with business; let supply and demand control the economy
c. Permanent two party system opposition
d. Banks at state level = too much speculation and credit
E. The Whigs & the Election of
18361. Whigs
a. Oppose Jacksonb. Resist “King Andrew”c. Sectional differences subside
momentarily
2. Election of 1836Van Buren (D) v. Harrison (W)
3. Whigs lose but gain political momentum
F. Panic of 18371. Causes
a. End of 2nd national bankb. Speculative boom esp. by
foreign investorsc. Too many new loans at
state level not backed by specie (gold/silver)
d. Contraction of credit by foreign investors; called in loans
e. Price of cotton increasesf. Too much paper moneyg. Implementation of the
specie circular
2. Trickle effect of any recession?
11.4: The Second Party American System
Two major parties: all economic classes and regions of the US covered!
A. Whigs and Democrats1. Democratsa. Think TJ and anti-fedb. Small farmersc. South and westd. Expansion?
James Polk
Van Buren
Jackson
2. Whigsa. Think Hamilton and
Federalistsb. Clays American Systemc. Strong gov’t; interventiond. Religion and self-discipline
important
Henry Clay
Zachary Taylor
William H. Harrison
B. Campaign of 18401. 80% voter turnout2. Reached out to everyday
people 3. Dies one month into
presidency
Harrison
Van Buren
Harrison out John Tyler In
Democrat